Biochemical blood test - laboratory diagnostics method, allowing to evaluate functional state various organs and systems (kidneys, liver), activity inflammatory process, electrolyte content in blood plasma.

Indicators determined by biochemical blood test

Biochemistry, as often abbreviated this analysis is a very informative research method. It is used to diagnose a wide variety of diseases in almost all areas of medicine.

Biochemical blood test - prefabricated concept. For the diagnosis of most diseases, only selective studies are prescribed (samples on the activity of the inflammatory process, blood electrolytes, liver enzymes).

All types of biochemical blood test can be divided into several groups:

• definition of proteins and indicators of nitrogen exchange (main indicators: urea, creatinine, albumin, globulins and a number of other proteins);
• lipid, pigment exchange rates (general lipids, cholesterol, bilirubin);
• determination of the main blood enzymes (AST, Alt, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase, creatinecinase);
• evaluation of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin);
• determination of the content of electrolytes in the blood (potassium, sodium, chlorine, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium).

How to prepare for blood for biochemistry

Blood for conducting biochemical analysis is taken from Vienna. The volume of blood closed is about 5 ml. Blood is best to hand over in the morning and necessarily an empty stomach: before the blood fence should not be eaten for at least 6, and better 12 hours. It is also impossible to drink any drinks during this time, besides ordinary drinking water, which is allowed in moderate quantity.

The results of biochemical analysis are usually ready the next day. Some laboratories also apply express methods that allow you to issue a result for 1-3 hours, and according to some indicators even for 10-20 minutes, but these accelerated methods are not applicable to all indicators and, for the most part, give a less accurate result.

The accuracy of the results obtained largely depends on the proper preparation for the study. This is especially true for complex blood tests, which are also related to biochemical analysis. Considering that this examination allows timely diagnosing hidden diseases, it is very important that it has been carried out as high quality and accurately. We will figure it out how to donate the blood test of biochemical, and what preparation should be carried out?

Indications for the purpose of the study

Blood analysis on biochemistry can be carried out as a diagnostic study, to confirm or refute the preliminary diagnosis, as well as to monitor the effectiveness of the therapy. In the direction of the study of biochemical analysis of blood, the doctor indicates the indicators whose value of this patient must be checked. Moreover, it can be like a single indicator, for example, a plasma glucose level and several, as when conducting hepatic samples.

To donate the biochemical blood test, it is necessary in the presence of such violations of health:

• cardiovascular or endocrine system failures,
• diseases of the musculoskeletal system,
• articular diseases
• problems with various gastric departments, in particular with the stomach,
• diseases of the kidneys and liver,
• plasma pathologies.

To properly determine the diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a qualitative survey of a person.

The doctor who sends a patient to biochemical analysis, necessarily tells the rules for the preparation and conduct of the survey.

Preparation for research

So how to properly pass the biochemical blood test to get undischarged results? We will remind you of recommendations, how to handit the blood, observing which you can get the most accurate information about the state of your body.

How to pass a biochemical blood test correctly:

• Two days before the examination, it is necessary to exclude fatty, sharp, salt and smoked products, as well as drinks with high sugar content. Alcohol use is also contraindicated. Depending on how the indicators are made of biochemical blood test, the doctor may prohibit the use of certain types of products.
• The day before passing the blood to biochemistry, it is important to limit physical exercise On the body, as well as avoid stress and other emotional experiences that can cause failures in the hormonal system.
• Before donating blood, it is impossible for at least one day to conduct ultrasound examinations, radiography, physiotherapeutic procedures, since there is a change in plasma parameters from these studies.

To determine some indicators, for example, bilirubin level or glucose concentration, additional requirements may be required. The doctor who assigns a patient to this examination must give detailed recommendations for proper preparation for the delivery of the analysis.

Conducting research

So that the results of the survey are not distorted by random factors, the following rules should be followed by the patient on the day:

• Blood on the biochemistry is given on an empty stomach. There should be at least 12 hours between intake of food and blood intake on a biochemical study. However, hungry more than 48 hours is also undesirable. Before taking blood in the morning, it is impossible to use any products and drink any drinks, including clean water.
• Have any medications It is possible only in the case of extreme necessity and by preliminary agreement with the doctor, since blood biochemistry is in this case substantially changed. Moreover, to completely remove some drugs from the body, it may be necessary for several days, so this question should be discussed in advance with the attending physician.
• Before passing blood, it is not recommended to smoke for at least 40-60 minutes, since nicotine affects the production of certain biologically active substances to the body, and increases the number of erythrocytes and glucose concentration.
• It follows the plasma in a calm state. Even if you are late for a survey, it is not worthwhile, breathing, go to the laboratory. It is necessary to sit in the reception at least 15 minutes, before passing the analysis until the plasma indicators return to normal.
• During sampling, the patient must be in a sitting or lying position, in a relaxed state.
• Blood surrendered from veins or from finger? For research, only blood is taken from peripheral veins. It is convenient to take a sample from the elbow vein. However, if it is impossible to do this, for example, due to injury or hands burn, the sample takes from Vienna on lower limbs or on brush hands.
• Before the sample of the sample, the skin section in the place where blood is taken from, wipe with antiseptic solution. Most often for this solution ethyl alcohol or hydrogen peroxide.
• To take the blood, use a sterile disposable syringe or a special system for blood collection from veins. The analysis is taken only by an experienced laboratory assistant.
• A selected volume of approximately 5-10 ml is placed in an absolutely dry and sterile test tube, and sent to the study

The result is ready enough quickly. The time required by a laboratory doctor in order to analyze the indicators received, usually does not exceed a few hours.

In case, to control the effectiveness of treatment, the doctor will prescribe a re-analysis after a certain period of time, it is desirable to conduct it in the same laboratory. If all tests are made on the same equipment, according to the same techniques and using the same reagents, then their comparison will be more correct and accurate. Proper biochemical analysis will be the basis for the patient's accurate diagnosis.

During the life of each person there is a need to take blood test. Reasons for conducting research can be different. One patients take blood due to illness, and the other in preventive purposes. Whatever the reason for the study, preparation for blood flow during biochemical analysis should be respected by everyone. In case of non-compliance with the recommendations, the results obtained may be unreliable and a misleading doctrine. A specialist may appoint incorrect, and sometimes completely unnecessary treatment.

Biochemical blood test is a common and informative method of laboratory diagnostics. Thanks to the study, it is possible to evaluate the functioning of all organs and human body systems. Additional value of the analysis is that to obtain the results of a single day. The exception is only some indicators defined in the framework of biochemistry. In the conditions of modern laboratories, in the study, it is possible to determine a huge number of important indicators, which is especially valued in the diagnosis of diseases.

With a biochemical study, it is possible to estimate the correctness of the functioning of the kidneys, organs gastrointestinal tract and other systems, identify infection or infection of the body, autoimmune pathologies. With the help of the analysis, there is also a lack of vitamins and trace elements, the presence of certain antibodies in the blood. The study algorithm is a complex and responsible process. The time that will be spent on it depends on the number of indicators under study.

A biochemical study is an important method of laboratory diagnostics used in all areas of medicine.

Endocrinologists, gynecologists, surgeons, therapists and other doctors are used. Thanks to its results, a specialist can fully observe which organ or patient system work incorrectly. This greatly facilitates the choice of the further method of examination and treatment. Also, the analysis must be submitted to prevent diseases and health monitoring.

Preparation rules

To obtain reliable results of the analysis, before passing the material, it is necessary to prepare for the procedure. The preparation algorithm is based on compliance with certain rules that require simple restrictions and are easily fulfilled at any age. Biochemical study of blood is carried out in compliance with the following recommendations:

1. You need to donate on an empty stomach. There should be at least 8 hours between the fence and dinner.
2. Before donated blood is allowed to drink water.
3. Material fence for research is produced in the morning.
4. Patients are prohibited within a few days before putting the material to use alcohol.
5. During the day before the fence, it is necessary to observe a non-strict diet with the exception of oily, fried and salted food.
6. A few hours before the blood is prohibited, it is forbidden to smoke, it is physically and emotionally overwhelmed.
7. Before you go to the laboratory, you need to rest.
8. Material taking technique is determined based on the age of the patient and veins. In adults, the blood is most often taken from the elbow vein, and in breast children take from the veins on the head or heel. Where the fence will be made, it determines the laboratory assistant after the patient's visual inspection.

It is also important to know that some medication can distort the results of the study. Prepare for analysis is needed, taking into account therapy with drugs. It is recommended to stop taking medicines a few days before blood takes. If this is not possible, it is necessary to warn your doctor about the preparations taken. Maintain compliance with the recommendations is not necessary, since the distorted results will be misleading. If not all rules are made, for example, the blood is not allowed on an empty stomach, then you must warn the doctor.

Rules of preparation for certain indicators

Some indicators defined in the framework of biochemistry require specific training. General recommendations Do not cancel, and comply with them, but additional rules will be added. How to prepare for the study, based on what indicator is being studied, consider below:

1. Urea. Blood needs to hand over an empty stomach, you can drink water. Even minor physical stresses are prohibited. Within a few days, a diet that excludes meat and fish dishes, tea and drinks containing coffee is required.
2. Cholesterol, lipoproteins. The preparation algorithm is similar to other indicators, that is, the blood is surrendered by an empty stomach in the morning. It is recommended to exclude the reception of drugs that reduce the concentration of lipids 14 days before the study.
3. Glucose. To prepare for the study, it is not enough to just pass the blood of an empty stomach. It is forbidden to brush your teeth or chew a chewing. Diagonal preparations and some other medicines can also distort the results, so the therapy needs to be warned by a doctor.
4. GTG (glucose-bead test). The preparation algorithm is that the patient does not need to comply with the diet. It is necessary to eat in the usual mode. Blood is taken in the morning on an empty stomach, after fasting for 10-12 hours. Before passing, you must eliminate the reception of drugs. Analysis technique is intravenous or oral administration glucose. During the procedure, the patient can not walk, smoke, nervous.
5. Gaptoglobin. Before analysis, it is required to consult a doctor about the cancellation of medicines. Blood also hand over an empty stomach, you can drink water.
6. Fibrotest. The preparation algorithm lies in the abolition of medicines and products that paint blood serum (carrots, tangerines). You can drink clean water without dyes. Blood is given on an empty stomach.

The study of some biochemical analysis indicators require compliance with additional rules. Preparation is simple and fulfilled at any age. Blood fence technique is the same in all laboratories, regardless of the studied indicator. You can make analysis in a paid clinic and in the clinic at the place of attachment, after taking the direction of the doctor.

Blood biochemistry allows you to estimate the correct functioning of all organs and organism systems. In order to prevent diseases, it is recommended to undergo a study once a year, even if there are no pathologies. Preparation K. biochemical analysis The blood is obligatory, since its absence can seriously distort the results of the study and introduce a misleading doctor. Technique of treatment and further examination may be chosen incorrectly. Proper preparation for the analysis will significantly save the time spent on the production of faithful diagnosis.

It is considered one of the most affordable and effective methods for diagnosing the condition of the body. This analysis shows the work of all organs and systems, is assigned to most diseases to clarify the diagnosis or appointment of further surveys, as well as as a preventive examination.

Procedure for delivery familiar to everyone. To pass the analysis, you need to come on an empty stomach into the laboratory in the morning hours and pass venous blood. The nurse throws the forearm of the harness and with the help of the needle fills the test tubes of venous blood.

From the patient, the procedure for the delivery of blood depends a little, but it can properly prepare for the procedure so that the result is reliable and blood did not curl ahead of time.

Preparations for biochemical blood test Standard and includes a regular set of recommendations that the nurse reports before the blood fence:

• The procedure is conducted on an empty stomach. Not always blood is surrendered early in the morning. If the analysis is urgently required, it can be passed at another time of day, but it is important that at least 6-8 hours have passed since the food intake. Unwanted no snacks, tea, coffee. It is only possible to drink a clean waste of water without gas.
• If it is important to find out the exact content of blood sugar, it is undesirable to even brush the teeth toothpaste in the morning and use the rinsers for the oral cavity.
• Blood is rented to other procedures. If other procedures (, droppers, injections) are prescribed on the same day, first gives up blood, and then everything else.
• It is undesirable to overload the stomach on the eve. For the accuracy of the indicators, the gallbladder, preferably 2-3 days to sit on a non-stroke diet: do not drink fried, greasy, sharp, fast food, sauces.
• It is not worth putting the analysis of the analysis to consume a large amount of fats, as they provoke enhanced coagulation. Serum blood becomes muddy and unsuitable for research.
• Before the procedure, it is recommended to stop receiving drugs. On the day of the survey it is undesirable to take any drugs: vitamins, oral contraceptives, antihistamines and painkillers, hormones, antibiotics, etc. If it is impossible to stop the reception, you need to inform the doctor. Reception of drugs affecting the composition of the blood should be stopped a week before the analysis.

Repeated analysis is carried out in the same laboratory. If the analysis is reused to confirm the diagnosis, it must be handed over in the same laboratory and, if possible, at the same time day, as the first time.

Standard biochemical blood test includes a number of indicators that are taken into account in the aggregate.

It is important that the doctor is engaged in deciphering, since the deviation from the norm of one of the indicators is not always a pathology signal.

Main indicators Tank:

• . Glucose is the most important source Energy in the body. It is formed by splitting carbohydrate compounds and is absorbed in thin intestines. The blood sugar level is used as an indicator or effectiveness of its treatment. The level of glucose is important to maintain in good condition, as it provides the energy of all organs and tissues of the body.
• . In blood biochemistry, the indicator of general, direct and indirect bilirubin is indicated. Bilirubin is an enzyme that is formed when splitting. It is excreted from the body with help, so a large amount of this enzyme most often indicate problems with the liver. Bilirubin has a yellow color and when increasing the indicator can cause the jaggility of the skin.
• and. These are enzymes that are synthesized in the liver and are the indicators of its work. These enzymes are described, as a rule, in the cells themselves and in the blood in small quantities. Them increased content Indicates the destruction of hepatic cells and the emission of enzymes into blood.
• . This enzyme is contained in almost all the tissues of the body, but more in the liver and bone tissues.
• . This is a lipid involved in metabolism. Elevated cholesterol Increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, since this substance has a property being delayed on the walls of the vessels and narrow them. Cholesterol is responsible for the production of men's sex hormones and is responsible for updating cells.
• . This protein is produced in the liver and removed by the kidneys, therefore it is an indicator of the health of these organs. This is the main and most numerous blood protein. Albumin performs transport function and normalizes blood pressure.
• . The urea is formed as a result of the decomposition of amino acids. It is excreted from the body kidney and, accordingly, is an indicator of their normal activity.
• . Iron in blood performs transport function, participates in the process of blood formation and metabolism. Normal iron level is an indicator and normal level.

Normal analyzes

Deciphering blood analysis is better to trust a specialist. The deviation of one of the indicators is often a physiological phenomenon.

To diagnose or appoint further examination, you need to take into account all blood indicators.

Number of indicators tank:

• . Normal content Glucose in the blood is 3.5 - 6.2 mmol / l. With age, the upper border can move away. In children until the end of puberty, the maximum upper limit of the norm is 5.5 mmol / l. Reducing blood sugar (less than 3 mmol / l) often indicates hormonal disorders in the body, increased - suspicion.
• . The norm ranges from 3.4 to 17.1 μmol / l. At birth, the level of bilirubin can be elevated (children's jaggility), which is associated with the insufficient work of the liver of the newborn baby. After some time, the level of bilirubin in the blood is normalized. The lower border of the Bilirubin in the blood is considered from the point of view of pathology it is extremely rare.
• . The norm in the blood ranges from 3.2 to 5.5 mmol / l. Not all cholesterol enters the body with food. We consume only 20% of this protein, the remaining 80% are produced by the liver. therefore elevated level Cholesterol does not always lead to a strict diet, and often serves as a sign of metabolic disorders.
• Alt and Ast. In women, the norm of these enzymes is lower than that of a man (in women Alt to 34, AST - up to 31 units, in men - Alt to 45, AST - up to 37 units). These enzymes are concentrated in liver cells and are released into blood at a significant death of hepatic cells. The lower boundary of the norm is not considered.
• Albumen. Albumin may be present in the blood in the boundaries of 35-52 g / l, such an indicator is considered normal. An increase in albumin in the blood often indicates the dehydration of the body. Also reasons for increasing and lowering the level of protein may be hereditary genetic factors.
• Urea. In an adult, the urea standard is 2.5-6.4 mmol / l. When urea is formed in the body, the ammonia is neutralized, which poisoning the body. The urea is removed by the kidneys, so its excess indicates a bad job. The reduced amount of urea suggests that in the body excess ammonia and possibly poisoning. Level decreases with various liver diseases.

Possible causes of deviations

Due to blood biochemistry, you can diagnose a large number of diseases. Not always the diagnosis is made solely on the basis of the result of blood biochemistry, however, it is possible to identify which authorities and systems give a failure to specify further examination:

• Diabetes. This disease, accompanied by an increase in blood glucose due to insufficient insulin (hormone), split sugar. Sugar diabetes leads to various violations in the body, since the exchange of substances in general suffers. This often leads to a violation of other blood indicators in addition to glucose.