The old Ukrainian city of Chernihiv is located at the intersection of the borders of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus, at the crossroads of water, rail, automotive and air transport routes.
Chernigov settled in the north of Ukraine, in the eastern part of Chernigov Polesia, on the right bank of the Derne River, in its middle course, where the gums valley goes to Lubek Chernihiv Plain.
The surrounding relief is predominantly lowered and flat, which is typical for the bottompall lowland. The right slope of the valley of the gums is rather steep, and here the manifestation of erosion and the development of ravines are noticeable. The width of the river within the city reaches 140 m.
In addition to the gums flowing in the southern part of the city, its right tributaries are located within the city feature of Chernigov: small rivers Riding in the center and Belous - in the West.
The local climate is distinguished by a short moderately soft winter and warm last summer.
The most common version of the origin of the name of the city from the word "black". Perhaps it is somehow connected with the black soil or the name of the chimemifical cat's river.
People began to settle the Chernigov region in the days of Paleolithic, about 100 thousand years ago. And the active development of this territory began in the late Paleolite, more than 20 settlements with age are 10-35 thousand years old.
The permanent settlement on the site of Chernigov appeared at about the VII century. At that time, Seversk Slavs lived in the city. The first written mention of Chernigov is contained in the annals dated 907, when Chernihiv became the center of Seversk land and one of the largest cities of ancient Russia. At the end of the IX century. Kiev Prince Oleg seized the lands of the Northern Tribal Union, and the city began to expand quickly, which contributed to a profitable geographical position on the Desna River. According to the River, Chernigov supported trade relations with Kiev, Novgorod and even the Arab East - according to the Volga-Don route.

In the XI century The city was the capital of the Chernihiv Principality and continued to grow. With the dynasty of Olgovichi, the city reached the greatest heyday when its area exceeded 450 hectares, and the population approached 40 thousand at that time Chernigov was one of the largest cities in Europe.
It is not known how much the fate of the city, which could be the capital of the whole Russian land, if not the Mongol-Tatar invasion of the XIII B, interrupted the development of Chernigov. The city was destroyed and burned with nomads and forever lost his leading position in ancient Russia.
Freed from the Tatar-Mongolian yoke, Chernigov became part of the Moscow state, in the middle of the XVI century. Becoming a reference fortified point at the border. Chernigov was repeatedly attacked by Lithuanian and Polish troops, in the troubled time of the XVII century. It was captured and looted by Flavmitry I, and then burned the Poles killing many civilians.
The city at the time departed to the Commonwealth speech, but at the end of the XVII century, after the uprising, under the leadership of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, returned to the Russian state. In memory of these victories in the city installed the Monument Khmelnitsky.
At the beginning of the XIX century. Chernigov received the status of the administrative center of the Chernihiv province.
In the first half of the XX century, during the years of Soviet power, Chernihiv became a large industrial center, a massive housing construction was conducted in the city. In 1941, German troops seized the city. Over the two years of occupation, more than 50 thousand civilians died. On September 21, 1943, an almost completely destroyed city was released and for five years was restored.
Currently - the Northern Regional Center of Ukraine.
In Chernigov, the economy and industry are quite highly developed, by the level of living of the population, he takes the seventh place in the republic. But in the number of outstanding architectural and historical monuments Chernigov stands at one of the first places among the cities of Ukraine.
Only monuments of the Domongolian period are about a third of all Ukrainian.
The oldest part of the city is the shaft, the former Chernihiv Keynets, a place where the city originated, from where he expanded, Chernigov's cultural and administrative center. Here the main part of the historical buildings and museums of the city are collected, the main of which is the oldest of the Savior Transfiguration Cathedral in Russia, laid out in 1033 Mstislav Vladimirovich - the first famous Chernihiv prince. Here, in the cathedral, there is a burial of Novgorod-Severskius Prince Igor Seversky, which is shot in the "Word about the regiment of Igor".
For many centuries, the tree remained the most protected part of Chernigov, his main and only fortress. Earlier there were many buildings here, but only the Palace of Archbishop, built in 1780, was preserved to this day, built in 1780
Next to the shaft is the Borisoglebsky Cathedral of Building XII century. The cathedral was practically destroyed during the German occupation, but was restored in the 1950s in its original form. Currently, the National Architectural and Historic Reserve "Chernigov Ancient". As part of this reserve - more than 30 buildings, including the Annunciation Church, Ilinskaya Church, the collegium building.
Many monuments in the city are famous personalities, including poets A.S. Pushkin and T.G. Shevchenko: They were both in Chernigov.
Among the many temples, the church of St. Catherine, standing on the Kiev highway and has become a kind of symbol of Chernigov. The church was built in 1715 g of the Cossack Yakov Liezogub in memory of his grandfather Yakov Lizogub and his combat comrades that showed themselves in 1696 during the storming of the Turkish fortress of Azov, who heard the impregnable.
The city center is the Red Square, which appeared in the XVIII-XIX centuries. and previously called a Pyatnitsky field, named after the temple of St. Paraskeva Friday, built at the end of the XII century.
Where the southern slopes of the Bolden Mountain of the highest part of the urban landscape are descended, immediately near the Ilyinsky Church, there are antoniyev caves with three underground churches: St. Feodosia, St. Anthony and Nicholas of the sacrament. Antoniyev Caves - Christian Monastery, laid down in 1069 by Anthony Pechersk founder of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. They constitute a complex of underground corridors and rooms with a length of 350 m at a depth of 2 to 12 m. Antoniev caves are also included in the "Chernigov Chernigov" reserve. From this place, the panorama of the ancient part of Chernigov opens and the holy grove is clearly visible, where, according to another Chernihiv legend, in 992, the baptism of the city.
In the immediate vicinity of Anthony Caves, two Slavic Kurgans, created in the pre-Christian times and ninnable Gulbish and Unnamed. In Chernigov, another Kurgan was preserved - black grave, where the first Chernihiv princes were buried in the pagan times.

general information

Location: Eastern Europe, North of Ukraine.
Administrative center and the Chernigov region (the district does not include).

Administrative division: 2 district (Desnyansky and Novozavodsky).

Historic districts: Bobrovitsa, carnival, cowboard, cats, red farm, fishing rod, masana, old and new bait, wool.
Languages: Ukrainian, Russian.

Ethnic composition: Ukrainians, Russians, Belarusians, Jews.
Religions: Orthodoxy, Protestantism, Baptism, Judaism.
Currency unit: Ukrainian hryvnia.

The largest rivers: Desna, haircut, Belous.

The largest lake: Wellezia.

Numbers

Area: 79 km 2.

Population: 296 896 people. (2011).
Population density: 3758 people / km 2.

Height above sea level: 136 m.

Remoteness: 139 km north of Kiev.

Economy

Industry: chemical, light, food, pulp and paper, printing, metallurgical, metalworking, building materials, woodworking.

Products of folk crafts:products from the vine.
Services: Tourism, Transport, Trade.

Climate and weather

Moderate, moderate continental.
The average temperature of January: -7 ° C.

The average temperature of July: + 18.7 ° C.

The average annual precipitation: 600 mm.

sights

■ Chernihiv shaft.
■ Historical and architectural reserve "Ancient Chernigov".
■ Parks: Forest park Elovshchina, im. MM Kotsubyubinsky, Birch Grove, Maryina Grove, Square Bogdan Khmelnitsky.
■ Valley gums.
■ Churches: Antoniyevs Caves with underground churches of Sv Feodosia, St. Anthony and Nikolai Saintsoshi (XI century), Assumption Cathedral of the Yelets Monastery (XI century), Trinity Cathedral of the Trinity-Ilinsky Monastery (XI century), Savior Transfiguration Cathedral (XI .), Borisoglebsky Cathedral (XII century), Ilinskaya Church (XII century), Pyatnitskaya (St. Paraskeva) Church (XII-XIII), Catherine Church (XVII century). Church of Peter and Paul (XVII century), Resurrection Church (XVIII century).
■ Bishops (XVIII B).
■ Museums: Historical and literary and memoir museum. M. Kotsyubinsky, Historical Museum. V. Tarnowsky, Art Museum, Architectural and Historical Reserve "Chernigov Ancient".
■ Monuments: A.S. Pushkin (end of the XIX century), Bogdan Khmelnitsky (middle xx century).
■ Domit Feodosia Uglitsky (end of the XVII century): The only wooden structure of the Cossack time.

■ Boldin Mountain.
■ Pagan mounds: Black grave, Unnamed, Gulbit.
■ Collegium (XVIII century).
■ Rafting Office (Lizoguba House, end of the XVII century).
■ Red Square (XVIII-XIX centuries).
■ Mazepa's house (end of the XVII century).
■ Light music fountain.

Curious facts

■ The attraction of the Chernihiv shaft is 12 cast-iron guns. The townspeople argue that the tools gave Chernigov itself Emperor Peter I Great as a sign of the recognition of the heroism of Chernihiv Cossacks in the fight against the Swedish conquerors. Historians believe that Emperor Peter just left here the old guns, not wanting to carry them into Moscow.
■ In 1805, the Chernigov Dragun Regiment Heroyaka showed himself in the battle at the village of Shengrabien (Austria), for which the first of the cavalry parts received Georgievsky Standard. In 1812, the regiment fought in the battle of Borodino.
■ In 1986, after an accident at the Chernobyl NPP, many residents of Chernigov took part in the elimination of its consequences. In the year of the Decade of this tragedy, a bronze monument was established on the heroev Alley in honor of the dead Chernihiv.
■ In the 1690s, a representative stone house was built in the southwestern part of the shaft, called residents of the Mazepa House. The urban legend says that Elderly Hetman hung his godfather's mother's daughter in this house and a baby's beloved, damned mother for a vicious connection with the killer of his father.
■ High humidity in the anthony caves did not allow wooden iconostasis in cave churches. Therefore, brick walls with metal icons were folded instead. Tsarist gates are also made of metal.
■ The Towers of the Savior-Preobrazhensky Cathedral served as peculiar watches, and priests with an accuracy of five minutes could determine the time of the year of worship. Window niches on the left tower-bell tower and were directly hours. Niches are located so that sunlight fills large niches in exactly one hour, and smaller niches are for 30, 15 and 5 minutes. Thus, with clear weather, the rigor determined when it is necessary to beat the time of morning service, dinner and evening.

The section is very easy to use. In the proposed field, it is enough to introduce the necessary word, and we will give you a list of its values. I would like to note that our site provides data from different sources - encyclopedic, intelligent, word-forming dictionaries. Also here you can get acquainted with examples of using the word you entered.

The meaning of the word Chernigov

chernigov in the Crosswordist Dictionary

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

chernigov

city in Ukraine, Center Chernihiv region. Railway assembly, port on r. Gum. 306 thousand inhabitants (1991). Lightweight (camscreen-cloth factory, etc.), food, engineering (including radio production), chemical (by "Himvolokno") industry; Factory of musical instruments, etc. Pedagogical institute. 2 Theater. Museums: Historical, Artistic, Literary and Memorial M. M. Kotsyubinsky. Known with 907. Cathedrals: Transfiguration Savior (11th century), Borisoglebsky (12th century); Pyatnitsky Church (Kon. 12 - Nach. 13 centuries), House of Lizogub (1690s., Ukrainian Baroque); Yeletsky's ensembly (founded at 17 century) and Troitsky (17-18 centuries) of monasteries.

Chernigov

city, Center of the Chernihiv region of the Ukrainian SSR, port on the right bank of the river. Gum. Knot J.-D. Lines (on Gomel, Ovruch, Nizhin) and highways. 233 thousand inhabitants (1977; 69 thousand in 1939; 90 thousand in 1959; 159 thousand in 1970). In Ch. ≈2 of the city district.

Ch. ≈ One of the oldest cities of Russia. In the 9th century He was the center of the East Slavic tribes of Northerners. From the end of the 9th century. As part of the Kiev Rus. For the first time mentioned in the chronicle under 907. In 10≈12 centuries. He was a major craft and shopping city. At 11≈13 centuries. The capital of the Chernihiv Principality. In 1239 destroyed by Mongol-Tatars. From the 2nd half of the 14th century. Under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1503 is attached to the Moscow State. In 1611 captured by Poland. The population of C. actively participated in the liberation war of the Ukrainian people 1648≈54. From 1654 as part of the Russian state. From the 1782 center of Chernihivsky vicarity, from 1797 ≈ Malorossiyskaya, from 1802 ≈ Chernihiv province. Developed as a local shopping center. At the end of the 19th century Connected by rail with Kiev through Bakhmach.

Soviet power was established on January 19 (February 1) 1918. During the Civil War, the Austro-German troops seized, the Directory of Ukrainian, Denikintsy. Soviet power was restored on November 7, 1919. Since 1932, Ch. ≈ region city. From September 9, 1941 to September 21, 1943, the German-fascist troops were occupied by the city huge damage. After the war restored.

Chemical (Kimvolokno association), lightning (chamblock combine, wool primary processing factories, sewing, shoe), food (meat processing plant, dairy and brewery, confectionery and pasta factory, etc.) industry. Plants: auto parts, instrumental; Combine of large-passenger house-building, musical instruments factory (piano), cardboard, etc.

The city has survived monuments of architecture of Kievan Rus: Spaso-Preobrazhensky (11 V.: See ill.), Borisoglebsky (12th century), Uspensky (12th century) Cathedrals, Ilinskaya (Kon. 11 ≈ NC. 12 centuries) and Parasites Fridays (Kon. 12 ≈ NA. 13 centuries) of the Church; Monuments of architecture 17-18 centuries. (Ukrainian Baroque): Lizoguba House (1690s), Collegium (1702), Cathedral (1679≈89) and refectory (1677-79) Trinity monastery, Catherine Church (1715). At the beginning of the 19th century. C. Insured on the regular plan of buildings in the style of classicism ≈ House of the Governor's General (from 1975 ≈ Historical Museum; 1804, Architect A. D. Zakharov) and others, strongly destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, Ch. Restored by the General Plans (1945 , 1958 and 1966), the center was built (1950-55, Architect P. F. Bullevsky, I. D. Yagodovsky), built buildings of the theater (1958, Architect D. S. Fridlin, S. P. Tutuchenko et al.) , Commander of the CP of Ukraine and the House of Political Enlightenment (1974). Monument V. I. Lenin (Bronze, Granit, 1967, sculptors A. E. Belostotsky, O. A. Suprune, Architect V. M. Ustinov), Memorial victims of fascism (granite, 1974, Architect A. A. Karnabed, Sculptor Gutman P. Gutman).

In C. Pedagogical Institute. T. G. Shevchenko, branch of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, Evening Mechanics and Technological, Cooperative, Soviet Trade, Legal Technical College, Medical and Music School. 2 museum (historical, literary and memorial M. M. Kotsyubinsky); Branch of the Reserve "Sofievsky Museum". Regional Music and Dramatic Theater, Regional Puppet Theater, Philharmonic.

Lit.: Logvin G. N., Chernigov, Novgorod-Seversky, Glukhov, Putivl, M., 1965; Karnob╨d A. A., Cherniyigi. [Drawutivenik, Key © B, 1969]; Cherniygiv [Photo Album. Author text M. Romanika, Photo V. Sichova, Key © B, 1967]; Cherniyov 1050 Pokiv. Recompaniini Liaterouri Lists, Cherniygiv, 1957; ICTRII MICT I CILS © NIC © RSR. Cherniygivska region, ki © B, 1972.

N. N. Ostryanko, S. K. Kelesso.

Wikipedia

Chernigov (station)

Chernigov - Railway station of the South-West Railway, located in Chernigov in Ukraine.

Restored and acquired a new appearance after the Great Patriotic War.

Restored in 1999. The night is not closed, the waiting room is quite large, but not lit.

Chernigov (values)

• Chernigov - An ancient city in the Northeast of Ukraine, the regional center of the Chernihiv region. The historic center of the Left Bank of Ukraine, one of the largest cities of Kievan Rus.
• Chernigov - Railway Station of the South-Western Railway.
• Chernigov - Corvette of the Naval Forces of Ukraine (1996-2005).
• "" - Marine Travel of the Naval Forces of Ukraine.

Chernigov (Merchal)

Chernigov (U-310) - Marine Travel of the project 266th (Aquamarine cipher, according to NATO classification), carbon defense ship of the Black Sea Fleet of the Navy of Russia. As part of the Black Sea Fleet, the USSR Navy was called " Antiaircrafter"And had on-board numbers of the C-923 (in 1986) and C-924 (in 1984 and 1990), as part of the Navy of Ukraine was called since 1997" Yellow Waters"In 2004 he was renamed" Chernigov».

Chernigov

Chernigov - City in the north of Ukraine, the administrative center of the Chernigov region, as well as the Chernihiv district. The Northern Regional Center of Ukraine. The historic center of Seversk land, one of the largest cities of the Old Russian state.

Examples of consuming the words of Chernihiv in the literature.

Svyatoslav Yaroslavich on the exile of the brother got seniority along with the main table of Kiev, the next brother, Vsevolod, who contacted before in Pereyaslav, turns to Svyatoslav in Chernigov.

Vsevolod sat in Kiev, on the table of his father and brother, took all the Russian volosts, put the son of his Vladimir in Chernigov, and the nephew Yaropolk Islavich - in Vladimir-Volynsky, giving to him tours.

Kiev brother Vladimirk, crouching for the Dnieper and Chernigovbottom and Pereyaslavsky volost, Izyaslav sent to Chernigov Boyarin of his bare find out what is being done there.

Davydovich with the novel were already in Vyshgorod, the night was transported throughout the Dnieper, and in the morning came to the other day ChernigovWhere Izyaslav, buried his brother, sat on the table.

Novgorod residents saw that the danger from Vsevolod is close and great, and for help from Chernigov Poor hope and therefore, the liberty of Vladimir Svyatoslavich, sent for Prince to Vsevolod: he gave them a sidet of his own, Yaroslav Vladimirovich, the landless son of the landless father Vladimir Mstislavich.

Novgorod will be behind Kiev, Ttumutokan and Earth east of the Dnieper - for Chernigov, Rostov land, Beloozero and the Volga region - for Pereyaslavl.

When Bogushevich lived in ChernigovHe served as an assistant to the office manager in the provincial administration, they with Peter almost daily spent even evenings in companies where the ladies happened and were then bachelor.

And so, forgetting that on the table he lies an unfinished business about the murder, Bogushevich thought not about him, but about Chernigov And about how to move there.

Volyni met the brothers and concluded the world: Vsevolod gave way to Izyaslav seniority and Kiev, and he himself remained in Chernigov.

This chronicler remark is very curious: Oleg lost Chernigov And Muroma as a result of the war, which cousins \u200b\u200bbegan against him, therefore, according to the concepts of contemporaries, the war was unfair: otherwise the chronicler would not reconcile Oleg, because then the excretion of the parish would be only worthy of punishment for his wrong.

Putivt, who had about the same defense system like Kozelsk, had a protected area of \u200b\u200bjust 1-3 hectares, Pizchzhzh - 6, Lyubek - 5-10, Novgorod-Seversky - from 20 to 40, Chernigov - More than 40 hectares.

At the same time, he threw at least two infantry divisions along the western shore of the gums on Chernigov.

You, Evpathy, go to Chernigov, bow there the earthly prince Mikhail and bring it to rail to us.

No big rivers, nor important roads, with the exception of a forgotten hat coming from Chernigov On Ovruch, Yelsk, Mozyr.

On the left-bank fortress were needed because there were fewer forest flames and the steppe came almost to the very Chernigov.

On the shaft, on the Yelets and Bolden Mountains and in other places. On the territory of the modern city found the remains of Slavic generic settlements of the VII-VIII centuries. The high shore of the gums cut into deep tama was the natural (created by nature) of strengthening, which makes it possible to simultaneously create several protected settlements in this area. The further growth of these settlements was led to VII century. To their merger and education of the city, which occupies a profitable geographical position in the widespread basin of the River Desna. Chernigov already in the IX century. It becomes the center of Seversk Land, one of the largest cities of ancient Russia. The rapid growth of the city was facilitated by a favorable geographical position in the gums of the gums and her tributaries of dreams and the seam. Under the gum, the city supported the connection with Kiev and then on Dnieper with Byzantium. Desna discovered the exit to the lands in the upper reaches of the Volga and Oka, as well as to Novgorod. According to the Volga-Donskoy, Chernigov route supported the connection with the Arab East. Crafts, agriculture and trade amounted to the basis of the economic activity of Chernigov.

Times of Kievan Rus (IX-XIII century)

Chernigov - an ancient settlement of the East Slavic tribe of the North. Oleg at the end of the IX century conquered the country of the North, who lived by the course of the gums, this cityObviously, there was already existed, because on the stone, which preserved in the oldest church of the city, there is a mark relating to the Greek chores, by the beginning of the X century. Becoming in the IX century. The center of Seversk land, already in the X century. Chernigov, along with other cities, is essential in the defense of the ancient Russian state from external enemies. In the XI-XIII centuries. Chernigov is a capital degrees of the Chernigovo-Severskiy Principality, which occupied huge spaces of the left bank of the Dnieper. Along with Kiev and Novgorod Chernigov - one of the centers of the Old Russian culture, the treasury of architecture of ancient Russia. Here and this is renowned outstanding architectural monuments of the XI-XIII centuries. Thus, during the X-XIII centuries. Chernigov was the second after Kiev, the economic, political and cultural center of Kievan Rus.

Since 1024, Chernihiv becomes the center of the Grand Duchy, whose western border was Dnipro, stretched to the southeast of his land to the North Caucasus, and in the northeast they reached the shores of Oki and Moscow rivers. Almost half of the Old Russian land was part of the Chernihiv principality.

Transfiguration Cathedral

The first Chernihiv prince, which is known not only from the excavations of the Kurgan, but also from the chronicles, was Mstislav, the brother of Kiev Prince Yaroslav Wise. In the center of his capital - "Decity" (the territory of the modern shaft), he founded the princely courtyard and began the construction of the Spassky Cathedral, which was preserved to the present day.

After the death of Mstislava, in 1036, Chernihiv again becomes subordinated to the Kiev prince Yaroslav. However, already in 1054, the ancient Russian land is divided between the sons of Yaroslav. The Chernihiv Principality got Svyatoslav II from which the continuous genus of Chernigov princes begins.

At the end of the XI, V.V. Ancient Russia again flashes princely intersubs. The history of Chernigov this period was marked by a number of bloody wars. The city has repeatedly switched from hand to hand. In 1078, Vladimir Monomakh took his assault, which was reigning here under 18. After the Lubash Congress of Princes in 1097, Chernihiv went to David Svyatoslavovich. From that moment on, Chernihiv Earth has forever emerged from under the authorities of the Kiev Prince.

During the period of feudal fragmentation of the XII and early XIII centuries. Chernihiv retained the glory of one of the largest cities of Russia. He remained the capital of the Grand Duchy, and Chernihiv princes were owners of many specific principalities.

Modern view of Pyatnia Church

Chernigov of that time - the second among the largest cities in Russia (yielding the championship of Kiev), an important political, economic and cultural center. It existed its own monetary system. Special development has reached architecture. To this day, the buildings of the time are preserved: Spassky, Borisoglebsky and Assumption Cathedrals; Ilyinskaya and Pyatnitsky Church. During the excavations in different parts of the city found foundations of a number of civil facilities, including the ruins of stone prince and boyars. For the ancient Chernigov, the contrast between the horrors of the rich and poor residents of simple people is characterized. The city was famous for objects of applied art.

In the XI-XII centuries. Chernigov developed from the three parts, each of which occupied the natural protrusion of the river bank, was charged with the shaft and separated one of the other deep Rops. Parts in the chronicles are indicated by names:

• "Keynets" (Kremlin) - the administrative and political center of the city, was on the mountain at the place of infliction of the right inflow of the strip in the gum (the territory of the modern tree reserve);
• "Okol Grad" - adjacent to the devints from the southwest, occupied a large territory on which the bulk of the population lived;
• "Pregonian" was located behind the neighboring hail. The overall length of the shaft of Pregonradi reached 7 km. The ancient city was surrounded by suburban villages and boyars manors.

In Chernigov, the chronicle was walked, Vladimir Monomakh, Igumen Daniel, Prince Svyatoslav Davydovich, lived and wrote. In the Chernihiv Earth was created (about 1187) an immortal poem, a monument of the ancient Russian literature "Word about the regiment of Igor".

The economic and cultural development of Chernigov occurred in close proximity to Kiev, Novgorod and other ancient Russian cities. Chernigov played an important role in the formation and development of the state and culture of ancient Russia. In the XI-XII centuries, the city was ruined several times during the princely interdiscructures, as well as Polovtsy.

Tatar-Mongolian Igo (1239-1320)

The development of the city for a long time was interrupted by the Nude Khan Batya. In October 1239, the Tatar Horde under the leadership of Khan Mongu attacked Chernigov. Under the walls of the city, a cruel battle unfolded, but the forces were unequal, and there was no help to wait. October 12, the surrounded city fell. The Resurrection Chronicle reports: "Most of howl ( sovr. "Warriors) His beaten was beaten and a hail that takes and fester fire." Excavations fully confirm the lithopasic notice of the tragedy. Chernigov was turned into the ruins, most of the inhabitants were either killed or grieved into slavery. The rest of the principality went north. Nevertheless, the Institute of Princely Power was saved. Later, the head (princes) of the city (Mikhail Vsevolodovich and his son Roman Mikhailovich old) were executed because of the refusal to perform the pagan rite, which they had to fulfill by order khan.

The time of domination of the Grand Duchy of Lithuanian

Chernigov in the second half of the XIV century was attached to the Lithuanian state. Lithuanians sought to turn Chernihiv in the outpost on the southeastern border of their possessions. In the period of the 70-80s. 14th century A wooden fortress was built to protect against Tatars raids. The city was managed by the governors of the Grand Duchy. Due to profitable geopolitical location, the city began to be gradually reborn. Chernihiv becomes a transit point not only for salt, resin and potash, but also for eastern goods: silk fabrics, carpets, rockers, fruits and spices.

As part of the Principality of Moscow (Muscovy)

War between Lithuania and Russia - GG. He fastened Chernigov for the Moscow principality. In the city of Chernihiv kids by the command of the great sovereign Vasyl Ivanovich ... The cans of the Chernihiv of Trees fled. Pretty powerful for those times the fortress was a castle-citadel.

After the abolition of serfdom from 1861, the population of Chernigov is gradually growing. The vast majority of wooden houses. The area of \u200b\u200bmandatory stone buildings was limited to the Red (bazaar) square. Central streets were lit by gas lanterns, and since 1895 electric lighting was introduced. Human transport was dominant. Basic loads drove down the gum. At the beginning of the 20th century on the Kiev-Petersburg highway, horse diligeans to Gomel and Kozelets are kicked.

As part of the USSR

Times of independent Ukraine

According to the last census in 2001, the population was 312.0 thousand people.

• The population as of January 1, 2006 - 299,600 inhabitants.

Notes

Literature

• Yatsura M. T. Chernigov. Reference Guide. Kyivska Oblast Knikovkovo-Gazette Vidavnitvnitvo, 1961 (Ukr.)

see also

Links

History of settlements of the Chernigov region
Avdeevka | Anisov | Baturin | Bakhmach | Bezuglovka | Bobrovitsa | Boron | Varva | Vedalitsa | Great challenge | Vertiyivka | Exhaust | City | Degtyari | Zhovtnevoy | Ichnya | Kozhelets | Korop | Koryukovka Kulikovka | Lubek | Small maiden | Mena | Monastyrshche | Nezhin | New Basan | Novgorod-Seversky | New Borovichi | Nasovka | Out | Panning | Sands | Pirowers | Priluki | Repka | Review | Semenovka | Sucking | Srib | Opt | Talalayevka | Trostyanets | Hills | Chervonian partisans | Chernigov | Shapovalovka | Shchers

Chernigov - the city in the north of Ukraine, the administrative center of the Chernihiv region, as well as the Chernihiv district (which is not included). The Northern Regional Center of Ukraine. The historic center of the Left Bank of Ukraine, one of the largest cities of the Old Russian state.

History Chernigov

Roofer period

Separate findings of the neolithic era from the surroundings of Chernigov testify that the first settlers appeared here in 4 thousand years BC. e., And the Yalovschina and Tatar Side of the Bronze Age, found in the broken, indicate the settlement of the territory of the city in 2 millennia BC. e.

In 1 millennium N. e. On the steep shores, the gums and the haircut existed several settlements of Northern: within the ancient central part of Chernigov on the shaft, on the Yelets and Bolden Mountains and in other places. The rapid growth of the city contributed to the favorable geographical position in the gums of the gums and its tributaries of dreams and the seam.

For the first time, the city is mentioned in the Tale of Bygone Years under 907, when Kiev Prince Oleg after a successful campaign to Byzantium, ordered the Greeks to pay tribute to the greatest cities of Russia. Chernigov in the contract was mentioned by the second after Kiev.

Chernigov Prince

In 1024, after the battle under deception, Chernihiv becomes the capital of Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, Brother Yaroslav Wise. In the second half of the XI century, during the reign of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, the growth of the city continued. At this time, Yeletsky (1060 year) and Ilinsky (1069) monasteries were founded, which became the spiritual centers of the Chernigovo-Seversk land. In the period of Rusi, the Chernihiv principality is fixed by the Olgovich dynasty (the founder of the dynasty was Oleg Svyatoslavich, the grandson of Yaroslav Wise), during which the ancient Chernihiv reached the greatest heyday: the total area of \u200b\u200bthe city - 450 hectares, the population is about 40 thousand inhabitants, which allows him to consider it One of the largest at the time in Europe.

Chernihiv possessions extended far east and south, to Murom (then to Kolomna) on the Oka and to Tmutarakani on the Black Sea.

Mongol-Tatar yoke; As part of Lithuania

The development of Chernigov was interrupted by the Mongol-Tatar invasion into Russian lands. In October 1239, the Tatar Horde under the leadership of Chingizid Mcae attacked Chernigov. For helping the city came the army headed by Mstislav Glebovich, under the walls of the city, a cruel battle unfolded, but the Mongols won. October 12, the surrounded city fell. The Resurrection Chronicle reports: "And the many of howl [warriors] is beatenly beaten by the scene and hail and fierce fire."

After Mongolian ruin, the value of the Chernihiv-Seversky lands center passed to Bryansk. The Bryansk Principality was captured in 1356 by the Lithuanian prince by Olgere.

According to the results of the Russian-Lithuanian war (1500-1503), as a result of the defeat of the Lithuanian troops in the battle, under the deposits and the conclusion of the Blagoveshchensky truce, Chernigov entered the Russian state.

Fight between Rus and Lithuania

• As part of the Russian state

For covering borders in the middle of the XVI century. Border Chernihiv was reinforced. The most fortified part of the city was located then on a speech to the gums of the sublime Cape (Shaft) and was a castle, acquired by deep miles and high-earthen shafts, on which there were high wooden towers and walls. Inside the fortifications were located temples, administrative and residential buildings, providers and powder warehouses.

However, life in Chernigov remained tense. The city had a chance to withstand the attacks of Lithuanian and Polish troops in 1506, 1515, 1534, 1563, 1579.

• Time of Troubles

In 1604, Chernigov was captured and looted by Lhadmitria I.

In the winter of 1611, Polish troops (the troops approach Samuel Grindy) almost completely burned the city and destroyed many inhabitants.

• As part of the Commonwealth

In 1618, in the Deulin Treaty, the city departed to the commitor speech, under the authority of which was to the Khmelnitsky uprising. In 1623, the Magdeburg law was provided to the diploma of the Polish king of Sigismund III Chernigov and the Chernihiv Magistrate was established. In 1623, the Chernigov establishes the Shankhetsky urban subcommist courts, equalized in the rights with Kiev, and the voivodeship is divided into two tets: Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversky. The coat of arms depicting a double-headed eagle on one crown is established. The Orthodox population that lived in the speech was subjected to national and religious grinding from Polyakov Catholics. Ancient Borisoglebsky and Assumptionsky turn into the churches (transferred control of the monks-Dominicans) Cathedrals. In 1648, a major uprising broke out under the leadership of Bogdan Khmelnitsky. In 1648, Chernihiv Regiment was created, which since 1649 he headed Martyn Nebab, who died in 1651.

• Rise of Khmelnitsky

As a result of the uprising of Khmelnitsky in the Zboro world of 1649, Chernihiv became part of the Troops of Zaporizhia, according to the Pereyaslav Treaty in 1654 - together with all the lands, the troops of Zaporizhia entered the Russian state.

In memory of this struggle and the subsequent reunification of the Orthodox population, the monument to Bogdan Mikhailovich Khmelnitsky (Sculptors I. P. Kavaleridze, G. L. Petrashevich, Architect A. A. Karnabed, 1956) in the central part of the city in the Square, wearing his name.

The city is built by the Trinity Cathedral, consecrated in 1695. Lammott and Deriver engineers make up drawings for the new fortress and guide the correction of damaged fortifications. Chernihiv collegium is being built. In the old town in the XVIII century, there were four gates - castle, Kiev (Liecomy), rooted (Loev) and water and three streets - Castle, Kiev and Water. The new city has four large streets. From urban buildings in the "General Review" two wooden huts, a stone magistrate, a regional house, a shop, engineering team, an artillery courtyard, parish school, regimental office and temples are mentioned. Most buildings were wooden. At this time there were about 4 thousand inhabitants in the city. Three times a year in Chernigov fairs were arranged.

Near the city was a pier. Here not only took and sent on the road of the court, but also built new ones.

North War

Chernihiv Cossacks took part in the Poltava battle on the side of the troops of Peter I. After the victory of Peter I, Chernigov Fortoation visited the Northern capital. Additional instruments were installed on his instructions. According to another version, Petr I did not want to drag outdated tools to St. Petersburg. In 1899, the guns remaining in the city were installed on the flaws delivered from Kiev and placed on the edge of the shaft, where they still stand.

From governor to province

Until the early 1980s, the XVIII century Chernihiv remained the center of the regiment (as an administrative and territorial unit). After the elimination of regimental division in Ukraine, in 1781 it becomes the center of Chernihiv priest, whose first ruler became General Miloradovich. In the same year, the privileged Little Russian estates of the highest granted the rights of the Russian nobility. Two years before the end of the XVIII century, the Chernihiv fortress was abolished as unnecessary, the strengthening was eliminated.

According to those years, the provincial Chernigov consisted of 705 houses of citizens, 4 brick factories, 4 monasteries, 12 churches, 2 breeds and other self-treated and trade structures. In 1786, by decree of Empress Ekaterina II in Chernigov, three monasters of four - Borisoglebsky, Trinity-Ilinsky, Pyatnitsky were closed. Their buildings and territories are transferred to secular organizations.

Since 1801, Chernigov became the provincial city of the Chernihiv province formed then.

Patriotic War of 1812

Napoleon's invasion to Russia in 1812 (through Poland, the territory of modern Belarus and the Smolensk road to Moscow) did not lead to Chernigov's occupation. Nevertheless, many residents of Chernigov replenished the ranks of Cossack regiments and militia. The Chernihiv Dragun Regiment became famous for November 4 (old style) 1805 in the Battle of the village of Shengrabien in Austria. For this fight, the Chernigov was the first of the cavalry parts by the Georgievsky Standard, complained by Emperor Alexander I "for a feat under Shenagraben on November 4, 1805," with the Georgievskiy, and the inscription "five against thirty", which became the motto of the regiment for many years. Subsequently, the regiment took part in the Borodino battle. And in 1813 he was awarded seven silver pipes for Katbach.

XIX - early XX century

After the cancellation of serfdom (1861), there was a gradual increase in population: in 1897, the number of 27,716 people was, in 1913 - already 35,850 people.

The overwhelming majority of houses in Chernigov were wooden, the area of \u200b\u200bmandatory stone buildings was limited to neighborhoods around a red (or marketable) area, with trading rows built at the beginning of the XIX century. Streets, mainly central, lit by gas lanterns and only in 1895 electric lighting was introduced.

Two hospitals worked: "Zemskaya Gubernskaya" and "Mercy sisters" communities. At the beginning of the 20th century, the first private preschool institutions appeared: two yello and kindergarten. In Chernihiv, there were 15 hotels, 9 restaurants and 3 buffets, postal and telephone service, as well as a telephone station, which in 1912 served 138 subscribers.

From the end of the XIX century, the branches of banks began to function in the city. In 1875, the city civil bank was founded. West residents of Chernigov used the services of Lombard, three savings cash registers and a mutual loan society. The fairs were collected four times a year, and three times a week bazaar: on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The number of commercial institutions increased quickly: if in 1900 there were 428 stores and shops in the city, then in 1910 they are already 734.

The development of the economy contributed to the growth of vocational education. At the beginning of the 20th century, 3 craft schools were operating in Chernigov, 2 trading schools, the Feldsher School, as well as the spiritual school and the spiritual seminary. In 1916, a pedagogical (teacher) institute, which gave incomplete higher pedagogical education was founded. In the autumn of 1917, a set of students in the first mixed gymnasium with training in Ukrainian was announced. According to the first total census of the population of 1897, about 53% of Chernigov residents were able to read and write. On the eve of the First World War, the total number of students in Chernigov was 6.2 thousand people.

On the verge of the XIX and XX centuries, Writers lived in Chernigov: Mikhail Kotsyubinsky (buried in Chernigov), B. Grinka, V. Samielenko, M. Voronny, M. Chernyavsky, artist I. Rashevsky, historian V. Modzalevsky, etc.

Manpiece still remained the only means of movement through the streets of the city. At the beginning of the XX century. Thanks to the Kiev-Petersburg highway, between Chernigov and Gomel, Chernihiv and Kozhelot constantly kiced equestrian diligences.

February Revolution

After the February Revolution of 1917, detachments of free Cossacks were created in Chernigov, and the authorities went into the hands of Central Rada. Under the Ukrainian authorities, Ukrainization began (Publisher "Sieveravskaya thought", the diary of the provincial zone "Chernigovshchina", organ of the provincial council of the peasant deputies "People's Word", Ukrainian schools, etc.).

The first years of Soviet power. Civil War

Additional Information: Foreign Military Intervention in Russia

On February 1, 1918, the Soviet government was proclaimed in the city, however, on March 12, 1918, the Austro-German troops seized Chernigov and the city returned to the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic. In May 1918, the underground provincial committee of the Bolshevik Party and Governorate was created in Chernigov, the underground newspaper "Worker and Peasant" began to be produced. On December 14, 1918, the armed uprising of the inhabitants of Chernigov, which was brutally suppressed. Soon the Petliurian directory came to replace the Hetmans. On January 10, 1919, the Bogun Regiment under the command of N. A. Shchorsov took the position of the northeast of the city, and the Tarashchensky Regiment under the command of V. N. Bozhenko - from the southeast. On January 12, 1919, the city was taken by Bolsheviks. The nationalization of industrial enterprises began, evening schools for adults opened at five points of the city. On February 11, the first performance of the Union of Professional Artists was raised in the hall of the noble assembly. The newspaper "Banner Soviets" began to publish.

In the summer of 1919, Denikin detachments were entered into the territory of Ukraine. On August 30, Denikintsy captured Kiev. On September 10, the part of the Red Army began a counterattack from Chernigov to Kiev - the king socorians were busy. But having received a reinforcement, Denikintsy again moved to the offensive in Chernihiv - October 12, Chernigov was captured. On November 7, 1919, Chernigov took part of the Red Army and installed Soviet power in the city.

Construction of the first five years

From the trade and craft city of Chernigov turned into an industrial center. The growth of the city's industry was accompanied by intensive growth in the population: in 1913 - 32 thousand, and in 1939 - already 69 thousand.

In 1921, the work was launched a cast-power, clinker, brewery and acetic plants. On November 7, 1922, the opening of the Oktyabrsian Hammer plant took place. In 1925, there were 11 state enterprises in the city. In 1924, work began to ensure water provisions. A plan for the development of the city for 30 years was developed. This plan provided for the construction of administrative and residential buildings in the central part of Chernigov, as well as the arrangement of large arrays of green plantings. Industrial enterprises are outlined outside the residential building.

In 1927-1929, a new power station is designed. In 1928, the unification of Chernihiv brick plants "Brick" was created and the construction of the Chernigov-Gomel railway was completed. Two years later, the Chernigov-Ovruch railway line was commissioned, and in early 1931, one of the largest railway units in Northern Ukraine had already operated in the city. A year later, ship repair workshops began. At this time, the number of enterprises reached 32, and the number of operating on them exceeded 1000.

In 1925-1932, Chernigov was the center of Chernihiv district. In 1932, the Chernihiv region was formed. According to the 1926 census, Chernigov had 35,200 residents, including 57% of Ukrainians, 20% of Russian and 10% of the Jews.

Chernigov retains its importance of the cultural center in the 1920s - early 1930s. Here they act: the historical museum (the former Museum of Tarnowan, significantly enriched), the archive of a scientific society, the Institute of Folk Education (since 1920). The activities of these institutions were tightly connected with the Woán, in particular with its historical section and the Archaeological Committee, with central historical archives in Kiev and Kharkov, the Institute of Ukrainian Culture. D. Bahalia (Kharkov) and others. In 1926, the theater was opened. Shevchenko. With Chernigov, the names of writers Pavel Tychin, Ivan Kochergi, Vasily Elana-Blaznotny, historians P. Savitsky, E. Onatsky, V. Dubrovsky, V. Shugaevsky, art historian O. Gukala, etc.

In 1934, the Museum of M. M. Kotsyubinsky and regional philharmonic opened. In 1936, a stadium was built. In 1937, the library was founded for children. In 1939, the cinema was erected. N. Shchers.

During the years of the first five-year plan, thanks to the growth of the industry, Chernigov's population increased, and in 1934 68.6 thousand people lived in Chernigov, 57 industrial enterprises operated, 109 retailers and 34 catering enterprises worked. The medical care system consisted of a city hospital, 6 polyclinic, 2 special dispensaries, psychiatric and physiotherapy hospitals, 13 medpopases and 5 X-ray cabinets. There have been 14 secondary and incomplete secondary secondary schools, 2 universities and 4 technical schools, as well as 8 evening schools for adults.

The Great Patriotic War

Fights for Chernigov

After heavy battles of July and August, in which Soviet troops could not stop the coming troops of the enemy, the forces of the German group of Army "South" went to the Dnieper all over the course of Kherson to Kiev. The Army Center "Center", coming to the north of the Sybent swamps, advanced to Smolensk.

On August 20, the advanced parts of the 1st Tank Army crossed the Dnieper at Zaporizhia. After stubborn battles, a pontoon crossing was also captured in Dnepropetrovsk. At the same time, the 17th Army of the Wehrmacht managed to force the Dnieper in Kremenchug and create a bridgehead on the left bank of the river to Cherkassy. The 6th Army came to Kiev.

Thus, they were under the threat of the environment of the strength of the Soviet South-Western Front, located in the Empty of the Dnieper. Five Soviet armies (from north south) were concentrated here: 21st (V. I. Kuznetsov), 5th (M. I. Potapov), 37th (A. A. Vlasov), 26th ( F. Ya. Kostenko), 38th (D. I. Ryabyshev).

On August 24, the German 2nd tank group began an offensive against the troops of the front in the direction of Konotop. A few days later from the Kremenchug area, she began to meet the battle of the 1st tank group of Clayst, while simultaneously applying an additional blow to Poltava, but soon all the forces unfolded to the northeast. To the outcome of August, part of Guderian managed to capture two bridgeheads on the river. Desna - in Korop and Novgorod-Seversky, threatening to go out into the deep rear of the troops of the south-western front. In the first days of September, fierce battles unfolded here.

The battles for Chernihiv began on August 28, 1941, when the 2nd German army von Wehs began an offensive from the Gomel area to the defendant city of part of the 5th Army of the South-Western Front M. I. Potapova and, at the same time, clamping into vice between his units and units The 2nd Guderian tank group, which fell east towards Konotop, 21st Army of the Bryansky Front. At the same time, German aviation expressed Chernihiv massive bombardments. All industrial enterprises, cultural and educational and medical facilities, many architectural and historical monuments, over 70% of the residential foundation were destroyed.

On the night of September 9, 1941, the Nazis captured Chernigov. A two-year occupation began, accompanied by mass executions and sending peaceful citizens to forced work in Germany.

During the war, Chernigovshchina became the edge of a nationwide partisan struggle - in the region, partisan associations were created and actively operated under the guidance of the secretary of the party A. F. Fyodorov, N. N. Popudrenko, N. M. Taranchenko, Yuri Zbanatsky and others. Over 12 thousand partisans caused vast damage to the enemy.

Liberation Chernigov

The fights for the liberation of Chernigov began in mid-September 1943 and were carried out by the 13th Army of the Central Front under the command of Lieutenant General N. P. Pukhov. The front offensive operation of the Soviet troops of the central front In the Great Patriotic War was carried out as an integral part of the Chernihiv-Poltava strategic operation - the first stage of the battle for the Dnieper.

On September 8, the 76th Guards Rifle Division made an eagle area under Chernihiv. For three days of continuous offensive, she has advanced 70 kilometers and at dawn September 20 came to the village of Tovstoles, in three kilometers northeast of Chernigov, and then, on September 21, 1943, mastering the city and after three-day stubborn battles, continued to be the offensive. The order of the Supreme Commander of September 21, 1943 No. 20 of the Division was made thanks and assigned to the honorary name Chernihiv.

During the operation, the opposition troops of the Wehrmacht were defeated, Dnipro was forced, a significant assistance was provided to the troops of the Voronezh Front and the Steppe Front.

Post-war years

The war turned Chernigov into solid ruins. 50 were completely destroyed and 57 industrial structures were severely destroyed, railway economy, power station, radio jelly, telephone connection were destroyed. As a result of hostilities, the city lost 70% of the residential foundation. All this it was necessary to restore. A call to raise the Chernigov ruins found a hot response and support among the population - the regional center began to rejuvenate almost again. Already at the end of 1943, classes began in schools, and in 1944 - in the teacher's institute. In 1946, the exhibits of the M. M. Kotsjubinsky museum were returned to Chernigov. In 1948, the population of the city served 91 doctor and 279 employees from among the middle medical personnel. 1949 - the factory of musical instruments again earned again. In 1950, the railway bridge was built through the gum, and in 1951 the railway station was opened. In 1956, Chernigov began to receive natural gas and in 1957 the construction of a plant for the production of chemical fibers began.

After the Second World War, Chernigov rebuilt on the master (1945, 1958 and 1968) and reconstructed. The city center is completely rebuilt in 1950-1955 (Architects P. Collave, I. Yagodova): There were new streets, new quarters were built, new boulevards, squares and parks were conceded. The main highways of the city are built up with 3-5-storey houses. Builders widely use typical projects from the precast concrete. By 1960, 300 thousand square meters of housing were built.

From the ash and ruins raised by the workshop of industrial enterprises of the city, new enterprises have been created, the railway station is recreated, bridges across the gum river, the river port. The Chernigov industry reached a pre-war level in the early 1950s.

Leading industry industries: chemical, food, lightweight, building materials, woodworking. Enterprises: Chernihiv Musical Instrument Factory (since 1934), Factories of primary processing of wool, sewing, shoe; Food Industry Enterprises: Meat Processing Plant, Factory - Milk, Brewer, Confectionery, Pasta, Vegetable store; Plants - reinforced concrete products, concrete, repair and mechanical, woodworking and vegetable drying.

1950-1980s

An important event in the cultural life of the city was the discovery of the new building of the theater in 1959. T. G. Shevchenko (Architects S. D. Fridlin and S. P. Tutuchenko).

In December 1959, the Chernihiv plant of synthetic fiber began the work (Chernigovimvolokno). In September 1960, he produced the first set of students of the Chernihiv branch of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute (now Chernihiv National Technological University). In 1961, the first turbine of the new Chernihiv CHP was commissioned. In 1970, he opened his doors a new Palace of Pioneers (now the Palace of Schoolchildren). In 1975, Friendship shopping center was opened, in 1976 - a puppet theater.

The industrial growth of the city led to the fact that by 1979 the number of people increased to 240 thousand.

In 1980, a new plan for the reconstruction of Chernigov was developed. In the course of its implementation, the hotel-restaurant complex "Gradecksky" (1981), the cinema "Victory" (1984), began construction of secondary school No. 12 and the Publishing complex "Desna".

The population of Chernigov grew quickly: 1959 - 90 thousand (Ukrainians accounted for 69%, Russians - 20%, Jews - 8%, Poles - 1%), 1970-159 thousand, 1980-245 thousand. By 1982, the population reached 257 thousand people.

In 1986, there was the most terrible tragedy, which was happening to survive Chernigov for the entire post-war period - an accident at the Chernobyl NPP. Many residents of Chernigov, taking part in liquidation, gave their lives and health. To commemorate the decade of this common tragedy, a bronze monument is installed on the hero alley.

Religion

From the ancient churches of Chernigov, the Assumption Cathedral of the Yelets Monastery and the Savior-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, built in the XI century, as well as the Borisoglebsky Cathedral (XII century), in which the Catholic Dominican Monastery was accommodated in the 18th century.

In the Holy Trinity Cathedral of the Troitsko-Ilinsky monastery, the relics of St. Feodosia Chernigovsky (mind 1696), canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1896, as well as St. Lawrence (1868-1950), canonized by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in 1993 and the Archbishop of Philaret (Gumilevsky ), the canonization of which the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was produced in November 2009.

In addition to the religious associations of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate in Chernihiv, communities of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kiev Patriarchate, as well as the parishes of the Ukrainian autochetal Orthodox Church are registered. The city has a temple of the Roman Catholic Church. Protestant communities: Baptists, Charismans, Pentecostal, Church of Seventh Day Adventist. A collection of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jewish synagogue. The Buddhist School Center Karma Kagyu is also registered.

Culture and art

Museums

• Historical and literary and memoir museum. M. Kotsyubinsky (ul. Kotsjubinsky, 3)
• Chernihiv Regional Historical Museum. V. Tarnowsky (st. Gorky, 4)
• Chernihiv Art Museum (Ul. Gorky, 6)
• Chernihiv State Architectural and Historical Reserve Chernigov Ancient (Ul. Preobrazhenskaya, 1)
• Branch of the Nature Reserve "Sofia Museum" (prospect of the world, 15)

sights

Architecture

The main architectural attractions of the city are 5 medieval temples erected in the XI-XIII centuries. Also, the city is notable for a large number of monuments of the hetmanship period in the style of Cossack Baroque. Most of these buildings form architectural complexes on the shaft, which from the time of the founding of Chernigov and before the beginning of the 20th century was the political center of the city, and on the territory of the Yezky and Troitsko-Ilinsky monasteries based in the XI century.

Chernihiv Keynets (shaft) is the historic part of the city, in which the Princely Castle was originally located, and later the Chernihiv fortress. From the princely times on the shaft, 2 medieval temple has been preserved. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the XI century is one of the oldest stone temples of Russia, laid by the prince of Mstislav brave. Nearby is the Borisoglebsky Cathedral of the XII century. Complement to the architectural ensemble of the shaft monuments in the style of Ukrainian Baroque. Among them, the building of the Chernihiv Collegum is the first higher educational institution in the territory of the left bank of Ukraine. Separate fragments of this building existed in the XVI-XVII centuries, and the main part was created during the hetmanship of Ivan Mazepa. The house of the regimental office (XVII century) is one of the few preserved examples of the civilian stone architecture of Hetmans. The Catherine Church is located nearby, built in 1715 in honor of the Chernigov Regiment's Cossacks who took part in the capture of Azov of 1696. At the site of the former shafts of the Chernihiv fortress, 12 guns of the XVII - early XIX centuries were installed. There are also 3 building in the style of classicism - home Archbishop (1780), Governor (1804) and Chernihiv Women's Gymnasium (1899).

On the site of the former trading area there is a Pyatnitsky Church, built at the turn of the XII-XIII centuries. Next to it is the Red Square, the modern appearance of which was finally formed after the Great Patriotic War. The architecture of the Square includes the buildings built in the period when Chernigov was the center of the province - the city magistrate, the provincial Zemstvo, police department and the State Bank, as well as structures built in Soviet times, among which the cinema of the Schoras name, Hotel "Desna" and Music and dramatic theater named after T. Shevchenko.

The west of the XI century, founded in the 60s of the XI century, which is located in the 60s of the XI century. The main temple of the monastery is the Assumption Cathedral, built in the XII century. On the territory of the monastery are also located Celi (XVI-XVII century), Petropavlovsk Church (XVII century), Garpentic Bell Tower (1675), Church of the Colonel of Jacob Lizoguba Colonel (1689), Ruins of Houman's houses (XVIII century). In addition, the house of Feodosia Uglitsky (1688) has been preserved - the oldest monument of wooden residential architecture on the left bank of Ukraine.

On the Bolden Mountains (Ukr.) Russian. There is a Troitsko-Ilinsky monastery, founded by Anthony Pechersky in 1069. From these times, the complex of Anthony Caves is preserved - the underground monastery, the development of which continued from the XI century to the XVIII century. At the entrance to the cave is the Ilinskaya Church of the XII century. In the second half of the XVII century, the monastery was significantly expanded. The Trinity Cathedral was built - the main construction of the monastery, and the introduction of the refectory church (Ukr.) Russian, which is the only preserved two-populated temple on the left-bank Ukraine. The 58-meter bell tower erected in 1775 is the architectural dominant of the Bolden Mountains and the entire Chernigov.

The city has preserved the buildings of the XIX - early XX centuries, some of them are architectural monuments. In 1912, the modern prospect of the world) in 1912, the house of the Nikolaev Diocesan Brotherhood was built, in which the regional philharmonic is now. The building was created in the unaware style with its part 2 of the chapel of Alexander Nevsky (1870). The city there are 3 facilities built in a neo-neo-style - created in the form of a knightly castle Manor Gregory Glebova, the house of Vasily Tarnowsky and the house of fire society. Ukrainian Modern influenced the buildings of the People's School (1912) and the noble and peasant margin of the bank (1913).

XI-XIII century

• Savior Transfiguration Cathedral (XI century)
• Borisoglebsky Cathedral (XII century)
• Ilinskaya Church (XII century)
• Assumption Cathedral (Chernigov) (XII century)
• Yeletsky Assumption Monastery (XI century)
• Pyatnitsky (St. Paraskeva) Church (End XII - early XIII century)
• Antoniyev Caves (XI-XIX century)
• Kurgan black grave (x in.)
• Mounds Unnamed and Gulbish

XVII-XXI century

• Catherine Church (XVIII century)
• Collegium (1702)
• Rafting Office - Lizogub House (end of the XVII century)
• Trinity Cathedral of the Troitsko-Ilinsky Monastery (1679-1689)
• Theater House (1958, Architects S. Fridlin, S. Tutuchenko and others)
• Light music fountain

Opened on August 24, 2008. A special computer program regulates water jets, music and light that accompany them. The fountain was created on the charitable contributions of sponsors - enterprises and entrepreneurs. The fountain bowl has a diameter of 12 m. It is built from Labradorite stone, which is mined in the Korosten of the Zhytomyr region. The highest water jet reaches 10 m. The light-music fountain is programmed to more than 30 melodies. Works on schedule. (as of 11/10/2011).

Chernigov in numbers and facts

• The city is located on one latitude with London, Saratov, Stonehenge.
• On one longitude with the Gomel, the capital of the Kingdom of Swaziland - Mbabane, the famous pyramids of Giza in Egypt and the geometric center of Ukraine - pos. Volunteering.
• 1st place in the rating of the most environmentally friendly cities of Ukraine
• City Day - September 21
• The 76th Guards Chernihiv Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree Tent-Assault Division (76gV.WDD) is the oldest of the current existing airborne compounds. On September 8, 1943, the Division made an eagle area under Chernihiv. For three days a continuous offensive, she has advanced 70 kilometers and at dawn September 20 came to the village of Tovstoles, in three kilometers northeast of Chernigov, and then, mastering the city, continued on the West offensive. The honorary name "Chernigov" is awarded the division by order of the Supreme Commander of September 21, 1943 No. 20.

Today, Chernigov is the regional center, bordering Russia and Belarus. The city is located in the northern part of Ukraine on the right (high) shore of the gums, at the scene of the river river. The first mention of Chernigov refers to 907, so Chernigov is one of the most ancient cities of modern Ukraine.

There are many finds of the era of the Neolithic found on the territory of Chernigov, and testify that the first people appeared in these places at least in 4 millennia BC. In addition, traces of ancient settlements of the bronze era (2 millennia BC) were found in the Yalovschina and Tatar slide.

In 1 millennium N. e. On the steep shores of the gums of the gums and the haircut there were several settlements of Northerners: within the ancient central part of Chernigov on the shaft, on the Yelets and Bolden Mountains and other places. The rapid economic growth of Chernigov contributed to the favorable geographical location in the River River basin and its tributaries of the River Dreams and Seimas.

Archaeologists have at least four ancient settlements on the territory of modern Chernigov, which probably were small generic fortresses separated by one from the other deep ravines of the Bolden Mountains. Archaeological materials of these settlements refer to the VII century, in connection with which 1992 celebrated the 1300th anniversary of the city.

Not only the chronicles of the Chernigov are indicated about the power of the ancient Chernigov, but also numerous mounds of the IX-X centuries - earthy mausoleums of Chernihiv princes and their warriors. Thousands of Kursanov since ancient city were limited by an ancient city. At the end of the XIX century, there were about 500 in Chernigov and on his outskirts on its outskirts. But after the intense and barbarous, their looting today remained only separate mounds in the Bolden Mountains, in the modern area of \u200b\u200b"5 corners", on Bobrovice, in Felovshchina and others parts of the city.