A safe course of pregnancy largely depends on the hormonal background of a woman. One of the most important hormones that affects not only the growth and development of the baby, but also providing the necessary changes in the body of the future mother is a hormone estrogen. How big is the role of estrogen for successful pregnancy, read in our article.

Estrogen: The role of hormone for the body

Estrogens - female sex hormones, are represented by three main types:

• Estron (E1).
• Estradiol (E2).
• Estor (E3).

Estrogens are called female beauty hormones. They turn the girl into a woman. Normal estrogenic background in the body makes the "weak floor" with the owners of a slender waist, rounded hips, velvety skin, beautiful hair, gentle voice, and the object of sexual attractiveness in the eyes of men.

Before pregnancy, the synthesis of these hormones is carried out in the ovaries of women, adrenal glands and in adverse tissue of the abdomen, and after conception, the main source of estrogen becomes a yellow body, and then the placenta of the growing fetus.

The most active estrogen variety is estradiol. It is this fraction of hormones that is responsible for the growth of female genital organs (uterus, ovaries) and the development of the mammary glands.

In the adolescent period, estradiol contributes to the development of secondary sexual signs and the formation of the figure of the girl in the female type. In an adult woman, a hormone is needed for a normal menstrual cycle, the ripening of the egg and the preparation of the body for future pregnancy.

Estradiol is the most important and active hormone in an adult woman outside pregnancy.

The weakest estrogen is an estrilla, it matters only during pregnancy. During this period, it is synthesized in very large quantities (1000 times more than conception) and is an important indicator of a successfully developing fetus. Revealed in blood plasma and urine.

Estron is a relatively weak estrogen, its activity is 10 times less than estradiol. Its main source - adipose tissue, where it is formed from men's androgens hormones. The concentration of estron is raised during the period of menopause when the female organism does not need active estrogens.

Pregnancy to create comfortable conditions for developing fetus, "forces" the body to synthesize estrogens in large quantities. Their high concentration is noted in the last weeks of gestation.

It turns out that during pregnancy, such a number of estrogen is produced, which in the body of a non-empty woman is synthesized only in 150 years!

So what is required by such a large number of estrogen during pregnancy?

A sufficient content of estrogen in the body of a pregnant woman contributes to:

• growth of the uterus;
• improving blood flow in the uterus and placenta, ensuring the flow of nutrients to growing fruit;
• the development of the pulmonary and bone tissue of the child, as well as his liver and kidneys;
• preparation of a woman's body to lactation;
• prevention of postpartum bleeding;
• relaxing the bonded apparatus of the pelvis bones and softening the cervix, which facilitates the passage of the baby in the generic canal.

It should be added that the shine in the eyes of the future mother and the special femininity of a pregnant woman, also the merit of estrogen, as well as the appearance of pigment spots on the skin and swells.

Hormone standards before pregnancy

The level of estradiol in the blood varies during the menstrual cycle. The normal cycle of a woman is 28-30 days and is divided into 2 phases. The phase I starts from the 1st day of menstruation and ends with ovulation, which takes place on the 14th day. The phase II follows ovulation and continues until the next menstrual bleeding.

Concentration of hormones in the blood of a woman

Outside pregnancy in the level of estradiol, the doctor assesses the work of the ovaries. Analysis on the definition of a hormone is prescribed most often in disabilities of the menstrual cycle or infertility.

Estrogen rates for pregnancy

The table shows the average data. Indicators of hormone content in different laboratories may differ from the above limits.

If pregnancy proceeds safely, the level of estriol in the blood increases from each week of pregnancy. A significant increase in the concentration of hormone begins with the II trimester of pregnancy and continues to increase up to the birth.

When is the level of estrogen comes back after childbirth?

After the birth of the baby, the body no longer needs such a large concentration of estrogen, as during the tooling of pregnancy. During this period, the activity of another hormone is increasing, prolactin, the action of which is directed to lactation. And the content of estrogen in 3-4 days after giving birth decreases and returns to the norm during the week.

What denotes the change in the level of hormone estrogen during pregnancy

Enhance the synthesis of estorol

Estivity is an indicator of normal well-being of the fetus and the proper functioning of the placenta. This is the key to successful pregnancy.

The reasons of excessive increase in estorol synthesis can be:

• twins, triple;
• the weight of the fetus is more than 4 kg;
• rhow-conflict pregnancy;
• pathological weight gain (fat fabric is a source of estrogen).

The detection of the estriol above the average indicators at the above states should not be alarming at the future mother.

Reducing the synthesis of estorol

The low concentration of estriol or its absence indicates the "bad" work of the placenta and is a sign of the unfaithful fetus.

What leads to a very low level of estriol?

1. Down syndrome.
2. Fetal developmental defects.
3. Intrauterine infection.
4. Receiving corticosteroids by the future mother.
5. The death of the fetus (while the synthesis of the hormone decreases sharply, more than 50%).

Causes of insufficient increase in levels of estriol:

1. Pathology of kidney in pregnant woman.
2. Anemia.
3. Poor or insufficient nutrition.
4. Hypertensive disease or diabetes mellitus.
5. Preeclampsia and eclampsia.
6. Fetal growth delay syndrome.
7. Oxygen starvation of the fetus.

What to do?

Increasing the number of estriots during pregnancy and his peak before childbirth is a physiological state. This is an indication that the fruit is healthy, grows and develops! The high level of estriol does not require correction.

The female organism is controlled by estrogens hormones. Without them, a woman can not be feminine, get pregnant, to safely take the baby. Even if before conception, there was no problems with the estrogen saturation of the body, it must be followed by a hormonal background during pregnancy and test blood or urine to identify the level of estriol - a very important fetal well-being indicator. For the reliability of the result, it is not necessary to be limited to a single diagnosis, and repeat the analysis of 2-3 times. So a pregnant woman can be sure that the concentration of estriot is naturally rising and its baby does not threaten anything.

Hormones are produced by numerous glands of internal secretion. In the human body of only well-known hormone science, more than a hundred, but their number is measured in micrograms (10-6) and nanograms (10-9). The role of hormones is colossal: any minimum change in their level leads to a change in the work of millions of cell cells.

It is due to hormones that we are capable of reproduction, preservation of pregnancy, intrauterine development. During pregnancy, some of some important hormone for the fetus changes slightly (thyroxine, cortisol), the level of others increases several times (prozterone, prolactin). In addition, there are hormones that in a healthy person appear in the body only for pregnancy (chorionic gonadotropin, placental lactogen). Changing the ratio of hormones during pregnancy launches the generation process and provides them with a normal flow, and then recovery during the postpartum period.

Hormones during pregnancy: everything starts with chorionic gonadotropin

The moment that launches hormonal changes in the body is the introduction of a fetal egg into the wall of the uterus (implantation). During implantation, the cells of the fetal egg form the veins, which are connected to the blood vessels of the uterus, together forming a special organ - chorion. Chorion and produces the first pregnancy hormone, which is also called "human chorionic gonadotropin" (HCG). HCG in the body of a healthy person is formed only during pregnancy, because only in this case Chorion is developing. This made it possible to use the definition of this hormone for diagnosing conception. The simplest pharmacy test for pregnancy is based on the definition of HCG, standing out with urine. The HCG level directly depends on the development of chorion, which means that the term of pregnancy: it increases twice every two days, reaching his peak for 8-10 weeks. At the same time, its level differs from the initial zero 100 thousand times! After it begins to gradually decline, remaining almost at the same level in the second half of pregnancy. In terms of the growth rate of hCG in the blood in the first trimester, it is possible to judge whether pregnancy and fruit are developing normally.

The appearance of this hormone in the blood is the signal of the body that the pregnancy has come and requires the restructuring of the entire metabolism. HCG provides support for the vital activity of the yellow body in the ovary, blocking the offensive of the next menstruation. In a non-heated woman, the yellow body fills in 2 weeks, and in the presence of HCG continues to exist 3-4 first months of pregnancy. With blood flow, hCG falls into the chief regulatory center of the body - pituitary. And the pituitary, having received such a signal, rebuilds the entire hormonal activity of the body. Also on the level of hCG in the blood reacts and adrenal glands, changing the synthesis of their hormones. In addition, the level of hCG is important for the development of Chorion himself and its transformation into a placenta. In itself, the presence of HCG in the body does not feel a woman in any way, but it is this hormone that stimulates the production of female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone), which cause changes in well-being.

Hormones during pregnancy: estrogens prepare mom to lactation

Estrogens are a group of hormones, the main of which are estrone, estradiol and estriol producing mainly in the ovaries. In the first 4 months of pregnancy, the main source of estrogen is a yellow body (a temporary body that each menstrual cycle is formed in the ovary after ovulation on the spot of the highlighted follicle), and then formed the placenta. During pregnancy, the level of estrogen in the blood of a woman rises 30 times. Estrogen during pregnancy affect many important points in the development of the fetus, for example, on the rate of cellular division in the early timing of the formation of the embryo. Under their influence, the mammary glands increase, the milky ducts are developing and growing, preparing for lactation. Women's breast swells and becomes more sensitive. Estrogen has an effect during pregnancy and for general well-being: they can become "culprits" the appearance of headaches, dizziness and insomnia. It is believed that estrogens attach special femininity to the future mother during pregnancy, it seems to bloom. However, they may be the cause of excessive pigmentation of the skin or hair loss.

Estrogens contribute to an increase in the size of the uterus, and also participate in the preparation of the body to childbirth: increase the sensitivity of the muscles of the uterus to oxytocin (hormone of pituitary, causing contractions), soften the connecting tissue of the cervix, contributing to its disclosure.

Determining the level of estriol in blood in pregnant women allows you to identify violations in the development of pregnancy. Thus, the decrease in this hormone is observed at some defects of fetal development, intrauterine infection and placental insufficiency.

Hormones during pregnancy: progesterone protects the fruit

Progesterone is a hormone that preserves pregnancy. Its main source in the early period of pregnancy is the yellow body, and when after 12 weeks it disappears, its function takes on a placenta. During pregnancy, the level of progesterone gradually increases, its maximum level can exceed the source 20 times.

In the second phase of the menstrual cycle, progesterone provides endometrial development in such a way that it is able to take a fertilized egg at the occurrence of pregnancy. During the implantation of the fetal egg, it contributes to reliable fastening it in endometrial and full fetal nutrition. Progesterone during pregnancy prevents the onset of the next ovulation, blocks the immune response of the body of the mother's mother on the fetus, as an alien object, activates the responsible for the production of milk the zone of the mammary glands. Under the influence of progesterone, the mucus in the cervix becomes thick, forming the so-called mucosa cork, protecting the contents of the uterus from the outside world.

As the term increases, progesterone during pregnancy helps to stretch and relax the muscles of the uterus, preventing premature interruption of pregnancy. But here it is not elected: relaxes any smooth muscles. And if in the case of the uterus, it is good, then its influence on other muscular organs leads to various malaise. So, he relaxes muscular in between the stomach and the esophagus, which is why pregnant women often suffer nausea and heartburn. Makes the intestine less active, causing constipation and bloating. Reduces the tone of the ureters and bladder, which contributes to rapid urination and increases the risk of kidney inflammation. Reduces the tone of the vessels, leading to a delay in the body in the body, swelling, pressure drop and varicose veins. In addition, progesterone affects the nervous system of the future mother, it is he is to blame in drowsiness, irritability and mood swings.

With the normal course of pregnancy, the progesterone does not need. But in women with a threat of interrupt, periodic surrender analyzes allows the gynecologist to observe changes in the level of progesterone to predict and correction. Medicinal preparations containing progesterone occupy a leading place in the therapy of the threat of abortion.

Hormones during pregnancy: placental lactogen reserves nutrients for kid

Products of placental lactogen (PL) increases with a period of pregnancy, according to the mass of the placenta and the fetus. At the 36th week of pregnancy, the placenta secretes about 1 g lactogen per day. Placentational lactogen rebuilds the metabolism of Mom to ensure the growth and development of the fetus. So, he prevents the synthesis of proteins in the body of a woman, which increases the stock of amino acids that uses the fruit for its formation. It also maintains the level of glucose in the blood of the mother to consume its fruit. Thanks to the placental lactogen in a pregnant woman, the weight increases weight. Its influence explains the increased appetite of the future mother and its special addiction to certain products. In addition to the metabolic function, the PL strengthens the production of progesterone, stimulates the development of the mammary glands and suppresses the immune response of the female organism into fetal proteins, which is important for the normal development of pregnancy. Since the placenta is the only source of this hormone, its definition is a direct indicator of this temporary pregnancy organ. It helps to find out the condition of the baby - with hypoxia (oxygen starvation) of the fetus, the concentration of placental lactogen in the blood decreases almost 3 times.

Other hormones during pregnancy

Relxinstreetly secreted in the ovaries and the placenta in the later stages of pregnancy. Rellicin relaxes the neck of the uterus during childbirth, weakens the link of a pubic symphiz with other pelvic bones. Thus, this hormone is preparing the human body for childbirth. In addition to this direct effect, relaxing contributes to the growth and formation of new blood vessels, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and increases the life expectancy of women who have undergone pregnancy and childbirth.

Prolactin- The hormone of pituitary gland (gland in the brain) responsible for lactation. During pregnancy, its level increases 10 times. Prolactin during pregnancy stimulates the growth and development of the mammary glands, gradually preparing them for the production of colosis and milk. Under its impact, the structure of the breast is changing - the adipose tissue is replaced by a secretory. In addition, it regulates the volume and composition of the aircraft water, participates in water-salt metabol, increases the pain sensitivity threshold before childbirth. The increased concentration of prolactin during pregnancy is also necessary for both the child, since the hormone contributes to the development of the lungs and is involved in the formation of a surfactant (a special substance that covers the inner surface of the lungs and ensures their disclosure during the first breath of the newborn).

Oxytocinthe pregnancy is formed in the hypothalamus of the brain and is transported to the rear share of the pituitary gland, where its accumulation occurs. The main property of oxytocin during pregnancy is the ability to cause severe abbreviations of the muscles of the uterus (contractions). Also oxytocin contributes to the release of milk from the mammary glands. It is believed that this hormone has an impact on the psyche of the future mother, causing a sense of attachment and tenderness to the child, as well as a sense of satisfaction, calm and security, reduces the level of anxiety.

The maximum amount of oxytocin is produced at the end of pregnancy, which is one of the starting mechanisms of generic activity, and in blood, this hormone is emitted mainly at night, so most often the childbirth begins at night.

Tyroxin- thyroid hormone. The level of this hormone during pregnancy does not change so much during pregnancy compared to the female sex hormones (at the beginning of pregnancy, thyroxine products increase by a third), but it is impossible not to note its important role in the development of the fetus. The bookmark and the formation of all organs of the fetus, including the nervous system, is provided by thyroxin and other hormones of the thyroid gland Mom. The reduced generation of thyroxine can lead to brain formation failures and the central nervous system of the fetus, and the increase in its level increases the risk of abortion. Sometimes elevated synthesis of thyroxine at the beginning of pregnancy can affect well-being: a pulse is studied, sweating, insomnia, weakness, irritability appears.

Insulinproduced by the pancreas - the main controller of carbohydrate metabolism and blood glucose level. At the beginning of pregnancy, insulin levels somewhat increases, which lowers the level of glucose in the blood, causing morning weakness and dizziness. After the 14th week, placental lactogen increases the sensitivity of the body tissues to insulin, enhances its decay, and the blood glucose level increases. At the same time, the circulation of free fatty acids increases in the blood. And if the basic weight of glucose goes on the energy supply of the fetus, then the free fatty acids go to the energy supply of mom. Increasing the blood glucose level is fraught with pregnant diabetes mellitus, so it is necessary to regularly control blood sugar.

Pregnancy causes some increase in the level of major adrenal hormones - mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. The mineralocorticoid task, in particular aldosterone, includes the regulation of water-salt metabolism, their concentration is doubled by the end of pregnancy, which leads to a delay in water and sodium in the body, contributing to edema and an increase in blood pressure.

Glucocorticoids, in particular, cortisol and hydrocortisone, help the mobilization of amino acids from maternal tissues in the synthesis of fetus tissues and suppress the immune system so that the body of the future mother does not spin the fruit. The side effect caused by these hormones is thinning hair, hyperpigmentation of the skin, the formation of stretch marks, enhancing hair growth on the body.

Time when everything changes again

For a couple of weeks before delivery, hormonal changes during pregnancy enter into a new phase: the body is rebuilt with a shock pace from "preserving pregnancy" in "Giving". From the 36th week of pregnancy, an increase in the secretion of estrogen and a decrease in the content of progesterone was noted. Increasing the level of estrogen leads to an increase in the content of prostaglandins in the uterus, which, falling into the blood, stimulate the secretion of oxytocin in the pituitary gland in a woman and the fetus, cause the destruction of progesterone, and also directly run childbirth, causing a reduction in the muscles of the uterus.

All hormonal changes in pregnancy are aimed at normal pregnancy and prosperous childbirth. If the body does not cope with a hormonal function for any reason, doctors recommend replacing their own hormones - hormonal drugs designed to adjust the existing violation. The appointment of such drugs requires a weighted approach, but the alternatives have not yet been found.

What hormones produces a placenta?

The placenta is a temporary pregnancy organ that develops in the uterine cavity and performing a number of essential functions aimed at ensuring sufficient conditions for the physiological course of pregnancy and the normal development of the fetus. As an endocrine gland, the placenta is finally formed by the 14th and 16th week of pregnancy. Starting from this period, it is the main source of estrogen and progesterone in the body of a pregnant woman. However, its hormonal function is not exhausted only by these hormones. The placenta is a whole factory for the production of various hormone-like substances, of which are still not all open by scientists. It synthesizes almost all famous hormones of the human body, as well as unique substances specific to pregnancy. These include the already known hCG, as well as placental lactogen.

Hormones call biologically active compounds. They affect the health and psyche of man. Many hormones in pregnancy are activated and maintained the mother's body, help develop the fetus and create a solid connection between them. All processes and reactions are adjusted for a new position. Some hormones come into play, others depart into the background.

Hormones are involved in metabolism, they provide processes of vital activity and growth of the body. These substances are produced by iron, which make up the human endocrine system. The glands of the internal secretion are placed in different parts of the body and affect different processes.

Main glands:

• the pituitary gland is located in the brain, it makes control over other glands, the pituitary hormones determine the size of the person and the intensity of growth processes;
• the thyroid gland is in the cervical department, its hormones are involved in metabolism;
• parasite glands are located near the thyroid gland, they allow you to adjust the synthesis of calcium and phosphorus;
• timus or fork iron is in the upper part of the chest, produces thymbosin, which helps in creating an immune system;
• pancreas highlights juice for digesting food, as well as insulin, which regulates the exchange of carbohydrates;
• the adrenal glands produce substances that participate in metabolism and maintain the functionality of the nervous system, iron also produces sex hormones;
• blue-shaped iron or epiphysis is located in the brain, produces melatonin that adjusts the daily mode;
• sex glands are responsible for the reproduction, their hormones are developing secondary sexual signs (in girls the shape of the skeleton and pelvis, the lactures are increasing, the figure outlines, the hair appears on the pubic and armpits, menstruation occurs, the reproductive function) occurs.

Why need to check hormonal background

Hormones participate in all major processes. Organism: growth, development, metabolism, reproduction. In order for the body to function correctly, the ratio of hormones should be responsible for the gender and age of a person. There are norms for each hormone and each individual category of people.

Each indicator is important for pregnant. Any changes in the analyzes reflect the process of fetal development. That is why control over hormones is carried out by the doctor regularly. Different methods apply to the study of hormonal background.

Perinatal screening is obligatory - a group of studies that help determine the risk of malformations from the fetus. Doctors recommend to take a screening at least twice. In the first trimester, research is carried out on 11-12 weeks. In the second trimester fit 16-19 weeks.

In women, the hormonal background changes after a puberty period, at the time of conception, with menopause. An ordinary laboratory blood test allows you to identify many diseases and even determine the localization and nature of deviations. The blood test for hormones is an important part of the examination of a pregnant woman. According to their results, the gynecologist can estimate the state of the mother and child and make the right treatment plan.

What tests for hormones during pregnancy

Since the chemical composition of hormones varies, there are different ways to study blood. During pregnancy, assays may be needed on the pituitary hormones:

• prolactin;
• thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Analyzes for sex hormones:

• estriol;
• testosterone.

Analysis on adrenal hormones:

• cortisol;
• adrenocorticotropic hormone;
• DHAA sulfate.

Analysis on thyroid hormones:

• thyrotropic (TG);
• triiodothironine (T3);
• triiodothyronine (T3 free);
• thyroxine (T4);
• thyroxin free (T4 free).

Analysis on antibodies:

• thyroglobulin;
• thyroperoxidase.

These hormones are studied in the framework of perinatal screening in the first and second trimesters. In the first trimester, the level of Rarr-A and Beta HCG are measured. The second investigates AFP, E3 and HCG hormones. Also needed control of 17-ketosteroids and 17-oxyprogesterone, as well as globulin, which binds sex hormones. In parallel, analyzes on the hormones of the sexual system (testosterone, estradiol) and adrenal substances cortisol are carried out.

Horionic gonadotropin of man (hCG)

Closer to 10 week of pregnancy, the placenta begins to produce hormones hard. It is produced by a fetal shell (chorion). Secrecy begins immediately after attaching the embryo to the inner layer of the uterus. HCH is one of the most important hormones for a person, especially to maintain pregnancy. This hormone controls the development of other substances necessary for pregnancy - progesterone and estrogen.

With a healthy pregnancy, the level of hCG is constantly growing. By 10-11 week, the concentration of hormone in the blood decreases and does not change to labor. With a lack of hCG, miscarriages: progesterone is not enough endometrium, the egg cell does not hold and comes out of the uterus, menstruation occurs.

It is the hormone hCG confirms pregnancy. A simple test responds to a hormone in the urine by 5-6 days after conception, but it is more reliable to test blood. The level of hCG makes it possible to calculate the term when a woman cannot accurately determine the day of conception.

HCG indicators reflect the state of the fetus, so the analysis makes it possible to learn about complications. For each period of pregnancy, the rate of HCG in the blood is established, which confirms the correctness of the development of the fetus.

Anomalous HCG growth can talk about multi-flow, diabetes mellosis, gestosis (placenta micro-damage). Sometimes the increase in the level of the hormone indicates malformations and hereditary diseases, such as Down syndrome.

The decrease in hCG occurs during ectopic pregnancy, as well as frozen. This may be a manifestation of developmental delay, placental failure (disorders of the functionality of the placenta), spontaneous interruption of pregnancy.

With a high or low level, the HCG does not need to be afraid. Perhaps incorrectly indicated the date of conception.

Hormones placenta

Progesterone

At a certain period of the menstrual cycle, the level of progesterone increases. The hormone is produced by a yellow body, which ripens on the site of the follicle after he extends the egg on the day of ovulation.

This hormone is responsible for the preparedness of the uterus to implantation, is considered the main during pregnancy. Progesterone contributes to the best attachment of the fertilized egg to the endometry of the uterus. Hormon prevents miscarriage, reducing the tone of the uterus.

Without the normal level of progesterone, the conception does not occur. Hormone gives the central nervous system to the preparation for conception. It retains pregnancy and creates the necessary conditions for nulling and feeding the child. Progesterone is also worried about the psychological state of a woman. He calms the pregnant woman, creates affection and love for the fetus.

On the other hand, progesterone affects the psyche, making a woman irritable and oppressed. Also, the hormone holds salt and liquid, causes headaches, drowsiness, nausea, climbing urination. Thanks to progesterone, the dairy glands swell and hurt.

The concentration of progesterone by 8 week increases twice, and by 38 week grows gradually. In the first trimester, the norm is considered 9 nmol / l and an increase of up to 770 nmol / l to the third trimester.

The lack of progesterone accompanies pregnancy complications. It is possible to medicinely fill the reserves of the hormone. Otherwise, pregnancy ends with miscarriage or underdevelopment.

Placenta lactogen

The level of placental lactogen determines the risk of chromosomal deviations. The secretion of the hormone is made by the placenta. In the blood of a woman, he is already present from 5-6 weeks. Normally, the maximum of placental lactone in the blood is observed at 37-38 weeks. After this period, the hormone level falls.

The study of the level of placental lactogen is directed to the assessment of the state of the placenta. The analysis allows you to diagnose deficiency on time. A sharp depth of the hormone is twice or more (in comparison with normal indicators on a certain day of pregnancy) may indicate a delay in the development of the child. Reduced level of placental lactogen by 80% can lead to fetal death. The doctor should notice the decline on time in order to urgently prevent the reduction of the hormone.

The layer of placental lactogen is 0.05 mg / l in the early periods with an increase of 11.7 to 40 weeks. The analysis on lactogen is carried out in the presence of two miscarriages in history.

Estrogen

Important during pregnancy is the level of estrogen. Hormone supports generic activity and helps the uterus grow. Also estrogens normalize pressure, remove fluid, relax vessels. Estrogens are produced by the placenta and adrenalities of the child.

Free estriol improves blood circulation in the vessels of the uterus. Hormone affects the mammary glands, helps the body adapt to the feeding of the child. The free estriol analysis reveals fetoplacentage failure (violation of the placenta blood supply), delayed development, transferred pregnancy. At the 5-6 week of pregnancy, the estriot rate is 0.6-2.5 nmol / l. By 40 week, the hormone level rises to 111 nmol / l.

Hormones ovarian

In the usual time (estrogen) is produced by ovaries, and after conception, also a placenta. It supports normal pregnancy, so its level is constantly growing. First, the estradiol analysis can tell about the state of the placenta. Reducing estradiol on an early period may indicate the risk of cessation of pregnancy.

In the first week, the norm is 800-1400 pmol / l, and on the last 57100-99100 pmol / l. Immediately before childbirth, estradiol levels at the maximum. It is he who needs to say thanks for the relief of pain in childbirth, since estradiol is natural anesthetic.

At the psychological level, estradiol is responsible for readiness for the appearance of the baby. Hormone affects a woman, and she begins to buy things, equip the room and prepare for the birth of a child.

If in the history there were miscarriages, you need to control progesterone and estradiol both before conception and after. To monitor the condition of the hormonal background, it is necessary even during preparation for fertilization, as it affects the implantation and development of the fetus.

Hormones adrenal glands

Adrenocorticotropic hormone pituitary gland (ACTH) stimulates the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoid adrenal glands. In stress, the level of ACTH increases and the secret of adrenal hormones is enhanced. Such stress is pregnancy.

Influence of adrenal hormones:

• depression of immunity, preventing rejection of the fetus;
• regulation of water-salt balance through salts and fluid delay;
• weakening of hair;
• stryi formations (stretch marks);
• hyperpigmentation of the skin;
• strong hair growth.

Hormones thyroid gland

During pregnancy, it is necessary to track the functionality of the thyroid gland. Insufficiency and excessive mining of hormones by this body can cause malformations from the fetus. It is possible to estimate the state of the thyroid gland according to thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

Analysis on hormones during pregnancy of this gland is prescribed to those patients who have problems with an anamnesis. The indication may be strong fatigue, drowsiness, hair problems, leather and nails, reduced pressure, swelling and a sharp weight gain. All these signs can talk about thyroid dysfunction.

During pregnancy, insufficiency is often diagnosed, although the overaction of the thyroid hormones is also possible (hyperthyroidism). The overabundance is dangerous premature childbirth. Launched hypoteriosis (lack of hormones) leads to the death of the fetus in the womb, mental retardation.

It is necessary to explore such hormones:

• thyrotropic (TG), which stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones (the norm 0.4-4.0 honey / l, in pregnant women norm is 0.4-2.0 honey / l);
• thyroxine free (T4 free), which speeds up metabolism (norm 9-22 pmol / l, during pregnancy 8-21 pmol / l);
• triiodothironine (T3 is free), which also accelerates the metabolism, but is more active (the norm is 2.6-5.7 pmol / l, during pregnancy, the indicators remain normal).

Sometimes the endocrinologist also prescribes an antibody test to thyreoglobulin (AT-TG) and thyroperoxidase (AT-TPO) - proteins that appear in the blood when inflammation of the gland.

Hormones pituitary glands

In the process of growth of the fetus, the hormones of the pituitary gland are also involved, which is located in the brain. In childbirth, the uterus is reduced under the influence of oxytocin. Postpartum lactation is carried out due to prolactin. The shortage of prolactin reduces the amount of breast milk.

Oxytocin and prolactin are the so-called motherhood hormones. They help a woman feel love for the child, feel your mother and enjoy feeding. These hormones suggest a woman how to lead themselves how to place priorities. Nature through hormones makes a woman like any female on the planet, love and defend their child. Thus, the genus is continued and the preservation of each population.

The desire of a woman to be next to the child depends on the concentration of motherhood hormones and protect it. The concentration of motherhood hormones changes gradually so that the psyche of the woman can get ready for the appearance of the baby.

The hormonal system is sharply reacting to external stimuli and internally change. Therefore, blood test for hormones during pregnancy is passed in the morning on an empty stomach. A few days before the procedure, it is necessary to refrain from physical and emotional loads, eliminate alcohol and cigarettes.

It must be remembered that the hormonal background primarily depends on the mood of a woman. Its value for the development of healthy pregnancy is large, but almost any hormone can be filled with medication. Therefore, it is not necessary to panic if the analysis shows an oversupply or shortage of the active substance.

The intensity of positive, as well as negative effects on the growth of hormones during pregnancy depends on many factors: heredity, health, mood, individual characteristics.

Women's hormones of estrogens play a big role in the work of the body: we will consider the symptoms of their lack of young girls and women of older, as well as effective methods for the correction of endocrine disorders.

Symptoms

Depending on the age of a woman, hypoestroy can manifest itself in different ways.

Symptoms of hormone deficit in young girls

Primary hormone failure becomes noticeable in adolescence. The girl has a delay in sexual development, underdeveloped dairy glands, the absence of severe secondary sexual signs. In some cases, the figure in the child develops on male type, with narrow pelvis, wide shoulders and severe muscles.

An important indicator of a normal hormonal background in the girl is Menarche. The first monthly, as a rule, begin in 12-13 years old, and the cycle is fully established by 14-16 years. If there are few estrogens in the body, monthly periods can be late for several years, and sometimes missing at all.

At the reception at the gynecologist, small ("children's") dimensions of the uterus and the overall underdevelopment of primary and secondary sexual signs are noted. Without timely treatment, get pregnant and give birth to a child such a patient will not be able to.

Lack of estrogen in women of reproductive age

The problems faced by the patient when there are absolutely all organism systems. This is due to rude disorders of metabolism in organs and tissues due to the shortage of the necessary biological substances.

Low estrogen is manifested by the following clinical signs:

early aging;

dry skin and mucous membranes;

the formation of wrinkles, acne and other skin problems;

increased hair liness and nails;

vaginal dysbiosis;

frequent colpitis of yeast and other etiologies that are difficult to treat;

reducing libido;

lack of natural vaginal lubricant during sex;

disorders of the menstrual cycle - the irregularity of monthly, scant bleeding, soreness, amenorrhea;

with concomitant progesterone failure - severe premenstrual syndrome;

primary or secondary infertility;

violations of the CNS - frequent headaches, irritability, weakness, worsening memory and cognitive (cognitive) functions;

bloating, stool disorders;

problems with thermoregulation - the so-called tides, in which the woman throws in the heat, then in the cold;

angular pains;

weight gain despite the preservation of the usual diet;

insomnia.

Menopause as a physiological phenomenon

Menopause is a natural process in the life of a woman. On average, it develops by 50 years, but can occur and a little earlier or later (usually between 40 and 55).

Approximately 35 years, healthy ovaries begin to gradually reduce the amount of estrogen produced. This process occurs until regular menstruation stops, and the woman does not fully lose their childbearing function. Although such changes are physiological, yet they are peculiar stress for the body. Changes in estrogen level affect many organs and systems:

MC becomes irregular: the gaps between menstruation are extended, it is shortened, the volume of discharge can also be unequal. Blood selection is possible in the middle of the cycle.

Feeds appear - the feeling of heat waves, spreading from the chest area on the neck, hands, face. They arise quite often (up to 20-30 times a day) and continue 3-4 minutes. Another attack is often replaced by increased sweating, and then chills.

Dryness in the vagina. During the menopause, the vagina becomes less elastic, and its mucous epithelium almost does not produce natural lubricant. It can cause great discomfort with sexual intercourse.

Negatively reflects the powerful hormonal restructuring and on the nervous system: in many studies reflected the connection of low estrogen with emotional lability, irritability, chronic fatigue, insomnia and other problems.

Increased weight, despite the usual power mode.

Hypoisthers in pregnant women

When pregnancy, estrogen levels (like some other hormones) increases significantly.

But what happens if there is a shortage of genital hormones in the body of the future mother? This can lead to:

miscarriages in the early time;

power disorders and premature placental detachment;

development of deviations in the formation of the fetus;

problems in the work of the heart and CNS in the child;

uterine bleeding;

in the later timing - weakness of labor activity.

Than dangerous

Pathological risks arising due to the shortage of female genital hormones are characteristic of patients of any sex and age, regardless of the cause of hormonal imbalance.

Complications of estrogen failure include:

osteoporosis and high risk of injury;

Chronic pathological processes in the urogenital system;

Diseases of the circulatory system.

Osteoporosis is a decrease in the density and the pathological restructuring of bone tissue. Diagnose pathology at an early stage is quite difficult, so most often doctors face its consequences.

According to statistics, women with disadvantage of estrogen risk of development increases by 30%.

Each fifth of patients with such an injury dies for three months due to the complications of long-term immobilization.

Hypoestroy causes the atrophy of the epithelium of the urinary tract. Atrophic urethritis and cystitis are manifested by painful and rapid urination, imperative urges, urinary incontinence, as well as recurrent infections. The symptomatic treatment of such pathologies is ineffective, the correction of a hormonal background is necessary.

Also, the lack of estrogen is one of the risk factors for the development of diseases of the SCC.

Patients with a shortage of female sex hormones are three times more likely from sharp cardiovascular complications - infarction and stroke.

Treatment

To fill the lack of estrogen, the endocrinologist should find out the causes of the pathological condition. In addition, in the preparation of an individual therapy plan, age, individual characteristics, obstetric history and related diseases of the patient are taken into account.

Nutrition and lifestyle correction

It is curious that hypoestrogenation therapy often begins with the recommendations for nutrition and lifestyle. It has been proven that positively reflects on a hormonal background of a woman regular use of such products as:

beans, peas, nut, lentils and other legumes;

olives and olives;

vegetables - eggplants, pumpkin, carrots, cabbage, broccoli;

pomegranate, apricots, mango, papaya;

soy products;

pumpkin seeds, sunflower, sesame;

germinated wheat;

olive and linseed oil.

Additionally, for the prevention of osteoporosis, endocrinologists are recommended to receive products rich in vitamin D (fatty sea fish, egg yolk, liver, milk) or special medical and preventive complexes (for example, calcium D3 nomed, d-calcine).

In addition to the diet, regularize the hormonal background will help regular physical activity, unfortunate smoking, restriction of coffee, salt and sugar. Following the principles of the ZEM significantly reduces the risk of developing metabolic (exchange) disorders, reduces the severity of symptoms of hypoestrogenation.

Phytotherapy

On the recommendation of the doctor you can use the infusions and champs of grass-phytoestrogen. - This is a heterogeneous group of natural vegetable compounds that have a similarity on the body with the women's sex hormones. Among them:

• hibiscus;

  plantain;

• red brush;

• fenugreek;

  boring uterus;

Women of the older age category, which completed a childbearing function, the reception of medicinal plants is recommended in continuous mode for 3-5 years. Patient of reproductive age should take phytoestrogens according to the scheme:

herbs with estrogenic action - from 3-5 to 15-18 day of the menstrual cycle;

herbs with a progestogenic action - from 15-18 to 25-28 day of the menstrual cycle.

Such a scheme allows you to imitate physiological fluctuations in the level of hormones in the body.

Replacement hormone therapy

With pronounced hormonal disorders, drugs are prescribed - analogues of female hormones in the form of tablets, patches, gels, ointment, subcutaneous implants, vaginal candles and injections.

At the same time, the doctor should be based on the modern principles of the UGT:

use only natural estrogens (estradiol valerat, 17β-estradiol, conjugated hormones - Kloguest, Kliten, Divine, Cyclo Proginova);

prescribe minimally effective doses of hormones;

select the drug individually;

regularly monitor the results of treatment.

The most popular dosage shape of hormones - pills for oral administration. To facilitate the symptoms of the lesion of the urinary organs, the UGT can be appointed locally.

Replacement hormone therapy does not apply if there are contraindications. Among them:

hormone-dependent tumors of the genital organs;

breast cancer (including a history);

venous thromboembolism;

decompensated diseases of the kidneys and liver;

bleeding from the genital paths of unknown etiology.

Every year UGT is improving. Today, drugs activating estrogen receptors are being studied, but not affecting the division of breast cells or blood coagulation system. In the future, this will make it possible to treat hormones not only efficient, but also absolutely safe.

With serious emotional and mental disorders, extraction courses or synthetic drugs affecting the nervous system - antidepressants, neuroleptics, tools for the treatment of insomnia, etc. are appointed.

The lack of estrogen is not only unpleasant, but also extremely dangerous to health. In addition to the loss of reproductive function, a woman significantly increases the risk of osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, thyroid disorders and other problems. Therefore, this state is important to diagnose and treat. Have you faced hypoestrogen? Tell your story in the comments.

Estrogen female hormone belongs to steroid type. A steady hormonal background allows you to adjust the exchange processes occurring in the body.

The complex mechanism of the female body functions under the influence of several types of hormones. They determine and control appetite, suppress or create conditions for the occurrence of depression, the state of the appearance of the girl depends on their level.

Among the main female hormones, it is customary to allocate:

What is needed estrogen in the body of a girl

Hormones in the female organism appear from childhood. Estrogen levels can increase and decrease in different periods of sexual development. For example, during conception, the presence of a hormone determines the future floor of the fetus, during early childhood there is an increase in women's organs. Due to accelerated growth in 12-15 years old, secondary sexual signs appear in the girl.

The maximum level of this hormone is noted in women during reproductive age. At this moment, menstruation arises, in which the work of estrogen is observed in the first phase of the cycle.

The main goal of the hormone is to make a woman from the girl. It is he who allows you to distinguish the female floor from the male, directs the impulses in the brain on the preparedness of the body to conceive and tooling the fetus.

Estrogen is reduced after 45 years at the time of menopause.

Typology estrogen

Depending on the role of the hormone and its goal, the following types of estrogen are defined in the work:

• 17-beta extradiol is formed in the female body in the reproductive age of women.
• Estradiol is formed in ovaries. His work is related to the fact that in aggregate with estrogen protects the body of a woman from rapid aging, the emergence of a number of pathologies. This is an antioxidant of natural origin, which also normalizes blood pressure.
• Estron occurs in fatty tissues and can be transformed into estradiol (in the ovaries). In the period of Klimaks, he acts as the main estrogen in the body of a woman. In case of violations that are associated with its decline or increasing, can lead to cancer diseases (cervical cancer).
• The level of estriol rises during the period of pregnancy from the reinforced work of the placenta. The hormone deficit can lead to infertility, dryness of the vagina, premature aging and other problems.

With a high content of this hormone, the mammary glands and endometrial hyperplasia occurs, leads to a violation of the overall functioning in the body of the girl.

As the main symptoms of hyperstroyment are:

1. The appearance of mastopathy;
2. Pathology of the menstrual cycle (abundance, which are accompanied by strong pains);
3. Not the ability to conceive and hatching the child;
4. Development of thromboms;
5. Skin diseases (enhanced acne development and other).

The busiest manifestation of the overaffect of this hormone is obesity. Excess weight is abundantly accumulated in the abdomen, hips.

With the development of the re-equipment of estrogen, it is necessary to normalize the hormonal background due to the following measures:

• His conclusion through the intestines;
• Creating conditions for weight loss;
• Reception of medicines that reduce the transformation processes of the male hormone testosterone in estrogen.

Insufficient estrogen

The hormone level falls when the female organism is moving in a state of menopause.

With a reduced amount of estrogen (hypoestrogenation), the following violations are observed:

1. The decline in the work of the ovaries leads to the occurrence of menopause;
2. Pathology in the work of the brain;
3. Rapid weight loss;
4. Slowdown in physical development;
5. Genetic disorders on the chromosomal level (Sherosezhevsky-Turner syndrome) and so on.

When the analysis is given to the detection of the hormone level

At the time of the violation of the female genital organs, it is necessary to immediately turn to the gynecologist. The doctor discharges the direction of tests to the level of hormones in the blood. Among the main pathologies in which the analysis should be handed out:

• The absence or slow emergence of secondary sexual signs;
• Multiple miscarriages;
• Skin diseases and so on.

Analysis on the level of estrogen must be handed over an empty stomach in the morning hours for 20-22 days of the menstrual cycle. The extreme moment of food must be at least eight hours before the analysis. Before surrendering blood, it is necessary to reduce physical exertion, stop using tobacco and alcohol, you should not lead sexual life and eliminate the use of food in fried form.

Estrogen's work in the female body in different periods of development

Estrogen - a hormone, which is always in the female body. Its appearance affects the definition of the floor at the moment of conception. There are different clinical picture of the work of this hormone at different ages in women.

In adolescence, girls who have not yet reached puberty, the lack of this hormone can affect:

1. Violation in the work of growth hormone, which entails delay in the development of the body in physical terms;
2. The development of secondary genital organs slows down, and may not appear;
3. Menstruation does not occur. In the absence of the correct treatment regimen, it may lead to infertility;
4. The lack of estrogen leads to the fact that the girl becomes similar to the boy (on the physique);
5. The number of moles increases sharply, papillomas and warts may appear.

During the peak of the estrogen level (degenerate age), the manifestation of a decrease in this hormone can influence the overall health and manifest as:

• Fast mood change;
• Frigidity;
• Failure during the course of menstruation;
• Sleep deterioration, reduction of the storage of information;
• Skin problems (reduction of elasticity, the appearance of acne, rash).

During pregnancy and after childbirth, a complete change of a hormonal picture of the body of a woman occurs. The number of hormones increases sharply, while the level of other falls.

With a favorable course of pregnancy, the amount of estradiol in 3 trimester increases to 43,000 pg / ml, and after delivery, its level is normalized and reaches 25 pg / ml.

Reducing estrogen is associated with the start of lactation. This reduction is associated with increasing in the quantitative expression of the prolactin hormone, which leads to a decrease in estradiol.

After the delivery, an excess of estrogen may be observed, which is associated with the beginning of the reception of oral protection against unwanted pregnancy, problems in the work of the liver, fast weight gain.

The reduction of the hormone occurs during the operation of prolactin, which suppresses the production of estradiol. It can also be possible to manifest itself in connection with a large loss of blood during the birth, diet, disadvantage in the level of fats and carbohydrates in food.

With a low level of estrogen, women after childbirth occurs a sharp change of mood: from the state of the euphoria to severe depression. With any detection of symptoms in violation of estrogen, it is necessary to seek medical care to the gynecologist.

The period of menopause and developing climax are associated with a reduction in the production of egg cells, due to which reduces the level of estrogen. The imbalance in a hormonal background can lead to the following negative manifestations:

1. Sharp change in blood pressure;
2. Nausea;
3. Pain in the heart;
4. Unfortunate sweating;
5. Irritability appears, anxiety;
6. Reducing the level of calcium leads to the fragility of bones and teeth.

During hormonal failures in the body of a woman there is a decrease in the quality work of all organs. To prevent negative consequences in the disadvantage of estrogen, it is customary to seek help from specialists. To establish the hormone level is also independently.

Several measures to normalize the number of female hormone in the body:

• The change in food habits is the simplest and most effective way at the initial stage of stabilization of hormone levels. It is used with minimal deviations from the norm.

When using a number of products, it is possible to put the estrogen level. Such products include cereals, beans, eggs, etaragon, spinach, asparagus. At high level estrogen, the use of grapes, citrus, grenade, figs should be included in the diet.

For active estrogen production (with hypooestrogenation), it is necessary to establish the amount of vitamin and trace elements. Special attention should be paid to the inclusion in the daily diet products that are rich in useful fats.

In the process of using products that affect the production of estrogen, you need to monitor changes at its level:

• One of the effective ways to normalize the level of estrogen is considered to be drug therapy. This treatment implies the reception of hormonal drugs in various variations (tablets, candles, injections).

In addition, it is possible to restore the hormonal failure when using special plasters. Their action is directed to the absorption of the hormone through the skin. In the same way affects the stabilization of the level of gels and ointments. When using vaginal preparations (candles), efficiency is achieved slower than when taking a hormone in a different way.

The necessary drugs are prescribed by a doctor, based on the individual characteristics of the body, the level of hormones in the blood.

Among the most effective drugs in the pharmaceutical market, the following drugs are distinguished:

1. In the form of tablets, the most effective is the experimental. It acts as a biologically active additive to food. The medication includes vegetable hindrances from soybeans, Vitetes of the sacred and others. Contraindicated in the period of tooling the child and during breastfeeding. Analogs of the drug consider Qi-Klima, Climadinon.
2. Candles of Obsign are popular as vaginal candles. Used in the post of menstrual period. Contraindications include oncological diseases in the patient (breast cancer), thrombosis, liver disease. Also should not be used during pregnancy and lactation.
3. Contraception means are also used to stabilize the hormonal background. For female representatives who did not give birth, but have malfunction in the menstrual cycle, gynecologists prescribe small doses of contraceptive drugs. In the process of aging, the treatment regimen changes to the side of increasing the number of contraceptives used. Among the most famous and effective are the contraceptive pills of Yarina, Mersilon, Janet. Side effects are observed in rare cases and are associated with the individual intolerance to the substances included in the drugs.
4. Folk medicine is considered effective if allergic reactions are not observed when taking herbs. Hop, sage, oregano, favorable effects on an increase in estrogen. The use of abraham wood is highlighted as an effective medicinal plants. When it is used, a high level of estrogen decreases, menstruation is normalized.