Beresta - material is environmentally friendly, which can already be considered a huge advantage. In addition, it is inherent in some unique properties that other natural materials do not possess.

1. She is hygroscopic and perfectly absorbs moisture. That is why sugar and salt in birchpins always remain dry and do not fall into lumps even with high humidity.
2. Beresta has bactericidal properties. Our ancestors knew this perfectly, therefore we used the containers from this material to store perishable products. For example, Berchinaya Tus often served as a storage for fish and dairy products, and in the bread beds from Berrés, bread can lie very long, without falling and not covered with mold.

Crafts from bark bark are very convenient for use: they are lungs and at the same time strong enough, well hold the form.

The dishes from this natural material are attractive from an aesthetic point of view, besides, it can be performed in different ways. Some masters adhere to old traditions and create items strictly in accordance with the museum samples, while others come up with unusual things that will easily fit into almost any modern interior. Crafts from birch bark are long kept thin fragrance, reminding about summer, covered with greens trees. And they also retain heat even in cold rooms and are very pleasant to the touch.

How to wash barking products?

It is very common that the objects from the birch bark can be washed, but you should not do it often, otherwise they can spoil. It is absolutely wrong. It is enough to remember the famous bark grades who have broken in the ground are not one hundred years: if the bark were afraid of moisture, they would not have survived to this day.

As already mentioned earlier, Beresta is hygroscopic and moisture is not afraid. The dishes made of this material can be washed and even need to do this as necessary! Birch bark products can be washed not only manually, but also in a dishwasher, along with ordinary dishes (but only if inside there are no parts from metal, such as wire for fixing the handle). Washing in the dishwasher does not hurt, moreover, the product is better than it. For example, a lot of crumbs accumulate between strips of barks in a wicker form for bread with time - it is almost impossible to remove them during manual sink, and the dishwasher with this task will perfectly cope.

After washing in hot water, crafts from birch crust acquire special softness and elasticity, but they do not change their form and after complete drying, they become dense again. It must be remembered that Beresta loves moisture, and the objects made from it periodically need to be wiped with a wet cloth. Otherwise, especially if there is very dry air in the room, they can become brittle and simply look around.

If such things correctly care for such things, they will always have an attractive look, and will serve for a long time.

Beresta

Beresta - universal material; Plastic, lightweight, durable. Previously, the shoes were sewed, berries, boxes for mushroom fees.

Beresto usually collected in the spring. At this time of the year, it is more durable and easily separated from the trunk. The time of the billet was determined by the old folk accepting: Rye bloomed - it's time to the forest behind the birch. And the products of folk masters flew in the late autumn or in winter, when his free time appeared.

Read the text:

Beresta

In Russia, very valued birch. From her they did shoes, toys, decorations. In Berevian dishes kept oil, sour cream, cottage cheese. Beresto used for writing.

How can we entitle the text?

Answer the questions:

 What is birch?

 What did people do from it?

 What was kept in birch dishes?

 What was used for birch?

Think whether the words are

birch (bark) and bereshina (Dishes) single-colored?

Explain your answer.

Read the text

find the studied spells.

Beresta is the upper part of the birch bark.

Read the text again to yourself.

Beresta is the upper part of the birch bark.

In Russia, very valued birch. From her we did shoes, toys, decorations. In Berevian dishes kept oil, sour cream, cottage cheese. Birch used for writing.

Number.

Presentation.

Berest.

Write a statement on issues.

1. What is Berust?

top of birch bark

2. What did people do from it?

footwear, Toys, Decorations

3. What was kept in birch dishes?

oil, sour cream, cottage cheese

4. For what used Birch?

for a letter

5. What are birchy diplomas?

letters and documents

Presentation performed

Andrienko Svetlana Evgenievna

primary school teacher

MBOU "Utynny Central School - Gymnasium"

Natural material of beret is distributed for the manufacture of souvenirs, gifts, dishes. They are not only nice to get as a gift, but it is interesting to do it yourself. This process is hard: products from Berriest are able to create only very patient and neat wizards.

What is this material?

Beresta is the top layer that is easily dying with a sharp knife. The flexible and convenient for work is considered a berst, removed from the tree with a diameter of 30 cm in the first month of summer. Strip various shapes And the lengths are laid in a dry intact place to have a natural drying. After 3 weeks, the material is ready for processing. In case of drying and fragility, the band must be moistened with water.

How to work with bark?

To work with bark, you will need: a sharp knife, scissors, a needle with a thread, awl, wire. The material can be painted in different colors, it is relevant for souvenirs and children's crafts. Berestral coloring can be made both before, in the solution of paint and water, and decorate the finished product. When preserving the natural type, the product from Berriest looks interesting and more expensive, the material is covered with colorless varnish, sometimes put painting.

Working with bark is difficult, for a good result you will need a lot of patience and effort. It is better to begin to create with the simple and necessary homes of things: vases, kashpo, etc. Quickly creating the first product, will want to start more complex options.

Crafts from bark do it yourself

The most popular product from Berestov - Cacheform for flowers, it fits well into any interior and is a necessary subject. It is going very simple: the pot is winding with a plate, the extra pieces are cut off, the compound occurs with the help of glue. For durable gluing Beresto should be tied up. Such a casship does not need an additional decoration, but if you wish, you can paint it or glue butterflies, rhinestones, flowers ...

Thin rings from Berriest can be turned into an earrings, and a chain of rings in a necklace. Such crafts from Beresta will delight mom or girlfriend. Even children are able to cope with the work.

The paintings from Berestov in the form of appliqués have a special kind, they can be hung on the wall or give to loved ones. Such creativity requires the investment of the whole soul and love. To create pictures of Berriest, it needs to be put in boiling water, give dry, bundle, dry under the press. Beresta has many shades, so it can make a panel from small pieces without paint. For brightness of the drawing, you can use the background from other materials, branches, leaves, birch earrings.

More difficult work under the power of senior schoolchildren. Berriest bread jams from thin ribbons. Such a lace container will allow bread not cohesively. To create a breadthorn or candlers, you first need to cross and glue two strips, then around the center to climb the remaining tapes.

Souvenir products from Beresta

Professional products from Berestov are widespread at folk fishing fairs. They are bought as souvenirs and gifts. Therefore, the manufacture of such products is not only a pleasant process, but also a profitable activity.

Birch boxes of various sizes can be used to store decorations, documents, candies, herbs, etc. The people's painting makes the release even more interesting and individual. The material allows you to create a product of any desired form, a huge variety of souvenir products allows you to choose an option for every taste.

Souvenirs from Berestov are popular not only among the Russian population, but also abroad. They are taken as a gift and in memory of the country of white berez and brown bears. It is good that memory takes a worthy place in life, and you can learn how to create souvenirs and do not forget about the very recent past.

Boxes do it yourself

To create a casket from Berriest, the best suited ones are best suited, not yet dried ribbons. They are easy to work: flexible and obedient. The work goes in the following order:

1) Ribbons are cut down the same sizes equal to the perimeter of the casket.

2) 4 tapes are first intertwined.

3) Then, on each side, another 1 tape is added, a large square is obtained from small, 4 × 4 cells. Thus, the base is woven to the required sizes.

4) To get an angle of the casket, you need a square shoe size with a base. It is placed at an angle of 45 o to all sides like a rhombus.

5) Then the ribbons are pressed to the block and intertwined around the perimeter in a checker order to the required height.

6) To form the upper edge, a wire is needed from which the hoop is made of any desired shape, the size of the bottom of the box.

7) Ribbons are attached to the hoop: enveloped it and go to the side, under the nearest cells. For reliability, tips can be lubricated with glue.

8) the lid is in the same way. To keep it better, you can make it a little more than the size. Or weave and glue the inner side for the box.

By changing the shape of the block, you can weigh any basket. To work, first will need a lot of patience, but the creation process always acts positively both on children and adults.

Painting with your own hands

To create a picture from Berriest, you must consistently perform the following works:

1) First, the sketch is selected, it can be painted personally or taken from any source.

2) Then the format of the picture is selected depending on the possibilities of the artist: someone will translate the finished picture, someone will draw himself.

3) Cutting the cardboard base of the desired size.

4) The horizon line is determined - laid out of thin birch. Next, after each layer, the product is pressed.

5) the sky is stacked from small pieces of Berrés of light gray, white shades.

6) The Earth is depicted from dried moss or dark pieces of Beresta.

7) Then the plot is started to lay out on the resulting background: first the minor items, the last thing - the main one.

8) After a 20-minute press, the picture is inserted into the frame with glass, in this form it will save its worthy view for a long time.

Breadmaker do it yourself

Bread Munch from Berestov Save Bread Freshly longer than plastic, there are no dampness in them, unpleasant odor. There are also advantages over wooden: it does not absorb smells, does not rot, it does not mold.

You can weigh it with your own hands, in the same sequence as the casket, but this is a more laborious process. And the bread bag requires greater tightness to preserve the product. Therefore, it is better to purchase it. You can buy a breadbox without decor and decorate it yourself, you can choose the option with the design you like, their great set.

Products from Berestov are appreciated since sincerrife. Now they are relevant not only as well as eco-friendly kitchenware.

it differs from all other wood plantings of the Barrel. White, which, as it turned out, is a powerful defender of this all beloved wood from the destruction of various bacteria, fungi, viruses, bugs, ants, and other insects - lovers to enjoy this, probably very sweet wood for them, as well as from harmful radiation of solar radiation and other negative effects of the external environment. This whiteness of the ages of centuries attracts people, it is inherent exclusively to the top layer of the cortex, which is quite easy and quickly peeling. This layer is called Beresta, and if they plunge into the history of our ancestors, we will remember not only Novgorod Berestovoy plates, but also lapties, shoe insoles, Berestovoy flour, tar. Napti, homemade shoes woven from Berestov, were widely used in peasant villages for a long time. Subsequently, when leather shoes entered the source, Beresta served people with good service, but already in a new capacity, like a shoe insole. Note that the warriors of the royal army never suffered fungal diseases - this is despite the fact that the constant moisture and long trips did not give a breather to the soldier's feet. By the way, the Berestovye insoles would not be superfluous and in our time.

Beresta attracted the attention of folk healers and in their ancient records among the recommendations, how and what to treat skin diseases, purulent wounds and cuts can be found that the most effective method, this is powdered with a crowded bark. This tool recommended for the treatment of diseases gastrointestinal tractHe was advised to chew to strengthen teeth and gums, and to improve the digestion, Beresto was crushed and added to the flour, from which bread was baked. Preparing a room for the guinea, on the hot coal dripped a few drops of birch tar, for disinfection of the room. Birch tar This is the result of dry distillation of Berriest, thick oil liquid with a specific smell and unique bactericidal properties, but about it is slightly lower.

During the war, Berest was burned, and smoke sterilized bandages after washing, it also has bactericidal properties.

Delicate, inflammatory and infectious skin diseases with birch trees are treated Tibetan monks and Yakuts. Nanikes, in addition to skin diseases, this means are treated still tuberculosis and stomach ulcers.

As you can see, and her bark attracted the attention of people for a long time. Today it is already known that such antiseptic and bactericidal properties Berezte attaches in its composition triterpen alcohol betunol or betulin. This substance that gives the birch bark of whiteness is 30% of the amount of useful substances in it, and these are glycosides, betulosides, saponins, Gaulterins, bitterness, tannins and essential oil. By the way, the essential oil, which is in including, spreading around the trees in the locations of their location, especially in birch groves, destroys around 400 species of pathogens and reassignively affects nervous system, remember how nice to wander in birch groves.

Betulin is also called birch camphor, and as a result of a deeper study of the properties of this substance, which continues to this day, in the scientific circles, Betulin began to call "white gold".

The first documentary description of the white powder of the birch dedicated from the bark was done in 1788, the student and the associate M.V. Lomonosov Tobius Lovitz. It was he who began to apply it to treat burns and cuts. And only after the attachment later, another chemist called this powder Betulin.

At the end of the XIX century, Betulin began to be applied in practice to disinfect wounds and cuts, it was applied to bactericidal plasters. But at the beginning of the twentieth century, an anti-developing property was discovered, and in 1994 an antiviral property of this substance and, in particular, that it counteracts the human immunodeficiency virus. These properties are also inherent in the same extracts prepared from the top layer of birch bark, that is, from Berriest.

Natural, rather cheap, easily mined stuff from Beresta is a white powder, sometimes beige. It consists by 80% of Betulin, with high to 260 degrees Celsius melting point. This powder became the object of careful study of physicians, biologists, pharmacists in almost 40 countries of the world. The first results have shown that this tool does not cause side Effects, In addition to antiseptic and wound-healing properties, Betulin exhibits antiviral, hepatoprotective, choleretic, antioxidant, immunostimulating, anti-silent properties. Interest in this substance is not yet subsided, research is continuing, and this makes it possible to learn more and more new faces of this unique natural substance.

Let's start with the fact that the discovered hepatoprotective properties help doctors with Betulin, in a complex with traditional methods, to treat all varieties of sharp and chronic diseases Liver. And the antiviral properties of this unique substance make it possible to the list of diseases that are faster and more efficient to add to his participation viral hepatitis All three well-known types A, B and C. The use of Betulin accelerates the time of recovery and the period of recovery of lost health and physical forces affected by these diseases.

Folk Medicine proposes to prepare brazers from barks to prepare, however
independent treatment Heavy forms of the liver disease with the help of decoctions prepared at home, of course, will not give one hundred percent guarantee of a positive result. However, today there are already a number of medical drugs, biologically active additives to food, and doctors often use birch extracts, but such treatment should occur under their observation and in strict accordance with the recommendations. Moreover, these decoctions will help restore the power to people who have moved radiation and chemotherapy sessions during onco-scabers, they are effective as preventive tool with alcohol lesion of the liver, after transferred complex operations carried out under general anesthesia, in the presence of severe injuries and burns.

Berestra's decoctions, thanks to Betulina, a pronounced choleretic property is displayed. And this improves the process of digestion, and as already mentioned above, our ancestors added crushed Beresto to flour, having pursuing exactly such goals. And, by the way, the fact that brazers can be treated with an ulcer of the stomach, as the Nanikes do, confirmed, and official medicine uses Betulin in complex treatment of this disease. Studies have shown that Betulin has a positive effect on the mucous membrane during its damage and at the same time inhibits the activity of the gastric juice, reducing the level of hydrochloric acid.

Considering the specific impact of this, as it turns out to be a unique substance on the liver capable of eliminating the cause of the disease, birch bark ragners recommend applying for the prevention of stones in bile bubble and the emergence of cholecystitis, a disease that is quite often occurring. But for people suffering overweight, Betulin is how the Chinese noted in one of their popular newspapers, "a unique way to lose weight lying on the bed." This unique substance, being in the body, changes the fragmentation scheme familiar to our understanding, which has a strong impact on the metabolic process and prevents obesity.

In addition, Betulin exhibits a dally strong effect on cholesterol levels in the body. First, Betulin my presence inhibits his synthesis of liver, prevents the intestine cholesterol suction. And secondly, improving bile outflow, it contributes to the rapid excavation of cholesterol along with bile acids, and practically normalizes its level in the body. Therefore, the use of brazers from bark is prevention of atherosclerosis, hypertensive diseases, heart attacks and strokes.

The effect of betuline does not end with the oppression of the harmful effect of cholesterol, it has a property to reduce the permeability of the vessels and at the same time strengthen capillaries.

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of Betulin are manifested in that
it actively stimulates the internal reserves of the body to combat irritants causing inflammatory processes. Therefore, bark brazers in tandem with traditional forms of treatment accelerate the process of recovery during cold illnessJustice inflammatory processes With rheumatic diseases of the joints. By the way, various diseases The throat, angina, pharyngitis, tonsillites, the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity is quite effectively treated with brazers in the form of rinsing. Rheumatism, gout, pain in the muscles or in the joints, skin diseases, are recommended to be treated by applying decoctions outwardly by adding to the bathroom or in the form of a ride or compresses. Cooks are preparing for external use as follows: One tablespoon of crushed bark is poured with a glass of boiling water, then the solution is insteaded to an acceptable temperature, focusing and used for washing wounds and compresses. If there is a need for more solution, for example, to enable in the bathroom, or the preparation of the legs for steering legs, it is withstanding the same proportion only for one liter of boiling water you need five tablespoons of raw materials. As for the internal reception, there is one teaspoon of crushed barks with a glass of boiling water, 5 minutes languishes on slow heat, it insists to an acceptable temperature and is used one cup 3 times a day after meals. By the way, such an infusion helps with diarrhea and colitis.

Relatively strong antiviral influence of this substance on the body, here scientists have found that Betulin contributes to the synthesis of interferon, a substance that is distinguished by the cells of the body in response to the invasion of the virus to combat it. With a reduced immunite, it happens to us quite often for various reasons, the synthesis of interferon is significantly reduced, and the use antiviral drugs and immunomodulators are limited due to their toxicity and the appearance of side effects after long use. Interferon preparations also showed their ineffectiveness due to the negative consequences of their influence on the body. Betulin is capable of adjusting the level of interferon synthesis, and this makes it possible to apply it in the treatment of influenza type A viruses, bird flu, simpleness virus, viral diarrhea, mucous membranes. External use of beret ragners as antiviral remedy Actually with warts, because the nature of their occurrence is viral.

The anti-tube property of Betulin was found and what is very important, studies confirmed its positive effect in the complex treatment of mioma (skin cancer) and brain tumors.

Antioxidant properties that are one of the factors of the prevention of cancer, simultaneously slow down the processes of the body's aging. And recently, it began to use it often in cosmetics, because Betulin in comparison with ascorbic acid is much more powerful stimulates the synthesis of collagen in the skin, and this greatly eliminates its declaration and counteracts the formation of wrinkles.

Among the aforementioned Betulin, it is an emulsifying agent, and in many countries of the world it is added to food, such as oil, mayonnaise, bakery, meat, sausages, chocolates. And it should be noted that this additive is absolutely harmless, even after heat treatment, and if it takes into account its antioxidant properties, then the shelf life of such products is much greater. Even in the old days they knew about it, because the peasants in Berevian Tuesca retained bread.

Alexander Vasilyevich Vishnevsky, a military surgeon, practicing Russian and Soviet times, created a unique ointment in 1927, for the treatment of purulent wounds, boils and cuts, called it later. It still uses great success among the doctors, and in its composition the main ingredient is birch tar. In addition, the state is part of and other ointments intended for treatment skin disease, as well as for the treatment of rheumatism and gout, as an anti-inflammatory and painkillers. But to care for problem skin and with the aim of preventing various skin diseases exists degtyar soap. Birch delet is also used to treat such serious skin diseases as eczema and psoriasis.

Famous American Chemist, Professor of the University of Minnesota Robert Carlson, expressed his opinion, calling Betulin "a first-class thing", which works too well as it is "synthesized by nature, and not in the laboratory." This is how she, as you see her white trunk is not only beauty, it is a storehouse of our health. However, do not hurry into the birch grove for BERESSION, because even the smallest injury of the bark of these trees because of the tendency of wood to rapid rotting threatens the life of a whole tree. Yes, and the value of Berriest increases with the age of birch, so feel about this tree with love.

Health and well-being to you.

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Beresta, - and berst, -s, g. 1. Top layer of birch bark. Clear Beresto. Tues from Beresta. 2. (Beresta). The same thing that birch gram. Novgorod Berests. n arr. Bereshina, and, and birch,,,, it (to 1 meaning). B. box.

Watch value Beresta in other dictionaries

Beresta Well. (incorrectly Beresto) upper, light, rebel layer of birch bark, rock; She goes except for the target of the tar, on the litter under the peeling roofs and the same other needs, ........
Explanatory dictionary of Daly

Beresta - Berests, and berst, Berestov, MN. No, g. The top layer of the bark, rushed from birch.
Explanatory Dictionary Ushakov

Beresta J. - 1. See birch.
Explanatory dictionary Efremova

Berest and Beresta J. - 1. Top layer of birch bark.
Explanatory dictionary Efremova

Beresta - -; Beresti, s; g. Top layer of birch bark. Wheel Beresto. Tuesuck from Beresta. ● In the old days it was used as a material for the letter. When excavations in Novgorod and Pskov ........
Explanatory dictionary of Kuznetsov

Beresta - This general Slavonic word rises to the same rope as birch, but with another suffix. Cm. .
Etymological Dictionary of Krylova

Beresta - (Beresta) - the outer part of the birch bark. Dry distillation get away. It is on the manufacture of boxes, baskets, etc. See also Sberbestion.
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