We in Serbia, and in Europe as a whole, people do not want to depend on energy and gas companies, so they seek to acquire alternative energy sources. Whether solar panels, thermal collectors, or biogas plants.

I somehow told in my journal about the biogas plants of industrial production, now my story about a homemade installation that can produce gas for your home or cottage. The principle of operation is clear from the drawing. I will only make explanations and inform the assignment of some elements.

For the manufacture of the installation you will need:

* Two plastic barrels of 200 liters (in Serbia in such barrels salted cabbage), but there may be metal barrels from diesel fuel.

* Five adapters-fittings for connecting elements with a hose with a thickness of at least 13 mm.

* Plastic hose (length depending on the installation needs).

* Plastic bucket.

* Plastic canister 3 - 5 liters (from automotive oil with a screw lid) for the emergency valve.

* Two plastic tubes with a diameter of 5 cm.

Element 1 - in the figure, bio gas generator

It consists of: from a hermetic trunk, two plastic pipes and an outlet fusion for biogas.

In the generator, the organic mass is decomposed in the process of rotting, freeing up 60% of methane and 40% SO2.

Through the first plastic tube with a funnel, finely chopped biomass waste falls asleep, mixed with water in a ratio of 10% biomass and 90% of rainwater (soft water).

Well, if you still add a natural mixture of fresh manure from cows, pigs and birds in order to thus introduce microorganisms on which biogas production depends. For lack, you can add a little dirt from the river or pond to speed up the process.

The process takes about 3 weeks so that the gas is formed. At an early stage, you will notice that gas stands out, but know that this is SO2 - carbon dioxide, which is not combustible. Only after it passes 3 weeks, the formation of methane, - biogas.

At the bottom of the container over time, a residue appears, which is an excellent natural fertilizer for vegetables in gardening.

The perfect temperature ranges from 12 to 36 degrees, protect the barrel from direct sunlight in the shade, and in the winter from freezing. Keep in mind that this is a bull "live", that is, it contains billions of microorganisms working on the process of biomass decomposition.

In case you are a bio gas generator "Clear" or "frozen" - the microorganisms will disappear, so that the whole process will have to begin again.

Element 2 The figure is a biogas collection container and hydraulic

It consists of a discovery plastic barrel, buckets and two fittings (valve)for gas flow and scatter (Tagovi).

In this container - a barrel of 200 liters, gas is collected, as shown in the figure. Provides a simple and flexible solution without gas loss. In addition, the water still performs the filter function, cleaning methane from impurities.

Note that gas raised water capacity, and this indicates the amount of gas collected.

The mass of the discharge will help make gas pressure sufficient, which is then sent to the emergency valve, element No. 4.

Keep this container with water filled and protected from freezing.

Element 3 - burner

Element 4 - emergency valve

The emergency valve consists of a plastic canister with water, with a screw lid and two adapters.

Empty cans from under the oil for a car - good improvisation.

The emergency valve is designed to intercept the flame to stop the opposite effect. The emergency valve is located between the element 3 - the burner and the gas collection container, element 2.

It is extremely important that you set the Avrey Valve to prevent the possibility of igniting the gas container, which would lead to an accident or explosion.

Owners of private houses located in the regions with limited access to traditional types of fuel should be paid to the modern biogas settings. Such aggregates allow to obtain biogas from a variety of organic waste and use it for personal needs, including heating of residential premises.

Gas can be obtained from almost any biomass - waste of the livestock industry, food production, agriculture, foliage, etc. At the same time, it is possible to build a similar installation with your own hands.

Mechanism of biogas installations

To obtain biogas, suitable for homogeneous raw materials and mixtures of various biomass. The biogas setting is a volumetric tight construction equipped with fixtures for feeding raw materials, heating biomass, mixing components, removal of the obtained biogas to the gas collector and, of course, protect the design.

In the reactor under the influence of anaerobic bacteria, a rapid biomass decomposition is carried out. In the process of fermentation of organic raw materials, biogas is distinguished. Approximately 70% of the composition of such gas is represented by methane, the remaining part - carbon dioxide.

Biogas is characterized by excellent values \u200b\u200bof calorific value, it has no pronounced smell and color. According to its properties, biogas is practically no less inferior to a more traditional natural gas.

In developed countries, use additional installations for cleaning biogas from carbon dioxide. If you wish, you can buy the same installation and get pure biomethane.

Biogas installations on silo. 1 silage pits. 2 Biomass loading system. 3 reactor. 4 reactor of the prevention. 5 substrate. 6 Heating system. 7 Power installation. 8 Automation and Control System. 9 Gas pipeline system

On average, one cow or another animal weighing in half-bottom can per day make the amount of manure sufficient to obtain approximately 1.5 m3 biogas. Daily manure of one medium pig can be recycled in 0.2 m3 biogas, and rabbit or chicken - at 0.01-0.02 m3 of fuel.

For comparison: 1 m3 of biogas from manure gives approximately the same thermal energy as 3.5 kg of firewood, 1-2 kg of coal, 9-10 kW / h electricity.

The simplest recipe for the mixture to obtain biogas includes the following components:

• cow manure - about 1500 kg;
• relicious foliage or other organic waste - 3500 kg;
• water - 65-75% of the total mass of previous components. Pre-water should be warm up to about 35 degrees.

Such a number of biomass will be enough to obtain biogas for half a year of operation with moderate consumption. On average, biogas begins to stand out after 1.5-2 weeks after loading the mixture to the installation.

Gas can be used to heat the house and a variety of economic and household buildings.

Construction of a typical biogas

Biogas Installation

The main components of the full biogas system are:

• reactor;
• the flow system is humoring;
• stirrers;
• biomass;
• gazgolder;
• separator;
• protective part.

The household setting will have several simplified design, however, for the completeness of perception you are invited to familiarize yourself with the description of all listed items.

Biogas plants

Reactor

This part of the installation is usually collected from a stainless steel or concrete. Externally, the reactor is similar to a large hermetic container, on top of which the dome is installed, usually having a spheroid form.

Currently, reactors with collapsible design are most popular, made using innovative technologies. Such a reactor can easily assemble with your own hands with minimal time costs. If necessary, it is as easy to understand and is transported to another place.

Steel is convenient because it is possible to create holes in it without any effort to connect other elements of the system. Concrete is superior to steel in terms of strength and durability.

Biomass feed system

This part of the installation includes a hopper for receiving waste, a supplying pipe for water supply and a screw pump, designed to send humus to the reactor.

To download the dry component, the front loader is used in the bunker. At home with this task, you can cope without a loader using various remedies, for example, shovels.

In the bunker there is moisturizing the mixture to a semi-liquid state. After reaching the desired level of humidification, the screw translates the semi-liquid mass into the bottom compartment of the reactor.

Mixer

Frying humoring in the reactor should occur evenly. This is one of the main conditions for ensuring intensive separation of biogas from the mixture. It is to achieve the most uniform fermentation process that the design of a typical biogas unit includes a stirrer with electric drives.

There are stirrers of submersible and inclined type. Submersible mechanisms can be lowered into biomass to the desired depth to ensure intensive and uniform mixing of the substrate. Typically, such stirrers are placed on the mast.

Installation of inclined mixers is performed on the side surfaces of the reactor. For rotation of the screw in the fermenter corresponds to the electric motor.

Automated heating system

To successfully obtain biogas, the temperature inside the system must be maintained at + 35- + 40 degrees. To do this, the design includes automated heating systems.

The heat source in this case acts the water boiler, electric heating units are used in separate situations.

Gazgolder

Gazgolder

In this element, the design is collected biogas. Most often, the Gazgolder is placed on the roof of the reactor.

The production of modern gas producers is usually carried out using polyvinyl chloride - material resistant to the solar light and a variety of adverse natural phenomena.

Gazgolder

In some situations, instead of an ordinary Gazgolder apply special bags. Also, these devices allow you to temporarily increase the volume of the stock of the obtained biogas.

For the manufacture of gas grinding bags, a special polyvinyl chloride is used with elastic properties, able to swell as the volume of biogas increases.

Separator

Separator

This part of the system is responsible for drying the effluent and obtaining high-quality fertilizers if necessary.

The simplest separator consists of a screw and separator chamber. The camera is made in the form of a sieve. This allows you to separate biomass on a solid component and a liquid part.

Press-screw separator

Dried humus is sent to the shipping compartment. Liquid part system sends back to the receiving chamber. Here, the fluid is used to moisten the new baseline raw materials.

The simplest biogas installation do it yourself

Biogas installation for home

Household biogas installation will have a somewhat simplified design, but its manufacture should be approached with maximum responsibility.

First step. Hold the pit. In essence, the biogas installation is a large pit with a special finish. The most responsible and at the same time with this complex part of the manufacture of the system under consideration is the correct preparation of the walls of the bioreactor and its base.

The pit should be hermetic. Strengthen the base and walls with plastic or concrete. Instead, you can purchase ready-made polymer rings with a deaf bottom. Such adaptations allow us to provide the necessary tightness of the system. The material will maintain its original characteristics for long years, and if necessary, you can easily replace the old ring new.

The second step. Equip the gas drainage system. It will save you from the need to buy and install mixers, thanks to which the cost of time and cash to assembling the installation will be significantly reduced.

The simplest variant of the gas drainage system is vertically fixed sewer pipes from polyvinyl chloride with a multitude of housing holes.

Pipes pick up such a length so that their upper edges rise slightly over the top level of loaded humus.

Third step. Cover the outer layer of the substrate with film insulation. Thanks to the film, conditions will be created for accumulating biogas under the dome in conditions of insignificant overpressure.

Fourth step. Install the dome and mounted the gas trap in its highest point.

Gas consumption must be regular. Otherwise, the dome over a container with biomass can simply explode. In summer, the gas is formed more intensively than in winter. To solve the last problem, buy and install suitable heaters.

The procedure and conditions for the successful use of biogas

Medium Specific Biogas Output

Thus, it is easy to assemble a simple biogas installation. However, for its successful operation, you must remember and follow a few simple rules.

One of the most important requirements - no substances that have a negative impact on the livelihood of anaerobic microorganisms should not be present in the loaded organic mass. The prohibited inclusions include different kinds of solvents, antibacterial drugs and other similar substances.

A number of inorganic substances are also able to determine the vital activity of bacteria. In view of this, it is forbidden, for example, dilute by humus water left after washing clothes or washing the machine.

Remember: biogasic installation is a potentially explosive unit, so observe all the safety provisions, relevant to operate any gas equipment.

Thus, even manure and in principle, almost everything, from which you previously tried to get rid of all their forces, can be useful in the farm. It is only necessary to correctly build a home biogasic installation, and it will be warmth very soon in your home. Follow the recommendations received, and you will no longer have to spend enormous amounts for heating.

Good job!

Read also on our website Article - Hydroponic installation with your own hands.

Video - biogas installation with your own hands

svoimi-rykami.ru.

Biogo Installation Own Force

The article on the preparation of biogas caused the theoretical foundations of production of methane gas from biomass by anaerobic fermentation.

The role of bacteria in the phased transformation of organic substances with the description of the necessary conditions for the most intensive biogas obtained was explained. This article will present the practical implementation of biogas plants, with a description of some homemade structures.

Since energy prices are growing, and many owners of livestock farms and small farms have problems with the disposal of waste, industrial complexes for the production of biogas and small biogas plants for a private house have been available. Using the search engines, the Internet user will be able to easily find an affordable ready-made solution, so that the biogasic installation and the price of it corresponded to the requests, to communicate with equipment suppliers and agree on the construction of a biogas generator at home or at the farm.

Industrial biogas complex

Bioreactor - base of biogas

The container in which an anaerobic biomass decomposition occurs, is called a bioreactor, a fermented, or methannation. Bioreactors are completely sealed, with a fixed or floating dome, having the design of a diving bell. Bells of psychrofyl (not requiring heating) bioreactors have the type of open tank with liquid biomass, into which the container is immersed in the form of a cylinder or bell, where the biogas is assembled.

The gathered biogas puts pressure on the cylinder, which is raised over the tank. Thus, the bell also performs the GAZGOLDER function - the temporary storage of the resulting gas.

Bioreactor with floating dome

The disadvantage of the bell construction of the biogas reactor is the impossibility of mixing the substrate and heating it during the cold periods of the year. Also a negative factor is a strong smell, and the antisanitarian due to the open surface of the substrate.

In addition, part of the resulting gas will destroy the atmosphere, polluting the environment. Therefore, these bioreactors are used only in handicraft biogas plants in poor countries with a hot climate.

Another example of a bioreactor with a floating dome

For the sake of preventing environmental pollution and eliminating the unpleasant smell, reactors of biogas settings for home and large industries have a fixed dome design. The form of construction during the gas formation process does not matter, but with the use of a cylinder with a roof in the form of the dome, a significant savings of building materials are achieved. Bioreactors with a fixed dome are supplied with nozzles to add new portions of biomass and selection of the exhaust substrate.

A variety of bioreactor with a fixed dome

Main types of biogas installations

Since the most acceptable is the design with a fixed dome, most of the prepared solutions of bioreactors have this type. Depending on the loading method, bioreactors have a different design and are divided into:

• Portion, with one-time loading of the entire biomass, and followed by complete unloading after the development of raw materials. The main disadvantage of this type of bioreactors is the unevenness of gas release during the recycling of the substrate;
• continuous loading and unloading of raw materials, which achieves uniform biogas selection. Thanks to the design of the bioreactor during loading and unloading, the production of biogas does not stop and does not occur, because the nozzles for which the addition and removal of biomass is performed, are made in the form of a hydraulic assembly that prevents gas flowing.

Example of portion bioreactor

Portioning biogas reactors can have any design that prevents gas leakage. So, for example, in the time of the Australia, channel metaantans with an elastic inflated arch were popular, where a small overpressure inside the bioreactor inflated a bubble of durable polypropylene. When a certain level of pressure is reached inside the bioreactor, the compressor, pumping the produced biogas, was turned on.

Channel bioreactors with elastic Gazagolder

The type of fermentation in this biogas installation may be mesophilic (with a weak heated). Due to the large area of \u200b\u200bthe inflating dome, channel bioreactors can only be installed in heated rooms, or in regions with a hot climate. The advantage of the design is the lack of need for an intermediate receiver, but a large disadvantage is the vulnerability of the elastic dome to mechanical damage.

Large channel bioreactor with elastic gazgolder

Recently, the popularity of portion bioreactors with a dry fermentation of manure without adding water to the substrate is gaining popularity. Since the manure has its own humidity, it will be enough for the vital activity of organisms, although the intensity of the reactions will decrease.

Dry type bioreactors have a hermetic garage with tightly closing doors. Biomass is loaded into the reactor using the front loader and remains in such a state until the complete gas formation cycle (about six months) is completed, and the adding the substrate and its mixing is required.

Portion bioreactor with loading through hermetically closing door

Biogas installation do-it-yourself

It should be noted that most bioreactors are usually sealed only the gas formation zone, and the liquid biomass at the inlet and outlet remains under atmospheric pressure. Excessive pressure inside the bioreactor displaces part of the liquid substrate into the nozzles, which is why the biomass levels in them are slightly higher than inside the tank.

Red lines on the diagram indicated the difference in levels in the bioreactor and nozzles

The design data of homemade bioreactors are popular among folk masters, which independently make biogas installations with their own hands for home, allowing reusable manual loading and unloading substrate. In the manufacture of bioreactors, with their own hands, many masters put experiments with completely hermetic capacities, applying several rubber chambers from tires of large vehicles as a gas producer.

Figure Gazgolder made from tractor cameras

On the video below the enthusiast of self-made biogas production on the example of barrels filled with bird litter, proves the possibility of real production of combustible gas at home, processing waste from the poultry house into useful fertilizer. The only thing that can be added to the design described in this video is that it is necessary to put a pressure gauge and safety valve on the homemade bioreactor.

Calculations of bioreactor productivity

The amount of biogas is determined by the mass and quality of the used raw materials. On the Internet, you can find tables where the number of waste produced by various animals is indicated, but the owners who have to remove manure every day, this theory of anything, since they thanks to their own practice know the number and mass of the future substrate. Based on the availability of renewable stocks of raw materials, it is possible to calculate the required amount of bioreactor and daily biogas production.

Table of obtaining the amount of manure from some animals with an approximate calculation of biogas

After the calculations and the approved structure of the bioreactor can be proceeding to its construction. The material can serve as reinforced concrete container, flooded in the ground, or brickwork, sealed with a special coating, which are treated with pools.

It is also possible to build the main capacity of the home biogas plant from iron, covered with anti-corrosion material. Small industrial bioreactors often make from chemically resistant plastic tanks of large volumes.

Construction of a bioreactor of brickwork

In industrial biogas installations, electronic control systems and various reagents are used to correct the chemical composition of the substrate and its level of acidity, and special substances are added to biomass - enzymes and vitamins, stimulating the reproduction and livelihood of microorganisms inside the bioreactor. In the course of development of microbiology, increasingly sustainable and effective strains of methanogen bacteria are created, which can be purchased from biogas manufacturing companies.

From the graph, it can be seen that with the use of enzymes The maximum yield of biogas comes twice as fast

The need for pumping and cleaning biogas

Permanent gas generation in the bioreactor of any design leads to the need to pump biogas. Some primitive biogas plants can burn the resulting gas directly in the burner installed nearby, but the instability of overpressure in the bioreactor can lead to the disappearance of the flame, followed by the emission of a poisonous gas. The use of such a primitive biogas plant connected to the stove is categorically unacceptable due to the possibility of poisoning with poisonous components of crude biogas.

The flame burner when burning biogas should be clean, smooth and stable

Therefore, virtually any biogasic installation scheme includes capacity storage tanks and a cleaning system. A water filter can be applied as a self-made cleaning complex, and a self-made container filled with a metal chips, or to purchase professional filtering systems. The tank for temporary storage of biogas can be made of chambers from tires, of which gas from time to time is pumped up with a compressor into standard propane cylinders for storing and subsequent use.

In some African countries for storing and transporting biogas use inflatable gas pillings in the form of a pillow

As an alternative to the mandatory use of Gazgolder, you can perceive an improved bioreactor with a floating dome. Improvement consists in the addition of a concentric partition that forms a water pocket, acting like a hydraulic assembly and not allowing the contact of biomass with air. The pressure inside the floating dome will depend on its weight. Walking gas through the cleaning system and gearbox, it can be used in the household stove, periodically blending from the bioreactor.

Bioreactor with floating dome and water pocket

Grinding and mixing substrate in bioreactor

The mixing of biomass is an important component of the biogas formation process, providing bacteria access to nutrients, which can be knocked out in the room at the bottom of the bioreactor. So that biomass particles are better mixed in the bioreactor, they need to be chopped by mechanical or manually before downloading to methantank. Currently, three methods of mixing substrate are used in industrial and self-made biogas installations:

1. mechanical stirrers operated by an electric motor or manually;
2. circulating mixing using a pump or propeller pumping the substrate inside the bioreactor;
3. barbage mixing with the help of purge already available biogram liquid biomass. The disadvantage of this method is the formation of foam on the surface of the substrate.

The arrow is indicated by stirring circulation screw in a homemade bioreactor

Mechanical stirring of the substrate inside the bioreactor can be done manually, or automatically, by turning on the electric motor using the electronic timer. The hydrogen or bubbage mixing of biomass can be carried out only with the help of electric motors managed by manually or using a software algorithm.

In this bioreactor, a mechanical stirring device has been installed

Heated substrate in mesophilic and thermophilic biogas installations

Optimal for gas formation is the substrate temperature in the range of 35-50ºC. To maintain this temperature, various heating systems can be installed in the bioreactor - water, steam, electrical. Temperature control should be carried out using a thermaller or thermocouple connected to the actuator regulating the heating of a bioreactor.

It should also be remembered that the open flame will overheat the walls of the bioreactor, and inside its biomass will be burned. The burnt substrate will lower the heat transfer and the quality of heating, and the chipped wall of the bioreactor will quickly collapse. One of the best options is a water heating from the reverse pipe of the home heating system. You need to install a system of electrical valves to disable the heating of the bioreactor or connecting the heating of the substrate directly from the boiler if it is too cold.

Electric and water heating system of bioreactor

Heated substrate in the bioreactor with the help of the TEN will be beneficial only if there is an alternative electricity obtained from the wind generator or solar panels. In this case, the tanes can be connected directly to the generator or the battery, which will exclude the expensive voltage converters from the scheme. To reduce heat loss and reduce the cost of heating the substrate in the bioreactor, it is necessary to be ashanded as much as possible using different insulation.

Bioreactor insulation with thermal insulation material

Practical experiments, inevitable when building biogas plants with their own hands

How many literature did not read the novice enthusiast of independent biogas production, and no matter how many videos would have revised, in practice, much will have to know the results, and the results will usually be far from settlement.

Therefore, many beginner masters go along the path of independent experiments to obtain biogas, starting with small tanks, determining how much gas from the existing raw material gives his small experimental biogas installation. Prices for components, methane yield and future expenditures on the construction of a full-fledged working biogas plant will determine its profitability and feasibility.

In the video above, the Master demonstrates the capabilities of its biogas plant, checking how much biogas will get for one day. In its case, when downloading to the compressor receiver, an eight atmospheres, the volume of the resulting gas after recalculations, taking into account the volume of capacity 24l, will be about 0.2 m².

This volume of biogas obtained from a two-toll barrel is not significant, but, as shown in the next video of this master, this amount of gas is enough for an hour of burning one burner plate (15 minutes multiplied by four atmospheres of a cylinder, which is twice the receiver).

In another video below, the master tells about obtaining biogas and biologically pure fertilizers by processing in the biogasic installation of organic waste. It should be borne in mind that the value of environmental fertilizers may exceed the cost of the obtained gas, and then the biogas will become a useful side effect of the process of manufacturing quality fertilizers. Another beneficial property of organic raw materials is the possibility of its storage for a certain period for use at the right time.

infoelectrik.ru.

Biogas with your own hands: Technology for obtaining alternative fuel from biological waste

Mankind is actively trying to master renewable energy sources actively trying to develop renewable energy sources.

Along with the sun and wind power plants, plants appeared to obtain gaseous fuels from organic waste, called biogas.

A wonderful feature of this technology is its simplicity: anyone can realize it on a small scale. So, biogas do it yourself - this is what the conversation will go.

If we have the appearance of solar panels and wind generators, we are obliged to discover scientists, then in the case of biogas, I did not have to invent anything - everything did it myself. This type of fuel is a product of the vital activity of special bacteria, which are generalizedly called hydrolysis, acid-forming and methane-forming.

By the title it is not difficult to guess about the main component of biogas - it is methane, which is also contained in natural gas. In Biogas, it accounts for 60% of the total volume. About three (35%) is carbon dioxide, the remaining 5% are other gases, for example, hydrogen sulfide.

Biogas scheme

Where do these wonderful microorganisms come from? They are a natural microflora living in the intestine of cattle and decomposing its contents. These bacteria are outlined along with the manure that is used to refuel the new gas generator unit.

When the microbes are settled on a new place of residence, their "menus" can be diversified by other waste. Any organic can be consolidated: the excrement of other animals and birds, plants and sawdust, the waste of the food industry. All this is being fermented with biogas formation. In this case, the raw material turns into a valuable fertilizer.

The prerequisite for the vital activity of methanogen and other bacteria is the lack of air access (such microorganisms are called anaerobic).

Factors affecting biogas production

The volume of biogas microbase produced by a friendly command under different conditions may vary and depends on a number of factors.

View of raw materials

Most biogas can be obtained from the waste industries containing sugar and a large amount of fats. The least advantageous type of raw materials is the manure of cattle.

Manure - raw materials for biogas

Temperature

With increasing temperature, the capacity of bacteria increases. According to the temperature regime, gas generators are divided into three types.

Psycho

These are installations without heating, in which the temperature is maintained from 18 to 25 degrees. Currently almost do not apply.

Mesophilic

Thanks to heating, the temperature regime is maintained from 25 to 40 degrees.

Advantages:

• low energy consumption;
• the amino acid composition of fertilizers is the most useful as possible.

Disadvantages:

• relatively low biogas performance;
• the absence of a disinfecting effect (in the raw materials contains pathogenic bacteria, which should be rid of).

Thermophilic

Intense heating is used, the temperature exceeds 40 degrees.

Advantages:

• high performance;
• die pathogenic bacteria die.

Disadvantages:

• high energy consumption;
• low quality fertilizer.

Thermophilic bioreactor on manure

For each type of raw material, there is an optimal temperature regime. Why not just warm up the reactor to the maximum possible temperature? For two reasons:

• because of the growth, the energy consumption decreases the profitability of the installation;
• with increasing temperature, the amount of free ammonia increases.

The latter dependence leads to the braking of gas generation (this gas is toxic for bacteria).

Metabolism and freedom of movement

The raw material should be sufficiently discharged so that the microbes and bubbles of gas could move in it. To do this, the installation is attached to the hot water, bringing the load moisture to 85% in winter and up to 92% in the summer.

So that there are better metabolic processes in the reactor, its contents need from time to time (approximately every 4 to 6 hours) mix.

Fermentation time

If the raw material is unloaded before the deadline, the bacteria will not have time to compensate for the loss in the number and the performance of their colonies will fall.

With an over-long exposure, the performance is also reduced due to lack of nutrients.

On average, the optimal fermentation time is:

• for a psychroell mode: 30 - 40 days or more;
• for mesophilic: 10 - 20 days;
• for thermophile: 5 - 10 days.

Acid Alkaline Balance

The greatest productivity is observed at pH values \u200b\u200bfrom 6.5 to 8.5 (depends on raw materials).

Carbon and nitrogen ratio

The optimal value is again dependent on raw materials. Carbon should be every 10 - 20 more than nitrogen.

Comparison of biogas with more traditional fuels

To the strengths of this technology include the following:

1. Raw materials used to obtain biogas is an inexhaustible resource and costs free.
2. The biogas energy is not tied to a specific place - raw materials for installation will be found in any region.
3. Wide scope of application: Biogas can act as a source of heat, electricity and motor fuel.

At the cost of construction (3-4 thousand euros per each kW of power), biogas plants are between atomic (5 thousand euros per 1 kW) and coal (2 thousand euros per 1 kW) stations.

Installation for biogas

In practice, it is proved: the more installation power, the cheaper the energy produced with its help is. Also, profitability depends on the type of raw materials used.

Scheme of biogas production organization at home

When building a gas generator with a capacity of over 10 MW, working on food waste, you will have to spend about 2 thousand euros per each kW of power; At the same time, an installation with a capacity of up to 1 MW, which uses cow manure as a raw material, will cost 7 thousand euros per 1 kW.

The unit consists of several technological nodes.

Reactor

It is a solid reinforced concrete container with several technological holes. The reactor should be sealed so that the air does not fall into its inner space.

Biomass feed system

For loading raw materials, the installation is equipped with a hopper. Waste is served here manually or with the help of a conveyor.

Also, a pipe with hot water is supplied to the reactor.

Mixer

The blades for stirring are fixed on a vertical shaft, the shank of which comes out through the compacted hole in the reactor lid.

The device is driven by an electric motor by means of a gear gear.

Turning on the electric motor can be done manually or automatically.

Automated heating system

Heating is installed at the bottom of the reactor. Coolant can serve water or electricity. The inclusion of heating elements is carried out by a thermostat configured for a certain temperature.

Gazgolder

This is a container in which the biogas applies to the reactor.

Separator

As mentioned above, biogas is a mixture of various gases. The separator allows you to separate methane from impurities for subsequent feed to the consumer.

Simplest biogas installation do-it-yourself for home

The homemade biogasogenerator, of course, is inferior according to the characteristics of expensive installations of factory manufacture, but it will require significantly smaller initial costs.

For its construction, you will need:

• reinforced concrete rings;
• steel bunker;
• the massive cover of steel or reinforced concrete (a known case is known when a heavy bell was applied as a cover);
• pipelines for water supply and finished product.

The volume of the reactor must exceed the load of 1.5 times.

Installation scheme

In the simplest performance, the gas generator is not equipped with heating and mixing device. The construction of the installation is carried out in the following sequence:

1. It turns out the pitiful dimensions, the bottom of which is concreted.
2. In the Kotlovan, they lower one after another a few w / b-rings, forming a cylindrical tank from them. All joints should be sealed with bitumen mastic.
3. Concrete container is covered with thermal insulation and waterproofing, after which they embark on the pita.
4. The cover with a tightly closing loading hatch is placed on top of the reactor. During fermentation of raw materials in the reactor, high pressure is formed, so the lid for reliability can be fixed with cables. It will not be further installed in it a safety valve with a counterweight in the form of weights.
5. Bunker must be attached to the boot hatch.
6. It remains to connect pipelines to the reactor. At the same time, a hydraulicum should be installed on the line of disgracing the finished product.

Biomass is prepared as follows:

• 3 parts of the cow manure and 7 parts of the rotten residues rotted - vegetable crops, leaves, cleaning, etc.
• The resulting mixture must be diluted with water, thereby lifting its humidity up to 60% - 70%.

In order to increase productivity, you can apply a more advanced installation scheme, including water heating. The heat generator will be a water-heating boiler operating on a fuel installed.

Biogas installation do-it-yourself - drawing

When loading raw materials, it is enough to warm up to 35 degrees, after which its temperature as a result of fermentation will rise to 70 degrees.

As practice has shown, the 5-ton loading of biomass allows for 6 months to receive a daily average of about 40 cubic meters. m gaseous fuel.

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microklimat.pro.

Biogas installation for a private house with your own hands: Recommendations on the device and an example of homemade arrangement

The wedding owner dreams of cheap energy resources, effective waste disposal and fertilizer. Home biogas installation with your own hands is an inexpensive way to realize dreams in reality. An independent assembly of such equipment will cost a reasonable money, and the produced gas will be a good help in the farm: it can be used for cooking, home heating and other needs.

What is needed to obtain biogas

Biogas is formed as a result of fermentation of the biological substrate. It is decomposed by hydrolysis, acids and methane-forming bacteria. The mixture of gases generated by bacteria is obtained, because Contains a large percentage of methane.

In its properties, it is practically no different from natural gas, which is used for industrial and domestic needs.

If desired, each owner of the house can acquire a biogasic installation of industrial manufacture, but it is expensive, and attachments pay off within 7-10 years. Therefore, it makes sense to make efforts and make a bioreactor with your own hands.

Biogas is environmentally friendly fuel, and the technology of its production does not have a special impact on the environment. Moreover, life waste, which needs recycling, is used as biogas raw materials. They are placed in a bioreactor where processing is recycling:

• For some time, biomass is exposed to bacteria. The fermentation period depends on the volume of raw materials.
• As a result of the activities of anaerobic bacteria, a combustible mixture of gases is distinguished, which includes methane (60%), carbon dioxide (35%) and some other gases (5%). Also in fermentation in small quantities, potentially dangerous hydrogen sulfide is distinguished. He is poisonous, so it is extremely undesirable that people are exposed to.
• A mixture of gases from the bioreactor is cleaned and enters a gas grolder, where it is stored until the moment of use in the intended purpose.
• Gazgolder gas can be used in the same way as natural. It enters household appliances - gas furnaces, heating boilers, etc.
• Descisive biomass must be regularly removed from the enzymator. These are additional labor costs, however efforts pay off. After fermentation, the raw material turns into a high-quality fertilizer, which is used on the fields and gardens.

The biogas plant is beneficial for the owner of a private house only if he has constant access to the waste of animal farms. On average of 1 m.Kub. The substrate can be obtained 70-80 MK. biogas, but gas generation is uneven and depends on many factors, incl. Biomass temperatures. This complicates the calculations.

Biogas plants are ideal for farms. Animal life waste can give enough gas for full heating of residential premises and household buildings

In order for the process of producing gas to be stable and continuous, it is best to build several biogas settings, and the substrate in the enzymators lay with the time difference. Such installations operate in parallel, and the raw materials are loaded in succession. This ensures permanent gas production, so that it is possible to achieve its continuous receipt to household appliances.

Ideally, the bioreactor must be heated. Every 10 degrees of heat increase the production of gas halve. Although the improvement of heating requires investments, it pays off greater design efficiency.

Homemade biogas equipment, assembled from undergraduate materials, is much cheaper than industrial production plants. Its effectiveness is lower, but fully corresponds to the invested means. If there is access to manure and desire to make your own efforts to build and maintain construction, it is very profitable.

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

The biogas plants have a lot of advantages, but there are enough flaws, so before starting the design and construction, we should weigh everything:

• Recycling. Thanks to the biogasic installation, you can get a maximum benefit from garbage, from which it would still have to get rid of. This utilization is less dangerous to the environment than the injection of waste.
• Renewability of raw materials. Biomass is not coal and not natural gas, the extraction of which depletes resource reserves. During agriculture, raw materials appear constantly.
• Relative small amount of CO2. When obtaining gas, the environment is not contaminated, but when it is used, a small amount of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. It is not dangerous and not able to critically change the environment, because It absorbs plants in the process of growth.
• Moderate sulfur selection. When combustion of biogas, a small amount of sulfur falls into the atmosphere. This is a negative phenomenon, but its scale is known in comparison: when burning natural gas, environmental pollution by sulfur oxides is much larger.
• Stable work. Biogas production is more stable than the operation of solar panels or windmills. If the energy and wind energy cannot be controlled, the biogas plants depend on human activity.
• You can use multiple settings. Gas is always risks. To reduce potential damage in the event of an accident, you can dispersed on a plot of several biogas settings. If you correctly design and assemble a system of several enzymors, it will work more stable than one large bioreactor.
• Benefits for agriculture. Some plant types are planted for biomass. You can choose those that improve the condition of the soil. For example, sorghum reduces soil erosion, improves its quality.

Biogas has disadvantages. Although it is relatively pure fuel, it still pollutes the atmosphere. Problems may also arise with the supply of plant biomass. The irresponsible owners of the installations often produce it in such a way that the land is depleted and violated the ecological balance.

How to calculate the profitability of the installation

A cow manure is usually used as a raw material for biogas. One adult cow can give it so much to provide 1.5 MK. fuel; Pig - 0.2 m.Kub.; Chicken or crown (depending on body weight) - 0.01-0.02 M.Kub. To understand, a lot is or not enough, you can compare with more familiar resources.

1 m.Kub. Biogas provides the same amount of thermal energy as:

• firewood - 3.5 kg;
• coal - 1-2 kg;
• electricity - 9-10 kW / h.

If you know the approximate weight of agricultural waste, which will be available over the coming years, and the number of energy required, it is possible to calculate the profitability of the biogas plant.

One of the main drawbacks of biogas production is the smell. The possibility of using small compost puchs is a big plus, but you have to endure inconvenience and carefully monitor the process to not provoke the spread of pathogens microorganisms.

To bookmark the bioreactor prepare the substrate, which includes several components in such proportions:

• manure (best cow or pork) - 1.5 tons;
• organic waste (these may be overloaded leaves or other components of plant origin) - 3.5 tons;
• water heated to 35 degrees (the amount of warm water is calculated so that its mass is 65-75% of the total amount of organics).

The calculation of the substrate is made for one bookmark for half a year, if proceeding from moderate gas consumption. After about 10-15 days, the fermentation process will give the first results: the gas will appear in small quantities and starts filling the storage. After 30 days, you can expect full fuel generation.

Equipment for the production of biogas is not yet particularly common in our country. This is largely due to poor awareness of people about the advantages and features of the operation of biogas systems. In China and India, many small farms are equipped with handicraft installations to obtain additional pure fuels.

If the installation works correctly, the volume of biogas will gradually increase until the substrate overloads. The design performance directly depends on the rate of fermentation of the biomass, which in turn is associated with the temperature and humidity of the substrate.

Instructions for independent construction

If there is no experience in the assembly of complex systems, it makes sense to pick up on the network or develop the easiest drawing of biogas installation for a private house.

The easier the design, the more reliable and longer. Later, when construction and handling skills appear, it will be possible to remake the equipment or mount an additional installation.

In expensive industrial design structures, biomass mixing systems, automatic heating, gas purification, etc. are provided. Household equipment is not so difficult. It is better to collect a simple installation, and then add elements in which it will be necessary

When calculating the volume of the enzymator, it is worth navigating at 5 oscham. Such an installation allows you to obtain the amount of gas required for the heating of a private house with an area of \u200b\u200b50 m.kv, if a gas boiler or a furnace is used as a heat source. This is averaged indicator, because The calorie content of biogas is usually not higher than 6000 kcal / m.Kub.

So that the fermentation process proceeds more or less stable, you need to achieve the correct temperature regime. For this, the bioreactor is installed in the earthenware or think over a predetermined thermal insulation. Standing substrate heating can be ensured, if under the foundation of the enzymator, we bring the pipe water heating

The construction of the biogas installation can be divided into several stages.

Stage 1: Pit preparation for bioreactor

Almost all the biogasic installation is underground, therefore much depends on how the pit is separated and finished. There are several options for strengthening the walls and sealed pit - plastic, concrete, polymer rings.

The intensity of the substrate fermentation and gas yield depends on the preparation of the walls and the bottom of the bioreactor, so the pit is thoroughly strengthened, insulated and sealed. This is the most difficult and time-consuming stage of work.

The optimal solution is to buy ready-made polymer rings with a deaf bottom. They will cost more than girlfriend, but no additional sealing will be required. Polymers are sensitive to mechanical loads, but moisture and chemically aggressive substances are not afraid. They are not refundable, but if necessary, they will easily replace them.

Stage 2: Gas drainage arrangement

Purchase and installation of special mixers for biogas installations - expensive pleasure. The system can be reduced, having equipped gas drainage. It is vertically installed polymer sewer pipes in which a variety of holes have been done.

For gas drainage, you can choose metal or polymer pipes. The first stronger, and the second more stable to chemical influences. It is better to give preference to polymers, because Metal quickly rusts and rotates

When calculating the length of the drainage pipes, it is necessary to focus on the planned depth of filling the bioreactor. The tops of the pipes should be higher than this level.

Stage 3: Arrangement of the insulating layer

You can immediately load the substrate at the finished bioreactor. It is covered with a film so gas released in the fermentation process is under low pressure. When the dome is ready, it will provide a normal flow of biomethane by the discharge pipe.

Stage 4: Installation of dome and pipes

The final stage of assembling the simplest biogas plant is the installation of the dome-up part. At the highest point of the dome, the gas trap is installed and stretch it to the Gazgolder.

The free space of the bioreactor to some extent performs the functions of the gas repository, however, this is not enough for the safe operation of the installation. Gas should be consumed constantly, otherwise an explosion from overpressure under the dome is possible.

The container of the bioreactor is closed with a dense cover. To prevent mixing biomethane with air, it is equipped with a hydraulic machine. It also serves to clean the gas. It is necessary to provide a trigger valve that will work if the pressure in the enzymator is too high.

Two methods of heating bioreactor

Microorganisms, processing the substrate, is constantly in biomass, however, for their intensive reproduction, a temperature of 38 degrees is needed and higher. For heating in a cold period, you can use a serpentine, connected to the home heating system, or electric heaters. The first way is more economically more profitable, so it is more often used.

The easiest way to set up the heated from the bottom, having rouged the pipe from the heating system, but the efficiency of such a heat exchanger is relatively low. It is better to equip the external heating, ideally - ferry so that biomass does not overheat

The biogasic installation is optional to dump in the ground, there are other options for arrangements. An example of the system of the system collected from the barrels is given in the video below.

Video assembly and arrangement of the system

Although there is nothing complicated in the assembly and arrangement of biogas equipment, you need to be extremely attentive to detail. Errors are not allowed, because Can lead to explosions and destruction. We offer video instructions that will help to understand the installation device, to collect them correctly and supplement useful tools for more convenient use of biogas.

The video told how the standard biogasic installation is arranged and working:

An example of a homemade biogas installation. Video tutorial to arrange the system with your own hands:

Video Instrument for the assembly of biogas installation from the barrel:

Description of the manufacturing stirrer manufacturing process:

Detailed description of the work of the self-made gas storage:

No matter how simple the biogas installation selected for the private house should not save on it. If you can, it is better to buy a collapsible bioreactor of industrial production. If not, it is made of high-quality and stable materials: polymers, concrete or stainless steel. This will create a truly reliable and secure gas supply system at home.

soveet-ingenera.com.

How to spend heating in a private house with your own hands

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Farm households are not easy to dispose of manure. It is formed with a surplus, many means have to spend on export and disposal. In small private farms, manure is actively used as free and efficient fertilizer. It turns out that there is a different way of useful use of this raw material that allows us to obtain natural gas.

Many farms today are engaged in the production of biogas from manure, using environmentally friendly technology, allowing to obtain a valuable product. Biomethane from manure is valuable as good quality, therefore applied in many countries.

What is biogas

Biogas from manure is environmentally friendly fuel. According to the characteristics, it is close to natural gas that is extracted from the subsoil of the land in industrial means.

Biogas can be an alternative to conventional fuel, because it is manufactured from the waste of animals and birds, which in excess can be found in any agriculture. With proper processing of raw materials, colorless biogas without a characteristic smell can be obtained, which contains at least 70% methane.

Biogas has good characteristics. One cubic meter of such fuel from the manure produces as much heat as one and a half kg of stone coal.

The advantages of the process

The processing of manure for biogas was engaged in Soviet times. To date, many countries are engaged in this type of industry, as it is profitable, easily and does not represent danger to the environment.

Such an alternative biogas does not need time consuming raw materials for production, the process of its creation is relatively cheap, and toxic substances are not released into the environment.

Of course, manure can be used simply as a fertilizer if the farm has only a few cows. It is much more complicated by major farmers with hundreds of cattle heads, because every year they have to get rid of several tons of manure.

So that the manure has become a quality fertilizer, it must be stored by observing the temperature regime. But it requires extra expenses, because most farmers simply collect it in a certain place, and then export on arable land.

With improper storage, the manure loses almost half of the nitrogen compounds in it and most of the phosphorus, because its performance becomes much worse. In the atmosphere, gas is continuously from manure. Methane gas is distinguished, which worsens the environmental situation.

The latest technologies for obtaining biomethane make it possible to process raw materials in such a way that the biogas obtained does not have a toxic effect for the environment. The biogas distinguishes the incredible amount of energy during combustion, and the heated manure after its use becomes very valuable anaerobic fertilizer.

Technology for receiving biogas

The manufacture of biogas is possible with bacteria, for the vital activity you do not need oxygen. Therefore, for the production of biogas, it is necessary to build sealed containers in which the fermentation of raw materials will occur. The pipes for the discharge are designed in tanks in such a way that the air from the external environment is not able to lean inside.

First, the reservoir is filled with liquid raw materials and increase the temperature to the required mark so that minorganisms start working. Methane rises up from liquid manure, accumulates in special tanks in which the filtering step passes. Then it is collected in gas cylinders. Used manure masses accumulate at the bottom of the tanks, from where they are periodically removed and stored in other places. After pumping out the exhaust fluid, a new manure is applied to the tank.

Temperature functioning of bacteria

Methane may be allocated from manure only when it creates a suitable temperature mode for it. The manure contains different bacteria, which are activated and distinguished biogas at different temperatures and at different speeds:

• Mesophilic bacteria. Start working if the ambient temperature becomes above 30 degrees. Biogas produced very slowly - the products can be collected later by a half months.
• Thermophilic bacteria. For their activation, a temperature is required, equal to 50-65 degrees. Biogas can be collected in three days. Of particular value is sludge - waste of manure after strong heating. This is a useful fertilizer and, most importantly, harmless - any helminths, weed seeds, pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed when heated.
• Another type of thermophilic bacteria surviving when heated to a temperature of 90 degrees is also found. They are additionally included in the manure so that fermentation happened faster.

With a decrease in temperature, all types of bacteria become less active. In a small farm, they usually use mesophylls, because in this case, additional heating is not required. Then the primary biogas can be used for artificial heating of manure and activation of thermophilic bacteria.

The minus storage of raw materials is that it should not be exposed to temperatures. Therefore, in winter it is necessary to take care of the warm room for storage of manure.

Preparation of raw materials for fill to the reactor

As a rule, further enrich the manure with microorganisms is not necessary, as they are already contained in it. All that you need to do is properly prepare a dung solution, monitor the temperature and change the raw materials in the bioreactor on time.

The humidity of the raw material should be at least 90% (according to the consistency as a liquid sour cream). Therefore, before using dry litter (goats, sheep, horses, rabbits) are mixed with water. The manure of the pig breed is not necessary due to the high content of urine in it.

It is also important that manure is homogeneous, without solid particles. The amount of fractions formed at the exit of the biogas depends on the pettyness of fractions. For this reason, inside the equipment there is a constantly working mixer, which destroys the solid crust on the surface of the raw material and interferes with the allocation of methane.

Best for the process is suitable waste with high acidity (pigs and cows). With a decrease in the acidity of the bacterium, they slow down their work, so it is important to find out in the first time, for what time there is a complete processing of one portion of the dung solution, and only then pour it again.

The resulting product contains about seventy percent of methane, one percent of impurities (hydrogen sulfide and some volatile elements) and a little less than thirty percent of carbon dioxide.

Use it as fuel can only be cleansing from impurities. Hydrogen sulfide compounds are cleaned with special filters. This must be done for the reason that such a substance, forming an acid with water, speeds up the processes of corrosion of metals, pipes, tank and the entire biogas plant, if it is metallic.

Carbon dioxide also needs to be removed from fuel, but it requires a lot of time:

• First of all, the biogas is compressed at a strong pressure.
• Water is sent to the container, in which the admixture is dissolved.

If the biogas is produced on a huge scale, then cleaning produce lime, activated carbon and special filters.

Reducing the content of moisture

At this stage, cleaning raw materials are carried out in different ways.

The first method is similar to the work of the moonshine. Biogas are directed up cold tubes. Water goes into condensate and flows down the tube down, while methane is sent to the tank for further storage.

Another method - use of the hydraulic. The resulting biogas is mixed with water where all impurities remain. This method requires less time to clean, as water relieves from excess fluid, and from unnecessary elements.

For the manufacture of an installation near farms, the construction is best suited, which will later easily disassemble and transfer to another territory. The main equipment of the entire installation is a bioreactor - a container for filling the manure and its fermentation. Large enterprises use 50 cubic meters tanks.

Small private farms instead of tanks use the reservoir underground. It is laid out by brick in the dug pit. For tightness and strength, everyone is fixed with cement mass. The volume depends on the number of manure-generated daily.

For ground-based installation, plastic, metal or polyvinyl chloride tanks can be used.

Installations can be both automated (in them the whole process occurs without the participation of a person), and mechanical (pumping out, topping raw materials, take the biogas, follow pressure and temperature it is necessary).

In a small farm, it is desirable to use electric pumps, stirrers, shredders, which will prevent the appearance of a crust on the surface of the manure and cleaning of waste from waste.

The most important rule is the absence of oxygen in the reactor. If it is present, an explosion may occur.

In order for the reactor cover does not reduce high pressure, counterweight, protective gaskets between tanks and lids.

The tank should never be absolutely full. Preferably to leave the fifth part of its volume.

On the plot before installing the equipment you need:

• choose the right place (preferably as far as possible from the residential building)
• calculate the daily volumes of the manure
• select location for pipes (shipping, loading, condensing moisture)
• find a place for waste
• digging boothe
• purchase a tank capacity and consolidate it on the bottom of the pit
• seat all the place of joints
• describe a hatch for inspecting the reactor (between the hatch and the reactor be sure to put the gasket)

If the installation occurs in a cold climate, then it is necessary to think through the methods of its heating.

The final stage of the construction is considered to check equipment for tightness.

Calculation of the amount of gas

On average, ton of manure will provide the owner of a hundred cubic meters of biogas. In order to calculate the amount of biogas obtained, you must multiply the daily mass of manure from each cattle by the number of animals.

Naturally, different animals and birds give a different number of manure:

• birds (first of all, chickens) - 150-170 g per day
• cow - 34-36 kg
• goat - 900 - 1100 g
• horse - 14-16 kg
• sheep - 900 - 1100 g
• pig - 4-6 kg

The manure of pigs and cows gives a greater amount of fuel. The amount of biogas released can be increased if it is possible to add to a mixture of millet, the beets, swamp plants, algae or corn (the presence of chlorophyll in biomass improves methane selection).

Biomass waste after gas production

Formed after heating of manure, the sludge is used everywhere in agriculture in the form of fertilizers.

Food carbon dioxide usually strive to clean, but when it dissolves it in water, a useful liquid is obtained.

Full use of biogas products

With the rational use of manure, waste after the formation of biogas may not be at all. For example, carbon dioxide is used as feeding for vegetable crops.

The sludge is also used for boring feeding.

Therefore, if there is a small plant for the production of biogas, it will be useful to install both a bioteplitz, which, by fertilizer and the resulting energy, can work all year round.

Biogas, biogas - increasingly and more often these words are found in the mass media, in conversations of enterprising people. The reason is obvious - the rise in fuel prices
Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, which is formed in the process of anaerobic fermentation of special reactors - methyentes, arranged and managed in such a way as to ensure maximum methane allocation. The energy obtained by burning biogas can reach from 60 to 90% of the one that the source material has. Another advantage of the biomass processing process is that in its waste, it contains significantly less pathogenic microorganisms than in the source material.

Biogas is produced by controlled biomass fermentation in anaerobic conditions.
Biogas can be obtained in biogas installations of various scales. These can be small cleaning and installations to provide an enterprise with its energy and giant centralized energyaries for supplying gas and electricity to the network.
Most of the food industry and agriculture is suitable for biogas, as well as specially grown energy plants. Biogas installations can work both on mono-raw materials and mixtures.
Biogas plants are construction objects consisting of sealed reactors equipped with a complex of supply systems of raw materials, heating, stirring, sewage, air gas and electric.

Biogas - benefit

Biogas Installation - This is the most active cleaning system. Any other cleaning systems consume energy, and not produce.

In addition to ecology, the main benefits are the receipt of biogas and biotrust.

Additional benefits of the biogas plant: production of electricity and heat, receiving biomethane, saving capital expenditures on sewage treatment with new enterprises.

Biogas production makes it possible to prevent methane emissions into the atmosphere. His capture is the best way to prevent global warming.

Principle of biogas installation

The biogas station produces biogas and bio-fobodes by inflexible fermentation from biodewas and energy crops.

An industrial biogas station is a construction object in which the share of equipment is 70-80%. These are closed reactors (methyentes) made of monolithic reinforced concrete or coated steel. The design is modular with a diameter of 24 m and a height of 6 m. With an increase in power, the number of reactors increases.

Liquid bioduses are pumped on the biogas plant with fecal pumping pumps. They fall into a preliminary container, where the mass is mixed, dilution to the necessary humidity and heated to the required temperature.

Biogas exits

Bigase Installation Equipment

Biogas reactor

The biogas reactor consists of panels made of steel with high-quality coating using Elamel high-temperature sintering technology. This coating is durable, resistant to chemical impacts, corrosion and shock-durable. The design provides fast assembly and disassembly.

The advantage of biogas coated steel reactors compared with concrete consists in durability, the absence of the need for formwork, reducing the deadlines, the possibility of year-round construction. Stainless steel hatches, reinforced stirrer cuts, observation windows - everything is calculated taking into account the peculiarities of biogas technology.

An important advantage of a metallic reactor compared to Z.B. It is that it is easily dismantled and recognized by banks as the best key.

Biogase bootloader

Silos or other solid feedstock is supplied directly to the biogas reactor with a screw loader. The bunker is completed with two turbo windows that have a smooth start system, thereby saving electricity and reliable drive operation is guaranteed within 24 hours a day.

Particularly durable design of doped steel with acid-resistant coating allows the aggregates to work at large loads. The use of special scrapers with adjustable knives increases performance. The drive with reliable planetary gearboxes ensures stability of work at maximum loads and torque, and hydraulic damper management ensures cleaning of the turbo engine and conveyor.

Stirrer inclined for biogas installation

Inclined mixers are designed specifically for operation in aggressive conditions inside the biogas reactor. Screws are made using special equipment, which provides millimeter accuracy in the slope of the blades.

Electric drive stirrer Designed for operation in an explosive environment of class 1 and class 2. All parts of the agitator, including the insulating membrane for the drive tube are protected from ultraviolet radiation. A spiral mixer is mounted with an exterior of the wall of the enzymator.

The mixer is supported using two top rivers or optionally on the roll transmission, which allows you to install any angle of inclination. Cardan shaft, screw, and plate made of stainless steel.

Slotted mixer

Submersible stirrers of biogas stations with electrical drive are designed to work in an explosive and at the same time aggressive medium.

The mixer is installed on the mast by mounting the engine to adjust the height of the device. Thanks to the roller guide, the mixer can be seamlessly divered and climb without friction, even if the cable stretches at a small angle.

The gear motor is made of cast iron with spherical graphite and above painted. Screw galvanized, and engine mount is made of stainless steel. The submersible mixer is made in the form of a waterproof monoblock, leading to a three-blade screw.

Heat resistant biogas station

Inside the biogas reactor, a fixed temperature is supported for microorganisms. Temperature in the reactor mesophilic about + 37 ° C. The heating of the reactor is conducted by the coolant. The temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the reactor + 80 ° C. The temperature of the carrier after the reactor is about + 55 ° C.

The heating system is boilers, pumps, heat exchangers, combs. The network of tubes for heating is inside the wall of the reactor, or on its inner surface. If the biogasic installation is equipped with a cogeneration setting, the coolant from the cooling of the generator is used to heat the reactor.

Sources of heat supply of biogas plant facilities can be gas boilers that operate on biogas, on natural gas and mixtures, as well as electric boilers.

Gazgolder bag.

The Magolder material is resistant to arsogue with electric drives under voltage, fireworks, as well as to a breakthrough with metal rods, even hot hot.

Mounted in a special ventilated hangar. The design of the GAGOLDER allows accumulating and retaining the biogas pressure under the film from 0.005-0.01 bar.

The supply of biogas to the Gazgolder is carried out through special nozzles equipped with safety valves in order to avoid overflow.

GasGolder biogas plant

GasGolder - Biogas Storage. It is hermetically attached from top of the reactor. The Gazgolder system has a two-layer design. The outer dome-case has a resistance to ultraviolet radiation and atmospheric precipitation.

The inner dome is tensioning under the action of produced biogas.

Between the external and internal domes, air is pumped to create a pressure on the lower dome, as well as to give the shape external. The pressure of biogas inside the Gazgolder is from 200 to 500 pa. Gazgolder reserve for 2-3 hours of biogas storage.

Separator of the biogas station

The separator is designed to separate the overlooking mass on a solid and liquid fraction and is included in the basic configuration of the installation of biogas. Details of the separator are made of corrosion and wear-resistant steel. The mixture arrives arbitrarily or supplied using a pump through the power supply of the mixture into the loading chamber. From the loader with a screw of an alternating step, made of wear-resistant steel, the mixture is supplied to the separation chamber.

The separation chamber is a cylindrical sieve, also made of wear-resistant steel. In the separation chamber by means of pressing, the liquid and solid fractions are separated. The liquid fraction is merged through the drain fub into the accumulative tank. The solid fraction through the discharge device leaves the separator and accumulates in the storage container.

Torch biogasic installation

The torch installation is designed for temporary or periodic combustion of biogas produced by biogas plants or TWW polygons if there is no usefulness of its useful use as an energy carrier.

The combusting system consists of burner and additional nodes.

The burner is designed according to the principle of injection combustion and consists of a nozzle, an injector with a system of air supply control, flame protection pipe, fitting and burner control systems.

The biogas burning system is made of stainless steel. The carrier design holds a burner and a vertically established fitting.

The burner control system is installed in the closet, which is mounted on the carrier design of the combustion system, and contains all elements to control and control the ignition and flame.

Bigase Installation Options

Cogeneration

The production of electrical and thermal energy in installations based on the internal combustion engine is the most common way to extract benefits from the biogas station. Electricity can be used yearly to be used both their own needs and for submitting to the network for an unregulated or green tariff.

Of 1 m3 biogas, a 2.4 kWh of electrical +2.5 kWh of thermal energy is produced simultaneously.

Advantages of cogeneration plants compared to the analogues:
- oil replacement not 500, and 2000 hours,
- High email. Efficiency up to 40%, sums. CAP EL. + Heat up to 90%,
- Higher reliability.

The power plant is the main part of the biogas station, in it most of all moving parts. The revenue directly depends on this unit and this is what should not save on.

Cleaning to methane

This system allows cleaning (enrichment) of biogas to the state of biomethane. Biomethane is a complete analogue of GOST-NATURAL GAS with a methane concentration within 95-99%. After the gas purification system can be used as motor fuel for refueling vehicles, can be supplied to a general gas supply system into a tube of medium or low pressure or used on technological needs for the complete replacement of natural gas.

A regenerative water enrichment system of biogas is proposed. Its principle of operation is based on the different solubility of gases in the liquid. When biogas passes through cold water, carbon dioxide dissolves in it, and when heated is heated.

The advantage of a water enrichment system of biogas compared to PSA or carbon absorption systems is the low cost of purification of gas. Thanks to the use of water as the main component of this process, no reagents are required for the process or high costs

Drying fertilizer

The drying of the biotherapy makes it possible to more fully use the potential of the biogas station and significantly increase its profitability. Dried biotrements have a higher sales price compared to simply separated biomass. In the dried granular form, fertilizer can be transported at any distance and stored long enough. Two spare products of the biogas station - warmth and raw bio-fobilities can be involved for the production of a sought-after product. Dried bio-fertilizers are comparable to Guano.

Low-temperature conveyor dryer works on a highly efficient method for drying biomass using a low temperature. Small emissions and high-quality final product, with a low consumption level are the advantage of technology. Adjusting the feed rate of the product guarantees the constant humidity of the product of the product and the optimal use of additional thermal energy.

The wedding owner dreams of cheap energy resources, effective waste disposal and fertilizer. Home biogas installation with your own hands is an inexpensive way to realize dreams in reality.

An independent assembly of such equipment will cost a reasonable money, and the produced gas will be a good help in the farm: it can be used for cooking, home heating and other needs.

Let's try to figure out the specifics of the work of this equipment, its advantages and disadvantages. And also whether it is possible to independently build a biogas installation and whether it will be effective.

Biogas is formed as a result of fermentation of the biological substrate. It is decomposed by hydrolysis, acids and methane-forming bacteria. The mixture of gases generated by bacteria is obtained, because Contains a large percentage of methane.

In its properties, it is practically no different from natural gas, which is used for industrial and domestic needs.

If desired, each owner of the house can acquire a biogasic installation of industrial manufacture, but it is expensive, and attachments pay off within 7-10 years. Therefore, it makes sense to make efforts and make a bioreactor with your own hands.

Biogas is environmentally friendly fuel, and the technology of its production does not have a special impact on the environment. Moreover, life waste, which needs recycling, is used as biogas raw materials.

They are placed in a bioreactor where processing is recycling:

• for some time, biomass is exposed to bacteria. The fermentation period depends on the volume of raw materials;
• as a result of the activities of anaerobic bacteria, a combustible mixture of gases is distinguished, which includes methane (60%), carbon dioxide (35%) and some other gases (5%). Also in fermentation in small quantities, potentially dangerous hydrogen sulfide is distinguished. He is poisonous, so it is extremely undesirable that people are exposed to him;
• a mixture of gases from the bioreactor is cleaned and enters a gaspolder, where it is stored until the moment of use is intended;
• gazgolder gas can be used in the same way as natural. It comes to household appliances - gas furnaces, heating boilers, etc.;
• descisive biomass must be regularly removed from the enzymator. These are additional labor costs, however efforts pay off. After fermentation, the raw material turns into a high-quality fertilizer, which is used on the fields and gardens.

The biogas plant is beneficial for the owner of a private house only if he has constant access to the waste of animal farms. On average of 1 m.Kub. The substrate can be obtained 70-80 MK. biogas, but gas generation is uneven and depends on many factors, incl. Biomass temperatures. This complicates the calculations.