In order for the kid rose to healthy, physically strong, he must spend a lot of time in the fresh air, to fully eat. The healing effect of sunlight stimulates education in the skin of vitamin D necessary for the development of bones. Rickets more often sick babies, born in winter, when there are cloudy weather, as well as those who live in the northern regions. It is necessary to engage in the prevention of rickets in children. It is important not only to conduct hardening, massage, but also to ensure the replenishment in the body of a child lack of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus.

Content:

Description of the disease

Rickets are called the pathology of the development of bone tissue associated with a lack of vitamin d. This substance contributes to the absorption of calcium and maintaining the calcium balance and phosphorus included in the bones. Rickets are mostly susceptible to children under the age of 2 years, but it is also found in adults. Danger for life This disease does not represent, but its consequences can be very heavy. The deformation of the skeleton (skull, ribs, limbs, spine), violation of the work of the internal organs, the backlog in mental and physical development is occurring. Girls have improper formation pelvic bones (There is a so-called flat-profile pelvis). Subsequently, this significantly complicates the flow of labor, makes the birth of a child in a natural way impossible.

Forms of the disease

The following forms of Rakhit are distinguished:

1. Acute. The disease occurs in the kids of the first months of life (especially in premature), which did not receive vitamin D additionally in the form of special drugs. Sometimes rickets are rickets in full children who are fed mainly with large content carbohydrates (porridge, pasta, sweets). The manifestations of rickets at the same time (pain in the bones, weak muscle tone, deformation of the skeleton bones, the occurrence of fractures) are pronounced and quickly progress.
2. Tajection. "Osteoid hyperplasia" occurs - the formation of frontal and dark bugs, thickening of the wrists, the improper development of the ribs, the joints of the fingers and legs. Such a flow is observed in kids over 6 months, if prevention or treatment with the appearance of the first symptoms was insufficient.
3. Recurrent (wave-like) form. There are signs of rickets against the background of already existing manifestations of previously transferred disease.

Severity

Pathology proceeds with varying degrees of gravity.

1 degree (light). Start of change, the emergence of the first symptoms.

2 degree (moderate). Moderate changes in the bone system and internal organs appear.

3 degree (severe). There is a damage to bones, internal organs, nervous system, improper formation of the skull.

There are several types of diseases like rickets that can develop in older children. These include, for example, "phosphate-diabetes" - the lack of phosphorus in the bones. In this disease, a person has a low growth, curvature of bones, while he has a strong physique.

There is also a pseudodefinal rickets, which arises due to the inability of the body to absorb Vitamin D.

Video: Causes of Rakhit

Causes of Rakhita

The reasons for the appearance of Rakhita at the kid are:

• lack of vitamin D in the body of his mother still during pregnancy;
• insufficient receipt of nutrients in the body after birth;
• violation of the absorption of vitamin D of the child's digestive system.

Avitaminosis during pregnancy

The lack of vitamin D in the body of a pregnant woman is formed due to improper nutrition, insufficient food use of products containing this vitamin, as well as calcium and phosphorus. It is them that make up the basis of bone tissue and are necessary for the proper formation of the skeleton and muscles of the future kid. Severe pregnancy, stay in a harmful environmental environment, smoking - these factors contribute to the emergence of avitaminosis, lack of vitamin D.

If pregnancy proceeds normally, the woman's nutrition was full, then the newborn is up to 1-2 months in the body there is a margin of these beneficial substances. Subsequently, its receipt is required with maternal milk or in the form of additives to milk mixtures. If the birth was premature, then useful substances do not have time to accumulate, the deficit arises from the moment of birth.

After birth

Factors provoking the emergence of rickets in infants are:

1. The lack of vitamin D in maternal milk due to the defective nutrition of the mother.
2. Feeding a child with low content of components required for the formation of bone and muscle tissues.
3. Too tight swaddling, restriction of kid's movements.
4. Use of anticonvulsant drugs.
5. Failleling baby with cow milk, which is poorly absorbed by his digestive system.
6. Later, the introduction of the feeding. After 6 months, it is necessary to gradually include vegetable, fruit, meat puree in the diet, as one maternal milk is not enough to replenish the reserve of vitamins and minerals. The formation of their deficit contributes to the predominance of KASH (manna, for example). Their consumption contributes to the removal of vitamin D from the intestines along with the faeces.
7. In children, older causing a rickets caused a lack of a diet of animal products, the predominance of plant food, from which the absorption of vitamin D is worse.
8. Insufficient toddler stay under the rays of the sun. Vitamin D is formed in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

In the risk group, the emergence of Rakhit are premature children.

Other reasons

If the weight of the child at birth was large, then the need for its body in the beneficial substances is higher than in children with normal weight, therefore balanced nutrition has a special meaning for it. The risk of rakhita is raised in twins and twins. The lack of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus occurs even during the period of intrauterine development, besides, as a rule, such children are born ahead of time.

Contribute to the emergence of Rakhit congenital underdevelopment of organs digestive systemwhich deteriorates the assimilation of the useful components of food. The absorption of calcium is worsen in the presence of thyroid disease. With dark kids, Rakhit happens more often than in the ceiling, since the development of vitamin d under the ultraviolet rays they are weaker.

Rahit's disease is more susceptible to children living in large cities with a rich air, poorly transmitting ultraviolet rays.

Note: Rickets occur more often in boys than girls, manifestations are usually heavier. In some families, there is a hereditary predisposition to rickets.

Symptoms and signs of Rakhita

The kids have an uncomplicated disease undergoing 4 development periods: the initial, period of gap, repair and recovery.

At the beginning of the disease, such manifestations are observed as baldness of the nape, poor sleep, increased irritability, softness of bones around the spring. This period lasts from 2 weeks to 2 months.

During the period of ripping the disease, the bone curvature is observed, muscle weakness, poor teething, violation of psychomotor development. The period lasts 3-6 months.

Reparation arises as a result of a proper treatment. Pathological changes in the bones are stopped, the muscles are stronger, the signs of disorder of the nervous system disappear, after which the recovery comes.

The first signs for which the mother may notice the development of Rakhita in 1-2 month old, is the decline in his appetite (the feeding process becomes short). The kid sleeps badly, shudders from the slightest sound, sweats heavily in a dream. He has a bolt bald. Digestion is broken (diarrhea is replaced by constipation).

It is necessary to draw the attention of the children's physician to the appearance of such signs.

Symptoms of Rakhita in children appear within a few next monthsIf pathology starts progressing. In this case, the following happens:

• the muscle tone is weakening, the baby becomes sluggish and inactive, can not hold the head, it sits badly, felling a lobby, can not turn over to the belly;
• the child delabs the teething of the teething, the Spring rises late, it is difficult for him to climb the legs, he begins to walk late;
• there is a bloating;
• gradually progresses the deformation of the skull: the head becomes flat, the head is pulled in length, frontal bumps appear;
• the legs become curves, the pelvis does not develop, the chest is incorrect;
• the work of the internal organs deteriorates, signs of difficulty breathing, disorders appear heart Rhythm, the liver increases;
• mental development occurs, mental disorders arise.

During the rank of disease, the child becomes noticeable trembling of hands and chin.

Diagnostics Rakhita

Signs of Rakhita, as a rule, do not cause doubts about the doctor. However, to confirm the diagnosis, the determination of the period of development of the disease and the degree of calcium deficiency in the body is carried out by urine analysis, the so-called "sulk sulkovich". Urine collected in the morning before the first feeding. If necessary, the urine analysis is carried out, allocated during the day, on the content of calcium and phosphorus.

By biochemical analysis, the concentration of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin d is determined, the content of the enzyme in it required to absorb phosphorus ("alkaline phosphatase") is established.

The degree of deformation of bones and the state of internal organs is established using ultrasound and X-ray.

Treatment

To eliminate and facilitate the manifestations of Rakhit, specific and non-specific therapy is carried out. They must be started immediately after diagnosis.

Specific therapy

Therapy is carried out by vitamin D drugs in a dose corresponding to the period of development of the disease and the nature of the symptoms. Sulkovich's test is carried out 1 time in 7-10 days to control the course of treatment and adjust the dosage. If a tangible effect appears, then after 1-1.5 months, the dose is reduced.

For the prevention of relapses, the drug is adopted in a reduced dose to 2 years of age, and then before execution of 3 years - only in winter.

There are preparations of vitamin D dissolved in water, and drugs in the form of oil solutions. Water soluble vitamin D is absorbed by the organism better and longer delayed in the liver, showing its activity. Oil preparations (Devisol, Video) are more often appointed in cases where the baby has a tendency to constipate.

The main drug in Rakhit's therapy in kids is aquadeurim. The dose is selected individually for each child to avoid the occurrence of side effects.

A course of ultraviolet irradiation with a gradual increase in dose is carried out. This stimulates education in the body of its own vitamin D and improves its suction.

Video: The first signs of Rakhita

Non-specific therapy

It is carried out to improve the absorption of calcium in the child's body by restoring acid-alkaline balance. For this purpose, a citrate mixture is used ( water solution Sodium lemon acid) and dimfosphon. To improve the metabolism, the orotat potassium is given.

For reduced content Calcium in the blood is assigned to the reception of calcium gluconate and its other drugs. To strengthen the body, therapy is carried out by vitamins C and group B. In the presence of anemia, the reception of iron preparations (Malto, Tardiferon) are prescribed.

Medicated baths are used. A special massage and therapeutic gymnastics are carried out.

It is recommended to increase the duration of the outdoor walks, as well as make adjustments to the child's nutrition, include egg yolk yolks, cottage cheese and other products in the diet increased content Calcium and phosphorus. When treating infants, it is recommended to reduce the use of porridge, introduce adhesive, catching the baby to vegetable and meat puree.

Auxiliary treatment with folk remedies

When the first signs of developing Rakhita, the kid is useful to bathe it in salted water or with the addition of coniferous bravery. Conifer baths are used to calm the nervous system of the child. For its preparation in warm water, a coniferous extract is poured (1 teaspoon per 1 liter of water). The child is placed in the bath for 10-15 minutes.

Swimming in salted water is carried out if the child is sluggish. The cook or sea salt is used at the rate of 2 tbsp. l. on 10 liters of water. After the bath, it is necessary to wash off the salt, toddling with clean water.

To replenish calcium deficiency, you can prepare a composition of a fine egg shell, a glass of lemon juice and 1 cup of water. Give medicine after eating.

Rahita prevention in children

To prevent the development of Rakhita, the child needs to take care before his birth. During pregnancy, women should take vitamins (for example, Gends) to replenish the deficit of useful elements, which inevitably arises due to the increased need associated with the growth of the fetus. It is important to take vitamin D in tablets in the last 2 months before childbirth, especially if a woman lives in areas where summer is short, or the child should be born in the autumn-winter period. Reception of the drug is carried out strictly in doses assigned to the doctor, as the excess of vitamin D is also harmful for the future child, as well as its flaw.

Pregnant woman should eat fully, spend a lot of time on the outdoor air under the influence of ultraviolet emitted by the Sun, avoid infectious diseases and colds, regularly donate the necessary analyzes.

After the birth of a child, it is necessary to strive to keep the possibility of feeding it with full-fledged breast milk at least for 5-8 months. From 6 months it is necessary to begin the feeding, gradually introducing in a diet of nitamined food, rich in calcium, phosphorus (egg yolks, liver, meat, butter).

If necessary, the pediatrician prescribes children in the risk group, preventive reception of fish oil or drugs with vitamin D.

Rahit in children up to the year - the disease is not new, known from the second century to our era, and this time is widespread among the children's population of the globe. IN different countries The world Rakhit amazes from 20 to 60% of breast-age. This pathology that destroys the nervous and bone system is diagnosed mainly in the kids born in adverse social and climatic conditions that lack vitamine nutrition and solar heat, as well as living in large and highly polluted settlements.

What is rickets in children?

Rickets in children can not be called an independent disease. This is a complex of pathological changes in the body caused by a decrease in calcium concentration in bone tissues. And the main cause of calcium is the ratios in the bones - the lack of vitamin D transforming the mineral substance into an easily digestible form.

Rickets in children enters the list of pediatric diseases, but sometimes adults suffer from them. Rahit is striking mainly breast kids, but slowly develops: while parents break the first symptoms of Rahita, a few passes a few stages. At first, the infants begin the deformation of the bones and the backlog in growth, and then the deformation of the forehead, the weakening of the limbs and the swelling of the abdomen.

What provokes the occurrence of rickets in children?

The disease can attack each child anywhere in the planet, but most often Rahit is fixed in children living in the northern regions.

Vitamin D - the element of the Sun, in human organism It is produced independently under the influence of solar radiation penetrating the skin. But in the northern edges, the lack of ultraviolet daylight is felt all year round. If the parents walk a little with children on the street, most of the time hold their homes, the risk of rickets in children is also increasing. It is also often diagnosed with rickets in infants, poorly eating, not receiving a sufficient amount of vitamin D with food.

In rare cases, rickets in infants can be caused by other reasons:

• food with low mineral substances;
• mother's disease during baby tooling;
• insufficient breast-feeding;
• kid's intestinal diseases associated with disorders of food suction function;
• accommodation in the settlement with unfavorable environmental situation;
• receiving some medicines.

What symptoms are observed with rickets in children?

Vitamin D is vital for a growing children's body. Without it, the formation of bone tissue, the distribution of phosphorus and calcium in all internal organs is impossible. Therefore, a child affected by rickets is soft, weakly mineralized and susceptible to injury. Especially suffering from the growth zone. X-ray shots clearly show that healthy kids the dark zone has a flat shape, and in patients with kids are overly wide and buggy.

In order to promptly recognize Rakhit in infants and start its treatment, parents need to learn how to determine the very first signs of Rakhita in infants until the year and older children. And do it on early stages Rahita is not so easy. Rickets in children does not show itself long enough, especially in infants.

It all starts with bad changes in the nervous system. The behavior of the patient is becoming unrecognizable. He often and without a reason, crying, capricious and annoyed, sleeps badly, twitching, does not want to eat. A little later, bugless bugs arise, the fear of bright light.

Over time, parents begin to notice that their child is a bald head of the head. Such an anomaly is explained: the kid has increased sweating. When he sleeps at night on the pillow, the head is soaked later. Sticky fabric irritates the skin, causes unbearable itch. The child, experiencing discomfort, worries in a dream, turns the head from side to side. Gentle infant hairs just abridge about a wet pillow.

The baby, a sick rickets, is much weaker and smaller than their peers. He has been reduced immunity, so he often picks up a cold and viral infections. Rickets in the infants contributes to the development of development: the infants long learns to keep his head, sit, stand, walk. In the process of developing Rahita in children, parents begin to notice obvious deformations of the body: too silent legs and handles, almost complete absence on them muscle tissue, expanding the belly of stomach. Sometimes the child complains of pain in the ribs, and pain in the bones are also observed.

What does rickets look like in the babies:

If you do not care about the treatment in time, the disease penetrates the kidden system of the baby, slowly, but correctly destroys its musculoskeletal system. Chest, spine, limbs, skull, pelvis - all parts of the children's body are deformed, take an incorrect form:

At the last stages, the disease amazes soft fabrics internal organs. This manifests itself through constant and, frequent urges to. The child weakens vision, skin pale, the liver increases greatly. At this stage, Rahit in children can no longer be heal without consequences for the health of the baby. If the child does not remain disabled, that is, the high probability of chronic diseases. Therefore, it is so important to calculate and eliminate the ailment on time.

Rahit in infants in rare cases is fixed to two months from the genus. The most susceptible to the disease is breastless children from three to nine months of life. And this is at the same time the most dangerous period in children's development.

If rickets in infants up to a year affects the bones of the pelvis, the spine - it may be the reason that the baby can not be on the legs for a long time. Therefore, parents need to follow the development of their crumbs and know when the child begins to turn over, keep his head, becomes on the legs. This will help articles by

How is Rahitus diagnose in children?

The doctor will be able to diagnose rickets from a small child without much difficulty. It is important to parents not to miss the moment when the disease in the kid is only developing. To do this, you must carefully follow mental state Baby, at the first signs of neurological disorders, hurry to the pediatrician. But usually moms are addressed for medical helpWhen their kids are already spreading bone deformations.

Doctor to make a diagnosis, first of all, will send a small patient to X-ray examination. Damage to bones on the X-ray is distinguishable very well. Normally, the newborn kids are organic bone tissue, but gradually the layering of mineral elements - salts of calcium and phosphorus occur.

It happens that the skeleton is filled with minerals in excessive amounts, then the snapshot shows that the bones are too dense. But with rickets in children of salt, on the contrary, are in the bones in a shortage, besides, they are intensely washed out. Instead of bone tissue, a connecting fabric is formed, it quickly increases, causes the children's skeleton to develop incorrectly, makes it unnaturally fragile, prone to flushing. This is especially noticeable on long tubular bones.

Instead of X-ray examination in modern clinics, a small patient often conduct computer tomography. It allows you to consider in more detail the growths on the rips and bones of the hands, the curvature of the chest, the spinal column and the bones of the legs. It will be necessary to take and test the blood test for the content of mineral substances. Usually in clinical laboratories take blood on calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase.

• Calcium. The optimal content of it in the blood of small children is 2.5 - 2.7 mmol / l. When the concentration falls below 2.0 mmol / l, this indicates rickets in children.
• Phosphorus. Normal mineral content - 1.3 - 2.3 mmol / l. With rickets in children, its level in the blood drops sharply. In especially severe cases, up to 0.6 mmol / l can be reduced.
• Alkaline phosphatase. The optimal concentration of the enzyme carrying calcium and phosphorus is equal to children no more than 200 units. If its content is higher, rickets are fixed in children.

How is Rachet in children treat?

Rickets in children - a complex disease, striking the entire body, so the treatment of children is stretched for a long period and consists of several stages:

Vitamin D reception should be carried out strictly under the supervision of the attending physician. The daily dose of vitamin does not exceed 600 - 700 thousand units, for Rakhit therapy in children is enough. If the child, using vitamin, exceeds this magnitude, it develops hypervitaminosis. Therefore, it is not worthwhile to engage in the vitaminization of the baby.

Therapeutic gymnastics supports muscle tissue and musculoskeletal system in tone. Little babes exercise help making moms, older guys can perform them themselves. Physical classes against rickets in children are simple, based on active reflexive televizations, including:

• jumping;
• games with a ball;
• crossing and breeding on the sides of the hands;
• flexion and extension of legs;
• squats.

Massage with a sick child make parents. It helps the baby calm down, leads to normal the state of the central nervous system. Thanks to massage procedures in the body of the infant, the metabolism is restored in bone and muscular tissue, the bloodstream is accelerated, muscles develop. A massage session with rickets in children under a year takes approximately 5-6 minutes. Massaging movements are also very simple, each mother can fulfill them for her baby without difficulty:

1. Lightweight, soft stroking palms on the tummy, handles and legs.
2. Rubbing the skin with hands with a rustling pressure of the fingers into the body.
3. Intensive kneading muscles of the upper and lower extremities.
4. Creation of body fluctuations by fast fingertips along its surface.

From physiotherapeutic procedures, hydrocarbon is mainly used:

• warm baths with a sea or table salt to restore the bone apparatus;
• aromatic baths on coniferous extracts to get rid of nervous disorders.

For acute form Rahita in small children applies calcium electrophoresis chloride, paraffin applications, ultraviolet irradiation. To restore the psyche, aero and chromotherapy are appointed.

Massage with rhythics. Massage technique: video

Massage breastfeeding in practice (short video)

How to protect the child from Rahita?

Take care of your health and baby mother should already during pregnancy. A woman in the position must be followed by well-being, fully and properly eat, more often to be in the fresh air, move and walk, take vitamin complexes.

When the child appears on the light, his mother needs to go to him for walks every day, it is desirable to breastfeed. The baby regularly should make a massage, teach it physical culture and swimming. A child from a half-year-old age can be periodically bathing with rickets marine Solu. But reception vitamin complexescontaining vitamin D, it is better to agree with the pediatrician.

In the daily diet of children, especially those living in the northern regions, must be products, in supply containing minerals and vitamin D:

1. Meat.
2. Fish and seafood.
3. Eggs.
4. Milk, butter, cheese and other dairy products.

The kids who are fed artificially, it is advisable to buy, enriched with vitamin D. To enhance the immunity and the correct development of the skeleton of children should actively move, hardened, regularly go to walks, especially in sunny weather.

Video about rickets from babies:

The state of the health of a small child largely depends on what parents feed it, as long as it is walking on the street and how accurately execute the Pediatrician recommendations. If the baby is constantly at home, does not receive milk milk, if the lore is not entered into its diet, and all the food is limited to cow milk or unbalanced by milk mixtures, it may develop Rahit.

Rahit is a disease associated with a deficit and impaired mineral exchange in the body. The children of the first year of life suffer from Rakhita, and among the sickness most premature babies and "artificials" (babies that feed on milk mixtures).

For the life of the child, Rahit's danger does not represent, but in the absence of adequate treatment, this disease may leave behind the track for a lifetime - noticeable skeletal deformations, incorrect bite, flatfoot and other similar disorders.

Causes and mechanisms for the development of Rahita

It is known that calcium, phosphorus and vitamin d are needed to form a full bone tissue, providing the suction of the two first substances in the intestine. In the body of the child, all these compounds come with food products (breast milk, yolk, vegetable oil, fish, vegetables, etc.), and vitamin D is also synthesized in the skin under the action of sunlight.

Newborn babies appear on light with a reserve of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D (these substances are particularly actively accumulated in the fetal body in recent weeks of intrauterine life, but only provided that mom is properly feeding and regularly walks on the street), so up to 1-2 The months their bone tissue develops normally. Subsequently, due to exhaustion of stocks, and due to active growth children's organism Begins to need increasingly and more "building" material. If this need is not satisfied, calcium and phosphorus are washed out of the bones. Because of this, the bone tissue becomes less dense and easily deformed. Hence all the unpleasant manifestations of Rahita from the skeleton.

In addition to the effect on bone tissue, the violation of phosphorous calcium exchange is negatively reflected in the state of the muscles and the nervous system of the child. Patients noted a delay in psychomotor development, muscle hypotension and other pathological symptoms.

Thus, the main cause of Rakhita is a deficiency of vitamin D, a certain role in the development of the disease is also played by the lack of calcium and phosphorus. There is such a scarce state in the following cases:

• If the child does not receive all the substances they need with food. For example, when breast milk Parents are replaced by unbalanced mixtures or cow's milk when the lords are introduced late (after 6-8 months), when Kashi dominated in the diet, especially manna.
• If the skin of the child is not irradiated with sunbeams for a long time.
• If the intestines are broken, food digestion and suction of nutrients (if a child has diseases gastrointestinal tractEven the most complete nutrition will not reduce the risk of developing Rahita).

Risk factors Rakhita

In addition to explicit reasons for Rakhita, a number of risk factors can be distinguished:

• The prematurity (kids born ahead of time do not have time to make "stocks" of useful substances - is, first of all, secondly, they have much more often there are problems with the intestine and indeed with the digestive system as a whole).
• The big weight of the newborn (than the kid is larger, the more nutrients and vitamins it needs).
• Multiple pregnancy. Children born from such pregnancy, as a rule, begin to feel the shortage in calcium and phosphorus is still intrauterine. In addition, such babies are more often born prematurely.
• Congenital disorders from digestive organs.
• The dark color of the skin (at dark kids in the skin is produced less vitamin E).

The first signs of Rakhita, for which parents need to be paid attention to:

• Increased sweating of the baby (the mother should alert that even when the child is cool during feeding, sweat is sweat on the Lobik and the spout that it sweats the handles and legs, etc.).
• Bad sleep, unfortunate anxiety, shuddering.
• Baldling.
• Publishers (with rickets, muscle hypotension develops, including the intestinal walls, therefore the peristalism weakens, which leads to the delay of the roaming mass).

These symptoms may appear for 3-4 months of the child's life. If the disease is detected at this stage (it is called initial) and treated, no negative consequences for the health of the baby will not remain. If this moment is missing, the disease will progress (will switch to the stage of the groove), and more serious symptoms of pathology will appear in the child:

• Deformation of the skull, limbs and torso. An indicative feature is a glued head, a large forehead, o- or x-shaped change in legs, etc.
• Strong muscular weakness, due to which another demonstrative symptom appears - "Frog abdomen".
• Loge in motor development (the child does not begin to hold his head, turn over, sit, although his peers is already doing all this, etc.).
• Later teething.
• Various disorders from the internal organs (primarily the gastrointestinal tract).

Gradually, the child's condition, of course, is improving (the stage of recovery begins somewhere 6-7 months after the start of the disease), but the formed bone deformations disappear not completely, with many of them children remain for life. This is a narrow pelvis, and large frontal bumps, and the wrong bite, and the deformed chest (sampled from the sides and the fastened), and flatfoot.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis "Rakhit" An experienced doctor can, as they say, on the eye, but to confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo one simple study -. This is a high-quality test on calcium in the urine, taken from the baby before the first morning feeding. For analysis should be prepared (acquire a urinary in order to be more convenient to collect a baby urine, make some restrictions in nutrition, etc.).

In severe cases, when doctors need to find out the degree of violation of phosphorous calcium exchange and the depth of bone lesion, the patient is carried out a more extensive examination, including:

• Blood tests for electrolytes (calcium and phosphorus), alkaline phosphatase activity (bone destruction indicator), as well as metabolites of vitamin D.
• Determination of calcium and phosphorus content in daily urine.
• Ultrasound bones of forearm.
• X-ray (recently applied rarely).

Treatment Rakhita

To treat children with rickets is necessary, using specific and nonspecific methods (necessarily taking into account the cause of the ailment).

Non-specific methods are meals, and the correct day of the child's day, and various constructing procedures (massage, gymnastics, herbal, salt and coniferous baths, etc.). Specific methods include the appointment of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus preparations, artificial irradiation with ultraviolet skin (recently applied more and mostly in premature children).

Power and day

Food babies with rickets should be directed to providing the body with all the necessary substances. For kids up to a year, the best food is breast milk. If there is no possibility to feed the baby with breasts, you should choose adapted milk mixtures, cow and goat milk for this does not fit.

It is also important to promptly enter the lures of the child, since the needs of the child with each month we grow, and the number of useful substances in female milk with each month, on the contrary, decreases. Therefore, pediatricians do not recommend feeding the child with an exclusively breastfeeding after 6 months of age.

For a child with rickets, the first lure can already be introduced from 4 months, and it is better if it is a vegetable puree, to which over time it is necessary to add natural sources of vitamin D - vegetable oil, egg yolk, and after 7-8 months - fish and meat. In addition, the patient is needed by fruit purees and juices, as well as cottage cheese and fermented milk products. But with porridge, especially manna, it is better to postpone.

As for the day of the day, it must be organized in such a way that the child is daily at least 2 hours outside. Moreover, it is not necessary to substant up the baby under direct sunshine rays (it is even harmful), there will be enough light that breaks through the greens of trees.

In addition, you should be charged with a child, drive it to a massage (or do it yourself after consulting with a specialist). Also kids with rickets are shown salt, herbal, coniferous baths (what to choose, the doctor will tell). After such procedures, the child will be better eat and sleep.

Medical treatment of Rakhita

The basis of this treatment is the reception of vitamin D, and what drug to use and the dose should be prescribed only a pediatrician, since when rickets are dangerous as a small dose of medication (there will be no effect) and overestimated (will be hypervitamin).

In addition to vitamin D, I can assign calcium and phosphorus preparations (without vitamin D, it is impractical). Premature babes often recommend comprehensive medication toolsIn addition to vitamin D, there are other vitamins, as well as all the necessary minerals.

Rahit refers to diseases whose development is very easily prevented by a number of preventive measures. These measures include:

In addition, the prerequisites towards a healthy future Mom can give her child even during pregnancy. To do this, a woman must be balanced to eat, walk more in air and take vitamin and mineral complexes if a doctor prescribes them.

Quite often, with another visit to the pediatrician with a 3-4 month old child, parents can hear the diagnosis of Rakhit. Many parents have the concept of this disease very foggy and superficial, they do not know the basic symptoms of the ailment and do not constitute possible treatment. So what is rickets and what is dangerous when detecting in children?

Rahit is a violation of the sharing of phosphorus and calcium in the body resulting from the lack of vitamins of the group D. First of all, the absorption of calcium ions from the intestine deteriorates, and as a result of its lack, demineralization and bone curvature occurs.

Why do you need vitamin D?

Vitamin D is produced in the skin under the influence of sunlight and only a small part falls into the body with food.

• Promotes calcium transportation through the intestinal wall.
• Enhances the holding of calcium and phosphorne ions in the renal tubules, which prevents their excessive losses in the body.
• Promotes accelerated impregnation of bone tissue minerals, that is, strengthens the bone.
• It is an immunomodulator (regulates the state of the immune system).
• It has a positive effect on the exchange of tricarboxylic acids, as a result of which a lot of energy is released in the body necessary for the synthesis of various substances.

Vitamin D (90%) is produced in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet rays, and only 10% enters the body with food. Thanks to him, the intestine is absorbed by calcium, the necessary organism for the normal formation of bone tissue, the full work of the nervous system and other organs.

With a long lack of vitamin D in children begin to demineralizing bone tissue. Then osteomalacia (softening of tubular bones) and osteoporosis (bone resolution), which lead to gradual curvature of bones.

Most often, rickets are sick between the ages of 2-3 months to 2-3 years old, but kids are most vulnerable to 1 year.

Causes of the disease

If the cause of the disease is rickets one - a shortage of a vitamin D child's body, and as a result, a decrease in calcium levels, then factors provoking a disease, a lot. Conditionally, they can be divided into several groups:

1. Insolation as a result of an infrequent duration of the baby in the fresh air, and the associated decrease in the formation of vitamin D in the skin.

1. Error in nutrition:

• artificial feeding with mixtures, in the composition of which there is no vitamin D, or the calcium-phosphoric ratio is broken into them, which makes it difficult to absorb these elements;
• later and improper administration of lures;
• alien breast milk often causes poor calcium absorption;
• predominance in the diet of monotonous protein or fatty food;
• defective nutrition of a pregnant woman and mother, nursing baby breast milk;
• introduction of predominantly vegetarian supplies (porridge, vegetables) without a sufficient number in the diet of the kid of the protein of animal origin (yolk eggs, cottage cheese, fish, meat), as well as fats (vegetable and animal oils);
• the state of polyhypovitaminosis, especially taking a lack of vitamins of the group B, and some of the trace elements.

1. Prematurity and large fruit:

• the presence is one of the leading reasons for the appearance of Rakhita at the kid, since phosphorus and calcium begin to intensively enter the fetus only after 30 weeks (for 8 and 9 months of pregnancy), so premature children are born with a lack of bone tissue;
• it should also be considered that due to the relatively rapid growth of premature babies in relation to the kids that appeared on time, they need food rich in calcium and phosphorus;
• large kids need much more vitamin D than their peers.

1. Endogenous reasons:

• malabsorption syndromes (impaired nutritional suction in the intestines), accompanying a number of diseases, for example, celiac disease;
• , because of which absorption and exchange processes, including vitamin D;
• the weak activity of the enzyme lactase responsible for the splitting of the milk sugar contained in dairy products.

1. Inheritance factors and predisposition to the disease:

• anomalies of phosphorous calcium exchange and synthesis of active forms of vitamin D;
• hereditary interomalies for metabolism in the body (tyrosinemia, cystinuria).

1. Other reasons:

• mother's disease during pregnancy;
• environmental factor: environmental pollution - soil, and then water and food - salts of heavy metals (strontium, lead, etc.) leads to the fact that calcium in bone tissue begins to replace them;
• contribute to an increase in the need for vitamins, including groups D, but at the same time deteriorate their suction; Also during the disease, the number and duration of walking with the baby is reduced, which leads to insolation;
• (reduction of motor activity), which can be caused by both the impaired nervous system and the absence physical education In the family (charging, massage, gymnastics).

Changes in the body with vitamin D deficiency

The deficiency in the organism of vitamin D leads to changes from many organs and systems.

• The formation of a specific protein is reduced, which binds calcium ions and contributes to their passability through the intestinal wall.
• because of reduced level Calcium in Blood Non-shaped glands begin to actively produce parathgamon, which is necessary to ensure a constant level of calcium in the blood. As a result of this process, calcium can be washed from bone tissue, and the inverse absorption of phosphorus ions in the renal tubules is reduced.
• Failures begin in oxidative processes, the bone demineralization continues, they become soft and begin to be gradually curved.
• In the zone of active growth of bones, an infallible bone tissue is formed.
• Acidosis develops (shear of the acid-alkali equilibrium of the organism in the acidic side), and then functional failures in the central nervous system and many internal organs occur.
• Decreases, the child begins to sick often, and the course of diseases are longer and heavy.

Groups of children, most susceptible to RAHIT

• Baby with the second blood group, mainly boys.
• Children with overweight, large babies.
• Premature babies.
• Children living in large industrial cities, as well as the northern climatic zone and high-mountainous areas where fogs and rains and little clear sunny days are.
• There is a genetic predisposition due to the characteristics of the enzymatic system at the Nero-shaped race.
• Often and long-friendly children.
• Babies born in autumn or winter.
• Children on artificial feeding.

Rachita classification

Currently, several classifications of the disease are adopted.

Distinguish primary and secondary forms of the disease. The primary form is based on the lack of vitamin intake with food or the synthesis of its active forms. The secondary form of Rakhita develops as a result of a variety of pathological processes:

• calcium suction disorder - Malabsorption syndromes;
• fermentopathy;
• long reception by a child medicinal preparations, in particular, anticonvulsion, diuretic and;
• parenteral nutrition.

Depending on the type of exchange violations, allocate:

• rahit with calcium deficiency (calciumpenical);
• rahit with phosphorus deficiency (phosphopopenic);
• without changes in the level of calcium and phosphorus in the body.

By the nature of the course of the disease:

• the acute form at which bone tissue is softened (osteomalacia) and the symptoms of the nervous system of the nervous system are expressed;
• the shape for which the predominance of bone expanding processes are characterized by its vacuum;
• recurrent (wave-like) Rahit, in which frequent relapses are observed after the acute form transferred.

By severity:

• 1 degree (light), its signs are characteristic of the initial period of the disease;
• 2 degree (moderate severity) - changes from the internal organs and the bone system are expressed moderately;
• 3 degree (severe current) - severe violations by domestic organs, nervous and bone systems, a pronounced lag of a child in psychomotor development, frequent appearance of complications.

In relation to vitamin D, Rakhit is divided into two types:

• vitamin D dependent (happens I and II type);
• vitamin D resistant (stable) - phosphate-diabetes, de Tony syndrome - Debre - Fanconi, hypophosphate, kidney tubular acidosis.

Symptoms of the disease

Rickets are clinically divided into several flow periods for which certain symptoms are characterized.

1. Initial period.

It occurs at the age of 2-3 months and lasts from 1.5 weeks to the month. At this time, parents begin to celebrate the appearance of the first symptoms:

• changes in the usual behavior of the child: anxiety, bugs, shuddering with sharp and unexpected sounds, increased excitability;
• decline in appetite;
• the appearance of frequent joins and vomiting;
• the child sleeps restlessly, often waking up;
• face I. maspress part Heads often sweat, especially this is noticeable during feeding and sleep; Pot with an unpleasant sour smell, constantly annoying the skin, thereby causing itching and the peel;
• because of the constant itching, the baby rubs his head about the pillow, hair rolling appears and the characteristic baldness of the head and temples appears;
• there is a decrease in the muscle tone and the weakening of the ligament;
• intestinal spasms, or;
• develops;
• possible attacks caused by a lack of calcium in the body;
• stridor - noisy, whistling breathing;
• pediatrician when ticking the seams and the edges of Big Rodnick notes their softness and compliance;
• thickening appears on the ribs, reminiscent of rosary.

There are no pathology from the internal organs and systems of pathology.

1. Period of fusion of the disease

Usually accounts for 6-7 months of the child's life. The disease continues to step immediately in several directions. At the same time, a number of new symptoms appear.

Bone deformation:

• the process of softening the bones is pronounced, it is especially noticeable if you try the seams and large spring;
• there is a beveled, flat back (Craniotabes);
• dolikhetiaphalia - the elongation of the bones of the skull;
• asymmetric head shape that can resemble a square;
• saddle nose;
• changing the shape of the chest - "Chicken breast" or "Cilent" (forward), or "boobs of a shoemaker" (Pressure in the field of a sword-shaped process);
• there is a curvature of the collar, the compaction of the chest with the simultaneous expansion of the book;
• foot curvature - O-shaped or X-shaped (occurs less frequent) Bone deformation;
• appears flatfoot;
• pelvic bones are applied, the pelvis becomes narrow, "flat-core";
• putting dumping and frontal bumps ("Olympic" forehead) can appear on the head ("Olympic" forehead), which are developing due to excessive growth of non-compliant bone tissue, but over time they disappear;
• "Rachitical rosary" on the edges, thickening in the wrist offices ("Rachitic bracelets"), thickening the phalanx of the fingers ("Night pearls") is all the growing of bone tissue where it goes into cartilage;
• when feeling there is a soreness of leg bones, sometimes the thickening of the knee joints occurs;
• there is a spare at the level of the diaphragm - Harrison of Brozda;
• with the intake, a large springkin is closed - in 1.5-2 years;
• it is noted later and inconsistent teething, bite disruption, deformation of a solid sky and jaw arcs, defects of dental enamel.
• rarely children have pathological fractures, household injuries;
• dwarf.

Reducing the muscular tone and weakness of the ligament apparatus:

• the kid does not turn into the stomach and back, does it reluctantly and sluggish;
• does not want to sit down, even if they are supported by the handles;
• due to the weakness of the abdominal wall in children, the lying position is observed as a symptom as a "frog abdomen", and often the abdominal muscles can diverge;
• spinal curvature - Rachitic kyphosis;
• there is a hyper-adjustment of the joints.

Children, sick Rickets, begin to keep their head late, sit and walk. The gait in the kids is unsure and unstable, the knees during walking are construed, the width of the step is sharply narrowed. The child often complains of fatigue and pain in the legs after walking.

From the side of the nervous system, the symptoms are aggravated by:

• excitability and irritability increase;
• the child is less likely to go, it is missing at all;
• sleep troubled, intermittent;
• children are poorly trained, sometimes even lose already acquired skills;
• a pronounced red dermographism occurs on the skin - change the color of the skin after its mechanical irritation.

From the digestive tract:

• the complete absence of appetite, and no longer intervals between feeding, nor small portions of food do not contribute to its excitation;
• oxygen starvation arising from anemia leads to a decrease in the development of many of the enzymes necessary for normal digestion.

From the side of the blood, there is a pronounced iron-deficiency anemia:

• increased fatigue;
• pallor skin;
• drowsiness and lethargy.

Gives failure the immune system - Children are more and harder.

With rickets, almost all organs and systems suffer from severe. The curvature of the chest and the weakness of the respiratory muscles leads to insufficient ventilation of the lungs and frequent pneumonia. There is an increase in the spleen and lymph nodes. There are disorders in protein and fat metabolism, there is a lack of vitamins A, B, C and E, as well as micro and macroelements, especially copper, and magnesium.

It is a severe degree of disease that most often leads to complications:

• heart failure;
• laryngospasm;
• frequent cramps, tetania;
• hypocalcemia.

1. Period of recovery

Comes to 3 years and is characterized by improving general status Child, the disappearance of neurological disorders and excessive sprouting of bone tissue. The child becomes active, easily turns out of the back on the stomach and back, it is better sitting or walks (depending on age). Pashes pain in the legs.

Unfortunately, muscle weakness and skeletal deformation disappear very slowly.

Some time, the level of calcium in the blood can be still reduced, and phosphorus, on the contrary, will be normal or even increased. Biochemical blood indicators confirm the transition of the disease into the inactive phase and the final period.

1. Period of residual phenomena

This stage of the disease is most often no longer, because Rahit is almost always flowing in a light form.

Forecast and consequences of Rakhita

In the midst of Rakhita, the child appears deformations of bones, in particular, o-shaped or X-shaped bends.

With early diagnosis and timely treatment, the forecast of the disease is favorable. And only with the severe course of Rakhit, some irreversible changes in the body are possible:

• low growth;
• curvature of tubular bones;
• violation of posture - kyphosis;
• uneven teeth, incorrect bite;
• defects of dental enamel ,;
• underdevelopment of skeletal muscles;
• fermentopathy;
• the narrowing of the pelvis in girls, which can lead to complications in childbirth.

Diagnosis of the disease

Most often, the diagnosis of rickets is based on a thorough collection of anamnesis and examination of the child, as well as clinical symptoms. But sometimes additional diagnostic measures can be appointed to determine the severity and period of the course of the disease:

• clinical blood test shows a degree of anemia;
• biochemical blood test determines the level of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase activity;
• radiography of the leg and forearm with the wrist;
• the level of metabolites vitamin D in the blood.

Treatment Rakhita

Treatment of the disease depends on the degree of severity and period, and is primarily aimed at eliminating causes. It must be long and complex.

Currently, specific and nonspecific treatment is applied.

Nonspecific treatment Includes a number of activities aimed at improving the overall condition of the body:

• proper, full-fledged nutrition, breastfeeding or adapted mixtures, timely administration of the feeding, and the first children are best possible to give a vegetable puree from zucchini or broccoli;
• conduct the correction of mother's nutrition if the child is on breastfeeding;
• compliance with the child's day regime, respectively, its age;
• long-term walks in fresh air with sufficient insolation, avoiding direct sunlight;
• regular air ventilation and its maximum natural lighting;
• mandatory daily activities medical gymnastics and a massage course;
• air baths;
• daily bathing in coniferous or herbal baths to calm the nervous system.

Specific therapy Rakhita is the appointment of vitamin D, as well as drugs that include calcium and phosphorus. Currently there are many medicinescontaining vitamin D. But, in any case, they are appointed only by the doctor, based on the child's condition. Doses are selected individually taking into account the severity of the disease. Usually, 2000-5000 IU (international units) are prescribed, the course is 30-45 days.

The most common drugs:

• Aquadener - aqueous solution of vitamin D 3. It is well absorbed, does not accumulate in the body and easily excreted by the kidneys. Suitable for both treatments and rakhita prevention.
• Vigo, Vigantol, Devisol - Vitamin D oil solutions. They are hypoallergenic, suitable children with allergies to aquary. But they should not be given to babies, suffering or having problems with suction.

After the end of the specific treatment, vitamin D drugs can be prescribed for prevention, but in significantly smaller doses. It is usually enough 400-500 meters per day, which give the baby for two years and on the third year of life in the autumn-winter period.

Prevention Rakhita

An important role in rakhita prevention plays breastfeeding.

Rahita prevention should be started long before the child's appearance, even during pregnancy. Therefore, all preventive measures are divided into two groups - before and after the birth of the kid.

During pregnancy, a woman needs to follow these rules:

• full-fledged vitaminized nutrition;
• long stay outdoors;
• moderate physical exercise: Special exercises for pregnant women with permission observing physician;
• reception of complex vitamin preparations throughout pregnancy, especially in the last trimester;
• regular observation of doctors to prevent complications during and after delivery.

Rahita prevention in a child:

• mandatory prophylactic intake of vitamin D, if the child was born in autumn or in winter (dose and drug appoints a doctor); The duration of the prevention rate is 3-5 months;
• proper nutrition, optimally breastfeeding;
• strict adherence to the day of the day;
• long-term walks in the fresh air, avoiding direct sunlight on children's skin;
• air baths;
• daily bathing;
• gymnastics;
• conducting massage courses;
• full nutrition of a nursing mother rich in vitamins; With the permission of a doctor, taking polyvitamin complexes.

Summary for parents

Rahit, like many other diseases, is much easier to prevent than cured. Carefully treat pediatricians, do not forget to give healthy The child appointed for a long term "droplets" - Vitamin D preparations. These "droplets" will maintain the health of your baby and get rid of it from Rahita - is sufficiently heavy as you have convinced illness.

To which doctor to turn

The treatment and prevention of Rahita conducts a pediatrician. With severe disorders from the musculoskeletal system, the consultation of the orthopedist is shown, with the development of iron deficiency anemia - hematologist. In case the lack of vitamin D is associated with the intestinal disease, you should contact the gastroenterologist. Violation of the formation of jaws and teeth can be corrected by a dentist.

In the period of active growth of babies, a terrible "beast" - Rahit. Signs of Rakhita in children should know every parent, since this insidious disease has unpleasant consequences. The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the more successful its treatment will pass, in most cases without complications and consequences. Rahit is known since the years, for many years he was investigated and tried to win. Today, doctors know how to diagnose this disease, why it arises, how to treat it, and most importantly - how to warn.

What is rickets?

Rahit is a disease that children are subject to early age. With it, calcium-phosphoric exchange is broken, the functions of the internal organs and the nervous system are disorganized, and the processes of bones and costh formations are destabilized. The occurrence of this disease is associated with the insufficiency of the vitamins of the group d in the body. These vitamins are necessary for the normal learning of calcium and its proper distribution.

Vitamin D is a group of substances. The mains are Vitamin D 2 and Vitamin D 3. Vitamin D 2 is contained in vegetable, and Vitamin D 3 - animal fat. However, the diet independently cannot provide the right assimilation of the vitamin data by the body. Only their predecessors come with food, which are then converted into group vitamins under the action of ultraviolet.

The name of the disease comes from the Greek word "Rakhis", which means the spine or the ridge. This is due to one of the consequences of Rakhita - the hump. It is also called the disease of active growth, because most often Rahit has the children under the year. The classic boundaries of this disease - from 2 months to 2 years. Another common name of Rakhita - "English disease" - formed in the 17th century, since it was manifested in children who lived in factory zones with a permanent, lack of sunlight and ultraviolet.

Rahit in children up to a year varies according to the severity of the disease and the nature of the flow. It happens Rahit:

• 1 degree (light);
• 2 degrees (medium);
• 3 degrees (heavy).

By the nature of the flow:

• Acute;
• Subacute;
• Recurrent.

Also, the disease is divided by periods:

• Elementary;
• The height of the disease;
• Reconvalue (recovery);
• Residual phenomena.

Symptoms and signs of Rakhita

Many parents are worried about the question: how to determine Rakhit in a child. Some signs of this disease are visible to the naked eye, others are confirmed by special research. Symptoms of Rakhita in infants vary depending on the period of its flow. The initial period of the disease in kids up to a year is characterized by changes in the work of nervous and muscle systems:

• children have anxiety, irritability;
• the kid shudders when the bright light is turned on and from loud sounds;
• the child becomes swelling, especially in the head area, for sweat is characterized by an unpleasant smell;
• on the back of the head appear
• the muscle tone is reduced instead of the usual hypertonus for this age.

During the ranking of the disease, the symptoms of the initial period characteristic of changes in muscle and nervous systems are progressing. They are accompanied by the lag of children in psychomotor development. Bone changes are especially noticeable:

• asymmetric shape of a head resembling a square;
• saddle nose;
• bite disorders;
• "Olympic" forehead;
• later and inconsistent teething.
• scoliosis;
• savior breasts;
• thickening on the rips, called "rosary" and others.

To diagnose rickets in children and then appoint proper treatmentYou should pay attention to the following signs:

• changes in the bone system (head, spine, chest, limbs);
• clinic (iron deficiency anemia, weakness, frequent respiratory diseases, tachycardia, etc.);
• Uz-signs;
• X-ray signs;
• Biochemical signs (based on blood and urine tests).

If the child has symptoms initial stage Rakhita, he is assigned 1 degree. If the changes affect the systems of internal organs and bones, there are 2 degrees of the disease. When children have signs of psychomotor and physical lag, severe damage to the internal organs, the nervous system and bones, the disease is assigned 3 degree.

Causes and consequences of Rachita

For a long time the causes of Rakhita were unknown. Scientists have advanced hypotheses: sometimes successful, sometimes no. In 1919, Guldchinsky made the assumption that one of the grounds for the development of Rahita is insufficient exposure to the child with sunlight. After some time, the remaining causes of this disease were formulated:

• endogenous;
• prematurity;
• incorrect feeding.

Under endogenous reasons, it is necessary to understand those that arise as a result of internal diseases. It may be violations that cause normal absorption of vitamin d from the gastrointestinal tract, liver disease, kidneys and others. Rahit is most often observed in premature children, since the "lion's share" calcium is laid in the skeleton for 9 months of pregnancy. Due to the early emergence of the child's body, the child does not have time to accumulate such an important substance for the development.

In infants, rickets practically does not occur, subject to full-fledged properly organized feeding. To fulfill this condition, there should be no health problems with a nursing mother. A child who is on artificial or mixed feeding can occur Rahit if its nutrition is based on non-adapted mixtures (for example, but a cow or goat milk). Also provoke disease maybe insufficient nutrition or incorrectly chosen milk mixtures.

If it does not start the treatment of Rakhit on time, it can cause serious consequences:

• violation in the bone system (for example, a square head, a wpa chest, legs "wheel" and others);
• bite disruption;
• tendency to infections;
• iron-deficiency anemia.

With severe rickets (3 severity), the following complications are possible:

• heart failure;
• convulsions;
• laryngospasm;
• hypocalcemia and others.

Rachita treatment in children up to a year can be divided into a specific and non-specific. Specific treatment is made by the doctor and includes the purpose of the vitamins of the group d, calcium and phosphorus. The doses and the need to accept those or other vitamins and trace elements determines only a children's doctor after carrying out the necessary analyzes. At the end successful treatment The child is assigned a preventive course of admission of Vitamin D.

Today, the UFO method is not used for children. It is believed that the younger kid, the more careful you need to be with ultraviolet. Additional use of calcium and phosphorus is also not fully solved. If the child's nutrition is balanced, then the additional intake of calcium simultaneously with vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia.

Non-specific methods of treating Rakhit are aimed at strengthening the child's body up to a year and include:

• natural feeding (or a thoughtful choice of mixture);
• compliance with the day mode;
• walking in any weather with sufficient (but not excessive!) Staying in the sun;
• massage;
• gymnastics;
• hardening;
• therapeutic baths (after 1.5 years): salt, coniferous or on herbs;
• treatment of diseases associated with rickets.

Today, doctors are more important to make children with nonspecific methods. An important role is played by walking, gymnastics and massage.

Rahita prevention should be carried out both during pregnancy and after the birth of the baby. Before birth, it includes:

• full nutrition;
• reception of polyvitamins;
• walks;
• physical exercises.

Prevention after birth contains the following measures:

• compliance with the day mode;
• competent feeding;
• massage;
• gymnastics;
• hardening;
• daily walks;
• reception by mom and / or child polyvitamins (as directed by the doctor);
• reception in small doses of vitamin D in the autumn-winter period of the year (as directed by the doctor).

A particularly important role in the prevention of Rahita is played by breastfeeding (at least up to 4-6 months), the correct and timely introduction of the supplies. Also important massage, gymnastics and walks.

Doctors say: "It is better to warn something to treat." Therefore, the prevention of Rakhita should be taken to be taken in full and hold it even during pregnancy. After the birth of the baby, follow his health, temper, make a massage and breastfeeding, as long as possible. Grow healthy!