Salicyl alcohol formula. Instructions for the use of salicylic acid in medicine and cosmetology - indications, side effects and price. Salicylic acid derivatives

12.09.2020 Preparations

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted by http://www.allbest.ru/

Introduction
1. History of opening
2. Finding in nature
3. Physical properties
4. Chemical properties
5. Antiseptic properties
6. Salicylic acid in cosmetics and medicine
7. Salicylic acid derivatives
8. Experimental part
Conclusion
Literature

Introduction

Recently, we began to pay attention to the composition of cosmetics for adolescents, and it turned out that many of them contain salicylic acid. In the lessons of chemistry, we studied carboxylic acids and their derivatives, but there was little about salicylic acid. That is why we became interested in this substance and conducted research. The results were issued in this work.

The purpose of ours work it is the study and study of the properties of salicylic acid.

To achieve the goal we put the following tasks:

· Examine literature on salicylic acid;

· Examine the physical and chemical properties of salicylic acid;

· Prove the antiseptic properties of salicylic acid;

· Find out the content of salicylic acid in food and cosmetics.

Object of study :

· salicylic acid;

· cosmetics;

· Food.

Research methods :

· Analysis,

· Comparison

· Observation,

· Experiment.

Hypothesis Research :

Possessing antiseptic properties, salicylic acid is used in cosmetics to combat adolescence.

Relevance: The most often acne is found among adolescents aged 15 to 18 and therefore the disease also has another name - "Teenage rash".

The tendency of "growing" of this disease is currently determined by the relevance of this problem and the need for a deeper knowledge of the properties of chemicals (anti-inflammatory) and the ability to use them correctly.

1. History of opening

The smallest tree on the planet is herbal whale. It grows in the tundra, its height does not exceed 5 cm. In total, there are 170 types of IV. Scientists believe that this plant appeared on Earth 145 million years ago.

Use IVA people learned for a long time. Baskets and woven furniture are made of her rods. But the tree bark found a much more interesting application - with its help various infectious diseases and gout were treated, it was used to facilitate pain and temperature reduction. "Scientific" history of the drug base of such a tincture takes its beginning since 1763, when Rev. Edward Stone, a priest from Chipping Norton, did in the Royal Society of London. Chemists interested in Willow.

In 1838 it was found that salicylic acid was an active component of the Willow of Willow - the Italian chemist Raphael Piria highlighted it from the yawl bark, determined chemical composition And successfully synthesized the acid. This chemist, exploring the spree products of salicin, located in the roots and leaves of SALIX HELIX, allocated a Salicyl aldehyde C 6 H 4 (OH) CHO, which, when fusing with caviar Cali, broke up at the acid, which he called salicylic, and the corresponding alcohol - salighenine. A year after that, the discovery of Levig and Vidman opened salicylic acid in Spirca Ulmaria colors, and in 1843 Kagur showed that the main part of the Halteroic oil is salicylovo-ethyl ether from 6 H 4 (it) - SAO 2 H 5. Studies of these scientists dealt with mainly the presence of salicylic acid in those or other products of the plant kingdom, and they absolutely did not concern the structure of salicylic acid, which was simply taken for biennial acid, and only due to the works of Kolbe (1860), the formula of salicylic acid was established, which is now considered as orthooxybenzoic acid. Practical medicinal application Salicylic acid then did not receive. Only 15 years later, sodium salt of salicylic acid was used.

2. Finding in nature

In nature, salicylic acid occurs in plants in the form of derivatives - mainly in the form of a methyl ether glycoside in SALIX L, in a free form, along with salicyl aldehyde, in small quantities, contains in essential oil isolated from colors of certain types of spiries (Spiaea Ulmaria, Spiaea Digitata).

3. Physical properties

Salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid): White needle crystals of sweetish-sour taste, without smell, resistant in air, but very fragile, break with the slightest touch; poorly soluble in cold water (1.8 g / l at 20 ° C), but is well soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether and other polar organic solvents; Density 1.44g / ml, T pl \u003d 159 ° C.

4. Chemical properties

salicylic acid benzene

Salicyl (the old name "spiral") acid corresponds to the formula nose 6 H 4 coxy; In its molecule, there is a benzene ring with hydroxyl (-on) and carboxyl (-son) groups, so on. Salicylic acid is an aromatic oxic acid. The reactivity of the benzene ring of salicylic acid is determined by the presence of two substituents with opposite mesomeric and inductive effects: a donor hydroxyl functional group and acceptor carboxyl, as well as the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond, which allows you to stabilize carboxylate-ion, which leads to an increase in its acidity. As a result, salicylic acid is much easier than benzoic, but not as active as phenol, reacts in the reaction of electrophyl substitution.

The nucleophilic substitution is directed to the ortho and para-position to hydroxyl and most often accompanied by decarboxylation: so, the nitration of salicylic acid leads to the formation of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol), and brominating - to 2,4,6-tribromophenol.

1. When heated, decarboxylation is made to form phenol:

From 6 N 4 (OH) Soam\u003e C 6 H 5 ON + CO 2

2. Salicylic acid enters the reaction of nucleophilic replacement by the benzene ring:

a) Nuting with the formation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol:

C 6 H 4 (OH) Soam + 3NNO 3\u003e C 6 H 2 (NO 2) 3 ON + CO 2 + 3N 2 O

b) bromination with the formation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol:

From 6 N 4 (OH) Soam + 3Vr 2\u003e C 6 H 2 WR 3 it + CO 2 + 3NVR

3. As oxyc acid, it enters the esterification reaction, forming esters:

From 6 H 4 (OH) Soam + C 2N 5 ON\u003e C 6 H 4 (OH) SAO 2N 5 + N 2 O

4. Under the action of alkali metal hydroxide, salicylic acid is able to dissolve, at the same time the phenolicosol of alkali metal is formed:

From 6 N 4 (OH) Soam + NaOH\u003e C 6 H 4 (OH) compared + H 2

5. Under the action of alkali metal carbonates, salicylic acid is able to exhibit different degrees of carboxyla and phenolic hydroxyl acidity. The reaction passes with the formation of salts. In this case, the carboxyl group of salicylic acid decomposes alkali metal carbonates, displacing weak coalic acid. Phenolic hydroxyl has more weak acidic properties compared with coal acid and remains free, as these salts are not able to decide:

2C 6 H 4 (OH) - COOH + Na 2 CO 3\u003e 2C 6 H 4 (OH) - Coona + H 2 O + CO 2

6. The qualitative method of detection of salicylic acid is based on the formation of intensively painted in the blue-purple color of complexes with iron chloride (III). This property is manifested not only in water, but also in alcohol solution.

5. Antiseptic properties

Salicylic acid has weak antiseptic, irritating and keratolithic (at high concentrations) properties and is used in medicine externally in masses, pastes, supresses and solutions in the treatment skin disease. Thanks to antiseptic action, salicylic acid is used:

Sh when preserving foods;

W in the production of azocrase, fragrant substances (salicylic acid esters);

W for colorimetric definitions Fe and Cu;

W for thorium separation from other elements.

Minimum amounts of salicylic acid stop the fermentation of grape sugar, paralyzing the activity of yeast fungus. 1: 1000 solution detains the development of mold; 1: 3000 solution delays the growth of the sybounded sticks; 1 part of the acid at 1500 water causes a complete stop in the development of the Bacill of Siberian ulcers. In 0.4% solution is prevented by putrid decomposition of meat. Despite such significant antiseptic properties, salicylic acid, as a disinfecting agent has a relatively small application in medicine. This is due to the fact that it is difficult soluble and easily enters into a connection with phosphate acid and carbonic salts, while significantly losing their disinfecting properties.

6. Salicylic acid in cosmetics and medicine

The wider use of antiseptic properties of salicylic acid has found in cosmetics. In care for problem skin, it is simply indispensable. Salicylic acid enters the aspirin group, so inflammation treats effectively and relieves redness without causing allergies. Using constantly face cream with salicylic acid, you can not only get rid of acne, but also stop the process of skin aging.

Now salicylic acid is used to treat acne and chemical skin cleansing. Without cleaning the skin of the pores, the cells will slowly update, the skin will become a flabby and dim. Penetrating into the skin, salicylic acid breaks the links between the inflamed and dead cells. Due to this, there is an exfoliation of oroging cells and skin updates. Salicylic acid is very gently and gently removes the layer of dead cells, while the skin does not become more sensitive to the effects of solar radiation. In other words, salicylic acid-based face care facilities are the best peeling, simple and safe for use at home.

However, when using preparations based on salicylic acid, caution must be taken. This is due to its concentration - exist results. clinical studiesproving that funds with high concentration (more than 2%) cause skin irritation for each fourth consumer. Therefore, in order to avoid irritation and redness on the face and do not overcover your sensitive skin, choose cosmetics with one-percent salicylic acid.

Salicylic acid is widely used in dermatology:

W jointly with boric acid included in the composition of the powers used in hyperhydrosis (increased sweating) and eczema;

W 1-2% Salicylic acid solution is used to wipe skin during seborrhea;

W 1% Salicylic alcohol solution is used for skin kneading during red eels;

W 5-10% Salicylic alcohol is used to wipe the skin with a deceive lisp, eritresses, healthy skin areas around the foci of pyodermy and so on;

W 2% Salicyl ointment is used in the treatment of chronic dermatoses (psoriasis, etc.);

W 1% salicyl Vaseline It is used in conjunction with Lanolin as a softening agent during ichthyosis (rubbed after hot baths);

W salicylovo-zinc paste (Lassar Pasta) - Pasta Zinci-Salicylata - Salicylic acids - 1.0, zinc oxide - 12.5, starch - 12.5, yellow vaseline - up to 50.0. Salicylic acid is well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract And it has an antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Salicylic acid quickly stands out from the body. Most of it stands out during the first day. The release of salicylic acid occurs through the kidneys and sweat glands. When excavation through the kidneys, salicylic acid causes strengthening of urinary and urinary separation with urine.

The local action of salicylic acid on the skin is used in the treatment of various skin diseases, in particular to combat hyperkeratosis (reminity) and high sweating.

It is unwanted to use ointments containing salicylic acid at a concentration of more than 5% on large areas of the skin (with common dermatoses), as the acid is easily absorbed into the skin, which can cause the body poisoning. When processing salicylic acid in high concentrations of damage skin surrounding healthy skin Need to protect against irritation.

7. Salicylic acid derivatives

Not only salicylic acid has antiseptic properties, but also its derivatives. Preparations of a group of salicylic acid are classical antimorrhea. In addition to anti-inflammatory, they have a well-pronounced antipyretic and painkillers. The anti-inflammatory effect of salicylic drugs is not associated with antimicrobial influence, but depends on their ability to stimulate the release of the adrenocorticotropic hormone. This hormone in turn enhances the branch of the hormones of the adrenal cortex, which have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect.

Preparations of salicylic acid

Sh Acetylsalicylic acid(Aspirin from 6 H 4 (OSOS 3) of the Soam) is used as an antipyretic, anesthetic, as an anti-inflammatory and anti-empty drug.

Sh Methylsalicylateit is used externally as an anti-inflammatory and anesthetic agent in its pure form, more often in mixtures with chloroform, turbidar and oily oils for rubbing with neuralgias, rheumatism, mosites, etc.

Sh Sodium Salicylateit is used as an analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-protod and anthevatic agent, especially in the treatment of acute articular rheumatism.

Sh Salicylamide It is used to treat rheumatism, irrematic arthritis, etc. Salicylamide is less toxic than other salicylates and is better tolerated by patients (less often arise sideflines).

Sh Salicylic alcohol - outdoor antiseptic, distracting, keratolytic and irritating means.

Sh Salicyl ointment It is used as a local antiseptic and keratolithic agent.

8. Experimental part

Experience 1.. Crystallization

Salicylic acid alcohol solution was placed in Petri dish and left in a warm place. The next day we saw small, needle crystals.

Experience 2.. Acid properties of salicylic acid

In the solution of salicylic acid, we place the Lacmus indicator: we observe the red staining, therefore, this substance exhibits acidic properties.

C 6 H 4 (OH) - COOH- C 6 H 4 (OH) - COO - + H +

Experience 3.. Qualitative reactions on salicylic acid

a) The effect of iron chloride (III): in the tube with a solution of salicylic acid add several drops of the FECL 3 solution - we observe the appearance of violet staining and the formation of a brown sediment (proof of the presence of a phenol fragment).

b) Interaction with copper sulfate solution (II): In the tube with a solution of salicylic acid, we pour a few drops of the CUSO 4 solution, then fix the tube into the test tube holder and heated on the flame of the alcohol before the appearance of emerald green staining.

Experience 4.. Salicylic acid in cosmetics

In this experiment, we check the content of salicylic acid in tonic. Nallem in a clean tube 2-3ml of this cosmetics. Adjust 2-3ml Cuso 4, then this mixture is heated on the flame of the alcohol. We observe the staining of the blue solution in Emerald green. Consequently, in this cosmetic agent contains salicylic acid.

Experience 5.. Salicylic acid in honey

In the tube with honey we pour the CUSO solution 4. Then heated on the flame of the alcohol. With stirring the mixture, an emerald color was formed. Consequently, the honey contains salicylic acid.

Experience 6. Antiseptic properties of salicylic acid

To prove the antiseptic properties of salicylic acid, we will conduct experience with bread. For experience, we will need two pieces of bread and a diluted solution of salicylic acid. One piece is wetting with water, another - diluted solution of salicylic acid. Leave the samples in a warm place for several days. As a result, a piece of bread, moistened with water, was covered with mold, and the one that was treated with salicylic acid, not molded.

Conclusion

Salicylic acid is a "mixed acid" (has two functional groups), therefore shows dual properties (as phenol, and as carboxylic acid). In the course of the research carried out, we have convinced that salicylic acid is an antiseptic and has anti-inflammatory properties, which is why it is used in cosmetics. Salicylic acid derivatives are contained in many food products (honey, orange), which are known to us like antipyretic.

Literature

1. ARTEMENKO A.I. Organic chemistry. Textbook for universities. - M.: "Enlightenment", 1986.

2. Etkins P. Molecules. - M.: "Mir", 1991.

3. Gross E., Weissman H. Chemistry for curious. - L., "Chemistry", 1987.

4. Potapov V.M., Tatarin S.N. Organic chemistry. - M.: "Mir", 1976

6. Chemistry in the fight against diseases / http://alhimik.ru/read/grosse19.html

7. Salicylic acid / http: //ru.wikipedia

8. Salicylic acid from acne and its proper use / http: //vegameal.com4

9. Salicylic Acid / http://www.xumuk.ru

10. Analysis of salicylic acid. Methods for its definition in pharmaceuticals / http://studyport.ru

11. Salicylic acid derivatives / http://www.kuban.su

12. Aromatic acids, hydroxy acids and their derivatives / http://medicalarea.ru

Posted on Allbest.ru.

...

What is salicylic acid

This substance and its derivatives can be found in some types of plants, especially the ventricular crust or spirire flowers. From a scientific point of view, Salicilka is phenolic or 2 - hydroxybenzoic acid, which is well soluble with ethyl alcohol and bad cold water. Chemical method hydroxybenzoic acid is produced as a colorless powder, and after it is subjected to other types of processing.

Composition and form of release

The title of the drug already speaks of the main component - acid salicylate. Accessories are different and depend on the pharmacological form of release:

The alcohol solution is 1-2-3-5-10 percent and is available in bottles of 25 or 40 ml. In addition to the active component, the liquid contains ethyl alcohol 70%.
Salicyl ointment is 2-3-4-5 and 10%. Made by tubes or small jars from dark glass with a volume of 25 grams. In addition to the main one active substance, ointment contains vaseline.

Salicylic acid action

All this kind of drugs belong to the category of antiseptics. Ointments and solutions are produced only for outdoor use. In pharmacies you can find tablets with salicylic derivatives. They are used orally. All types of products produced on the basis of Salicille have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, locally annoying and anti-lobes. A large amount of salicylate has a keratolytic effect.

From what helps

Acid is added to many medical preparations and is actively used by dozen dozen dozen. As a separate therapeutic agent or in a complex with other drugs, it is used to treat:

psoriasis;
ichthyosis;
burns;
fatty seborrhea;
eczema;
corns;
natoptysh;
warts;
multicolored lichen;
hyperhydrosis Stop;
hair loss;
dermatitis;
acne;
pyodermia;
other infectious viral skin diseases.

Application of salicylic acid

Due to the presence of many positive properties, salicilli is used in different areas of activity:

Salician powder process burns, open wounds, clean the affected skin areas from pus.
Due to the fact that the acid is obtained from the substances of the phenolic group, this compound is related to the category of aromatic, so do not be surprised, having met Salicylka on the label of your favorite toilet water.
Antiseptic acid properties are used successfully when preserving food.
This substance is used even in metallurgy as a reagent to highlight the thorium ore.

In medicine

The widest sphere of hydroxybenzoic acid propagation is pharmacology. At first, at the beginning of the 19th century, this component was used to external treatment of rheumatism, diathesis and in the production of some drugs. Today, salicylic drugs belong to the NSAID group - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Salicyl can be found in Paste Lassar, zinc Mazi., Bepanten, Galmanina, ear drops. It acts as a softening component in a corn plaster.

In cosmetology

This component has an exfoliating, drying and anti-inflammatory property, which is actively used by cosmetologists. Salicylic acid lotion will help remove teenage acne rash, acne, relieve inflammation. Active components easily penetrate through skin cells inside song hardware, Dissolve skin fat, reinforce the regeneration of tissues, and does not affect the microflora of the epidermis.

Phenolic acid-based cream helps to prevent the appearance of wrinkles, slow down the aging processes, brighten the skin and helps get rid of age-related pigment spots, without increasing the photosensitivity of the epidermis. Salician powder is added to the tools for peeling. how active Component This substance can be found on the dandruff shampoo label.

In dermatology

All dosage forms of phenolic acid have an antiseptic effect, help when combating fungus, which is why they are an indispensable product in dermatology. Here, as a rule, alcohol solution is used. Its effectiveness directly depends on the concentration of active substances - than salicylate is greater, the amount of liquid. Solutions are treated for depriving, to the existence, manifestations of psoriasis and dermatitis.

Instructions for use

As a rule, when buying any drug based on salicylate with it there is a detailed abstract, in which the method of use of the drug, its dosage and duration of use are clearly indicated. However, there are a number of unklassing rules that should be taken into account when using phenolic acid:

It is not recommended to apply drugs for warts with hairpots, papillomas located on the face and genitalia, or the birthmarks.
Use salicylate solutions near the mucous membranes of the mouth, eye and nose should be with extreme caution. If they get into them, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the corresponding area under running water.
Doctors do not advise simultaneously use the solution and ointment due to the fact that such an interaction formula overly overcourses the skin.
It should not be accessed by the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the skin by salicylate without prior consultation with the dermatologist.

Salicylic acid alcohol solution

This agent is actively used by dermatologists and doctors of other specializations for treating inflammatory or infectious diseases Skin. Maximum daily dose For adults is 10 ml. Children to process wrecks and affected surface follows a diluted solution in an amount of 1 ml. Apply a fluid on problem areas of the body follows a cotton swab or a wand several times a day. The average treatment rate is 4-5 days.

Ointment

The duration of treatment of this dosage form of Salicille should not be over 20 calendar days. It is necessary to apply the product, affecting only problem areas of the skin, from 1 to 3 times a day. With strong inflammation, the ointment can be diluted with medical vaseline 1: 2 or 1: 4. Before using ointment, the skin must be treated with an antiseptic, and over the means to impose a gauze bandage. Depending on the degree of lesion of the skin and the type of diseases, ointment of different concentrations are used:

in the treatment of seborrhea and acne 2%;
to remove burned corns 10%;
with psoriasis therapy 1-5%;
the treatment of the scalp is 5-10% ointment.

Powder

It is a small needle crystals of white or almost white-colored sweetish taste and odorless. Clean powder is used very rarely, it will also be hard on the pharmacy showcase. As a rule, this form of salicylate is used to clean the skin from burrot cells or providing emergency With burns. Due to the fact that the powder is a concentrated substance, it should be used in small dosages:

when cooking alcohol solution per 100 ml ethyl alcohol 1-2 grams should be taken;
for ointment, the volume of the concentrate should not exceed 2-3 grams per 100 g of the means.

Salicylic acid derivatives

Salicylate sodium, amide or salicylamide and acetylsalicylate, it is aspirin, widely used in medicine. All these substances are phenolic acid derivatives and have an antipyretic, antimorronic, painful, anti-inflammatory property. In addition, there are other derivatives of hydrox hydrox:

phenylsalicylate - used as an antiseptic;
para-aminoalicylate is active against tuberculosis sticks, certain types of virus;
methyl ether or methylsalicylate - painful, anti-inflammatory agent.

Preparations containing salicylic acid

Derivatives from salicylate can cause allergies, irritation, poorly absorbed by the body. If you have revealed hypersensitivity to this component, it is necessary to abandon the reception of the following medications:

Analgin;
Aspirin;
Penacetina;
Butadion;
Viprosala;
corn liquid;
methyl alcohol;
temurov's paste;
Zinc ointment;
Belosalik;
Elocoma;
Betdermika.

Features of use during pregnancy

Acid can quickly penetrate the skin and soft fabrics, with blood flow in everything internal organs. Because of these properties, doctors categorically do not recommend using creams, lotions, shampoos and hair paints with salicylate during pregnancy or lactation. The same rule concerns the medical preparations, which contains this substance.

It was experimentally found that phenolic acid, first of all, would bring harm to the health of the child. Its use contributes to the development of congenital defects in infants, the emergence of chronic diseases, complications for childbirth, the emergence of the fetus of the Reia syndrome. The main symptoms are the oversaturation of the organism of the body of a pregnant woman: itching the skin, burning, rash, dryness of the epidermis, frequent headaches.

Side Effects and Contraindications

With point processing of the affected parts of the body of negative reactions from the body, it practically does not occur. Extremely rare on sensitive or dry skin may appear allergic reactions, the feeling of heat, difficulty breathing, pain in places of application. This substance and its derivatives are contraindicated:

for people with an allergic reaction to ethanol and phenol acid;
pregnant and nursing women;
patients S. bad coatability blood;
patients with renal and liver failure;
newborn children and babies up to the year.

The use of salicylic acid in cosmetology

Cosmetics based on this substance There is a huge amount: creams, leather cleansing lotions, tonic, air conditioners, balms, face masks and scrubs, shampoos against dandruff and hair loss. Much of the listed can be made personally, and some cosmetic products will have to buy. Choosing such products for face and body care is important to know: how to choose them correctly, use and that from this you can cook at home.

Lotion

Separate attention deserve cosmetic tonic to face with salicylic. They have anti-inflammatory properties, help clarify skin tone to a few shades, slow the aging of the skin. However, this means and one significant disadvantage - the lotion is strongly dried. Before starting the use of tonic, you should consult a cosmetologist about whether the face can be wiped with salicylic acid in your case and will such a treatment for unnecessary problems.

If you wish, lotions can be bought in a pharmacy, a regular store or prepare themselves. For example, an anti-inflammatory tonic is suitable for getting rid of the comedones, acne and adolescence, which can be prepared by the following recipe:

In the glass, mix 100 grams of salicylic alcohol with 1 tablespoon of dry soulthey calendula. If you wish to solve, you can add 2 Levomycetin tablets.
Give the solution in a warm place 24 hours.
Then straighten the liquid through several layers of gauze.
Before applying, dilute the water lotion in the ratio: 1 tablespoon solution of 200 ml of warm water.?

Cream

For fatty and leather inflammation, a moisturizing cream based on glycerin is suitable. Instructions for cooking funds at home is as follows:

Dissolve on slow fire, continuously stirring, 5 grams of bee wax.
Add 10 g of any cereal oil to the molten wax, is better than rice.
Take the mixture by a blender, gradually adding 1 ml of phenolic solution.
Pour the mass in the jar and store in the refrigerator.

If you cook at home, standing wrinkle cream or tinting cosmetic facility is not possible, it is worth paying attention to specialized cosmetics. At an affordable price, you can find the following effective tools:

cream from acne kolurasil ultra;
nutrient "pure skin asset";
a tonal remedy for garnver;
matting product from the Israeli company Matte "Perfect".

Salicylic Hair Solution

At home, you can cook a simple shampoo that will help keep the freshness of the hair for a long time, add color coloring, prevent falling out. In order to make the solution independently use the instructions:

Mix in a small capacity standard portion of shampoo with water until light foam appears.
Add 1 teaspoon of salicylic alcohol to shampoo.
Leave the means for insteading for 1-2 minutes.
Then apply on the roots of the hair burr oil, and on the roots prepared mixture.
Hold the solution for 2-3 minutes and smash.

How much is salicylic acid in the pharmacy

Regardless of the form of release, storage of solicylate derivatives is allowed only at a dark place at a temperature not higher than 18 degrees. The expiration date is 3 years, after which it is prohibited from the substance. You can buy a medicine in any store with a discount or on a promotion or order delivery from an online pharmacy. The cost of funds in Moscow and St. Petersburg can be found from the following table:

Video:

The site provides reference information solely to familiarize yourself. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation of a specialist is obligatory!

Salicylic acid - Descriptive characteristics

Salicylic acid Known to many, it is often present in a home first aid kit. Use this drug brings a lot, and it is cheap. This pharmacological agent is used to treat many diseases, but, as any medicinal preparation, has its own contraindications to use.

For the first time it was obtained from the Cara of Willow Salix L., and then the German chemist Kolbe managed to synthesize salicylic acid simple waywhich are used to today. Initially, salicylic acid was used to treat rheumatism, but with the advent of modern anthermatic drugs is used only as a means for outdoor use. Refers to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Composition and form of release

The active substance is orthoxybenzoic acid.

The remedy is available in the following dosage forms:

Salicylic acid 1% solution, bottles 25 and 40 ml.
Salicylic acid 2% solution, bottles 25 and 40 ml.
Salicyl ointment 2%, bank 25
Salicylic acid alcohol solution 1%, bottles 25 and 40 ml.
Salicylic acid alcohol solution 2%, bottles 25 and 40 ml.
Salicylic acid alcohol solution 3%, bottles 25 and 40 ml.
Salicylic acid alcohol solution 5%, bottles 25 and 40 ml.
Salicylic acid alcohol solution is 10%, bottles 25 and 40 ml.
Salicyl Vaseline 1%, tuba 30 ml.
Salicyl-zinc paste (Lassar Pasta), Bank 30ml.

Salicylic acid is included in many combined means used externally: a diprosalic, whiteosalike, viprosal, camphocin, cincandan, lorindden A, in lotions and creams "Cleracil", shampoos, tonic, gels, pencils and other forms.

Pharmacological effects of drugs

The following formula corresponds to salicylic acid: from 7 H 6 o 3 \u003d C 6 H 4 (OH) - CO 2 N. It is a representative of the group of aromatic oxic acids. In the neighboring positions of the benzene ring, it contains a group of it, like phenol, and the group of coxy - like a benzoic acid. This compound is widespread in nature.

Salicylic acid is recommended to be used externally as a distracting, cerat-based, anti-inflammatory, keratoplastic, keratolytic, drying and antiseptic agent.

With a sufficient concentration of salicylic acid, microbial proteins are able to coagulate. When applied, it has a pronounced effect on sensitive nerve endings. In addition, improves trophy, reduces pain.

The tool has the ability to suppress the secretion not only the sebaceous, but also sweat glands. When using low concentrations, keratoplastic, and high concentrations of the solution - the keratolytic effect of the drug occurs. There is a weak antimicrobial activity.

Powders
In powders (2-5%), salicylic acid is used with high sweating of legs, hyperhydrosis. The powder of Galmanin contains 2 parts of salicylic acid, 10 parts of zinc oxide and 44 parts of the talc.

Cornoplaster "Salipod"
The plaster is fixed on the skin and keep two days. Recommended to disappear from corn.

Persalan
Used as a means for strengthening hair. It is a liquid. It is applied on the hair, the head is insulating a towel. After 30 minutes it is necessary to wash the hair with warm water. Used to treat fatty seborrhea.

Salicylic acid derivatives

Preparations of salicylic acid are used as classical antimorrhemics. They possess the antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, painkillers.

When taking inside, salicylic acid may cause irritation of the gastric mucosa, in connection with this, its sodium salt is used more often.

The remedy is quite quickly released from the body through the kidneys, as well as sweat glands. Salicylic acid salts are low-toxic. However, due to the fact that salicylates in the treatment of rheumatism are appointed in very large doses, they can cause side effects: shortness of breath, noise in the ears, skin rashes.

Salicylic acid solutions are practically incompatible with the resorcin, since, in the case of their interaction, melted mixtures are formed. When reacting with zinc oxide, insoluble zinc salicylate is formed, so the use of salicylic acid with it is not recommended.

Side effects

With the local application of salicylic acid, the appearance of burning, itching, hyperemia at the place of exposure is possible. Allergic reactions may occur, individual intolerance between the active substance is rare.

special instructions

It is not recommended to apply the preparations of salicylic acid into the novel spots, warts in the field of genital organs or face, as well as hair warts. When treating children, it is not recommended to handle several skin surfaces at the same time. Up to 3 years, children are not recommended to use salicylic acid preparations and its derivatives.

During pregnancy, the use of funds with salicylic acid in its composition is allowed to treat corns only on a limited surface.

The mucous membranes must be rinsed with plenty of water if even a minor amount of salicylic acid preparations appeared.

It should be borne in mind that it is possible to increase the absorption of salicylic acid in some skin diseases, especially those that proceed with hyperemia, inflammation or with weak eczema lesions of the skin: dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, ichthyosis.

Application with different pathologies

Salicylic acid and its derivatives are used in the treatment of sufficiently many diseases and various skin manifestations in different areas of medicine.

In dermatology

Salicylic acid and its preparations have a strong exfoliating effect on the skin, so successfully applies to effective treatment Simple eels. The effect is based on the softening of the upper layer of the skin and the follicle pliers, which prevents the formation of comedones.

Most often used 1 and 2% alcohol salicylic acid solutions, the so-called salicylic alcohol. Higher concentrations for treating acne and acne are not applied.

Also, salicylic acid is used in the treatment of skin diseases. It is part of many ready-made medicines: Creams, gels, shampoos, lotions. Effective means of the Klerasil series, "Sebium Akn". Popular sophisticated medical recipes for the treatment of skin diseases.

Usually medical preparations Salicylic acid is used for wiping from one (in the morning) to two times a day. When applying low concentrations of solutions side effects - such as skin irritation and hyperemia in the field of damage is not observed.

People with sensitive skin often observes its dryness caused by the action of salicylic alcohol. It is necessary to comply with the main rule: do not apply salicylic alcohol on the skin after cleaning it with alcohol lotions, gels, scrubs. And it is not recommended to use salicylic acid preparations together with benzoyl peroxide.

Treatment of warts salicylic acid
To get rid of warts, the slaughter "Salipod" is used, which includes salicylic acid.

Application: plaster on the wart area for two days. Then remove it. Wart swollen in hot water, and remove its top layer. This procedure is repeated several times until the warts disappear completely.

Instead of a patch, a solution of salicylic acid can be used. It is wetted by the surface of the wart using a cotton disk, which can be left on a wart until complete drying. Such a procedure will have to repeat more than once.

Elimination of pigment stains
Often, after extruding acne on the skin, pigment stains remain, bringing a lot of tears to young girls. Psychological discomfort in this case often becomes the cause of uncertainty. At home, you can use rubbing the face with salicylic alcohol. Some prefer to visit the beauty salon. There dark spots Specialists will help to eliminate with the help of bleaching masks based on salicylic acid and bodhary.

Salicylic acid at psoriasis
For the treatment of psoriasis, salicylic acid is used as a means of local therapy.

In cosmetology

It has long been proven to an unusually effective action of salicylic acid on skin cells. As already mentioned, it has anti-inflammatory, exfoliating and keratolithic actions, which allows it to be used in cosmetology.

Possessing the strongest antibacterial effect, salicylic acid is rightfully considered a thunderstorm of acne.

Salicylic acid is used to remove warts, corns, coams, applied against dandruff, acne. It can be found in many cosmetic products.

As is known, the use of salicylic acid has a number of advantages:

effectively helps from pimples, comedones, as it penetrates the sebaceous glands, it dissolves the skin fat;
improves skin regeneration;
does not affect normal microflora skin;
slows down the process of skin aging;
does not oppress the immune system;
suitable for problem, sensitive and oily skin;
does not increase skin photosensitivity;
cosmetics with salicylic acid can be used daily.

In cosmetology, peelings with salicylic acid are often used. More often than the peeling includes two components: 7% salicylic acid and 45% glycolic acid, pH level is 1.5.

Peeling is used for acne, photoregation, pedestal, seborrheic dermatitis, demodecosis.

Peeling is carried out by applying a mixture to the skin for several minutes, easy massage on the front lines and withdrawing with its cotton disk. In conclusion, rinse the surface of the skin with warm water.

Salicylic acid preparations should not be used in children's cosmetics, with the exception of shampoos.

Preservative properties of salicylic acid

Salicylic acid is not an effective preservative, but its action is much stronger against yeast fungi than against bacteria. As a preservative, salicylic acid has been used in various dermatological preparations, less often - in cosmetology products.

There is information about the use of salicylic acid for domestic purposes as a preservative. Sometimes it is used in the manufacture of home blanks: compotes, preservation

2.1 Receipt.

Salicylic acid is found in the plant world both in free state and in the associated form in many essential oils. On an industrial scale, it is obtained synthetically carboxylation of phenol. Under the action of carbon dioxide on solid phenoxides of alkali metal, phenolocoslotes are formed:

This reaction, called Kolbe-Schmitt (1860) reaction, is the main method of producing salicylic (2-hydroxybenzoic) acid.

The mechanism of the reaction of Koller Schmitt.

The reaction proceeds through the mechanism of electrofal substitution. According to the principle of ZHMKO, weak electrophile - carbon dioxide, which is a soft acid, interacts with the soft main center of the ambition fenrxide ion located in the ortho position. As a result, the σ-complex is blown, stabilized in the form of a chelate with the participation of sodium ion. This σ-complex is in the usual way (proton cleavage and refund to the aromatic system) turns into salicylate:

When using potassium phenoxide, the reaction occurs at a higher temperature (250-360 ° C) and leads to the formation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. In this case, a more stable is the σ-complex arising from a pair-position attack, since the trend towards the formation of the chelate decreases with an increase in the ion radius of the cation.

In the reaction of Kolbe-Schmitt, phenols with strong electrode integrated substituents are also used in the role of aromatic substituents (M-aminophenol, resorcin, hydroquinone), due to which the reaction is carried out in soutiate conditions:

2.2. Properties

Physical parameters of salicylic acid:

1. Appearance - Salicylic o-nasty acid salicylic acid is a crystalline substance;

2. Solubility (in water ) - poorly soluble in water (1.8 g / l at 20 ° C and 20.6 g / l at 80 ° C);

3. Boiling temperature - 1400C;

4. Melting point - 1590s;

5. According to acidity (RCA2.98), it exceeds almost all monosightened benzoic acids, including with electronized substituents.

Salicylic acid has antiseptic properties and finds use in medicine and as a preservative of some foods. But even more widely used in the medical practice of salicylic acid derivatives on both functional groups. Mainly, these are esters on the carboxyl group - methylsalicylate and phenylsalicylate, which has a trade name saloland according to phenolic hydroxyl - acetylsalicylic acid, for which one of the numerous trade names is aspirin.

These derivatives are obtained by known methods for the synthesis of esters. So, methylsalicylate is formed with esterification of salicylic acid methanol:

Low nucleophilicity of phenols does not allow the same way to get phenylsalicylate. Therefore, salicylic acid is converted pre-in a more active acylating agent - chlorogenhydride, which then acylated phenol:

The hydroxyl group of phenol is acylated under the action of acetic anhydride with quantitative output:

Salicylic acid and its derivatives with a free hydroxyl group are given with a solution of iron chloride (W) purple staining characteristic of phenols, which is used in high-quality analysis.

3. The role of salicylic acid and its derivatives

in the food industry and medicine.

Salicylic acid molecule consists of six carbon atoms connected to the ring to which functional groups are attached, for example hydroxyl (combination of oxygen and hydrogen: it).

Salicylic (o-hydroxybenzoic) acid (Acidum Salicylicum) is one of the three isomeric hydroxybenzoic acids belonging to the phenolocoslot group. Got his name from latin name Willow - Salix. In the Core of Willow, salicin glycoside is contained with hydrolysis of which the phenolospitis salighenine C6H4 (OH) CH2OH is obtained. In oxidation of salighenine, salicylic acid obtained:

C6H4 (OH) CH2OH C6H4 (OH) COH C6H4 (OH) COOH

calicyl Salicyl Salicylin

aldehyde Acid

Currently, salicylic acid is produced in industry by direct carboxylation of phenol carbon dioxide (Colle reaction). Carbon dioxide is a weak electrophilic reagent, therefore, for the implementation of the reaction it is necessary to enhance the nucleophilic properties of the substrate. In this regard, the reaction is carried out not with the phenol itself, but with its sodium salt, since the phenoxide ion is stronger nucleophile than phenol. The reaction is carried out in autoclaves when heated under pressure. Then the reaction mixture is acidified and salicylic acid is isolated:

C6H5- ONA + CO2 \u003d C6H5- Oh C6H4.- Oh.

phenoline sodium ê ½

Coona.Coool

salicyl salicylate

sodium acid

When heating salicylic acid is easily decarboxylated to form phenol:

C6.H.4 (Oh.) Coool= C.6 H.5 Oh. + Co.2

Salicyl phenol

In salicylic acid, there is an intramolecular hydrogen bond, stabilizing carboxylate-ion, which leads to an increase in its acidity (PKA 2.98) relatively with benzoic (PKA 4.20) and P-hydroxybenzoic (PCA 4.58) acids.

Salicylic acid gives with FECL3 purple staining not only in aqueous, but also in alcohol solution (unlike phenol).

Under the action of alkali metal hydroxide, salicylic acid dissolves with the formation of an alkali metal phenolicosol, for example:

C6H4.- COOH + 2 NaOH \u003d C6H4- Coona.+ 2 H2O.

ú ½

Oh.ONA

phenoli sodium

Under action on salicylic acid, alkali metal carbonates appears various degree acidity of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl; In this case, the formation of salts. The carboxyl group of salicylic acid decomposes alkali metal carbonates, displacing weak coalic acid, while phenol hydroxyl, which has more weak acidic properties than coalic acid, is unable to decompose these salts and therefore remains free:

2 C6H4.- COOH + NA2CO3 \u003d 2FROM6 H4.- Coona + H2O + CO2