Our vision makes our life richer, more informative, more active. Therefore, it is so important for a person in a timely manner to solve all the problems that arise with eyes, because even the slightest probability stopping seeing this beautiful world scares.

The eyes are a window into the world, this is the reflection of our soul state, this is a repository of mysteries and secrets.

In this article we will pay special attention to central and peripheral vision.

What are their differences? How is their quality determined? What differences are peripheral and central view Do people and animals and how are animals see? And how to improve peripheral vision ...

This is still very, very much will be considered in this article.

Central and peripheral vision. Interesting information.

First of central vision.

This is the most important element of human visual function.

It received such a name, because Provided by the central retina and central pocket. It gives a person the opportunity to distinguish forms and minor items, so its second name is uniform.

Even if it slightly decreases, the person will immediately feel it.

The main characteristic of the central vision is the acuteness of sight.

Her research has great importance In the assessment of the entire visual apparatus of a person, to track various pathological processes in the organs of vision.

Under the urgency of view, the ability of a person's eye is understood to distinguish between two points in space, located close to each other, at a certain distance from the person.

We also pay attention to such a concept as an angle of view, which is an angle formed between the two extreme points of the subject matter and the nodal point of the eye.

It turns out that the greater the angle of view, the lower its sharpness.

Now about peripheral eyesight.

It provides a person's orientation in space, makes it possible to see in darkness and semi.

How to figure out what is central, and what is peripheral vision?

Turn the head to the right, the word is called any object, for example, a picture on the wall, and fix the look at any separate item. You see him well, clearly, isn't it?

This is due to central vision. But besides this object, you see so well, a large number of different things also fall into view. This, for example, the door to another room, a wardrobe that stands next to the picture you have chosen, a little dog sitting on the floor. You see all these items are unclear, but, nevertheless, you see, you have the opportunity to catch their movement and react to it.

This is peripheral vision.

Both eyes of a person, not moving, capable of covering 180 degrees on horizontal meridian and slightly less - somewhere 130 degrees vertical.

As we have noticed, peripheral vision is less compared to the central. This is explained by the fact that the number of colums, from the center to the peripheral retinal departments, is significantly reduced.

Peripheral vision is characterized by the so-called field of view.

This is a space that is perceived by a fixed look.

Peripheral vision is invaluable for humans.

It is thanks to it that is possible free familiar movement in the human surrounding person, orientation in the environment surrounding us.

If peripheral vision for some reason is lost, even with full preservation of central vision, the individual cannot move independently, it will be stumbled upon every subject on its way, the ability to cover large items.

And what sight is considered good?

Now consider the following questions: how the quality of central and peripheral vision is measured, as well as which indicators are considered normal.

First of central vision.

We are accustomed that if a person sees well, "the unit on both eyes" say about him.

What does it mean? That each eye separately can distinguish between two close-based points in space, which are given on the retina an angle of one minute. So it turns out the unit on both eyes.

By the way, it is only the bottom norm. There are people who have vision 1.2, 2 or more.

It is most often used to determine the severity of vision, the Golovin-Sivzeva table is used, the one, where the letters woven the letters are known in the upper part of all the letters sits in front of the table at a distance of 5 meters and closes alternately, then the left eye. The doctor points to the letters in the table, and the patient utters them out loud.

Normal is the vision of a person who sees the tenth line with one eye.

Peripheral vision.

It is characterized by a field of view. His change is the earliest, and sometimes the only sign of some eye ailments.

The dynamics of changes in the field of view makes it possible to estimate the course of the disease, as well as the effectiveness of its treatment. In addition, due to the study of this parameter, atypical processes in the brain are detected.

Study of the field of view is the definition of its boundaries, identifying the defects of the visual function within them.

To achieve these goals used various methods.

The easiest of them is controlled.

Allows you to quickly, literally in a few minutes, without the use of any devices, determine the field of view of a person.

Essence this method - Comparison of the peripheral vision of the physician (which should be normal) with peripheral vision of the patient.

It looks like this. The doctor and the patient sit opposite each other at a distance of one meter, each of them closes one eye (the variety of eyes are closed), and open eyes perform a point of fixation. The doctor then begins to slowly move the brush of his hand, which is located on the side, out of sight, and gradually bring it to the center of the field of view. The patient should indicate the moment when he sees it. The study is repeated from all sides.

With this method, the peripheral vision of man is only roughly evaluated.

There are more complex methods that give profound results, such as campimimetry and perimetry.

The boundaries of the field of view may differ from a person to a person, depend, including from the level of intelligence, the characteristics of the patient's face structure.

Normal indicators for white color are as follows: up - 50o, duck - 90o, upstand - 60o, upstairs - 60o, Blank - 90O, Book - 60o, Knutka Book - 50o, Knutrice - 50o.

Perception of color in central and peripheral vision.

The experimental way is established that human eyes can distinguish up to 150,000 shades and color tones.

This ability affects the various sides of the human life.

Colorful eyesis enriches the picture of the world, gives an individual more useful informationIt affects his psychophysical state.

Colors are actively used everywhere - in painting, industry, in scientific research ...

Per colorful vision The so-called columns are responsible, photosensitive cells that are in the human eye. But the sticks are responsible for night vision. In the retina, there are three types of colums, each of which is most sensitive to blue, green and red spectrum sites.

Of course, the picture that we get due to central vision is better saturated with flowers in comparison with the result of peripheral vision. Peripheral vision better catches brighter color, red, for example, or black.

Women and men, it turns out, see differently!

Interestingly, women and men see somewhat differently.

Due to certain differences in the structure of the eyes, a fair sex is capable of distinguishing more colors and shades, rather than a strong part of humanity.

In addition, scientists have proven that men are better developed central vision, and in women peripherals.

This is explained by the nature of the activities of people of various sexes in ancient times.

Men went hunting, where it was important to be clearly concentrated on some one object, nothing besides him. And women watched housing, had to quickly notice the slightest changes, violations of the usual flow of domestic life (for example, to quickly see the snake folosing in the cater).

There are statistical confirmations of this approval. For example, in 1997, 4132 children were injured in the UK as a result of an accident, of which 60% of boys and 40% of girls were injured.

In addition, insurance companies noted that women are much less likely than men fall on cars in the accidents that are connected with side blows at intersections. But parallel parking is given to excellent ladies more difficult.

Also, women are better seeing in the dark, more small details are noticed in a wide wide, if you compare with men.

At the same time, the eyes of the latter are well adapted to tracking the object at the far distance.

If you consider others physiological features Women and men will form the next advice - for a long trip, it is best to alternate as follows - a woman to give the day, and the man is the night.

And a few more interesting facts.

Beautiful ladies have a slower, rather than in men.

In addition, women's eyes are better suited for observation of objects at close range, so they, for example, can be much faster and tracked men to make a thread in the needle's ear.

People, animals and their eyesight.

Since childhood, people occupy a question - how do animals see, our favorite cats and dogs, soaring in the height of birds floating in the sea of \u200b\u200bcreatures?

Scientists have long been studying the structure of the eyes of birds, animals and fish so that we can finally find out the answers you are interested in.

Let's start with our favorite pets - dogs and cats.

The way they see the world is significantly different from how the world sees. This happens for several reasons.

First.

The acuity of vision in these animals is significantly lower than in humans. The dog, for example, has a vision of about 0.3, and the cats are generally 0.1. At the same time, these animals have an incredibly wide field of view, much wider than a person.

The conclusion can be done like this: the eyes of animals are maximally adapted for panoramic vision.

This is due to the structure of the retina, and the anatomical location of the organs.

Second.

Animals are much better than a person see in the dark.

Interestingly, dogs and cats at night are even better than during the day. All thanks to the special structure of the retina, the presence of a special reflective layer.

Third.

Our pets, unlike a person, is better distinguished by moving, rather than static items.

At the same time, animals have a unique ability to determine the distance on which one or another object is located.

Four.

There are differences in the perception of colors. And so, despite the fact that the structure of the cornea and lens in animals and the person is practically no different.

A person distinguishes much more colors than dogs and cats.

And it is connected with the features of the structure of the eyes. For example, in the eyes of the dog there is less "columns" responsible for the color perception than in humans. Therefore, they distinguish between the colors.

Previously, there was a theory that vision in animals, cats and dogs, black and white.

This is if we talk about the differences of human vision of pets.

Now about other animals and birds.

Monkeys, for example, see three times better than a person.

Eagles, vultures, falcons possess extraordinary urgency. The latter can well consider the target, up to 10 cm, at a distance of about 1.5 km. And the vulture is able to distinguish between rodents of a small size, which are 5 km away from it.

The record holder is in panoramic vision - Waldshnep. It has almost circular!

But all of us the familiar dove has an angle of view of approximately 340 degrees.

Deep-sea fish see well in absolute darkness, sea skates and chameleons can generally look at the same time in different directions, and all because their eyes move independently of each other.

These are such interesting facts.

How is our vision change in the course of life?

And how our vision changes, as central and peripheral, in the course of life? What sight are we born and what come to old age? Let's pay attention to these questions.

At different periods of life in people have a different acuity of sight.

A person is born, and it will be low. In a four-month age, the child's acuity is approximately 0.06, it grows to 0.1-0.3 by the year, and only five years (in some cases up to 15 years), vision becomes normal.

Over time, the situation changes. This is due to the fact that the eyes, like any other organs, undergo certain age changes, their activity is gradually decreasing.

It is believed that the deterioration of visual acuity is the inevitable or almost inevitable phenomenon in old age.

We highlight the following points.

It is very important to know and take into account, especially people who continue to lead an active lifestyle, drive a car, etc.

A significant deterioration of it is peripheral vision occurs after 65 years.

The output can be made next.

Reduced central and peripheral vision with age - this is normal, because the eyes, like any other body human organismare susceptible to aging.

FROM bad vision Not to be me ...

Many of us have already known since childhood, who want to be in adulthood.

Someone dreamed of becoming a pilot, someone - an auto mechanic, someone - photographer.

Everyone would like to do in life exactly what I like is no more, no less. And what is the surprise and disappointment when when receiving a medical certificate for admission to this or that educational institution, it turns out that your long-awaited profession will not become, and everything is due to poor vision.

Some do not even think that it can become a real obstacle to the implementation of plans for the future.

So, let's figure out which professions require good vision.

They are not so little.

For example, it is precisely an acuteness of view that jewelers, watchmakers, persons employed in the exact small instrument making in the electrical, radio industries, in optical-mechanical production, as well as a typographical profile profession (it can be a typewriter, correctioner, etc.).

Undoubtedly, the sharp should be the vision of the photographer, seamstress, shoe.

In all of the above cases, the quality of central vision is rather important, but there is a profession where the peripheral role plays the role.

For example, the pilot of aircraft. No one will argue that its peripheral vision should be at the height, as well as the central one.

The driver's profession is similar. Well developed peripheral vision will avoid the many dangerous and unpleasant, including emergencies on the road.

In addition, auto mechanics should have excellent vision (and central, and peripheral). This is one of the important requirements for candidates when taking a job for this position.

Do not also forget about athletes. For example, football players, hockey players, handball players peripheral vision approaching ideal.

There is also a profession, where it is very important to correctly distinguish between the colors (the safety of color vision).

This, for example, designers, seamstresses, shoes, employees of the radio industries.

We train peripheral vision. A pair of exercise.

Surely you heard about the courses of aperture.

The organizers undertake in a couple of months and not for such a big amount of money to teach you to swallow books one after one, and perfectly memorizing their content. So, the lion's share of time on courses is given precisely the development of peripheral vision. Subsequently, a person will not need to drive through the rows in the book, he can immediately see the entire page.

Therefore, if you set a task in a short time to develop peripheral vision in a short time, you can sign up for traffic courses, and in the near future you will notice significant changes and improvements.

But not everyone wants to spend time on such events.

For those who want at home, in a relaxed atmosphere, improve their peripheral vision, we give a few exercises.

Exercise number 1.

Be near the window and lock the look on any subject on the street. It may be satellite antenna on a nearby house, someone's balcony, or a slide on the playground.

Fixed? Now, without moving through your eyes and head, name items that are located near your favorites.

Exercise number 2.

Open the book you read at the moment.

Choose some word on one of the pages and lock your gaze on it. Now, without moving with pupils, try to read the words around the one you recorded the look.

Exercise number 3.

For him you will need a newspaper.

It needs to find the most narrow column, and then take a red handle and in the center of the column, top down, draw a straight thin line. Now, I glid to look only on the red feature, without turning the pupils to the right and left, attempt to read the contents of the speaker.

Do not worry if you can't do it for the first time.

When you get with a narrow column, select wider, etc.

Soon you can cover whole pages of books, magazines.

In ophthalmology exist different types blindness - from full loss of vision to partial. Depending on the reasons for impairment of vision, both eyes may suffer from this or only one of them. Human vision is the main body of feelings through which information comes from the outside world, and its loss negatively affects the quality of life and employment.

Partial or complete blindness is not only associated with biological pathologies, but also depends on the safety of the workplace, the home environment, the presence of contacts with chemical and toxic substances. Polluted Environment, Pesticides in agriculture Or insufficient receipt with food of trace elements can lead to partial or full blindness.

What is visual acuity, what deviations are

The acuity of vision is the ability of the eye to distinguish between two figures close to each other. When checking, the Sivzian-head tables consisting of 12 rows are used. The top line in these tables of people with normal vision is visible in 50 m, and the tenth - for 5 m. Such vision denote 1.0. Additional lines (11-12) are visible to people with vision above normal, respectively 1.5 and 2.0, but this is not the limit: there are data on people who can distinguish persons at a distance of 1.5 km.

Even a person with perfect vision can be blinded, this is due to different reasons, both congenital and acquired. WHO recommends a preventive inspection 1 time per year. Timely diagnostics are needed to prevent loss of vision. In the world, 300 million people suffer from this ailment. In ophthalmology, blindness is called anomalies of view, in which a person completely or partially loses the visual perception.

Pathology, causing deterioration or loss of vision:

1. Cancer eye.
2. Cataract, closet of lens in old age.
3. Injury eyeball or hemorrhage into the brain.
4. Glaucoma, damage to the optic nerve due to increased pressure.
5. Weakening view against the background of HIV or CMV infection.
6. Retinoblastoma, which is common to the form of baby cancer.
7. Retinopathy caused by diabetes.
8. Amblyopia. With her blindness, one eye occurs when the brain suppresses the work of the organ to get a clear picture.
9. Strabismus.
10. Infectious diseases that can give complications on senses.
11. Inherited diseases causing vision.
12. The cause of blindness in the abnormality of the refractiveness of light rays.

The emergence of the latter of factors can cause:

1. Myopia. The focus point of the light rays is not on the retina, but in front of it, which prevents the remote items.
2. Falnarity. The focus point is behind the retina, and only when age hyperility Well distinguishes remote items.
3. Astigmatism. Disrupting the form of a lens or eyeball, which is why the objects are blurred boundaries or they are twisted.

So that the doctor can put the correct diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination.

The blindness can be both congenital and acquired. Congenital blindness arises in hereditary diseases, intrauterine defects for the development of the fetus, poisoning or infections transferred to the mother during pregnancy. She is put immediately after birth. Acquired blindness occurs during oxygen starvation and generic injuries, immune diseases, diabetes, pathologies affecting the CNS, including infectious, diseases of cardio-vascular system, injuries, poisoning toxic substances and in improper nutrition.

Types of blindness

The blindness is constant when irreversible changes occurred with vision, and temporary when the loss of feelings is episodic. There are many blindness classifications, the main ones are: according to the degree of view, due to the occurrence. To determine the disease, the visual sharpness is found out, intraocular pressure and field of view separately for each eye.

The classification according to the degree of address of view contains the following concepts:

1. Professional blindness. With loss of vision, it is impossible to continue professional activities.
2. Incomplete blindness. It is impossible to clearly see the object at a distance of 3 m, to calculate the number of objects at this distance.
3. Subject, or practical, blindness. There is lightness, indistinguishable outlines of objects.
4. Absolute blindness. Absent spectatical signalsThe pupil does not respond to bright light. The optic nerve does not transmit the characteristics of the objects, their color, size, distance to them.

Weakness:

• the first category is 10-30% of the norm, with one eye, with the correction of glasses;
• the second category is 5-10% of the norm, with one eye.

• the third category is 2-5% of the norm;
• the fourth category is only a feeling of light;
• the fifth category is missing light, patients do not see anything.

Due to the occurrence, the following states distinguish:

Signs of problems with vision

Vision - difficult process. Due to the fact that a person has 2 eyes surrounding the world is not flat, but voluminous. Of the advantages binocular vision There is a disadvantage when the patient notices a decrease in visual acuity with one eye. With due check, signs may not be noticed for several years. An irregular visiting an ophthalmologist is a dangerous practice that subjures the main channel of information gains unreasonable risk.

Causes for extraordinary appeal to the doctor:

• selection from one or both eyes;
• non-flow tension in the muscles surrounding the eyeball, regardless of the degree of fatigue;
• nervous tick with a calm emotional state, which is continuing within 1 week;
• pain in centuries or eyeballs that are not passing within 3 days;
• constant drying of eyeballs, which may indicate problems with blood supply or fungal infection;
• feeling of an extraneous subject that has not passed after washing the eye;
• the pain or pressure in the back of the eyeball is often a precursor stroke;
• frequent cases of burst vessels, which indicates an increased intraocular pressure.

When hiking, not only visual acuity is measured, but also a horizontal and vertical viewing angle, as well as intraocular pressure. These checks will allow to notice the deterioration before degeneration becomes irreversible. Children need additional examination for the survey.

The effects of blindness

With a significant reduction in vision, the patients feel a distance from the world, problems arise with oriented in space, it becomes impossible to find out the exact size or distance to the subject. Reducing or termination of labor activity leads to a deterioration life conditions. With such an extensive increase in negative situations, people arise negative emotions, depressive states, thoughts about the misunderstanding of life and the attempt of suicide. During the examination and decide on the degree of blindness, a special scale is used.

Keywords:

• fully lost sight;
• people who have only light accessories left;
• patients who have residual vision of 0.02-0.05 from the norm.

Psychological assistance needs a blinding patient in order to cope with emotional stress. Only the help of doctors specializing in loss of vision will give to understand the patient how to prepare for changed circumstances.

When the emotional background comes back to normal, the brain redistributes the resources between other senses that take the functions of lost vision. There is an exacerbation of hearing, smelling and tanging, as a result of which the orientation is improved on the terrain and long-term memory. Increases analytical abilities, logical thinking And attention, thanks to which blind people can navigate in space. An important component of further existence is the memory of visual images of various items.

For timely diagnosis Four out of five people with blindness could be avoided. For timely detection, the problem should be held an annual examination from an ophthalmologist, to observe whether the necessary useful substances come with power. And it is also necessary to monitor personal safety and avoid toxic effects on the body. Unpauable in ophthalmology are disturbed by the work of the optic nerve or blood hemorrhage in the brain, all other diseases are treated with varying degrees of success.

People who are in the risk group with predisposition to pathologies, when there is a violation of sight (blindness can develop imperceptibly), as well as the injury to the eye or occupancy of the brain, it is necessary to undergo annual diagnostics, to see the doctor when the symptoms of vision deterioration.

Video

What is good vision?

To see well - what does it mean? Immediately after birth, a person has a good vision, which, alas, has a tendency to worsen. The article will answer one question - good vision is how much?

Deviations from the norm

The rays of light passing through the eye are refracted. The refractive strength is indicated in diopters.

With violation of the ability of the eye to refract the rays, the vision deviates from the norm. Indicated as follows:

1. 0 - 20 diopters with the sign "-" - myopia.
2. 0 - 20 diopters with the sign "+" - hypermetropia.

Norm

Normal in everyday life is considered vision when a person sees in the distance, reads without effort.

Ophthalmologists have good vision denotes 1.0. Sometimes there are deviations in 0.5 diopters. In this case, the correction is not needed and it is believed that a person has a vision of 100%.

When checking an ophthalmologist, a person with good eyesight sees a clear 10 line of the Sivzian table (letters).

How to affect the eyes of colored lenses

Colored lenses were created about thirty years ago, but they are relevant to this day. Progress did not bypass them, and for thirty years a lot has changed. They became the most comfortable, now you can pick up for a variety of eyes and have a variety of color variations.

Some people categorically refuse to apply this eye decoration, believing that it contributes to impairment of vision. There are many myths created on the basis of this opinion. But, are they true?

Are colored colored lenses face eyes?

Some believe that since there is a dye in such lenses, and they fit very close to the eye, the coloring substances are gradually being introduced into the eyes, sharply worsening eyesight.

The appearance of this myth to explain is easily - most likely, he was invented during the time when the lenses were not so comfortable and high-quality. And he is untold. The substance that gives the color effect is in the center of the lens. In its edges there are protective shells. The outer shell protects the eyes from a variety of external negative factors, and the internal - increases comfort when they are wearing and, as if, does not give to penetrate the coloring substances inside the eye.

It is worth considering that this applies only to high-quality eye non-ferrous lenses created by manufacturers with a good reputation.

Do colored lenses harm brown eyes harm?

About the dangers of non-ferrous lenses for brown eyes are legends. Considering that only a few colored lenses look good on Karich's eyes, the view that the lenses suitable for them are very dense and violate many processes occurring in very eyes live in many minds. Many people think that satellite lenses suitable to light eyed causes harm, but colored lenses are what contributes to a strong impairment of vision.

Of course, the color of brown eyes, especially, very dark, is able to overlap not all lenses. But if you choose them competently, the desired result can be achieved. In myth there is a share of truth - the tint lenses will not "be brought" with brown eyes. But, they affect the eyes in the same way as non-ferrous, and, on the eyes of a different color.

You can contribute to the cessation of the existence of this myth. Take a look at the table of color lenses, which will help you choose the most suitable shadesIf you have dark brown eyes. But, do not forget that there are no ideal and completely overlapping natural color, and sometimes natural color will still peck. For example, if you look at the bright light, the iris near the pupil will be karay.

Color lenses

Well overlaps the color of dark eyes

Poorly overlaps the color of dark eyes

If there is no shade, which you look after your brown eyes, can be judged logically. In the case when it looks darker than the rest, it is probably suitable. If you prefer the bright shade yourself, especially very different from your native color, such lenses will look bad.

Does colored lenses worsen the vision due to diopters?

Such a question can ask people who own a small number of information about non-ferrous lenses. The myth that any colored lenses are able to adjust vision, very old, but still, relevant.

There are colored lenses with diopters and without them. Therefore, if you are not disturbed by the vision of vision, you need to purchase the most ordinary lenses without diopters. But, if you pursue two goals at once, that is, you want to change the color and improve your eyesight, contact a specialist.

Are colored colored lenses of sight?

The opinion is difficult to be called absolutely unturid, because in some situations the lenses slightly narrow the vision field, for example, worsening the appearance of what occurs on the side.

But this problem is bothering not all. If this eye decorating the subject is selected taking into account the radius of curvature, the risk of its occurrence is reduced to zero. If you find it difficult to choose and have an idea about this radius, it is better to ask for help to ophthalmologist.

Do color lenses distort color reproduction?

This myth is extremely easy to dispel, if you finally dare and try on what has been scared so long ago. But, if you do not have the need, and you wonder why myth does not bear the truth, there is a reasonable explanation.

If you look at the lens, you can see that in the area of \u200b\u200bthe pupil is not and the colors. And, it is arranged so that with a competent selection and proper wearing, it will not close the pupil. Consequently, the color part closes only the iris and does not distort the color reproduction.

Can we carry non-ferrous lenses cause chronic conjunctivitis?

If you have a friend or familiar who say that their eyes suffered from non-ferrous lenses. By purchasing chronic conjunctivitis, it is not worth fully believing.

It can be said that their eyes suffered from using non-ferrous lenses. But, the reason lies not in the composition and features of this subject, but in its negligent use. If you treat the lenses inactively and not follow the rules of hygiene, they will be able to harm the eyes and even become a provocateur of some diseases. But if you treat them properly and consult with specialists, no problems will arise.

Are colored eye lenses injury?

Ophthalmologists more than once had to listen to stories that fitting lenses and their wearing is a painful and painful occupation, after which the eyes blush, cause a desire to scratch them and hurt. Such stories told those who have direct affiliation to medical professions scare them and give rise to not allow themselves to use lenses. But, is it worth believing these stories?

Undoubtedly, they may be truthful in cases where elementary rules for using non-ferrous lenses were not met. It should not be assumed that with these thin products that change the color of the eyes, you can contact the way you are pleased.

If you do not have experience in applying and choosing ordinary lenses, be sure to read the elementary rules of their application. If you get a box with lenses and try to try on, without learning how to do it, and without buying the necessary related products, the risk of damage to the eyes really high.

Can colored lenses cause dry eye?

Some people who use lenses with color complained about the unpleasant sensation, the reason for which the eye was dry. Moreover, it is difficult to eliminate special drops, because when wearing lenses, she appeared again. The output was one - get rid of lenses. But, isn't it too radical measure?

Most likely, the cause of dryness in this case turned out to be too frequent wearing lenses, unless other hygienic measures were observed.

The recommended time of their use is eight hours. Next, from better to shoot. Do not wear them daily without breaks. Despite the fact that they are created from safe materials, the eyes need to relax, because they are still foreign body in them.

Video - Is it worth wearing color and decorative lenses?

How to use color lenses so that they cannot harm

There are several rules, knowledge and use of which will ensure the wearing of non-ferrous lenses with comfort:

1. In order for the purchase of lenses to be a waste of money and a provocateur of various eye problems, do not be lazy to go to an ophthalmologist, even if you did not observe any problems. There are many factors because of which lenses are categorically not recommended. Find out if you have such.
2. An important rule is a competent selection. If, for example, buy lenses with diopters for eyes, characterized by perfect vision, they will spoil it. Therefore, do not hesitate to ask sellers of consultants and ophthalmologists, especially if you have a minimum of information about non-ferrous lenses.
3. It is necessary to ask not only about the color lenses themselves, but also about the goods associated with them. Do not spare money on what should be purchased so that their wearing is as comfortable as possible.
4. After trying on lenses, compliance with elementary hygiene is required. Wash your hands before decorating with them eyes. If there is no source of clean water nearby, use the antiseptic. It is also necessary to remove lenses.
5. Pay attention, for what time these small eye decorations are calculated. Wearing their longer period that is specified on the package is categorically not recommended. For example, if you bought one-day lenses for any event, you can wear them no more than one day. Even in the case when you wore them just a few hours, the next day you need to dispose of them.
6. Do not remove lenses overnight - a huge mistake, fraught with extremely unpleasant consequences. To avoid them, do not forget to shoot them before bedtime.
7. In the case when you are sure that you did everything right, but lenses deliver special discomfort, stop their wearing and go for advice to a good ophthalmologist. Perhaps, with primary inspection, the features of the eyes were not identified or were purchased after.

The main reasons of visual impairment are glaucoma, myopia, cataracts, gerontological, diabetic changes in the eye dna, and technology, in particular, computers, televisions and other devices play a significant role in the development of these diseases.

World Day Sight Day is celebrated in the second Thursday of October on the initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO). This date is noted in the calendar to attract global attention to the problems of blindness, violations of vision and rehabilitation of people in violation.

One of the factors to help preserve vision and avoid eye diseases, is timely prevention. It is important to avoid "dry eye syndrome", which is relevant for people working in premises with artificial light, regularly make gymnastics for the eyes, with long-term work at the computer every 30-40 minutes to take breaks to relax the eyes, try more often to blink with a long visual load.

The second factor is the timely identification of symptoms, because it is possible to avoid up to 80% of the problems with vision, if you turn to the doctor in time. Noticing at least the slightest deviation in the familiar "vision" of the world, for example, when reading, the text is blown away, when viewed, it seems to be in the fog, the eyes will move or appeared the feeling of "sand in the eyes", sometimes before the eyes of the "flying", there is discomfort, pain or itch Eyes, it is important not to postpone to turn to the oculist. It also makes sense to regularly check the visual acuity in order not to miss the first symptoms.

How to independently check the visual sharpness?

At home, it is possible to mainly check only the indicator of visual acuity, although it is worth remembering that this is not the only important characteristic of the human eye.

The acuity of vision is the ability of the eye to distinguish between two points with a minimum distance between them, that is, this is an eye price indicator. For the rate of vision acuity of 1.0 (that is, 100%). A person can have a visual sharpness, for example, 1.2 or 1.5, but most of the visual acuity is below the norm - 0.8, or 0.4, or 0.05, and so on.

In fact, we check the distance from which a person can clearly see the subject. So, a person with an urgency of view of 1.0 will be able to read the number of the car from a distance of 40 meters, and for a person with a sharpness of view in 0.4 this distance will be approximately 16 meters.

We determine the visual sharpness of the special tables with optotypes, the most common is the Golovin-Sivzian table - it is it hangs in ophthalmologists. Print and use such a table at home.

Tables to verify visual acuity

For the manufacture of a table, use white matte paper. The size of each paper sheet when printing should be A4, and the orientation is landscape. Printing three sheets, they need to be glued together and attach the table on the wall so that the 10th line is at the eye level when testing vision.

"Save and print all three parts of the table"

Before checking vision, the table needs to be illuminated with a lamp. We check each eye separately, one eye is covered with palm, and the second "read letters." Cover the eye do not grumble. The table must be 5 meters away from the eyes. There should be 2-23 seconds to recognize the sign.

The numerical value of the visual acuity is equal to the numerical value of the letter V in the last of the lines in which you did not allow errors in excess of the norm.

The visual acuity is considered complete if in the ranks with V \u003d 0.3-0.6 you were allowed when reading no more than one error, and in rows with V\u003e 0.7 - no more than two.

If you got the meaning of visual acuity less than 1.0, that is, you do not see or see not all the letters below the conditional 10 lines, then it is worth passing a professional inspection from an ophthalmologist, where the characteristics of your vision will be checked in more detail - eye refraction, eyefly, functional and anatomical features visual apparatus.

Office workers - in the risk group

If you are sitting in front of the computer screen, you take care of the protection of your eyes:

• Move the monitor away, the distance from the eyes to the screen should be at least 50-60 cm.
• Do not install the computer in front of the window.
• Follow the cleanliness of the screen - no less often than once a week, wipe it with special napkins.
• Take care that the light in the room is not too bright or too dark.
• If your eyes are tired - make a complex of special gymnastics.
• In the evening, with severe eye fatigue, rinse them with tea, infusion of chamomile or superimpose special compresses.
• Strengthen vision using nutrition: yellow and bright orange fruits and vegetables will help (pumpkin, carrots, sweet peppers, oranges, persimmon), honey, apricots in any form, blueberries, carrots and others.

Age-related changes

The most common eye diseases, leading to the loss of vision, is glaucoma, age macular degeneration (NMD in the spaciousness is called retinal dystrophy) and cataracts. It is possible to restore vision only when cataracts, changes in glaucoma and NMD are irreversible. At the same time, glaucoma is chronic illnesswhich can occur without any symptoms, therefore, for the timely diagnosis, mandatory preventive examinations are needed.

Macula degeneration is one of the most frequent reasons The blindness in people of retirement age, so every person over 40 years old, especially if he is in the risk group, must regularly visit the ophthalmologist.

We are faced with the need to check the vision every time we go to study or arrange to a new job, we pass a medical board in the military registration and enlistment office or to receive driver's license. But are we always aware that it is determined in the office from an ophthalmologist and what is meant by the "test of vision"? In many cases, vision verification implies only visiting visual visual, although this is not the only important characteristic of our eyes.

At the moment, a large number of sites offers to test the vision online. The process looks simple - you need to select a table to verify vision corresponding to the diagonal of your monitor, and move out 1-2 meters. However, testing of vision in such conditions gives an extremely approximate result and there are several reasons for this: the size of optotypes (letters, geometric figures), the desired contrast of the image, as well as the distance to the table, which must be at least 4 meters (standard in Russia is 5 meters, in foreign countries - 6 meters) to avoid the effect of accommodation for the result obtained.

Another disadvantage of such tests is the test of such a fairly important, view parameter, as refraction. Then how exactly on this indicator and you can determine if you have, and / or.

We invite your attention an option to check the main parameters of view at home, which gives the maximum approximation to testing vision in medical institutions. Perhaps it will seem to you somewhat more complicated than on other sites, and will require a little longer, but the result will be much more accurate.

Before proceeding directly to testing vision, it is necessary to make some explanations regarding visual acuity (OZ) and refractive. Most people confuse these concepts. We will try to explain themselves if possible, resorting to a certain simplification and departing from the wording adopted in ophthalmology.

Visual acuity

In accordance with professional terminology, visual acuity is the ability of the eye to distinguish between two points with a minimum distance between them. According to the conditionally accepted norm, the eye with 100% vision (V \u003d 1.0) is able to distinguish between two remote points with an angular resolution of 1 minute (or 1/60 degrees).

In a strong simplification, this means that visual acuity is a qualitative indicator of the eye of the eye, which gives the opportunity to measure how well a person sees (clearly). Over the rate of vision acuity of 1.0 (100%) is the so-called unit. Determine it by special tables with optotypes. In our country, the most common is the Golovin-Sivtsieva table (or simply the Sivzian table).

A person can have a visual sharpness, for example - 1.2 or 1.5, or even 3.0 or more. In case of problems such as the refraction anomalies (myopia, hyperopiasis), astigmatism, cataract, glaucoma, etc., visual acuity falls below the norm, for example - 0.8 or 0.4, or 0.05, and so on.

Often there are attempts to express visual acuity in percent. However, it should be borne in mind that a simple translation of this indicator in percentages is incorrect. In such a recalculation, everything is much more difficult, since it is necessary to take into account other parameters that determine the quality of view. Therefore, although 1.0 is 100% vision, but, for example, 0.2 is not 20, but 49% of the norm. Similarly, it is impossible to translate into percentage by conventional arithmetic action any indicators of visual acuity that differ from the unit.

What is the difference in visual sharpness manifest? The main difference is in the distance from which people are equally clearly seen the same subject. For example, a person with an urgency of view 1.0 can read the car number from about 40 meters away, provided sufficient illumination. The less lake, the smaller the distance from which the number will be read. Under visual sharpness, 0.4 is the distance will be approximately 16 meters. At a larger distance, the numbers and letters will already merge either become simply indistinguishable.

Another example is a person with urgency of view 1.0 reads the top line of the test table from a distance of 50 meters, and with oz equal to 0.1 - no further than from 5 meters.

Refraction Eyes

The eye is a complex optical system consisting of several refractive media: cornea, lens, fiscame body and water and moisture. Like any optical system, the eye has a focal length (focus). The position of the focal point of the eye relative to the retina is called clinical refraction, or simply refraction of the eye.

Normally, the focus is on the surface of the retina and this state is called emmetropy (refractive is zero). Under the myopia, the rear focus of the eyes is located in front of the retina, and at low-heartiness - behind the retina.

Even in the absence of serious problems with vision, it is useful to know the refraction of their eyes. This will help predict future deviations from the norm in adulthood and old age (for example, in the case of hidden hyperopia). If the acuity of vision is less than the norm, then may cause refractive deviations that require correction. And when the refraction is normal - it is necessary to look for other reasons associated with a decrease in the transparency of the optical media of the eyes (for example, it may be ambulopia, clouding of the cornea or lens due to cataracts) or with neurological problems.

Refraction is very often confused with urgency. But visual acuity is a value that does not have a measurement unit, while refraction is measured in diopters and is indicated using a measurement unit, for example - 1.0 D (DPTR or diopter). Sometimes in medical conclusions, recipes, etc. Units of measurement are lowered (although it is incorrect), in such cases that we are talking about refraction, indicate the records: SPH or Cyl.

Refraction affects visual sharpness - the stronger the deviation of the refraction from the norm, the stronger the acuity of sight decreases, although there are no direct dependencies. Those. It is impossible to calculate how much visual acuity decreases when refraction to the definite amount of diopter decreases. There is no feedback - visual acuity does not affect refraction.

Determination of visual acuity on the Sivzian table

First of all, it is necessary to make a check table. Download and print it on a laser printer. It is important to take into account the following requirements:
. The paper should be white, matte, without shades of yellowness;
. when printing PDF files, the page scaling (Page Scaling) must be turned off;
. Paper size when printing \u003d A4 (not letter), orientation - Landscape (landscape).
We glue three sheets with each other and attach the resulting table on the wall using a tape or buttons. Depending on, standing or sitting you will be checked, the layout of the table is selected - the 10th line should be at the level of the eye.

The table must be illuminated by one incandescent lamp or two fluorescent lamps, so that the illumination is 700 LCs (incandescent lamp with a capacity of 40 W). Light from lamps (s) should be sent only to the table.

In the proposed Table of Sivtsi, optotypes are contained to determine the visual acuity in the range of 0.1 - 5.0 from a distance of 5 m, and the first 10 rows (with V \u003d 0.1-1.0) are characterized by a step in 0.1, follow-up two rows (V \u003d 1.5-2.0) - in 0.5, and three additional rows (V \u003d 3.0-5.0) - in 1.0. Usually used in ophthalmic cabinets Table Sivzew contains only the first 12 rows.

The check must be carried out for each eye separately, i.e., the second eye is covering the palm or a piece of dense material, for example - cardboard, plastic, (do not clutch!). The acuity of vision is considered complete, if in the ranks with V \u003d 0.3-0.6 you were allowed when reading no more than one error, and in the ranks with V\u003e 0.7 - no more than two. 2-3 seconds are assigned to the sign recognition. The numerical value of the sharpness of your vision is equal to the numerical value of the letter V in the last of the lines in which you did not allow errors in excess of the norm. If the subject sees more than 10 lines from 5 meters - contrary to emerging misconception is not a farewell. In this case, we are dealing with the urgency of vision above the average norm (what is sometimes called orlin vision).

If you have received a visual acuity value less than 1.0, it is advisable to check the refraction (see the following section - refractive measurement). If, according to the results of the test below, the deviation from the norm will be revealed, it means that possible cause Reduction of OZ is an abnormal refraction.

We hope that it has now become clearer why and how far from the standard tests to verify vision, which are offered on the overwhelming majority of sites. And even the test proposed by us does not guarantee one hundred percent compliance with the result obtained in the professional inspection of the ophthalmologist. But for home checks, the result is quite accurate.

Defraction definition

In order to determine the refraction of the eye, you need to measure the distance to its longest point of clear view (dates - i.e., points, further which all images become blurred, because no longer focus clearly on the retina), having previously done it artificially in a singular installation of relevant positive (or negative - for high myopia) Lens. Since the most optimal distance when performing manual operation is 20-50 cm, then the total refraction of the eye together with the lens should be from -2 to -5 diopters. Thus, in the myopia, about 1 diopter to the eye should be forged any lens (points) from +1 d, but not more than + 4 d (otherwise the error of the definition of datailas) is increasing). Miops, wearing power points from -2 to -5 d, can define refraction directly without installing any lenses. Hyperopasses will have to add two or three diopters to their current full correction. If you do not know about the presence of deviations of refraction and visual acuity, it is equal to 1.0, then the definition of refractive must be carried out using the lenses by force in +3 D.

Materials
. The ruler is 50 cm, and more convenient - construction tape measure with a retainer and bubble level determinant.
. Small text (better - linear barcode of any product), spherical lens with optical power calculated as described above.

Methodik
Holding one hand to the end of the line (or tape tapes) and the lens, slowly bring the small text or barcode to the eye until all the letters (lines) are very clear - and measure at centimeters the distance from the lens (or eyes if The lens was not used) to this point, i.e., before the databes. Recalculate the resulting distance to the optical force (100 / dates) and threading the value of the optical force of the attached lens (if it was used), get the refraction value of your own eye.

Example 1. A weak Miop in glasses +2.5 D defined the datasets of one of his eyes at 33 cm, and the other - at 25 cm. It means that its myopic refraction is 100/33 - 2.5 \u003d 0.5 diopters for the first eye and 100/25 - 2.5 \u003d 1.5 diopters for the second.
Example 2. Weak hypermetrope in glasses +4.0 D determined the attes of his eyes at 40 cm. Hypermetropia is - \u003d 1.5 diopters.

With a high degree of myopia, there is a risk of gaining overestimated results, because The attacked negative lens can provoke the inclusion of accommodation - then the measurement is better to repeat in the conditions of cyclopellegia (this can be done only in a medical institution).

Astigmatism
1. Determine the position of one (as a rule, weaker) meridian, for which we first use the usual test on astigmatism, for example, the so-called radiant figure.

Those lines that are visible very clearly when looking at the test or first become clear when the test approaches the eyes, as a rule, correspond to weak meridian (for simple and complex myopic, as well as mixed astigmatics; in the case of hypermetropic astigmatics, the situation is opposite, so artificially myopize Its eye corresponding to the positive sphere).

2. Armed with a bar code (the small text is not suitable) and turning it under this angle, in which the image of the lines is obtained by the most clear (based on the predetermined position of the main meridian axis in paragraph 1), determine the datasets along the same technique.

3. Expand the bar code 90 degrees to any side and determine the dates for this meridian, approaching the barcode to the eyes to the full line of lines.

Rule. The clarity of vertical (or close to vertical) lines gives refraction in the horizontal (or braid close to the horizontal) meridian; The clarity of horizontal lines is in the vertical meridian.

Example 3. Rates on the vertical barcode lines in glasses with SPH +1.0 are 31 cm, and horizontal - 25 cm. So, myopia horizontal meridian 100/31 - 1.0 \u003d 2.25 d, and vertical - 100/25 -1.0 \u003d 3.0 D. Diagnosis - complex myopic astigmatism.

The above methods for determining visual acuity and refraction may seem difficult to fulfill, but in reality it will take at all not much time and effort. These costs will pay off much more accurate results than those that can be obtained using other testing options. And in this - the advantage of the unique method (author) of the eye refraction.

If you have problems or questions about defining refraction in this way, you can ask a question in.

Table to verify vision

Below you can download the Sivzian table in different formats.
CorelDraw. - (2 large pages 297 × 630 mm)
PDF. - (3 Pages A4 Landscape) and (3 Pages A4 Landscape)
SVG. - and (1 large page 297 × 630 mm).

Page update date: 19.02.2019

Acrement of view: Norm, diagnosis, disorders Website 2019-01-30T14: 11: 34 + 03: 00

Normal coefficients

Eye's ability to see and distinguish between two objects located nearby, call the urgency. For normal indicators Consider two points on the distance of five meters. The distance between these points, at the same time, is 1.45 mm. If there is a drop in visual acuity, then such testing will be successful.

Deviations from the norm (1.0) can occur naturally and cause the organism aging. However, often eyesight deteriorates sharply and decreases at a young age and even in children. The reasons for this are the mass computerization and the occurrence of various diseases.

Indicators below 1.0 - What does this mean?

In order to understand what the reason for a sharp change is connected, comprehensive surveys are carried out. The sharpness rate is below 1.0 usually indicates the presence of a progressive disease. Among the most common illnesses refers:

• Myopia. Focus occurs before the retina. The change in visual acuity reduces the ability to distinguish between the items away, the feeling of fast fatigue, cutting, headaches appear.
• Falnarity. The focus of the image is located behind the retina. Reducing visual acuity makes a person unable to see well at close range. Accommodation is violated, there is a bombing of the gaze, arises squint.
• Astigmatism. The causes of the sharp decrease are the wrong forms of lens or cornea. Images are distorted, it is split objects, headaches arise.
• Glaucoma. Deals appear due to abnormalities from the norm intraocular pressure. When the eye pressure decreases, the internal structure is deformed visual organ, retinal dystrophy. If a speed \u200b\u200bnerve It is badly damaged, then with such a diagnosis leads a ailment to full blindness.
• Cataract. There is a cloudy lens. As a result of the deterioration of the disease, a person begins to react painfully to the light and poorly distinguish between colors. There are difficulties with reading and twilight orientation.

Often it can lead to a deterioration of vision specifics of work: improper working conditions, harmful production, constant voltage of attention. However, eye diseases are stated in children. In this case, the loss of good dorms with illness passed by inheritance is often associated.

The main rules for checking the clarity of the eye

Violations of visual acuity are determined using special tables where letters or numbers are depicted. The procedure is performed in an ophthalmologic office or in specialized stores on selection of points and lenses. Any first sign of the eye violation should be a reason for further diagnosis and treatment.

For an adult, tables with letters are used, for a child, not yet able to read, with symbols. The norm is when it is clearly visible and readable 10th line from 12. Based on such diagnostics and further surveys, it will be possible to understand what affects impairment of vision and what treatment will be optimal.

Basic verification rules:

1. A man sits at a distance of five meters from the table.
2. Images are located from the window from the opposite side.
3. The 10th line of the diagram is strictly opposite the eye.
4. The table should be illuminated by special lamps.
5. Each eye is diagnosed separately - one is open, the other is covered, but not lit (it affects the sharpness of the symptoms and the truthfulness of the results).
6. Recognize a letter or a sign needed within 2-3 seconds - more time will already indicate a deviation.

How to check at home

Inteblishing a decrease in the acuteness of human vision, you can conduct preliminary diagnosis and home. This will help various online tests, where the result is issued at the end.

You can use tables as in an ophthalmic office to check. Examples of tables can be found on the Internet and print on a standard A4 sheet. The finished sheet with images is placed on the wall. A fluorescent lamp is installed on the table or two lamps (40 watts) on the sides. On the presence of first changes and violations indicates the inability to consider the letters or symbols of the 10th line. In this case, it is necessary to make an appointment to the reception to the ophthalmologist.

Dangerous symptoms

There are first signs of impairment, which may indicate the emergence and development of diseases:

The loss of visual acuity makes life insufficient and becomes the cause of the development of numerous pathologies. In order to detect deviations in a timely manner and successfully solve the problem, you need to regularly visit the ophthalmologist (at least two times a year). In the risk group there are people with genetic predisposition to diseases that were in the family.

Often the acuity of vision is reduced after the injuries suffered, for example, during damage to the upper cervical vertebrae. Many diseases are developing on soil of diabetes mellitus, cervical osteochondrosis, transferred genetic diseases. Amendments are subject to the organs of the elderly. Timely appeal to the doctor and diagnostics is the most important step towards speedy recovery.