Cardiologist

Higher education:

Cardiologist

Kuban State Medical University (KubanGMU, Kubbma, KubbMi)

Education Level - Specialist

Additional education:

"Cardiology", "Course on magnetic resonance tomography of the cardiovascular system"

Cardiology them. A.L. Myasnikova

"Course on Functional Diagnostics"

NTSSSH them. A.N. Bakuleva

"Course on Clinical Pharmacology"

Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education

"Emergency Cardiology"

Cantonal Hospital Geneva, Geneva (Switzerland)

"Course on therapy"

Russian State Medical Institute Roszdrava

Many patients think that the difference between phlebotromboosis and thrombophlebitis are absent, considering them by synonymous with one pathology. In reality, these are absolutely different diseases, although they have similar etiology. The differences between these two pathologies are noticeable with more careful considerations.

Description of disease

The main distinguishing feature of phlebotromability and thrombophlebitis is the location of pathology. Thrombophlebitis is localized in the surface vein, and phlebotromboosis affects deep venous vessels. Another difference lies in the veins. With thrombophlebitis, the blockage occurs only in damaged vessels, and healthy vessels are affected with phlebotromboosis.

Wen pathology can develop for reasons for their varicose expansion, mechanical damage, development of infection and other factors. In any case, the blood current on the vessels occurs, which becomes the cause of their inflammation and formation of clots (thrombov).

It is phlebotromboosis that is the most dangerous pathology of the vessels, since the formation of thrombus arises due to changes in the coagulation properties of blood, and not as a result of their damage, as happens during thrombophlebitis.

The difference between phlebotromboosis and thrombophlebitis is that under the first pathology, the violation is manifested in a healthy vein. And this means that symptoms are weak or not at all.

Causes of development

These two diseases are the same. The formation of thrombus occurs as a result of many factors and in most cases develops against the background of violations:

1. Phlebeurysm;
2. Pathology of blood flow by veins;
3. Injury of vessel walls;
4. Deviation from the norm of blood composition;
5. Reducing blood flow rate.

Such changes in blood vessels can be caused by a number of reasons affecting the body. These include:

• Disorders of work endocrine system;
• Active growth of malignant neoplasms;
• Chronic form of vascular diseases;
• Infectious processes in the body;
• Blood violations;
• Errors in carrying out injections involving injury;
• Disorders of the nervous system;
• Frequent location of the catheter on the same site;
• Operational intervention affecting the area of \u200b\u200bthe pelvis and the abdominal cavity;
• Pregnancy and childbirth;
• Artificial interruption of pregnancy;
• Violation of the hormonal background;
• Incorrect nutrition or strict diets;
• Violation of metabolism.

Thrombophlebitis are susceptible to those vessels on which the greatest load has. Therefore, most often the lower limbs suffer from this ailment, which account for all body load, especially if a person is in motion all the time or raises gravity.

Not only oversupported, but also the lack of movement is caused by the development of thrombosis. Optimal output are moderate physical exertion.

Signs and symptoms

The main sign of phlebotromability is the sharp pain in the limb where the pathological process began. At the same time, it is not constant, but manifests itself, primarily during walking, wearing weights and other situations when there are the greatest load on the legs.

Also, for this state, the swelling of soft tissues is characterized, which is accompanied by a sense of gravity and cutting into their feet. Skin covers around the affected area are stretched and acquired a shiny shade. The expansion and blockage of veins becomes noticeable only a few days after the formation of a thrombus.

The temperature of the affected leg is usually higher at 2 0 from the total body temperature. The pulsation of the artery in the damaged leg may remain unchanged, however, it is most often reduced or completely invisible.

If a person suffers from thrombophlebitis, clinical picture Deep vessels will be practically erased. In this case, the only manifestation can serve as a large swelling at the location of the ankle joint, as well as minor pain in the calf muscle.

The acute form of thrombophlebitis manifests itself pain of a pulling nature, which arises in the area of \u200b\u200baffected vein. The very same vessel has a seal and can perform above the skin. Unlike phlebloomen, with this pathology, the pulsation in Vienna will be forgiven, and stand normally.

The signs of thrombophlebitis may be accompanied by symptoms passing in the affected limb, inflammatory process. To which can be attributed:

• General impairment of well-being;
• Chills;
• Headaches;
• Increased body temperature;
• Weakness.

With the development of thrombophlebitis, there is a uniform development of the swelling of the leg and foot. Painses are stupid character, which are enhanced by flexion or pressing the affected area.

The differences of these two diseases mass, however, in the event of the slightest suspicion or similar symptom, it is necessary to refer to the doctor for the passage of diagnostics.

Treatment

When diagnosing phlebotromability is assigned comprehensive treatment. Conservative methods Include the reception of medicines and conducting special procedures. Namely:

• Reception of anticoagulants lead blood viscosity to normal.
• DeaGregants minimize the creation of bunches and the formation of thrombus.
• Phlebotonics improve the bloodstream and lead the tone of the vessels.
• Immobilization contributes to holding the affected limb in one position.
• Compression with elastic bandages is necessary at the recovery stage.
• A diet containing the minimum amount of cholesterol.

Depending on the severity of the development of the disease can be assigned surgery. It consists in excision of veins and delete its damaged area.

In the case of diagnosing thrombophlebitis is also assigned comprehensive therapyconcluded in following procedures and preparations:

• Fixing the injured limb with the bellard bus.
• Compression clothing, as well as fixation of the foot with elastic bandages.
• Anticoagulant drugs.
• Anti-inflammatory means.
• Small amount of glucocorticoids.

Thrombophlebitis and phlebotromboosis can be treated. A favorable exodus has the greatest probability of timely detection of pathology. And attention to your health plays in this case not the last role.

the main

Thrombophlebitis and phlebotromboosis - different diseases?

In the scientific community and among the practitioners, the paradoxical situation has developed. On the one hand, from the end of the twentieth century, Phlebology is experiencing a kind of renaissance, and in specialized literature you can find work analyzing thin mechanisms of pathogenesis various diseasesDisorders are often considered in molecular and submolecular levels. At the same time, even among doctors who are daily found with the diseases of the veins in their patients in clinics and hospitals, outdated ideas about approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of the most common pathological conditions are preserved. First of all, this refers to thrombotic complications, although it is well known that it is venous thrombosis that represents the real danger of a massive pulmonary embolism with a possible fatal outcome, and it is here that the healing tactics should be as specific and unequivocal.

A certain confusion begins with medical terminology and diagnosis wording. IN clinical practice And the official documents use three different terms for the designation of thrombotic damage to the venous system: "venous thrombosis" (or thrombosis of some localization), "phlebotromboosis" and "thrombophlebit". There are no special disagreements regarding the first term. It is used as a generic designation of the whole group of diseases. As for the "thrombophlebitis" and "phlebotromability", then these terms alone clinicians are used as synonyms, others consider them various concepts that indicate fundamentally different pathological conditions from each other.

Previously, it was believed that with thrombophlebitis, the inflammatory process primarily affects the venous wall and only then a thrombus is formed, tightly sold out with it from the very moment of its occurrence. Consequently, the risk of separation of such a thrombus and the embolization of the pulmonary arterial bed is practically absent. This provision for many years has noded from the textbook to the textbook. Based on it, treatment tactics and tactics were lined up. Phlebotrombosis, in turn, was considered as the process of forming a thrombus in a vessel, without any preceding changes in the vascular wall. This explained often scarce symptoms of phlebotomability and high likelihood of thrombus with the development of a pulmonary embolism.

Such representations have developed in those years from us when the operations on thrombic main veins were carried out non-aid more often than on the heart, and personal experience In the emergency phlebology of many angiohurirs, there were no pairs of dozens of operations. From the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, this scheme did not stand the test of time, and from the point of view of modern phlebology today it is clear that there are no fundamental differences of the pathogenesis of thrombophlebitis and phlebotromability. Inflammatory changes in the walls of the vein (as a rule, aseptic) of any genesis lead to thrombosis in the lumen of the vessel, and the formation of the thrombus in the venous vessel is accompanied by the reaction of the endothelium and the development of the phlebitis. Both of these processes are thrombosis and phlebitis - often go in parallel, mutually initiating and supporting one of the other. The arguments that primary - phlebit or thrombosis, which, according to canonical ideas, underlies the division of these pathological conditions is a flowless scholastic dispute, a very similar to the reality discussion of eggs or chicken. From the outcome of such a dispute, in no way depend on the likelihood of complications of thrombosis and therapeutic and diagnostic tactics. In this, we are convinced of a huge clinical experience Center for emergency phlebological assistance to the first grad hospital in Moscow. N.I. Pirogov. With very poor clinical symptoms of deep veins, the expressed phlebitis and inflammatory changes in paravasant tissues are often detected during operation in the primary thrombosis zone. At the same time, with the "classic" thrombophlebitis of a large subcutaneous vein, accompanied by bright signs of the inflammatory process, the proximal part of the thrombus in the zone of the sauphohemoral coal can be completely free in the lumen of the vessel, and the phenomena of the phlebitis of this vascular segment will appear only after a few days. Thus, if we follow canonical ideas, the same patient in different departments of the affected venous bed are simultaneously observed both phlebotromboosis and thrombophlebitis.

By understanding the conventionality of such a division, but by giving the tribute to the current tradition, now most of the phlebogogov use the term "thrombophlebit" to refer to the lesion of the subcutaneous veins, when local inflammatory symptoms are clearly visible, and the term "phlebotromboosis" is to refer to the deepest veins. In the latter case, the signs of the phlebitis are minorly notable, since Vienna is deeply in the fascial case, and the fact of thrombosis has to be judged on the signs of impaired venous outflow from the limb (edema, cyanosis, driving pain, etc.). Meanwhile, macro and microscopic changes in the venous wall of an inflammatory nature are present in this case, and they are identical to those with a thrombophlebitis of subcutaneous veins.

The exception is extremely rare in our days cases of purulent melting of thrombotic masses, which can occur both in surface and in the deep venous system. In general, phlebitis, as a rule, is aseptic character, and the role of the inttion is limited by secondary changes in the hemocoagulation. This must be remembered when planning therapeutic activities.

From a clinical point of view the greatest value is the acute thrombophlebitis of subcutaneous veins. lower extremities, Since it is precisely with such localization that the thrombotic process is able to switch to a deep venous system with all the ensuing consequences: from the development of pulmonary arteries in the acute stage of the disease before the formation of chronic venous insufficiency in long-term observation terms.

It should be noted that today for some doctors, the term "thrombophlebitis" is generally synonymous with the varicose expansion of the subcutaneous veins, especially if there are conglomerates of venous nodes with a thinned wall, which become dense and tense in the patient position.

On the other hand, general practitioners often consider thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins banal and not dangerous diseaseflowing benign and rarely giving complications, in contrast to phlebotromability, threatening pulmonary embolism. This is another negative consequence of the opposition of two terms denoting the process one in its pathophysiological essence. The practical conclusion from this fact should be a distinct realization that the thrombotic process in subcutaneous veins may be accompanied by a deception of deep veins. This is possible due to the propagation of thrombosis through a saphenofemoral or saffenopotal substrate, through perforate veins, as well as due to the simultaneous formation of thrombus in any venous segment as a patient and visually a healthy limb. With an active search using tool methods Surveys of deep veins thrombosis detect at least 10% of patients with thrombophlebitis.

In many cases, the threat to the transition of thrombosis on the deep veins can be prevented. If this is not done in a timely manner, the pathological process goes to a fundamentally different state. Even if the patient does not develop a thromboembolism of pulmonary arteries, directly threatening his life, then the trombosis of the main veins and the subsequent post-lubricoflicic disease require a complex, expensive, long-term, sometimes lifelong treatment.

Dangerous phlebotromboosis - almost asymptomatic disease with severe complications and treatment

Phlebotrombosis is a disease characterized by forming blood clots inside deep veins. Preventive blood flow. This disease is quite dangerous, because Due to the overlap of the vessel on ¾, there are serious disorders in the power supply of cells.

Phlebotrombosis is also characterized by the development of inflammatory processes in vessels, but after the occurrence of blood clot.

Development of the disease

As a rule, the development of the disease is associated with an increase in blood viscosity, blood flow impaired, as a consequence, a blood closure occurs, which is attached to the wall of the vessel.

Due to the fact that the thrombus increases gradually and attachment becomes more stable only on day 5, its association with phlebotromboosis begins only after this period.

Obvious symptoms of phlebotromability are not manifested immediately, which is associated with deep lumpy vascular. And begin with edema, accompanied by rapid fatigue and general weakness.

Differences from other types of thrombosis

Thrombosis is the common name of the pathological processes related to blood closures blockage.

The development of thrombosis assumes the presence of factors contributing to the enhanced formation of platelets and fibrin, which are the main components of the thrombus.

In the event that the process hits the surface vessels - they say thrombophlebitis, if deep - phlebommbose .

Development and manifestations of diseases differ significantly; With thrombophlebitis, the symptoms are manifested much earlier than with phlebotromboosis, this is due not only to the position of vessels, but also with various sizes, and veins functions.

Causes of disease

Prerequisites for illness have characteristic manifestations that are called triad Virhov. Thrombosis develops if there is at least one of the signs.

All other factors contributing to the development of phlebotromability of deep veins are secondary and eventually lead to one or several factors from the Virchov triad.

• genetic defects (can provoke blood hypercoagulation);
• autoimmune diseases - also provoke a violation of blood coagulation activity;
• various tumor diseases, metastasis and no;
• long immobilization (bedding, or frequent flights in a forced stationary position);
• low-loving, sitting work;
• long-term reception of oral contraceptives, especially in conjunction with bad habits (smoking, drug intake, frequent alcohol intake);
• fractures strong bruisesOperational interventions.

Symptoms and signs

Phlebotrombosis is quite complicated in the diagnosis, due to the long lack of obvious symptoms, but there are a number of special studies that allow you to correctly recognize symptoms of the disease:

1. Symptom of Homans. Characterizes the obstruction of the deep veins of the shin. In the position lying on the back, the legs are bent in the knees, it is bent in the ankle joint in the back direction. If pain in the calf muscle appears, the result is positive.
2. Pyra Symptom. If, when pressed with a finger with the back of the ankle, pain in the calf muscle appears, then the symptom is positive.
3. Lovenberg symptom. The shin is applied to the cuffs of the Sphigmotonometer. In the injection of air in to pressure 60 - 150 mm.rt.st. In the index muscle there is an acute pain.
4. Symptom of Pratt. Refers to external manifestations. The skin becomes glossy and appears vascular grid by limb.
5. Symptom of Shperling - manifests itself in a pale skin color, with a bluish tint.

Unpleasant thrombosis of the lower limbs can cause a whole set of unpleasant complications. Find out what you can here.

And additional signs:

• fast fatigue appears;
• tachycardia arises;
• there is an increase in temperature to 39 and 40 ° C;
• pain, can be pulling, powder, can be intensified in a vertical position.

Almost all listed symptoms characterize phlebotromboosis of deep lower extremities, or a hip area.

Classification of pathology

Classified deep veins thrombosis at the location of the localization of the disease, according to the features of the flow, according to the degree of development.

Localization

Thrombosis in vessels related to the bottom hollow Vienna:

• ileofemoral;
• muscle veins of the shin;
• barrel thrombosis of the bottom of the vein;
• cavaileemoral thrombosis.

Thrombosis in vessels belonging to upper Vienna Hollow :

• in the area of \u200b\u200bthe mouth of the unpaired vein;
• vein tromboosis;
• thrombosis of the nameless veins;
• thrombosis of the subclavian and axillary veins;
• full thrombosis of the veins of the upper limb.

More often, a little summarizing, allocate only 4 species phlebotrosis.

• deep veins thrombosis;
• thrombosis of popliteal veins;
• femoral;
• phlebotrombosis iliac-femur (Ileofemoral).

According to the degree of development

• acute (not more than 2 weeks);
• subacute (after 2 weeks and to two months).

By appearance, thromba

• occlusal (stretched by vessel);
• neokelsion (cloth);
• flotizing (attached only by a small area to the vessel wall, movable - are the most dangerous, because Embowen).

Diagnostic techniques

Formation of thromba

The diagnosis of phlebotrosis from checking availability begins characteristic symptoms . In the future, the diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory and hardware techniques.

Laboratory are aimed at identifying trapping factors, change in the quantitative composition of uniform elements blood:

• TEG - graphic determination of coagulation;
• ACTV - the rate of blood coagulation is determined;
• tombin generation test and others.

• ultrasonic methods (using different coloring components or without them);
• vitosity - allows you to see the entire venous grid and location of clots;
• MRI with the use of contrasts allows you to see the state of deep veins.
• radioisotope scintigraphy.

Right I. timely diagnosis Significantly facilitates the treatment process and will avoid serious consequences of the disease.

A complex of medical procedures

The disease is quite complicated, respectively, and the treatment of phleburosis of deep veins cannot be simple. Approach to treatment always complex. Depending on the etiology and the degree of development of the disease, various techniques are applicable.

Urgent Care

Lies in immobilization and urgent hospitalization in the surgical department.

It is necessary in the case of acute phlebotromability, which manifested in the form of a strong edema, sawing pain, cyanosis of skin, increasing body temperature.

Conservative treatment

Includes complex of medication therapy and specialized manipulations:

1. anticoagulant drugs (allow us to normalize blood viscosity);
2. preparations - Phlebotoniki (for receiving inside, allow you to increase the tone of the vessels, which improves blood flow);
3. deaGreganta (reluctant thrombocyte sticking, not allowing to form aggregates);
4. anti-inflammatory therapy (most often nonteroid drugs, relieve inflammation);
5. elastic compression (Binting, compression linen) - an important stage in recovery after phlebotromability.
6. immobilization In a position when the limb is in highlight.
7. low threaderine diet With phlebommbose.

Surgery

Indications to the operation These are: Embogenic thrombosis, gangrene vessel, ascending thrombosis, purulent phlebotromboosis.

1. Excision of a vessel - For large veins, prosthetics are used, or, if it allows the vein, it is simply shortened with the removal of a damaged area;

In the photo Operation during phlebotrombell

What is the danger of phlebromability

Long-term stay of the veins in a state of insufficient nutrition leads to a variety of complications life-threatening.

The most common:

• post-Trobophlebitic syndrome - develops after the relief of acute phenomena. Leads to severe chronic venous insufficiency;
• trophic ulcers are developing from venous insufficiency;
• complication of ascending or floting thrombosis can be thromboembolism pulmonary arterywhich leads to a heart attack.

Preventive measures

The main methods of prevention should be associated with avoiding blood stagnation, or an increase in blood viscosity:

• healthy diet (introduction to the diet of products of thinning blood);
• with forced immobilization - a long flight in an uncomfortable posture, use compression linen;
• move mobile I. healthy image life;
• periodically undergo a survey in the clinic.

Thus, phlebotromboosis requires urgent treatment, special attention should be paid to the recovery period and prophylactic measures.

Video: Thrombosis of deep veins

Thrombophlebitis and thrombosis can be distinguished by the location of the affected area. The development of thrombophlebitis occurs on veins going directly under the skin, and thrombosis usually occurs on deep venous vessels.

In the development of thrombophlebitis, the thrombus appear in the deformed veins, and thrombosis may occur in any venous vessel, which has no changes.

Thrombophlebitis and phlebotrombosis appear on the walls of deep veins. But the first can develop on a superficial vein, and the second appears only on the walls of deep veins.

Thrombophlebitis appears in varicose expansion of venous vessels, during the damage to the venous wall, when there is a violation of the flow of blood plasma from the limb, slowing the circulation of blood flow. At the same time, a thrombus is formed, covering the clearance on Vienna.

Phlebotrombosis occurs on the unmembeddly, deep-byte venous channel when the veins itself is immutable. A thrombus is formed on the wall of the vessel, which has a loose structure. It is easily removed and can move with blood flow, which leads to the development of thromboembolism. If the vein varicosely extended, thrombophlebitis may appear together with phlebotromboosis. The first gives full symptoms of the lesion, and the second flows without any symptoms.

Typically, pathological changes in venous canals begin to develop due to the varicose expansion of the veins themselves, the defeats of the inner walls of the vessels due to various injuries, the development of infection and many other reasons. All this slows down blood circulation in venous canals, and stagnation leads to inflammatory processes. Blood clots appear, which are quickly hardening, forming blood clots. This leads to full blood abandon, inflammation of soft tissues of legs or hands.

In contrast to thrombophlebitis, thrombosis is considered more dangerous, since it may develop blood cells due to the slightest damage of veins. And phlebotrombosis with thrombophlebitis appear due to changes in the properties of the blood itself.

Thrombosis can develop in non-visible venous vessels, and the appearance of thrombophlebitis is almost always associated with varicose veins. During thrombosis, symptoms of the disease is not expressed as clearly, as it occurs when thrombophlebitis appears, which is much easier to identify, as it proceeds with noticeable inflammatory processes at the local and general levels.

Factors affecting the appearance of pathologies

The difference in the causes of the development of one or another disease on the veins of the limbs is small. At both types of parables, thrombus are formed. Regardless of the location of any of the pathologies, the main reasons for their appearance are considered:

• development of varicose ailments;
• various diseases of the vessels;
• injuries of veins walls;
• pathology when changing the composition of blood, increasing its coagulation;
• slow and stagnation in the bloodstream.

Typically, such states of the person can lead the diseases of the endocrine system, various tumors, chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, infection (both local and general). The lesions may appear due to blood diseases, allergies, with neurotrophic disorders. Vienna may be damaged when carrying out an injection or during a long period of catheterization, operations on the pelvic part and the lower abdomen. Often a major role in the appearance of ailments on the veins plays local inflammation or a purulent process. Thrombosis or thrombophlebitis can be caused by a metabolic disorder, irrational nutrition, smoking and drunkenness, hormonal failures. Women may affect the appearance of venous diseases pregnancy, abortion, childbirth.

Thrombophlebitis may arise due to the deformation of the veins occurring in excess loads on hip joints, for example, with long-term finding on the legs, large physical Loads (lifting weights). But this also happens at the low mobility of the patient, sedentary working when the blood is stagnant on the legs.

Symptomatics of various vesions of the veins

Thrombosis differs from thrombophlebitis and phlebotromability and its signs. With the last two illnesses, the patient develops pain in the place of defeat on the limb. But it is not constant, although it can dramatically increase when walking, long standing or lifting severity. After that, there may be edema on the tissues, the severity in the legs. The skin around the seat, affected by the thrombus, shines, is strongly stretched, gives an unnatural glitter. Intense and extended veins can be seen 3-4 days after the formation of blood clots.

The skin temperature on the legs may increase by two degrees. In some patients, it causes a common rise in body temperature. The pulsation of the artery on the sore leg can be weakened or missing at all.

If the thrombosis of deep veins or calf vessels begins, the symptomatics is usually erased, since in most cases a sign of the disease is a small swelling in the zone of the ankle joint and small soreness in caviar during physical tension.

Acute thrombophlebitis on surface veins gives a pain of a pull, which is localized at the site of the development of the thromba itself. The patient of Vienna is compacted and begins to come over the surface of the skin. At the same time, the pulsation on the arteries of the leg does not disappear, as it occurs during thrombosis. Move the patient's foot is difficult to the limb, swelling is fixed. In the course of the affected veins, swelling appears. Nice hyperemia on soft tissues, infiltration. Skin cover in the location of the thrombus shines. With varicose extension of veins, it is very strained. During the feeling of the affected area, the patient feels a strong pain.

Thrombophlebitis is accompanied as follows inflammation: the patient begins sharp deterioration well-being, he complains about general weakness, pain in my head, his torment chills. Perhaps a significant increase in temperature - up to 38-40ºС.

In the development of thrombophlebitis on deep veins, uniform edema on the leg and foot is observed. Soreness is stupid. It can sharply increase when pressed on caviar or fold foot. It is difficult for a patient to walk, and in some segments of time, the pain is so amplified that a person cannot step on his leg.

If you have at least one of the above symptoms, you need to seek help to the doctor of the corresponding specialty (phlebologist).

The patient will host a medical examination and, if any of the described diseases of the veins, will begin to treat the illness. Oplain is better not to do because of possible complications.

Diseases of thrombophlebitis and phlebotromboosis are characterized by the lifeline formation of blood cloth in the lumen of the venous vessel, are accompanied by characteristic features and change in blood movement.

With all the consonance of these terms, they are absolutely different in content. this is acute disease Superficial veins, accompanied by inflammation of the vessel wall.

Phlebotrombosis affects deep veins without inflammation of the vascular wall. We will analyze in more detail the differences in thrombophlebitis from phlebotromability.

Phlebotromboosis

A condition that develops in the formation of thrombus in deep veins. Reasons become:

• diseases causing changes in blood clotting;
• operational interventions, including dental;
• diseases of lungs and hearts leading to blood stagnation and increased formation of blood clots;
• prolonged forced immobilization after strokes or injuries;
• damage to the inner shell of vessels by microbial, pharmacological or chemical factors.

Circumstances that contribute to the development of thrombosis:

• diabetes mellitus of any type;
• oncological diseases;
• obesity;
• reception of hormonal contraceptives;
• reception steroids;
• injuries;
• pregnancy;
• neoplasm in small pelvis.

Disease manifestations depend on the location of the thrombus and which vessel is damaged. In contrast to acute thrombophlebitis, they are less pronounced and the diagnosis is harder. But there are symptoms, with the appearance of which you need to immediately contact the doctor:

• the appearance of strong pain in the calf muscles, amplifying when driving;
• swelling of the leg and ankle;
• redness of the skin, accompanied by pain in the muscles;
• pain, swelling, redness of large joints;
• expansion of subcutaneous vessels.

These signs will be different in terms of severity and are located in different places. If the thrombus is in deep veins of the tibia, then the swelling, the extension of the vascular pattern will be on the legs.

If the lifting vein thrombosis develops, then the swelling will be in the area of \u200b\u200bthe belt, and the surface veins will expand on the stomach. In any case, when such symptoms appear, it is necessary to immediately seek medical attention.

Thrombophlebit

The pathology of surface vessels rarely begins independently. This is the complication of the flow of varicose disease. Clinical current in acute subacute and chronic form ˗ phlebotrombosis and thrombophlebitis difference in what is?

Anatomically ˗ failure in the work of lymphatic and blood vessels, disruption blood flow and blood cloves. Mostly suffer small and large subcutaneous veins. States, "helping" the emergence of the disease:

• surgical interventions and injuries;
• pregnancy and childbirth;
• purulent-septic diseases;
• allergic reactions.

Signs:

• in the course of surface vessels there are painful seals resembling heavy;
• swelling of surrounding tissues;
• redness of the skin;
• excessive blood flow of surface vessels;
• worstification of general well-being (chills, weakness, sweating).

The severity of symptoms gradually increases. "Bruises" in the course of the veins are formed, dense nodules are felt when parsing. The pain is enhanced and spreads, swelling increases. Everything listed is urgently contact your phlebologist.

Despite the differences in the mechanisms of development and the symptoms of these two states there are similar moments.

Treatment of thrombosis

Effective treatment of both pathologies combines appointment medicinal preparationsMinding the formation of new thrombus and solvent existing and surgical removal of thromboms. Only with such a combined approach can be achieved. My patients were used, thanks to which you can get rid of varicose veins in 2 weeks without much effort.

Diseases of facial vessels

Output of phlebitis, thrombophlebitis and phlebosis of the persons are related to the fact that narrow specialists in the field of maxillo are engaged in the treatment of these diseases. facial Surgery. A few words about the causes of the development of these diseases.

The disease of the surface facial veins develops as a complication of inflammatory processes of fabric fabrics (furuncular, carbuncules, acne). It is manifested as well as thrombophlebitis lower limbs, but with more pronounced signs of intoxication.

Deep facial veins are affected by the complication of injuries and dental interventions (tooth removal). Complication is extremely rare. Modern dentistry of phlebitis, thrombophlebitis and phlebotromability practically excluded the development of these pathologies. It is extremely difficult to diagnose it and often he ends with a person's disabilities or death.

What are the differences from phlebitis?

A look at two of these pathological conditions, as absolutely different, has developed a long time. But such a position could not withstand the test of time. Modern phlebology has proven that there are no significant differences in their development.

The inflammation of the wall of the vessel leads to the formation of a thrombus, and blocking the blood clogging to the development of inflammation. It is impossible to establish what is primary, and what is secondary.

In relation to the phlebitis and thrombosis, it reminds reasoning about chicken and egg. By giving tribute to tradition, the doctors use the term "phlebotromboosis" to indicate the lesion of deep veins, and the "thrombophlebitis" ˗ superficial.

Almost important is only one thing: the disease that started from surface vessels may, at any time, spread to deep. Lead to the development of life-threatening states. And the main task of the Phlaball doctor is to prevent this.

Thrombophlebitis and phlebotrombosis often consider synonyms, the names of the same disease. In fact, it is not. Despite the partly similar etiology, these are different pathologies. So what is the difference in thrombosis and thrombophlebitis? What factors affect their development? What kind of symptoms show the defeat of the veins in the first and in the second case?

Specificity of disease

The main difference of thrombosis from thrombophlebitis is the location location. Thrombophlebitis is usually evolving in surface venous vessels, while thrombosis more often affects deep veins. In addition, when thrombophlebitis, the blood clots are formed in deformed vessels, while thrombosis may occur in unchanged, normal veins.

The cause of pathological changes in veins, as a rule, becomes varicose extension, damage to the inner walls blood vessel Due to injury, infection (local, common), etc. As a result of damage, blood flow through the vein is broken, slows down. As a result, it leads to inflammation of the vessel, the formation of dense blood clots in it, even more interfering with the passage of blood on the veins, inflammation of the soft tissues of the lower or upper limbs.

Thrombosis is considered a much more dangerous disease. For him, as well as for thrombophlebitis, the formation of thrombos veins that prevent the normal passage of blood along the vessels is characterized. However, phlebotromboosis of deep veins, first of all, arises due to the violation of the coagulation properties of the blood itself, and not damage to the vessels.

Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis are mainly different in that the first can occur in an unrevented vein. This explains the frequent lack of or small expression of symptoms of pathology.

As for thrombophlebitis, it is much easier to identify it. The disease flows against the background of the inflammatory process in Vienna, therefore almost always accompanied by the inflammation of local and shared phenomena.

Causes of pathologies

There are no significant differences in the etiology of diseases. The formation of thrombus in both cases is promoted by multiple factors. Regardless of the localization of pathology, and thrombosis, and thrombophlebitis arise on the background:

• Varicose disease.
• Vascular diseases.
• Damage to venous walls.
• Pathologically changed blood composition.
• Increased blood clotting.
• Slow bleeding.

In turn, the reasons for the development of such states become:

• Endocrine diseases.
• Oncological diseases.
• Chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• General and local infectious diseases.
• Blood diseases.
• Neurotrophic disorders.
• Allergic processes.
• Intravenous injections in which damage to the blood vessel occurs.
• Veins catheterization for a long time.
• Operations carried out in the area of \u200b\u200bthe hip joint, the pelvic dna, the lower part of the abdominal cavity.
• Local inflammatory, purulent processes.
• Incorrect meals
• Bad habits.
• Violation of general metabolism processes.
• Hormonal regulation failures.
• Abortions.
• Pregnancy, childbirth.

Most often, thrombophlebitis develops in deformed veins. The deformation of the vessels occurs due to excess loads on the hip joints, legs (lifting weights, long-flowing on the legs, etc.). Accordingly, in the risk zone there are people active, exposed to excessive physical exertion.

But the lack of movement is also harmful to health. A sedentary lifestyle, sitting work lead to the formation of blood stagnation phenomena in the veins of the lower extremities. The consequence of such states becomes a violation of normal blood flow, expansion, veins deformation, education in their lumens of blood clots, thromboms.

Basic symptoms and signs

The main feature of phlebotromability is suddenly flashing pain in the affected limb. Paints are not constant, but enhanced loads on the legs (walking, lifting weights, long standing).

Next, there is a swelling of the fabrics. There is a feeling of gravity, cutting the legs. The skin around the thrombied area of \u200b\u200bthe vein cyanotic (blue shade) is strongly stretched, glitters. Extended tense veins become noticeable in a few days from the date of the blood closure.

The limb temperature rises by 1.5-2 degrees. It is possible to increase the total body temperature. The pulsation of the arteries of the sore limb may not be broken, but most often felt weakly either completely.

With the thrombosis of the callers or only deep veins, the clinical picture of the disease is erased. In such cases, a single symptom of the pathology has been served by a slight swelling in the field of ankle joint and pain in the icy muscle, arising during physical tension.

With acute thrombophlebitis of surface veins, the first symptoms become painfulness drawing character. The pain is localized in the region of the thrombied section of the blood vessel. The affected vein is sealed, protrudes over the surface of the skin. Unlike thrombosis, the pulsation of the arteries and the temperature of the limb remains normal.

There is a swelling of a sick leg, engineering functions are difficult. In the course of thrombied veins, swelling is observed, infiltration, soft tissue hyperemia. The skin acquires a blue shade. Varicious extended veins are stressed, with a palpation of affected areas, severe pain occurs.

Specific signs of thrombophlebitis are often accompanied by inflammatory symptoms:

1. 1. Detergence of well-being;
2. 2. General weakness;
3. 3. chills;
4. 4. Headache;
5. 5. Increased body temperature (in severe cases up to 39 degrees).

The thrombophlebitis of deep veins is manifested by a uniform swelling of the foot and lower leg. The pain stupid is sharply intensified when pressed on the calf muscle, when flexing the foot. Walking the patient can hardly. Sometimes the pain is so strong that a person cannot stand on his leg.

With the appearance of any described symptoms, it is necessary to obtain a consultation of the phlebologist. To pass a medical examination and in the case of the detection of thrombophlebitis or thrombosis, immediately begin adequate treatment under the guidance of the doctor.