Biogas plants for farms, the price depends on the number of components, various parameters characteristic of such devices, varies within 170 thousand rubles.

They work to obtain, as a result of the processing of the final product, environmentally friendly fuel, fertilizers that are produced in the unit, technical structures, devices combined in a single technological cycle are included in its composition.

The biogas installations for the house may be completely replaced by a rural resident expensive energy sources. Economic cataclysms, demand from developers of equipment for agriculture, produce analogues of natural resources in the form of infrident raw materials to reduce the cost of servicing private compounds, farming.

The objectives of farmers are different - some get cheap energy to other important with the help of a small mini installation recycle life waste:

• cattle

As a result of work, biofeements and its own energy source are obtained. In addition, farms have to get rid of various accumulations of household garbage in this, a convenient, universal structure, which gives instead of unnecessary useful products is helped.

Who exploits equipment

Small biogas installations will be useful in modern farms of a rural resident. Larger devices use serious cattle breeders, where it is impossible to exist without units that produce the necessary energy species.

The establishment of the installation on the farm of the private house or a large farm is the accumulation of the organications, as any equipment is needed to be powered.

The world struggles for environmental environment, the most acceptable means for this are the construction of biogas structures, they give clean substances and consume alternative fuel. On this basis, the device was demanding in demand in the farms of our country and abroad.

Standard equipment

Engineers are completing mechanisms different in size. Production depends on the required power, which will be recycled by the unit and issue in exchange. Installation of the standard view consists of the following components:

• cumulative Capacity, in She
• mixers, mills constructively different from each other, they crushed large raw materials fragments
• gazgolder, hermetically closed, gas accumulates here
• reactor in the form of a reservoir where biofuel is formed
• fixtures feeding raw materials in the container
• installations transmitting the resulting fuel from one points to others for subsequent conversion
  Automatic systems protecting controlling production process

The work of the technological cycle is worked out to the smallest details to facilitate the person servicing the unit during the processing period.

How it functions

The efficiency of the units is based on the principle of the effects of bacterial formations of various nature on the organic matter causing fermentation. These processes occur inside the reactor. The decomposition of some products is another substance, it includes:

• methane
• carbon dioxide
• ammonia impurities, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen

The principle of operation consists of the following actions:

• raw materials are supplied to the cumulative capacity
• the material is broken down by pumps, conveyors moved to acidoten, in this capacity of biomass exposed to additional heating
• durable, acid-resistant, tightly closed reactor produces receiving prepared raw materials to be created by biogas

The reactor establishes devices to provide additional heating, within +40 degrees., Stirring substances, create suitable conditions, accelerating the decay and fermentation processes, from which the final product is formed. The rate of processing depends on the capacity of the structure and type of waste.

In the process:

• gas accumulation is carried out in Gazgolders, they are mounted as a separate element or combine together with the case
• the capacity of the reactor collects, after the end of the decomposition procedure transmits to use
• a sufficient pressure is created in the Gazagolder reservoir to move the gas to the cleaning system, in this form it will be applied by the consumer in various fields of activity.
• use for purpose acquire substances for fertilizers after separating them into components in a liquid or solid form, and moving to the accumulative part

Making a decision to start construction should be accompanied by a consideration of the conditions under which biogas plants work with the necessary efficacy.

Main parameters for selection

The poor functionality of devices occurs due to incorrect planning. Errors can be seen immediately or after a while. Careful and comprehensive research is achieved by the exclusion of equipment failure. Start the procedure after determining the presence of raw material and how much it is necessary for the normal existence of energy tools.

The reactor and its size affects:

• number of recycling
• quality material
• raw material
• temperature mode
• fermentation period

In practice, in a particular farm, attention should be paid to the following points:

• daily loading of materials in a reactor size ratio
• the volume of the container in which waste recycling occurs
• calculate the yield of products
• the possibility of balancing between the result and actual consumption

Before mounting equipment to make a choice:

• the most optimal place to install
• models suitable by constructive features

The main criteria to be based on a constructive choice is the place and determination of an underground or ground construction. In addition, when the design device is at the top, you should decide how to install the reactor in a vertical or horizontal position.

In buildings on the site store bio-fobties or in pits, metal barrels. Costs will reduce finished parts of the installation if they are in the farm. The accumulation of materials determine the dimensions and forms of tanks in which they are mixed, as well as what a reactor is needed, devices for heating substances, crushing and mixing.

The selected reactor design must match:

• practical
• simplicity in service
• gas and waterproof to eliminate leaks and save gas in full

A prerequisite for effective performance is the presence of high-quality thermal insulation. Reduce construction costs and thermal losses can be minimal surface areas.

The construction must respond stability, to withstand loads from pressure:

• raw materials

The installations are equipped in the following best of the most optimal forms:

• egg-shaped
• cylindrical
• conical
• semicircular

It is not recommended to equip square forms of concrete or bricks. Raw materials puts pressure on the corners, which there are cracks, violate the processes occurring inside, solid accumulating fragments. It is better to roam materials, no dried surfaces appear in structures with internal partitions.

The best materials for the construction are:

• Steel - in these containers can be achieved absolute tightness, they can be easily made, they withstand the load. The problem is increased corrosion exposure. To prevent rust, surface surface. If the farm has a metal tank, its quality should be checked from all sides. Get rid of flaws.
• Plastic - reservoirs from this material are released soft and solid. The first option is less suitable, as damage is easily applied, it is difficult to insulate. Tanks made of solid plastic are stable, do not rust.
• Concrete use some developing countries. They do not have restrictions in operation, special coatings can get rid of cracks from the appearance.
• Brick use India and China. For this, only well-burnt products are used or walls from concrete blocks, stone.

By installing equipment from concrete, brick or stone, it is necessary to take care of the inner refractory finish, resistant to organichea and hydrogen sulfide.

To the location of the structure should be taken with a special seriousness, foreseen factors:

• free Square
• distance from housing
• storage
• location of cows, pigsties, poultry houses
• groundwater
• convenient download, unloading materials

Reactors place:

• on the surface with the foundation
• plunge into the primer
• install inside farm

Devices acting with the help of a chemical, biological reaction are equipped with hatches through which periodic repairs are carried out. Rubber gasket provide sealing when they close the lid. The heat insulation is necessary to perform work regardless of the season.
Heat the construction with girlfriend with layered processing of internal surfaces.

The rise in energy prices makes think about the possibility of providing themselves by themselves. One option is a biogasic installation. With its help from the manure, litter and plant residues, biogas are obtained, which, after cleaning, can be used for gas devices (plates, boiler), pour into cylinders and use it as fuel for cars or electric generators. In general, the processing of manure to biogas can provide all the needs of the house or farm in the energy resources.

Building a biogas plant - a way of self-securing energy resources

General principles

Biogas is a product that is obtained by decomposition of organic substances. In the process of rotting / fermentation, gases are distinguished by gases that, it is possible to ensure the needs of our own economy. The equipment in which this process occurs call "biogas installation".

The biogas formation process occurs due to the vital activity of various bacteria, which are contained in the waste itself. But in order for them to actively "worked", it is necessary to create certain conditions: humidity and temperature. The biogasic installation is built to create them. This is a complex of devices, the basis of which is a bioreactor, in which the decomposition of waste, which is accompanied by gas formation.

There are three modes for processing manure to biogas:

• Psychoflex mode. The temperature in the biogas unit from + 5 ° C to + 20 ° C. Under such conditions, the decomposition process is slow, the gas is formed far, its quality is low.
• Mesophilic. At this mode, the installation extends at a temperature of + 30 ° C to + 40 ° C. In this case, the mesophilic bacteria is actively multiplied. Gaza at the same time is formed more, the processing process takes less time - from 10 to 20 days.
• Thermophilic. These bacteria are multiplied at temperatures from + 50 ° C. The process goes faster than (3-5 days), the gas yield is the largest (under ideal conditions with 1 kg of zoom, you can get up to 4.5 liters of gas). Most reference tables on gas output from processing are given precisely for this mode, so when using other modes it is worth making an adjustment to a smaller way.

The most difficult in biogas installations is implemented by thermophilic mode. It requires high-quality thermal insulation of the biogas plant, heating and temperature control system. But at the output we get the maximum amount of biogas. Another feature of thermophilic processing is the impossibility of tickets. The remaining two modes are psychofil and mesophilic - allow you to add a fresh portion of the prepared raw materials daily. But, with thermophilic mode, a small period of processing allows you to divide the bioreactor into zones in which your share of raw materials will be recycled with different downloads.

Bigase Installation Scheme

The basis of the biogas plant is a bioreactor or bunker. It occurs in the process of fermentation, it accumulates the obtained gas. There is also a bunker of loading and unloading, the generated gas is displayed through the pipe inserted into the upper part. Next, the system is improved - its cleaning and increase pressure in the gas pipeline to the worker.

For mesophilic and thermophilic modes, a bioreactor heating system is also needed to access the required modes. For this purpose, gas boilers operating on fuel produced are commonly used. From it, the system of pipelines goes to the bioreactor. These are usually polymer pipes, since they best tolerate finding in an aggressive environment.

Still biogas installation needs a system for mixing the substance. With fermentation at the top, a solid crust is formed, heavy particles are settled down. All this worsens the gas formation process together. To maintain the homogeneous state of the process being processed and mixers are necessary. They can be mechanical and even manual. Can run by timer or manually. It all depends on how the biogasic installation is made. The automated system is more expensive when installing, but requires a minimum of attention during operation.

Biogas installation by type of location can be:

• Overhead.
• Half-breed.
• Buzzled.

More expensive in the installation of beugors - requires a large volume of land. But during operation in our conditions, they are better - it is easier to organize insulation, less heating costs.

What can be recycled

Biogas installation is essentially omnivorous - any organic can be processed. Suitable any manure and urine, plant residues. Negatively affect the process of detergents, antibiotics, chemistry. Their receipt is desirable to minimize, as they kill the flora, which is processed.

The ideal is the manure of CRS, as it contains microorganisms in large quantities. If there are no cows in the farm, when loading the bioreactor, it is desirable to add some part of the litter to check the substrate of the required microflora. Vegetable residues are pre-crushed, bred with water. Plant raw materials and excrement are mixed in the bioreactor. Such "refueling" is processed longer, but at the output with the right mode, we have the greatest product output.

Location

To minimize the cost of organizing the process, it makes sense to position the biogasic installation near the source of waste - near the buildings, which contains a bird or animals. It is desirable to develop a design so that the download occurs in gravity. From the barn or pigsty can be paved under the slope of the pipeline, along which the manure will be checked in the bunker. This significantly facilitates the task of servicing the reactor, and manure cleaning too.

Most appropriate to arrange the biogasic installation so that waste from the farm can come in gravity

Usually buildings with animals are at some distance from the residential building. Because the generated gas will need to transfer to consumers. But to stretch one gas pipe is cheaper and easier than to organize a line for transporting and loading the manure.

Bioreactor

Pretty stringent requirements are presented to capacity for manure processing:

All these biogas construction requirements must be carried out, as they provide security and create normal conditions for processing manure to biogas.

What materials can be done

Resistance to aggressive media is the basic requirement for materials from which the container can be made. The substrate in the bioreactor may have an acidic or alkaline reaction. Accordingly, the material from which the container is made should well transfer various media.

These requests are not so many materials. The first thing that comes to mind is metal. It is durable, from it you can make the capacity of any form. It is good that you can use the finished container - some old tank. In this case, the construction of a biogas plant will take quite a bit of time. The lack of metal - it reacts with chemically active substances and begins to collapse. To neutralize this minus, the metal is covered with a protective coating.

An excellent option is the container of the bioreactor from the polymer. Plastic is chemically neutral, does not rot, not rust. It is only necessary to choose from such materials that endure freezing and heating to sufficiently high temperatures. The walls of the reactor must be thick, desirable reinforced fiberglass. Such containers are not chewed, but they serve for a long time.

Cheaper option - biogas installation with a container of brick, concrete blocks, stone. In order for the mason to withstand high loads, the masonry reinforcement is necessary (in each 3-5 row, depending on the thickness of the wall and material). After the process of the construction of the walls, subsequent multilayer treatment of walls, both from the inside and outside, is required to provide water and gas-irritability. Walls are placed with cement-sand composition with additives (additives) providing the required properties.

Determination of the size of the reactor

The volume of the reactor depends on the selected processing temperature of the manure to biogas. Mesophilic is most often selected - it is easier to maintain it and it assumes the possibility of daily reactor. The production of biogas after accessing the normal mode (about 2 days) is stable, without bursts and failures (when creating normal conditions). In this case, it makes sense to calculate the volume of the biogas plant depending on the number of manure generated in the farm per day. Everything is easily calculated, based on the average data.

The expansion of the manure during mesophilic temperatures goes from 10 to 20 days. Accordingly, the volume is calculated by multiplication by 10 or 20. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the amount of water that is necessary to bring the substrate to the ideal state - its humidity must be 85-90%. The total volume is increased by 50%, since the maximum load should not exceed 2/3 by volume of the reservoir - gas should accumulate under the ceiling.

For example, in the economy of 5 cows, 10 pigs and 40 chickens. In essence, 5 * 55 kg + 10 * 4.5 kg + 40 * 0.17 kg \u003d 275 kg + 45 kg + 6.8 kg \u003d 326.8 kg. To bring a chicken litter to a humidity of 85%, it is necessary to add a little more than 5 liters of water (this is 5 kg). Total total mass is 331.8 kg. For processing for 20 days, it is necessary: \u200b\u200b331.8 kg * 20 \u003d 6636 kg - about 7 cubes only under the substrate. The found figure is multiplied by 1.5 (increase by 50%), we get 10.5 cubic meters. This will be the estimated amount of the biogas plant reactor.

Loading and unloading hatches behave directly into the container of the bioreactor. In order for the substrate evenly distributed throughout the area, they make them in opposite ends of the tank.

With a broken method of installing a biogas plant, loading and unloading pipes are suitable for a housing under an acute angle. Moreover, the lower end of the pipe should be below the fluid level in the reactor. Thus, the air from the capacitance is excluded. Also on the pipes are swivel or shut-off valves, which are closed in normal position. They open only at the time of loading or unloading.

Since the manure may contain large fragments (elements of the litter, stems of grass, etc.), small diameter pipes will often be clogged. Therefore, to load-unloads, they must be diameter 20-30 cm. Mounting them is necessary before the start of work on the insulation of the biogas plant, but after the container is installed in place.

The most convenient operation of the biogas installation is with regular loading and unloading substrate. This operation can be carried out once a day or every two days. Manure and other components are pre-assembled in the accumulative capacity, where they are brought to the required states - are crushed, if necessary, moistened and mixed. For convenience in this container can be a mechanical mixer. The prepared substrate is poured into the receiving hatch. If you arrange the receiving capacity in the sun, the substrate will be preheated, which will reduce the cost of maintaining the desired temperature.

The depth of installation of the receiving bunker is desirable to calculate so that the waste has been glad to be in it. The same applies to the unloading into the bioreactor. The best case, if a prepared substrate will move in gravity. And to cut it on the time of preparation will be the damper.

To ensure the tightness of the biogas plant, the hatches on the receiving bunker and in the unloading zone should have a sealing rubber seal. The less will be in the air capacity, the cleaner will be the outlet gas.

Biogas collection and discharge

The biohasis discharge from the reactor occurs through the pipe, one end of which is under the roof, the second is usually omitted into the hydraulic focus. This is a water container in which the biogas obtained is derived. In the hydraulic, there is a second pipe - it is above the level of fluid. It has already cleaned biogas. At the output of their bioreactor, a shut-off gas crane is installed. The best option is a ball.

What materials can be used for gas transfer system? Galvanized metal pipes and gas pipes from PND or PPR. They must ensure tightness, seams and joints are checked using soap foam. The entire pipeline is assembled from the pipes and reinforcement of one diameter. No essentials and extensions.

Purification from impurities

The approximate composition of the biogas obtained is:

• methane - up to 60%;
• carbon dioxide - 35%;
• other gaseous substances (including hydrogen sulfide, gazing an unpleasant smell) - 5%.

In order for biogas to have a smell and burned well, it is necessary to remove carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide from it, water pairs. Removal of carbon dioxide occurs in the hydrotherapy, if it is for the bottom of the installation to add a haired lime. This bookmark will have to be periodically changed (as the gas will burn worse - it's time to change).

Drainage of gas can be done in two ways - by making the hydraulic machines in the gas pipeline - inserting curved areas into the pipe into the pipe, in which condensate will accumulate. The lack of such a method is the need for regular emptying of the hydraulic assembly - with a large number of water collected, it can block the gas passage.

The second way is to put a filter with silica gel. The principle is the same as in the hydraulic manner - the gas is served in silica gel, drained from under the cover. With this method of draining biogas, silica gel has to periodically dry. It is required to warm it for some time in the microwave. It is heated, moisture evaporates. You can fall asleep and use again.

To remove hydrogen sulfide, a filter is used with a loading of metal chips. You can load old metal washcloths into the container. Cleansing occurs exactly: the gas is fed to the bottom of the metal-filled container. Passing, it is cleaned from hydrogen sulfide, going to the upper free part of the filter, where it is shown through another pipe / hose.

GasGolder and compressor

The past was purified by biogas enters the storage capacity - a gas grolder. It can be a sealed polyethylene bag, plastic container. The underlying condition is gas-tight, the form and material do not matter. Biogas stock is stored in the Gazagolder. From it, with the help of a compressor, gas under certain pressure (set by the compressor) arrives already to the consumer - on the gas stove or boiler. This gas can also be used to generate electricity using a generator.

To create a stable pressure in the system after the compressor, it is desirable to install a receiver - a small device for levetling pressure jumps.

Devices for mixing

In order for the biogas installation to work in normal mode, regular mixing of the liquid in the bioreactor is necessary. This simple process solves many tasks:

• mixes a fresh portion of loading with a bowl of bacteria;
• contributes to the release of produced gas;
• lines the fluid temperature, excluding more heated and colder sections;
• supports the uniformity of the substrate, preventing the settlement or ascent of some components.

Usually a small homemade biogas plant has a mechanical stirrer, which are driven by muscular power. In systems with a large volume, the motors that are turned on with a timer can lead in motion.

The second method is to mix the liquid, passing through it a frequent gas. For this, after leaving, the tee is put and part of the gas fall into the lower part of the reactor, where it comes through the pipe with holes. This part of the gas cannot be considered consumption, as it still falls into the system again and, as a result, it turns out in the Gazagolder.

The third mixing method - with the help of fecal pumps to pump the substrate of their lower part, pour it up. The disadvantage of this method is dependent on the availability of electricity.

Heating system and thermal insulation

Without heating the processed clad, psychofilic bacteria will multiply. The processing process in this case will take from 30 days, and the gas outlet will be small. In the summer, in the presence of thermal insulation and preheating load, it is possible to reach temperatures up to 40 degrees, when the development of mesophilic bacteria begins, but in winter such installation is almost inoperable - the processes proceed very sluggish. At temperatures below + 5 ° C, they practically die.

Than to warm and where to locate

To obtain the best results use heated. The most rational is water heating from the boiler. The boiler can operate on electricity, solid or liquid fuel, can also be launched on the biogas produced. The maximum temperature to which water is required is + 60 ° C. More hot tubes can cause adhesion to the surface of the particles, which will reduce the effectiveness of heating.

You can also use direct heating - insert Tenni, but firstly, it is difficult to organize mixing, secondly, it will pour a substrate on the surface, reducing the heat transfer, the Teni will quickly braid

Peer biogas installation can be heated using standard heating radiators, just pipes shrewd in a serpentker, welded registers. Pipes use better polymer - metal-plastic or polypropylene. Pipes from corrugated stainless steel are also suitable, it is easier to lay them, especially in cylindrical vertical bioreactors, but the corrugated surface provokes a precipitate sticking, which is not very good for heat transfer.

To reduce the possibility of precipitation of particles on the heating elements, they are located in the zone of the mixer. Only at the same time it is necessary to design everything so that the mixer cannot touch the pipes. It often seems that the heaters are better to arrange from below, but practice has shown that due to the sediment at the bottom, such heating is ineffective. So it is more rational to have the heaters on the walls of the metatecase of the biogas installation.

Water heating methods

By the method of laying pipes, heating can be outdoor or inner. With internal arrangement, the heating is effective, but repair and maintenance of heaters are impossible without stopping and pumping system. Therefore, the selection of materials and quality of compounds pay special attention.

Heating increases the productivity of the biogas plant and reduces raw materials processing

With the outer arrangement of the heaters, more heat is required (the costs of heating the contents of the biogas plant is much higher), since many heat goes on heating the walls. But the system is always available for repair, and the heating is more uniform, since the medium is heated from the walls. Another plus of such a solution - a mixer cannot damage the heating system.

Than insulation

At the bottom of the pit, the alignment layer of sand is poured first, then the heat insulating layer. It may be clay, mixed with straw and clay, slag. All these components can be mixed, you can pour separately with separate layers. They are aligned in the horizon, set the tank of the biogas installation.

Bioreactor BOK can be insulated with modern materials or classic grandfathers. From the Dedovsky methods - the coating of clay with straw. Apply to several layers.

From modern materials, extruded high density expanded polystyrene can be used, low-density aerated concrete blocks. The most technological in this case is polyurethane foam (PPU), but the services for applying it is expensive. But it turns out seamless heat insulation, which minimizes heating costs. There is another thermal insulation material - foamed glass. In the stoves, it is very expensive, but his battle or baby is quite a bit, and according to the characteristics it is almost perfect: it does not absorb moisture, it is not afraid of freezing, it moves well with static loads, has a low thermal conductivity.

Biogas It is a mixture of gases that are formed during the decomposition of organic substances anaerobic bacteria. Biogas easily flammable, with combustion forms a clean flame, so it can be used not only for cooking, but also for internal combustion engines (for example, for the production of electricity).

The advantages of the biogas plant at home:
- It is easy to get biogas at home without the use of expensive equipment;
- excellent alternative energy for those whose housing is far from civilization, or for those who wish to be independent of the state;
- affordable raw materials (manure, kitchen waste, crushed vegetation, etc.);
- Caring for the environment, since in the process of decomposition of organic substances in nature, the gas falls into the atmosphere, which entails the greenhouse effect, and in this case the biogas will be burned, having obtained CO2;
- Getting fertilizers as a by-product of biogasic installation.

But besides the merits, biogas plant has its drawbacks:
- Bacteria work at a temperature of 18-40 degrees, so you can get biogas in summer. If you heat the biogasic installation and equip the heated, then you can get biogas and in the spring-autumn period, but the cost of insulation and heating can cross the benefit
- It is necessary to constantly introduce new raw materials, and therefore merge fertilizers.

For the manufacture of biogas installation, we will need it:
1. Two bodies for 200l
2. Barrel for 30-60l, or a large plastic bucket
3. Plastic sewer pipes
4. Gas hose
5. Crane

For clarity, I will give scheme of home biogas

The principle of the biogas installation. The reactor loads raw materials (manure, kitchen waste, crushed vegetation, etc.) and water. The biogas installation will not work immediately, but a few days later, when the number of anaerobic bacteria will increase to the maximum.

In the process of life, the anaerobic bacteria is allocated biogas, which will be collected at the upper point of the barrel (the crane should be located in this place). From the reactor on the gas hose Biogas gets into the collector.

The collector is a barrel for 200 liters with water, and an inverted bucket in it for gase collection, as well as to create a pressure of a gas furnace necessary for the operation. As gas arrives, the bucket will pop up. If the amount of biogas is greater than it can accommodate a plastic bucket, the gas will simply look out through the water.

For the manufacture of reactor It will take a hermetic barrel for 200l. At the top of the barrel, we make several holes and install:
- Plastic pipe for pouring raw materials. At the end of the pipe, you need to set the transition to a large pipe (a kind of watering can, for the convenience of filling raw materials)
- Plastic pipe for draining fertilizers. Since the biogas plant is not an eternal engine, and it is necessary to constantly make raw materials. When making new raw materials, surplus (already reworked raw materials - fertilizers) will go out through the drain pipe.
- Crane at the highest point of the barrel for collecting biogas.

In the manufacture of the reactor, it is very important that all compounds are sealed, otherwise under the pressure resulting, gas may be seized out. The drain pipe must be below the level of the gas tap. The drain and fuse tube, when not used, must be tightly muffled.

For the manufacture of the collector, you will need a plastic barrel for 200 liters without a lid. In the barrel pour 3/4 of the water and install another barrel, upside down, smaller in volume. In the bottom of the barrel of smaller volume, we cut a fitting for connecting the hose from the reactor, and the crane for connecting the hose going to the gas furnace.

For pouring raw materials, open the inlet and drain hole and pour raw materials. It is best to use manure diluted in water. The water is best used rainding or resolved, so that the chlorine content from the water pipes has not reduced the colonies of bacteria. In addition, if you use kitchen waste, do not allow detergents, egg shells, bones, scales, because they can affect the operation of the biogas plant for the worse.

The biogas itself has a very unpleasant smell, but there is no smell when burning there. If you burn the gas without mixing with air, we will get a yellow flame with soak, which is easy to bury the bottom of the pan.

If the biogas is mixed with air, and then set fire, then we get a clean flame of blue without soot. For example, in factory gas furnaces, the instructions say that when switching from a main gas to a balloon and back, it is necessary to change the jets (which differ in the hole diameter), otherwise the burner will smoke. Alternatively, you can use laboratory burner Bunsen.

If you do not have a laboratory burner in stock, it is easy to make it from the cut pipe, drilled at the base of the opening. Thus, the gas passing through the pipe will be mixed with air, and at the outlet of the tube we will get mixed gas.

You can experiment as loafers with pieces of wood, causing them under a pencil and drill holes in them of different diameters. Thus, it is possible to obtain the optimal torch size.

For an experiment, an old barbecue was used as a furnace, in the bottom of which the hole was cut out and the burner of Bunsen was installed. And subsequently, the barbecue was replaced by a single-flow furnace.

To create gas pressure, a cargo is installed on the collector (a small barrel for gas collection). For example, if you install a load of 5 kg, then 1 liter of water can be booed in 15 minutes. If you install a load of 10 kg, then 1 liter of water will boil through 10 minutes.

Summing up, it should be noted that homemade biogas installation produces biogas for 30 minutes of operation of the burner per dayIn case the raw material is manure. If the kitchen residues are used as raw materials, then the performance is only 15 minutes per day.

The gas released is not so much, but you see that the biogasic installation is not so great. Therefore, if you wish to increase the amount of gas obtained, you will need to increase the volume of the reactor and the collector.

The sizes of the collector can not be increased, if you are in a timely manner to pump biogas into another capacity (for example, in a balloon). It is simple, this can be done using a compressor from a refrigerator, which has one input and one output. The entrance is connected to the collector, and access to the cylinder.

The compressor can be equipped with automation, for example, when the collector is filled with gas, the barrel rose, closed the contacts, thereby turned on the compressor. And the compressor, in turn, turned off when the barrel fell to the minimum level.

The reactor of the biogas installation must be made of plasticBut, in no case from the metal, because due to oxidative processes, the metal quickly degrees. Alternatively, plastic barrels of large volumes can be used (for example, Eurocube). And so that large volumes of the barrels do not occupy a lot of space in the courtyard, they can be buried.

Nov 19, 2016 Gennady

Biogas is gas produced by biomass fermentation. In this way, hydrogen or methane can be obtained. We are interested in methane, as an alternative to natural gas. Methane has no color and odor and easily flammable. Considering that the raw material for the production of biogas is literally under his feet, the cost of such gas is significantly less than natural, and it can be safely saved. Here are the numbers from Wikipedia "50-65 m³ of biogas with a content of methane 60%, 150-500 m³ of biogas from various types of plants with a methane content of up to 70% is obtained. The maximum amount of biogas is 1300 m³ with methane content 87% - can be obtained from fat. "," In practice of 1 kg of dry matter, get from 300 to 500 liters of biogas. "

Tools and materials:
-Plastic capacity of 750 liters;
-Plastic capacity of 500 liters;
-Santechnic pipes and adapters;
-Cent for PVC pipes;
-Epoxy adhesive;
-Knife;
-Hacksaw;
-A hammer;
-Furnish horns;
-Gazy fittings (in detail in step 7);

Step One: a little more theory
Some time ago, the master made the prototype of the biogas plant.

And he was covered with questions and requests to help with the assembly. As a result, even the state was interested in the installation (the master lives in India).

The next step, the master had to make a more complete setup. Consider what it represents.
-The establishment consists of a storage tank, which stores the organic material, and microorganisms are processing it, gas is isolated.
-Charged gas in this way is collected in a tank known as a gas collector. In the model with floating type, this tank floats in suspension and moves up and down depending on the amount of gas stored in it
- Operating pipe helps the gas collector reservoir move up and down inside the drive tank.
- Types are served through the feed pipe inside the tank-drive.
- Fullness recycled suspension flows through the exhaust pipe. It can be collected, dilute and use as fertilizer for plants.
- A gas collector of a gas collector on a pipe is submitted to the instrument of consumption (gas plates, columns, generators)

Step Two: Capacity Choice
To choose a capacity, it is necessary to consider how many waste can be collected per day. According to the Master there is a rule where a capacity of 1000 liters is needed for 5 kg of waste. The wizard is about 3.5 - 4 kg. So the capacity is needed 700-800 liters. As a result, the master acquired a capacity of 750 liters.
Installation with floating type gas collector, it means you need to pick up such a container that gas losses were minimal. For these purposes, a 500 liter tank approached. This 500 liter container will move within 750 liter. The distance between the walls of the two tanks is about 5 cm on each side. Capacities should be chosen that will be a rack to the sunlight and an aggressive environment.

Step Three: Preparing Reservoir
Cuts up the top with a smaller tank. First, the knife makes a hole, then dumbles with a hacksaw blade along the cutting line.

The upper part 750 liter containers, also need to cut. The diameter of the cut part of the lid of a smaller tank + 4 cm.

Step fourth: feed pipe
At the bottom of the larger tank you need to install the inlet pipe. Through it, biofuels will fall inside. Pipe has a diameter of 120 mm. Cuts a hole in the barrel. Sets the knee. On both sides, the compound is fixed with epoxy glue type "cold welding".

Step Fifth: Suspension Plum Pipe
To collect the suspension at the top of the larger tank sets a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 300 mm.

Step Six: Guides
As you already understood, inside the large capacity will be free to "swim" smaller. As the inner tank fills in the gas, he will be trough and vice versa. For its free movement up-down, the master makes four guides. In the "ears" makes cuts under 32 mm pipe. Fastens the pipe as shown in the photo. Pipe length 32 cm.

On the inner container, 4 guides of 40 mm pipe are also attached.

Step seventh: Gas fittings
The gas supply is divided as it were for three sites: from the gas collector to the pipe, from the pipe to the cylinder, from the balloon to the gas stove.
The master needs three pipes 2.5 m with threaded tips, 2 cranes, sealing gaskets, threaded adapters, fume - tape and fastening brackets.

To install the gas reinforcement, the master at the top (formerly lower, i.e. 500 liter balloon turns "upside down") the center makes the hole. Sets the reinforcement, the location of the connection seals with epoxy.

Step eighth: assembly
Now you need to install a container on a flat solid surface. The installation site should be as sunny. The distance between the installation and kitchen should be minimal.

Sets inside the guide tubes of the tube of a smaller diameter. The pipe for the discharge of an excessive suspension extends.

Lengthens the inlet tube. The compound fixes with cement for PVC pipes.

Installs a large tank gas storage. Orienses him by guides.

Step ninth: first launch
For the initial launch of the biogas plant, such a volume is needed by about 80 kg of cow manure. The manure is divorced by 300 liters of non-chloride water. Also, the master adds a special additive to accelerate the growth of bacteria. The additive consists of a concentrated juice of sugar cane, coconut and palm trees. Apparently, this is something, such as yeast. Fills this mass through the inlet pipe. After filling, the inlet tube needs to rinse and install the plug.

After a couple of days, the gas drive will start climbing up. It began the gas formation process. As soon as the drive is filled, the resulting gas needs to be laid. The first gas contains a lot of impurities, and there was air in the accumulator.

Step Tenth: Fuel
The gas formation process is launched and now need to be understood that it is possible, and what can not be used as fuel.
So, for fuel fit: rotten vegetables, cleaning of vegetables and fruits, unsuitable dairy products, loosen oil, weeds cut, waste of livestock and poultry, etc. A variety of unsuitable waste of vegetable and animal world can be used in the installation. Slices need to grind, as much as possible. This will speed up the processing process.

You can not use: cleaning onion and garlic, egg shell, bones, fibrous materials.

Now we will analyze the question of the amount of loadable fuel. As already mentioned, 3.5 - 4 kg of fuel needed to such a container. Fuel recycling takes from 30 to 50 days, depending on the type of fuel. Each day adding 4 kg of fuel, within 30 days from it will be produced daily about 750 g of gas. The installation overflow will lead to an excess of fuel, acidity and disadvantage of bacteria. The master reminds that according to the rules, 1000 l volume requires 5 kg of fuel daily.
Step Eleventh: Plunger
To facilitate fuel boot, the master made a plunger.

Gas is widely used both for industry, including chemical (for example, raw materials for obtaining plastics) and in everyday life. In living conditions, gas is used for the heating of residential private and apartment buildings, cooking, water heating, like fuel for machines, etc.

In environmental respect, gas is one of the cleanest types of fuel. If you compare with other types of fuel, the smallest amount of emissions of harmful substances.

But if we are talking about Gaza, then automatically mean natural gas produced from earthly decraces.

As I once pounded in the newspaper on the article in which it was told as one grandfather gathered not a cunning installation and receives gas from the manure. This topic is very interested. And I would like to tell about this alternative to natural gas - this is biogas. I believe that this topic is quite interesting and useful for ordinary people and especially farmers.

At the farming of any peasant economy, you can use not only the energy of the wind, the sun, but also the biogas.

Biogas - Gaseous fuel, an anaerobic microbiological decomposition of organic substances. The technology of producing gas is environmentally friendly, wasteless method of processing, disposal and disinfection of various organic waste of vegetable and animal origin.

Raw materials for biogas is ordinary manure, leaves, grass, in general, any organic garbage: tops, food waste, fallen leaves.

The resulting gas - methane is the result of the vital activity of methane bacteria. From methane - it is also called the marsh or mine gas, 90-98% consists of natural gas, which is used in everyday life.

Installation for gas production is very easy to manufacture. We need a basic capacity, you can cook it yourself or use some kind of it can be ready for it anything. On the sides of the container you need to install thermal insulation, to use the installation during the cold season. We make a couple of hatches from above. From one of them we attach the tube to remove the gas. For the intensive process of fermentation and gas isolation, the mixture must be intermitted periodically. Therefore, you need to install a mixing device. Next, the gas must be collected and stored or use to be appointed. To collect gas, you can use the usual car chamber, and then if there is a compressor compress and pump into cylinders.

The principle of operation is quite simple: manure is loaded through one hatch. Inside there is a decomposition of this biomass with special methane bacteria. In order for the process intensively, the contents need to be mixed and preferably to warm up. For heating, it is possible to install inside the tube on which the hot water should circulate. Methane The bacteria allocated in the vital activity of the tubes falls into the car chambers, and when a sufficient amount accumulates it, it is compressed with the compressor and pour into cylinders.

In warm weather or when using artificial heating, the installation can produce a sufficiently large amount of gas, about 8 m 3 / day.

Also gas is possible to receive from domestic waste from landfills, but the problem is the chemicals used in everyday life.

Methane bacteria are in the intestines of animals and, therefore, in manure. But in order for them to start working, it is necessary to limit their interaction with oxygen, as it oppresses their livelihoods. That is why it is necessary to create special installations so that the bacteria cannot be contacted with air.

In the biogas obtained, the concentration of methane is a few than the editable, therefore, at the combustion, it will give a little less heat. When incinerating 1 m 3 of natural gas, 7-7.5 Gcal is distinguished, then with biogas - 6-6.5 Gcal.

This gas is suitable for heating (we still have overall information about heating) and for use in household plates. The cost of biogas is low, and in some cases, in general, it is almost equal to zero, if everything is done from the girlfriend and you hold, for example a cow.

Waste from gas production is biohumus - organic fertilizer in which in the process of rotting without access of oxygen overloads everything from weed seeds, and only useful trace elements remain the necessary plants.

Abroad, there are even methods for creating artificial gas fields. It looks like this. Since a large proportion in the emitting domestic garbage is a organic man, which can rot and give biogas. So that gas began to allocate, it is necessary to deprive the organic interaction with a conversion. Therefore, waste rolled with layers, and the upper layer is made from a gasod-sounded material, such as clay. Then the wells are dried and produced gas from natural deposits. And at the same time several problems are solved, this is the utilization of waste and energy.

Under what conditions is biogas?

Conditions for obtaining and energy value biogas

In order to collect a small-sized installation you need to know from what raw material and what technology can be obtained from biogas.

Gas is obtained in the process of decomposition (fermentation) of organic substances without aircraft access (anaerobic process): litter pets, straw, topped leaves and other organic waste generated in an individual economy. It follows that biogas can be obtained from any economic household waste that can be delayed and roaming in a liquid or wet state.

The process of decomposition (fermentation) takes place in two phases:

1. Biomass decomposition (hydrotation);
2. Gasification (biogas highlight).

These processes occur in the fermenter (anaerobic biogasic installation).

Ilted after decomposition in biogas plants increases soil fertility and yield increases 10-50%. Thus, it turns out the most valuable fertilizer.

Biogas consists of a mixture of gases:

• methane-55-75%;
• carbon dioxide GAZ-23-33%;
• hydrogen sulfide - 7%.

Methane fermentation is a complex process of fermentation of organic substances - a bacterial process. The main condition for the flow of this process, the presence of heat.

In the process of biomass decomposition, heat is formed, which is sufficient for the proceeding process, to keep this heat enzymator need to heat up. When the temperature decreases in the enzymator, the intensity of the gas release is reduced, since the microbiological processes in the organic mass slow down. Therefore, the reliable thermal insulation of the biogas plant (biofermentator) is one of the most important conditions for its normal operation. When loading manure into the fermenter, it is necessary to mix with hot water with a temperature of 35-40 about C. This will help ensure the necessary mode of its operation.

When the heat loss does not need to minimize engineering help in biogas

For better heating of the enzymator, you can use the "greenhouse effect". For this, a wooden or light metal frame is installed over the dome and coated with a polyethylene film. The best results are achieved at a temperature of raw materials, which is fermented 30-32 ° C and humidity 90-95%. In the areas of the middle and northern strip, the part of the obtained gas must be spent in the cold periods of the year to the additional heating of the fermenting mass, which complicates the design of the biogas settings.

Installations are easy to build in individual farms in the form of special fermenters for biomass fermentation. The main organic raw material for loading to the fermenter is manure.

With the first loading of the manure of CRS, the fermentation process should be at least 20 days, pigs of at least 30 days. The gas can be obtained greater when loading the mixture from the various components compared to the load, for example, the CRS manure.

For example, a mixture of manure of cattle and avian litter during processing gives up to 70% methane in biogas.

After the fermentation process has stabilized, you need to upload raw materials every day no more than 10% of the amount of mass processed in the enzymator.

In addition to the production of gas, it is disinfected with organic substances. Organic waste is getting rid of pathogenic microflora, deodorization of unpleasant odors.

Forming Il need to periodically unload from the enzymator, it is used as a fertilizer.

When the first filling of the biogasic installation, the selected gas is not lit, this occurs because the first obtained gas contains a large amount of carbon dioxide, about 60%. Therefore, it must be released into the atmosphere, and after 1-3 days the operation of the biogas plant is stabilized.

Table number 1- The amount of gas obtained by the exclinion of one animal received during the fermentation

By the amount of energy released 1 m 3 biogas equivalent:

• 1.5 kg of stone coal;
• 0.6 kg kerosene;
• 2 kW / h of electricity;
• 3.5 kg of firewood;
• 12 kg of manure briquettes.

Construction of small-sized biogas installations

Figure 1 - Scheme of the simplest biogas setting with a pyramidal dome: 1 - pit for manure; 2 - groove - hydraulic machine; 3 - a bell for gase collection; 4, 5 - gas removal nozzle; 6 - pressure gauge.

According to those shown in Figure 1, the sizes are equipped with a hole 1 and dome 3. The pit is lined with reinforced concrete plates with a thickness of 10 cm, which are placed with cement mortar and are coated with a resin for tightness. From the roofing iron, the bell is welded with a height of 3 m, at the top of which biogas will accumulate. For sewage from corrosion, the bell periodically color with two layers of oil paint. It is even better to pre-cover the bell from the inside lead sulik. In the upper part of the bell, the Patrol 4 is installed to remove the biogas and pressure gauge 5 to measure its pressure. Gas removing nozzle 6 can be made of rubber hose, plastic or metal pipe.

A concrete groove is arranged around the pit - the enzymaters. 2. filled with water, into which the bottom side of the bell is immersed with 0.5 m.

Figure 2 - Condensate removal device: 1 - pipeline for gas removal; 2 - U-shaped pipe for condensate; 3 - condensate.

Feed gas, for example, to the kitchen cooral can be in metal, plastic or rubber tubes. To winter, due to the freezing of condensing water, the tubes did not specify, use a simple device shown in Figure 2: U - the shape 2 is attached to the pipeline 1 at the lowest point. The height of its free part should be greater than the pressure of the biogas (in mm. Water. Art.). Condensate 3 merges through the free end of the tube, and there will be no gas leakage.

Figure 3 - Scheme of the simplest biogas setting with a conical dome: 1 - pit for manure; 2 - dome (bell); 3 - extended part of the nozzle; 4 - gas removal tube; 5 - groove - hydraulic machine.

In the installation of 1 mM with a diameter of 4 mm in Figure 3, 2 m with a roofing gland, whose sheets are tightly welded. The inner surface of the welded tank is covered with a resin for anti-corrosion sewn. From the outside of the upper edge of the tank made of concrete, the ring groove is arranged 5 depth to 1 m, which is poured with water. It is freely installed by the vertical part of the dome 2, which closes the tank. Thus, the groove with water filled into it serves as a hydrotherapy. Biogas is assembled at the top of the dome, from where through the exhaust pipe 3 and then on the pipeline 4 (or hose) is supplied to the place of use.

In the round tank 1, about 12 cubic meters of organic mass (preferably fresh manure) is loaded, which is poured with a liquid fraction of manure (urine) without adding water. A week after filling, the fermenter begins to work. In this installation, the fermented capacity is 12 cubic meters, m, which makes it possible to build it for 2-3 families, which are located nearby. Such an installation can be built on the courtyard if the family grows, for example, bulls or contains several cows.

Figure 4 - Schemes of options for the simplest installations: 1 - feeding of organic waste; 2 - Capacity for organic waste; 3 - Gas collection place under the dome; 4 - Gas removal nozzle; 5 - OLA removal; 6 - pressure gauge; 7 - dome from plastic film; 8 - water shutter and; 9 - cargo; 10 - a single polyethylene bag.

Constructive and technological schemes of the simplest small-sized plants are shown in Figure 4. The arrows indicate the technological movements of the initial organic mass, gas, ya. Structurally, the dome may be rigid or made of polyethylene film. The rigid dome can be performed with a long cylindrical part for deep immersion in the processable mass of floating-and-rig 4, g, or inserted in the hydraulic shutter. Figure 4, d. The dome from the film can be inserted into the hydraulic table. g. In the last design on the bag from the film, the load is placed so that the bag is not very inflated, as well as for the formation of sufficient pressure under the film.

Gas, which is going under the dome or film, comes on the gas pipeline to the place of use. To avoid gas explosion on the outlet, you can set the valve adjusted to a certain pressure. However, the danger of gas explosion is unlikely, since with a significant increase in gas pressure under the dome, the latter will be raised in the hydraulic shutter to the critical height and the telcrock, releasing the gas.

The biogas generation can be reduced due to the fact that the surface of organic raw materials in the fermenter in the fermentation is formed. In order for it to prevent the gas outlet, it is broken, stirring the mass in the fermenter. It is possible to mix it manually, but by attaching from the bottom to the dome of the metal fork. The dome rises in a hydraulic gate to a certain height when the gas accumulation and falls as it uses.

Thanks to systematic. Move the dome from top-down, connected to the plug dome will destroy the crust.

High humidity and hydrogen sulfide (up to 0.5%) promotes increased corrosion of metal parts of biogas plants. Therefore, the condition of all the metallic elements of the enzymator regularly monitor and the damage points are carefully protected, the best lead sulik in one or two layers, and then color in two layers of any oil paint.

Figure 5. The diagram of the biogasic installation with heating: 1 - fermenter; 2 - wooden shield; 3 - the bay neck; 4 - methantank; 5 - mixer; 6 - nozzle for the selection of biogas; 7 - heat insulating layer; 8 - lattice; 9 - drain tap for recycled mass; 10 - channel for air supply; 11 - Blower.

Biogo Installation with Heated Mass Warm Heated , the expansion of the manure, in the aerobic fermenter, is shown in Figure 5. In Figure 5. Includes methantank - cylindrical metal tank with a filling neck 3. A drainage crane 9. Mechanical stirrer 5 and a bogase selection nozzle 6.

Fermenitor 1 can be made rectangular and3 wooden materials. To unload the processed manure, the floors are removable. Floor enzymator - lattice, through the process channel 10 air purged from the blower 11. From above, the fermenter is closed with wooden spits 2. To reduce heat losses, walls and bottoms are made with thermal insulation layer 7.

Works installation so. In methantank 4 through the groove 3, the pre-prepared liquid manure is poured with a humidity of 88-92%, the fluid level is determined at the bottom of the filling neck. The aerobic fermenter 1 through the upper opening portion is filled with underlining manure or a mixture of manure with loose dry organic filler (straw, sawdust) with a humidity of 65-69%. When air supply through the technological channel in the enzymator, the organic mass begins to decompose and heat is distinguished. It is enough to heal the contents of the methantank. As a result, biogas is released. It accumulates at the top of the methantank. Through the pipe 6 is used for household needs. In the process of fermenting, the manure in the mettenca is mixed with a stirrer 5.

Such installation will pay off for the year only by disposal of waste in the personal economy. Approximate values \u200b\u200bfor biogas consumption are shown in Table 2.

Table # 2 - Approximate values \u200b\u200bfor biogas consumption

Note: The installation can operate in any climatic zone.

Figure 6 - diagram of the individual biogas installation of IBGU-1: 1 - the filling neck; 2 -. Meal; 3 - nozzle, for gas selection; 4 - thermal insulation layer; 5 - nozzle with a crane for unloading of the processed mass; 6 - thermometer.

Individual biogasic installation (IBGU-1) for a family having from 2 to 6 cows or 20-60 pigs, or 100-300 bird heads (Figure 6). The installation can recycle from 100 to 300 kg of manure and produces 100-300 kg of environmentally friendly organic fertilizers and 3-12 m 3 biogas.