A large number of adults are interested in the question of what Diaskintest is, the norm in children. It is also called an immunological test, during which the introduction of antigens is carried out in order to detect the body's immune response. The use of Diaskintest allows you to obtain information about the presence of tuberculosis in the body, regardless of the form of the course.

Tuberculosis is a disease that can develop without clinical manifestations and show yourself when weakening the body's defenses. It is for its identification that allergenic tests are used, to which Diaskintest belongs.

The setting of such a test is carried out in the forearm area of ​​any hand, using a specially designed tuberculin syringe. It is allowed to conduct a test only for healthy children, paying attention to whether they have been sick with infectious diseases during the last month.

According to the order of the Ministry of Health, Diaskintest should be carried out annually to all children between the ages of eight and seventeen, a substance called diaskin.

According to the norms, the setting of such a sample is allowed to be carried out:

• two months after the sample is set (if necessary), you can repeat the test;
• thirty days after receiving any vaccine;
• thirty days after the transferred diseases of an infectious nature;
• once every three or six months, to persons who are registered with a phthisiatrician.

Note! The setting of Diaskintest is allowed to be carried out by children after a year in case of a positive result of the Mantoux reaction.

Diaskintest for children can be carried out:

• in school and preschool educational institutions;
• in children's clinics;
• in anti-tuberculosis dispensaries.

The reason for the mandatory Mantoux test is the fact that children and adolescents are most likely to become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Result evaluation

It is recommended to check the result after the test after three or four days. Indeed, up to 72 hours, an increase in the reaction will be observed and it is on the third, fourth day that the correct result will be seen. In the future, the manifestations of the reaction will subside, and an untimely and belated check will not be reliable.

Results and their characteristics:

1. Diaskintest the norm in children is considered a complete lack of reaction (no hyperemia and swelling at the injection site). A negative result is also considered: the presence of a place from the injection; cyanosis is small, up to 2 millimeters; a seal that looks like a lemon peel, up to 10 millimeters in size.
2. False positive result. Such a result is determined if there is only hyperemia without the formation of papules. If such a result is found, the person should contact the anti-tuberculosis dispensary to clarify the diagnosis. He is prescribed additional laboratory tests, fluorography and Diaskintest, which is carried out two months later.
3. Positive result. A positive test result can be said if there is a papule with an expression of the inflammatory process. This can be interpreted as infection of the child with tuberculosis. The intensity and manifestation of the inflammatory process in the injection area will depend on the amount of the pathogen in the body.
4. Hyperergic reaction. A hyperergic reaction is said if there is a positive result of the test, which is manifested by a large papule (more than 15 mm), damage and inflammation of the tissues surrounding the injection site.

If a positive Diaskintest is detected, such a child should be sent to the TB dispensary for registration, additional examination and treatment.

Analyzes are carried out to determine the form of the course of the disease.

But regardless of the result, he will need to undergo a course of treatment. A drug such as Isoniazid may be prescribed.

Contraindications and side effects

In order to reassure all those interested in the question of what Diaskintest is, I would like to state that this test does not bring any harm to the human body and does not lead to the development of complications.

In rare cases, there may be adverse reactions, such as:

• increased body temperature;
• prostration;
• headache;
• cyanosis at the injection site.

All of these conditions are considered a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of a protein preparation, which we are considering in our article.

Contraindications to Diaskintest are considered to be situations when the child:

• It has acute diseases or those in the stage of exacerbation (this group also includes acute respiratory diseases);
• has skin diseases;
• has an epileptic illness;
• suffers from allergic reactions;
• received a vaccination, after which, less than one month has passed.

After setting Diaskintest, it is prohibited:

• apply detergents, cosmetics and perfumery products to the injection site;
• apply medications to the injection site;
• comb and rub the injection site;
• apply any kind of dressing to the injection site.

As a result, it should be noted that, like any method of conducting tests, Diaskintest may give an incorrect result. But this test is considered more accurate when compared with Mantoux because it does not show positive results in individuals who have acquired immunity against tuberculosis.

That is why tuberculin diagnostics using Diaskintest is considered the safest and most reliable method of obtaining information about the presence of a disease such as tuberculosis. With its use, you can also predict the likelihood of infection with tuberculosis in the next two years.

Tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by Koch's bacillus. All adults and children over 1 year of age should be screened annually for infection. Examination methods allow detecting the disease on early stage... Diaskintest is a reliable way to detect tuberculosis. A positive result is the basis for a fluorographic image of the lungs.

To detect tuberculosis for everyone, regardless of social status, an annual survey is scheduled. The diagnostic method is determined by the age of the patient. Timely treatment in 70% of cases, it allows you to completely get rid of the pathogen. In the absence of therapy, the risk of death doubles.

The main ways to determine the presence of Koch's bacillus in the body:

Study characteristics

Diaskintest is a method for determining tuberculosis. It is similar in terms of diagnostic rules to the Mantoux reaction. Active substance- proteins of mycobacteria that do not infect humans. The reliability of the diaskintest is higher than that of the Mantoux test, but it is used less often.

Mantoux gives a positive answer when the patient is prone to allergies, and Diaskintest reduces the likelihood of such situations.

A photo of a positive result of a diaskintest and a Mantoux test can be seen in the phthisiatrician's office. They will not have significant visual differences, but a positive result of the Diaskintest indicates that the person is infected with mycobacteria.

After the detection of the disease and the therapy, the result becomes negative. But Diaskintest does not cause a reaction in people who have previously received BCG vaccination... Therefore, it is not used to select people who need booster vaccinations.

What does the solution consist of?

Diaskintest is injected subcutaneously into the forearm. The body reacts to mycobacterial proteins. The method allows you to determine whether a person is infected with tuberculosis. But this method cannot distinguish whether the patient is a carrier of bacteria or the development of the disease is taking place. With a positive test and no symptoms, additional examination methods are prescribed.

Diaskintest includes:

• saline;
• artificial proteins of tuberculosis bacteria CFP10 and ESAT6;
• potassium and sodium salts;
• preservative phenol, in an amount of 0.25 mg, which is a safe dose;
• stabilizer polysorbate 80.

Features of the test

The procedure for carrying out the diaskintest and the Mantoux reaction is the same. Before diagnosing, it is necessary to make sure that the patient is healthy and does not have allergic reactions. Despite the fact that the reliability of the test is 90%, the additional load on the immune system causes a false positive reaction.

Diaskintest rules:

• an injection syringe is required with a fine needle;
• take a dose of the drug;
• the substance is injected subcutaneously into the inner part of the forearm;
• You can bet in any hand, preference is given to the left;
• if the drug is administered after a positive result for tuberculin, then use the other hand;
• on the 3rd day, the nurse evaluates the result, which determines whether a person is infected with tuberculosis or not.

Is it allowed to wet the sample

After the injection, some rules must be followed in order not to get an incorrect result. The place where the tuberculosis test was taken should not be combed, because there is a high probability of infecting the wound and not getting the correct result.

This can provoke a false positive result. It is necessary to adhere to this rule until the doctor examines the injection site.

Everyone else can wet the forearm after the test, but do not rub it with a washcloth, scrub and other means that can damage the skin. This diagnostic method does not provide for other restrictions on nutrition and lifestyle.

Diagnostic frequency

The frequency of injections depends on the age and health of the patient:

Determination of the presence of pathology by test

The result after injection is determined after 3 days. When examining the injection site, the doctor determines the size of the red spot and papules.

Depending on the value of these indicators, the degree of assessment is revealed:

The positive result of Diaskintest (photo below) is confirmed by the conclusion of the doctor. A papule of 5 to 14 mm indicates that the person is infected with mycobacteria.

A negative result indicates that the person is healthy. All other results of the injection require additional diagnostics... If the test is negative, there is no swelling, but the injection site remains. A small hematoma occurs with poor-quality research, which can affect the determination of the result.

If the doctor determines a questionable reaction, then the patient will be sent for a second test after 2 months. If the result is negative, the child or adult can attend the team. It is forbidden to vaccinate against tuberculosis during the month. Additional research methods are not used for 12 months.

Positive response

Diaskintest gives a positive result in the following cases:

• there is an active inflammatory process in the body, tuberculosis is progressing;
• a person is infected with mycobacteria, but the disease has not yet occurred;
• injection if there are contraindications, in which case the result will be false positive.

A more accurate identification of the stage of the disease is given by an X-ray photograph. It shows inflammation in the lungs. If the disease has not yet occurred, then the phthisiatrician will see the Gong focus in the pictures. Immunity copes with mycobacteria and tuberculosis does not develop. Therefore, the disease progresses with a decrease in the body's defenses, good nutrition.

False positive test result

A false positive reaction occurs if the injection was carried out in the presence of the following contraindications:

• Violation of the skin at the injection site and infection of the wound.
• The presence of allergic reactions, increased atopic dermatitis.
• Autoimmune diseases.
• The presence of a viral infection. At the same time, the manifestation of ARVI might not yet have been.

People who are prone to allergic reactions should take antihistamines before giving the vaccine. Drinking alcohol is prohibited, as this can cause redness at the injection site.

Actions when an infection is detected

A positive result of Diaskintest (photo below) is the basis for referring the patient to a phthisiatrician for consultation. The doctor will give a referral to general analysis blood. If the infection spreads in the blood, there will be a decrease in leukocytes and an increase in ESR. Tuberculosis develops asymptomatically for up to 2 years.

During this period, the patient is not contagious, but with a drop in immunity, the disease turns into an open form. Therefore, the doctor must timely determine the stage of development of the disease and prescribe treatment in order to exclude infection of other people.

Adults need to undergo fluorography to identify foci of lung lesions. X-ray examination is recommended for children due to the lower radiation dose. In the absence of pronounced foci of inflammation in the images, an MRI of the lungs is required.

Lung disease therapy

Tuberculosis treatment lasts 6-8 months. During this time, depending on the stage of the disease, it is necessary to follow the doctor's recommendations. In a severe stage, bed rest is required. In average health conditions, it is necessary to avoid physical activity and stress. During the improvement of the condition, you can switch to normal mode.

The time it takes for recovery depends on the patient's immunity, the resistance of the mycobacterium to the prescribed drugs, and concomitant diseases.

First-line anti-TB drugs include:

At this stage, by combining drugs, you can stop the development of the disease. The duration of treatment, the frequency of administration and the dose of the drug is determined by the phthisiatrician based on the form of tuberculosis, previously prescribed treatment and general condition the patient.

In severe cases, surgical methods are used. They are necessary for complex forms of the disease and the development of complications. Surgery is used in 25% of all cases of the disease. Bleeding of the lungs is a life-threatening condition and requires immediate attention.

Depending on the development of the disease, the surgeon removes part of the organ, the lobe, the entire lung. Perhaps cutting off the destroyed area - caverns.

In the absence of treatment, mortality from tuberculosis reaches 50%. The degree of risk increases in the elderly, HIV-infected, sick diabetes mellitus... During treatment, you can not take a break in taking medications.

It is not recommended to independently determine the positive or negative result of the Diaskintest using photographs on the Internet. Additionally, during therapy, enhanced nutrition and vitamin intake are required. With the active stage of the disease, treatment takes place in an anti-tuberculosis dispensary.

Article design: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about diaskintest

What is diaskintest and how is it carried out:

To diagnose tuberculosis in children, samples with allergens isolated from pathogens are used. Intradermal administration of antigens induces a local reaction in a diseased or infected person. Conducting a study for tuberculosis using Diaskintest is preferable to the well-known Mantoux test. The defining disadvantage of the latter is the low specificity of the reaction... Diaskintest normally in children does not lead to any changes at the injection site. This is a more accurate version of the study, giving reactions only in the presence of an active tuberculosis infection. The disadvantages of the drug include a possible negative effect on the child's immune system, the presence of toxic substances in the composition.

Indications for setting diaskintest

Tuberculosis research is organized annually among children and adults. It includes immunological and radiological methods. From the age of 15, fluorography is used as a method for detecting tuberculosis. The answer to the question: « How old is X-ray examination done?»Can only be given conditionally. X-rays may be needed at any age if tuberculosis cannot be ruled out.

Children under the age of fifteen are tested annually using the Mantoux test, diaskintest or other tests. Many are interested in the age at which tuberculin tests are performed? They begin to be carried out from the age of one.

Indications for immunological research are not only preventive examinations, but also other purposes:

• diagnosis of tuberculosis;
• determination of the activity of the process in tuberculosis;
• evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapy;
• differential diagnosis of allergic reactions due to BCG vaccination or an infectious process caused by mycobacteria.

The difference between the test of Mantoux and the use of "Diaskintest"

The main difference between Diaskintest and Mantoux is the specific antigenic composition of the drugs. The first test contains synthetic antigens that provide specificity for the reaction. The test results are not affected by BCG vaccination, since Diaskintest antigens are absent in the strains of microorganisms used in the manufacture of the vaccine. For Mantoux, a preparation is used that contains allergens of natural origin, including those similar to those contained in the BCG vaccine. This reason is considered the main one, due to which the Mantoux test gives a pronounced reaction in BCG vaccinated. In addition, false positives for healthy people after Mantoux are found much more often than after diaskintest. Most parents are attracted to the opportunity to have their child tested with a low likelihood of erroneous allergic reactions.

Comparison of the accuracy of the results of the two types of testing in most cases shows that Diaskintest is more informative. According to the results of one of the studies of the use of the drug, its accuracy was 90%, and the Mantoux test was approximately 50–70%. Therefore, in recent years, new tests for tuberculosis, including diaskintest, are replacing the outdated version of the study.

Video

Video - why is Diaskintest dangerous?

Contraindications for drug administration

Most babies are tested annually. Tuberculosis is a severe infection
the effectiveness of the treatment of which depends on the timeliness of the detection of pathology. In addition, the disease is contagious, and the massiveness of preventive examinations can reduce the spread of infection and reduce the incidence of this most dangerous ailment. According to the test results, a turn of a tuberculin test or a tuberculosis disease is detected. But in some cases, the test is not performed.

First of all, parents have the right to decide whether a child should be tested in general and with the help of this drug in particular. In addition, there are situations when diaskintest should be abandoned.

When setting a Diaskintest sample, contraindications include the following pathologies:

• acute illnesses, including respiratory infections;
• exacerbation chronic pathologies, except for cases when it is necessary to exclude tuberculosis;
• skin diseases that are common;
• exacerbation of allergic diseases;
• quarantine for children's infection in the team;
• epilepsy;
• allergy to diaskintest.

Vaccination is a temporary contraindication for the test. You can do the test a month after vaccination, or, preferably, schedule vaccinations for a later period.

To the question "Is it possible to do diaskintest with a cold?" should be answered in the negative. Acute infection can skew test results... If the child has snot or other symptoms of rhinitis, it is necessary to wait until the cold is completely healed. Experts recommend waiting at least a month after the signs of the disease disappear, then you can do a diaskintest, avoiding excessive inflammatory reactions during the test.

Statement of an immunological test

Diaskintest in a child is done similarly to the Mantoux test. The drug is administered intradermally, and after 3 days
the local reaction of diaskintest is determined. Parents should be aware of the age at which the test is performed. The first research is done on a child per year... Then it is repeated annually. But sometimes it is necessary to put the sample again for a short time. The subsequent tuberculin test is performed on the other forearm, observing the correct alternation in the future.

Diaskintest is an immunological drug capable of causing a significant allergic reaction in a sensitized organism. Therefore, it is natural to ask how often a test can be made. The recommended time between two samples is at least 2 months. Studies have shown that this can reduce the burden on the child's immune system and minimize the potential for side effects.

The sequence of actions when setting a sample:

• the area of ​​the skin before the introduction of the drug is treated with alcohol;
• the skin of the inner zone of the forearm at the level of the middle third is slightly pulled;
• 0.1 ml of Diaskintest is injected into the upper layers of the skin parallel to its surface;
• the result of the injection will be a small, whitish papule with a diameter of 5 mm.

After the test, redness may occur on the first day, but the results of Diaskintest in children are assessed by leaps and bounds, but 72 hours after the injection. The test answer is described as positive, negative, or questionable.

Evaluation of sample results

After 3 days, the size of the papule is measured, only if it is present, the test result in the child is positive. Attention is paid to hyperemia only if there is no infiltration. The measurement is carried out with a transparent ruler, the transverse (relative to the axis of the forearm) diameter of the papule or redness is measured.

Evaluation of the results allows you to identify children in need of further examination:

• A positive diaskintest assumes the presence of a seal after injection, the size of which determines the severity of the reaction.
• The test is considered doubtful if there is only redness.
• A negative test result is normal in a child. In this case, there is no papule or hyperemia, only a reaction from an injection of no more than 2 mm can be observed.

When conducting a Diaskintest test, a positive result can manifest itself as a weak (papule up to 5 mm), moderately pronounced (up to 9 mm), pronounced (up to 14 mm) and hyperergic reaction. The latter indicates a pronounced immune response of the body and can signal a danger to the body. What does a hyperergic reaction look like in a child?? Papule 15 mm or more, vesicle, necrosis, lymphangitis after diaskintest.

Adverse reactions from the test

In some cases, a bruise is visible at the injection site. Rare side effects: headache, weakness, fever. Hematoma at the injection site is usually associated with incorrect injection technique, but it can mask the actual test results. Therefore, in such a situation, it is often necessary to do the diaskintest again after 2 months.

Why diaskintest is dangerous? First of all, the possibility of allergic reactions to one of the components. In addition to antigens, the composition includes phenol, polysorbate, sodium and potassium salts. To prevent allergies, sometimes doctors recommend taking desensitizing drugs a few days before the test. In addition, there are studies indicating negative effects of the test on the immune system, which can lead to various health problems.

Actions in case of a positive sample result

If a papule is detected at the injection site of the recombinant tuberculosis allergen, do not despair. The final results will be summed up after an additional survey. Despite the high information content of the test, the likelihood of a false positive result or an allergic reaction to the components of the drug exists.

The examination will allow you to determine the real situation and choose a tactic of what to do next: is it necessary to treat tuberculosis, take preventive chemotherapy, or the child is healthy and does not need therapy.

Reviews: 26

Despite all the methods of prevention and diagnostics carried out in various groups of the population, the number of patients with tuberculosis not only does not decrease, but is growing. The two main methods of screening for tuberculosis of the population, which have been used for a long time, are fluorography and Mantoux test.

Recently, it has become widespread synthetic drug Diaskintest. It is also used to detect tuberculosis and infection by it. Let's consider how effective it is to use "Diaskintest", what is it, how is it done, what is its difference from the Mantoux test?

Who can get TB

Tuberculosis has many types and forms of manifestation. It most commonly affects the lungs. Infection occurs through airborne droplets and contact-household methods. You can get infected even during a conversation with a patient with an active form, but this does not mean that the disease will develop.

People with good immunity, as well as those vaccinated against tuberculosis, may well cope with the infection on their own. The body will destroy the pathogen and even acquire specific immunity against it. But those people whose body is weakened, not sufficiently tempered, or there is a decrease in general immunity, can get sick and become a carrier of infection.

The causative agent of the disease is mycobacterium or Koch's bacillus. Despite their diversity, the disease can be caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis (bovine) and Mycobacterium africanum. They have good resistance and can persist outside the body, in dry sputum for up to 9–11 months, although they quickly die at high temperatures. Their high adaptive capacity makes the treatment difficult and time consuming.

"Diaskintest" - as a method for detecting tuberculosis

In adults, fluorography is usually used to detect tuberculosis. It is recommended for all people over 18 years of age, once every 2 years, and for some people once a year. it effective method identification of patients, but it is unsafe, since during the procedure a person receives radiation. Of course, the effective dose of radiation is low, but children are prohibited from doing fluorography.

Children undergo tuberculin diagnostics. This is the Mantoux test known to all parents. It is based on the body's reaction to tuberculin, a toxic substance secreted by mycobacteria. This method for detecting tuberculosis is not highly specific and often gives false positive results, for example, after a cure or vaccination. Therefore, in many clinics, in order to carry out differential diagnostics for tuberculosis, the drug "Diaskintest" is used.

Diaskintest is a drug for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The active substance of the drug is obtained by genetic modification of E. coli bacteria. Diaskintest or Mantoux cannot cause disease, so they are safe for humans.

Principle of action and composition of "Diaskintest"

Tuberculin used in the Mantoux test is a natural antigen obtained from mycobacteria. When it is injected subcutaneously, the human body reacts to it, causing an inflammatory allergic process in the form of swelling and redness (papules).

Diaskintest contains two types of synthetic antigens (CFP10 and ESAT6). Such proteins are found in the causative agents of tuberculosis and, when administered, also cause an allergic reaction. Moreover, the reaction to "Diaskintest" occurs only in the case of an active process in the body - a disease or infection, which does not always turn into a disease.

In addition to these protein antigens, Diaskintest contains some salts, water for injection, a preservative (phenol) and a stabilizer (polysorbate 80). Sometimes parents are worried that there is phenol in Diaskintest. But its dose when administered is only 0.25 mg, which is safe even for a child's body.

Diaskintest is done in the same way as the Mantoux test. With a syringe with a thin, short needle, 0.1 ml of the drug is collected and injected subcutaneously from the inner side of the forearm. The results of "Diaskintest" are determined after 72 hours. So what's the difference? What is better Mantoux or Diaskintest?

Differences between Diaskintest and Mantoux

The advantage of these methods over other additional ones, for example, X-ray (fluorography, radiography, computed tomography) is that they do not cause radiation to the body. It is possible to carry out "Diaskintest" to children from the first year of life, and the possibility of contracting tuberculosis after such an injection is excluded.

Of course, there are no tests that can give a 100% result. And the data also have a certain specificity, indications and contraindications. So, Mantoux shows whether the body has met with tuberculin before, but it could be a disease, an infection that the body coped with on its own or BCG vaccination.

Unlike the Mantoux test, the reaction to "Diaskintest" occurs only if there are active mycobacterium tuberculosis in the body. Diaskintest is more specific and does not react to other bacterial strains that do not cause tuberculosis. Diaskintest also does not respond to BCG vaccination. Therefore, it is often prescribed after the Mantoux test to conduct differential diagnosis... Unlike the Mantoux test, which can give a positive reaction, if there are other mycobacteria in the body, it does not disease-causing, "Diaskintest" is sensitive only to tuberculosis pathogens.

Why do "Diaskintest"

The indication for the detection of tuberculosis using the drug "Diaskintest" is:

Contraindications

For the introduction of "Diaskintest", as well as for any drug, there are contraindications.

"Diaskintest" should not be administered even if there is a suspicion of the possibility of infection acute infection, for example, during quarantine, since the probability of getting a false result will be high. Re-introduction of "Diaskintest" is shown no earlier than 2 months later.

Diaskintest can cause side effects such as headaches, weakness or fever. They are not dangerous and pass quickly.

Evaluation of results

The body's response to the introduction of "Diaskintest" is determined only after 72 hours. To do this, examine the injection site, calculate the size of puffiness (papules) and hyperemia (redness of the skin). There are four types of results assessment.

1. Negative reaction. With it, there is no infiltration and hyperemia, or its size is less than 2 mm.
2. Doubtful reaction - there is redness, but there is no infiltration or its size does not exceed 4 mm.
3. Positive reaction - there is an infiltration of more than 5 mm.
4. A hyperergic reaction to "Diaskintest" is when the infiltration is more than 14 mm in diameter, there may be ulcers, vesicles, and an increase in regional lymph nodes.

The doctor or specially trained nurse should determine the reaction. The norm in adults and children for the introduction of Diaskintest is one - this is a negative result.

What does a negative result look like? - there should be no swelling at the injection site, but the injection site itself may be visible, or there may be a bruise (hematoma) that occurs as a result of a not entirely successful injection.

A bruise at the injection site "Diaskintest" can interfere with the correct assessment, since it is not always possible to determine redness because of it. Therefore, in some cases, such a reaction may be considered doubtful and send the patient for additional examination, since re-introduction the drug is allowed only after 2 months.

Evaluation of the results for the introduction of "Diaskintest" in children does not differ from the evaluation in adults. In case of a negative reaction to Diaskintest in an adult or a child, and the absence of any complaints, it is considered that there is no active infection or infection in the body. Additional examinations are not done. The child can attend a child care facility and can be vaccinated. But BCG vaccination cannot be done at this time. It is allowed to be carried out only a month after Diaskintest.

A positive reaction to the introduction of "Diaskintest" indicates an active inflammatory process in organism. It can be a disease or infection. Moreover, infection does not always lead to the development of tuberculosis. If the immunity is good, then the body can cope with mycobacteria, then a Gona focus or calcinate is formed at the site of infection. In addition, a certain immunity appears. Such calcifications are often found on fluorography or radiographs. The Mantoux reaction with them can also be positive or questionable.

In case of a positive reaction to Diaskintest, it is required to refer the patient to a phthisiatrician in order to undergo additional studies and make a diagnosis. Consultation with a specialist is required for both dubious and hyperergic reactions to Diaskintest. Such patients are also referred for additional examination.

Why there is a questionable or hyperergic reaction

The reaction to "Diaskintest" can be questionable, positive or hyperergic, even if there is no disease. But even the presence of such reactions may indicate that not everything is in order in the body. The reasons for such reactions can be as follows.

1. Carrying out "Diaskintest", if there were contraindications for its administration, including those that the patient did not know about. For example, viral infection, which proceeds easily, asymptomatically, or infection with the virus has just occurred, but there are no pronounced manifestations yet.
2. Infection of the injection site, most often this can occur in children, because they are active, and it is not always possible to keep track of them.
3. Allergic diseases in which the reaction to the allergen may be inadequate.
4. Somatic, autoimmune diseases.

And also many other factors. In some cases, allergy sufferers do "Diaskintest" while taking antihistamines, but only as directed by a doctor.

To try to exclude a false positive reaction, you need to do "Diaskintest" only in the absence of contraindications. Adults should not take alcohol before and after Diaskintest, as the metabolic products of alcohol can bind to the body's histamine receptors, which will cause redness in the injection area.

Is it possible to wet the Diaskintest injection site? - although there is no evidence that pure water can affect the reaction, it is advisable not to do so. Moreover, there is no need to visit public pools and open beaches at this time. After all, even a dubious result of a reaction to tuberculosis will require additional examination by a specialist.

What to do with a positive reaction

What to do if the reaction to the introduction of "Diaskintest" is positive in an adult? Of course, you need to undergo a complete examination for tuberculosis. This can be X-ray studies or laboratory tests, including the Mantoux test. Although Diaskintest is usually prescribed after the Mantoux test or if there are contraindications to it, as an alternative study.

What to do if "Diaskintest" is positive in a child, because he cannot have fluorography? In such cases, an X-ray of the lungs is taken, since the radiation dose with it is less, and the structure of the lungs is better visible. In addition, when the risk of getting sick exceeds the risk of a medical examination, then X-rays are prescribed according to strict indications, even for pregnant women.

There are also other safe tests that a phthisiatrician can prescribe after an examination. After all, a clinical examination at good doctor can immediately indicate the presence of tuberculosis.

Of course, preventive examinations are always voluntary, and no one, by law, can force you to take them. But if you consider elevated level the incidence of tuberculosis, the duration of treatment and the possibility of relapse, then for the sake of your health and the health of the people around you, you cannot refuse such safe manipulations as the Mantoux test or Diaskintest to avoid possible consequences and complications.

You can rate the article:

Why can't you take blood and examine it?

Anastasia, you can.

The child has both Mantoux and Diaskintest positive, and the PCR blood tests are of high quality. And the amount. The definition is negative. What does that mean?

204+

Hello, my daughter has a positive reaction. Before that, they made diaskin - 20 mm papule, after that they drank pills and diaskin every 3 months. Gradually, the size of the papule decreased to 10 mm. The tablets were drunk for 6 months. A year has passed Diaskin 10 mm! What does it mean? There is no cough, but my daughter does not eat well, and her temperature is 37.0-37.2 for about 2 weeks! But plus also throat congestion. Lor prescribed antibiotics and gargles. How correct is the reaction, can we consider that there is tuberculosis as a disease?

291+

Mantoux was positive - they sent me to a phthisiatrician - they made an X-ray - everything is fine and immediately prescribed a diaskintest. Is X-ray less informative than Diaskintest?

352+

Diaskin can be false positive. Doctors still do not really understand it themselves. My daughter had redness, had a tomography scan, found some nodules in her lungs - she was diagnosed with focal tuberculosis. We went to Moscow to TsNIIT. Lay in boxing for three days on a diet. Diaskin was made again - stupidly negative. Now we decide what kind of nodules in the lungs. Phthisiatricians are like watchmen: if they clung, it's hard to fight back. If the child does not communicate with homeless people and convicts, there are no sick coughing grandparents in the entrance - do not believe the doctors!

113+

It's bad that doctors don't really understand anything ...
Nobody is going to see the ruler or the instruction of the child, except through an X-ray ...
And then the children rake out single crazy allergic reactions to these mantu and diaskins ...

If diaskin is sensitive only to mycobacterium tuberculosis, then why viral and somatic diseases, and even water, can cause a false positive reaction?

234+

Hasn't another safe preservative been invented instead of phenol? Or no one needs it? And if a child does this test not once, but 4 times a year, does the amount of phenol remain the same? Who conducted the research that it is actually safe even at such "minimal" doses? No one. Everyone is afraid of tuberculosis and stupidly turns a blind eye to everything else.

The eldest daughter, a constantly positive Mantoux, was forced to take X-rays every year. Once an elderly doctor was doing an X-ray, and he advised to collect all the X-ray studies in recent years to go to a phthisiatrician and let him compare the pictures. Allegedly, if there is tuberculosis, then during that time there should be a change in the lungs in the pictures, if they are not there, then the phthisiatrician should write a certificate that the child is simply allergic to Mantoux. And so it happened, we no longer did Mantoux and fell behind with X-rays. I write refusals to the youngest, one of these days I will go to fight again, because tomorrow they will conduct a diaskintest. I, too, want to take blood, urine, sputum and reveal the presence of the disease on them. Why harm a child with these manta rays, tests and x-rays?

157+

Tuberculosis occurs not only of the lungs, but also of other organs, for example, the knee, and how will sputum and fluoride help in this case? The blood may be, the level of leukocytes is increased, but otherwise only diaskin.

Flixotide (hormone) was used for half a year according to indications bronchial asthma... A month later, after the drug was removed, we got Mantoux in the kindergarten. By the evening, the bubble with liquid swelled so much that everyone was in a panic we were lucky with a Moscow doctor and treated it like my daughter))) I didn’t aggravate it further, and conducted minimal tests. Checked for allergens. In short, we are now 15 years old. And before each Mantoux takes antihistamines for some time. Everything is okay. But this year they want to conduct a diaskintest at school. Again, we do not know what to expect in the reaction.

How is March measured, diaskin - one papule or with redness around?

Don't settle for experimenting with children. This is a hidden experiment. They have been doing mate all their lives. Why change the awl for soap.

Now Diaskintest is the standard for identifying patients with tuberculosis or carriers of this disease ... It is worth noting that we all carry a tuberculosis bacillus, but not the fact that we are all sick ... Diaskintest shows the maximum readiness to accept this disease by the body.

Hello. Please explain, if for an adult for the presence or absence of tuberculosis disease it is enough to be examined once every 2 years (fluorography), except for cases when fluorography is required once every 1 year, then why children are examined every year, injecting phenol and alien proteins that are part of mantu and diaskintest ??? .. Is it really impossible to limit yourself to a survey 1 time in 2 years as in adults ???

Diaskintest is a method of preventive diagnosis of the presence of an active form of the causative agent of tuberculosis in people, which indicates an onset of the disease. It is a subcutaneous test, which is put and checked according to the principle of mantoux, but mantoux contains tuberculin, while diaskintest bases its action on antigens to tuberculosis.

Tuberculin is a substance obtained from killed tuberculosis bacteria by heating. Those. when heated, tuberculosis bacteria are killed, filtered to obtain a pure protein bacterial substance, and then injected subcutaneously to check for recognition by the body. A test is considered positive if the person's immune system is familiar with the bacterial substance, therefore, there are tuberculosis bacteria in the body.

The disadvantage of the tuberculin test is that it shows the presence of any tuberculosis bacteria in the body, which are dormant in the blood of about 30 to 90% of people, which is due to the unprecedented vitality of Koch's bacillus, its ability to be preserved for a long time and transmitted over long distances. However, sleeping tuberculosis is absolutely harmless, does not cause disease, and can only wake up when certain conditions occur.

Antigens are proteins that produce certain immune cells against any foreign microorganisms in the human blood in order to mark them for type II immune cells, which calculate harmful bacteria by these marks and devour them. Relatively recently, Russian scientists managed to artificially obtain antigens specifically for the active form of tuberculosis, disease causing which are injected subcutaneously and cause a certain reaction immune system a person, if any are present there. It is according to the results of the body's reaction to these substances that the method of checking the diaskintest is based.

What is the result of diaskintest

The reaction to diaskintest is a small local allergic reaction in the form of a red spot and papule. What is a papule with diaskintest? This seal different sizes, depending on the intensity of the reaction, with a small hill at the injection site, which is popularly called a button, a lump, etc.

It is the papule, the formation of which depends precisely on the production of its antigens, that is the only criterion by which the doctor will read the diaskintest, like a litmus that reacts to the onset of tuberculosis.

Redness is a local allergy and has nothing to do with the results. Ideally, it should not exceed the size of a papule, but it can reach very large sizes, have blisters or cover, in general, the whole body with spots, if the subject is severely allergic to the components of the diaskintest. Allergy does not cancel the result of the diaskintest, except for those cases when its manifestation does not allow papule to be considered at all.

How is the result of diaskintest checked

You can check Diaskintest only 72 hours after the test (about the third, in the extreme case, the fourth day). An earlier result may be erroneous due to an excessively violent reaction of the body, and a later result may be due to attenuation and gradual disappearance of the reaction.

The doctor checks the diaskintest as a mantu using a ruler with millimeter divisions, measuring the papule directly. The millimeter diameter of a papule is the result of a tuberculosis test.

If there is no papule, then such a result is considered negative, and the subject is absolutely healthy. A tiny papule of less than four millimeters is considered a controversial result between negative and positive, and most often such a result is considered negative when the patient's history is examined in detail, or a repeated test is prescribed after a certain time. A papule of more than four millimeters indicates infection with tuberculosis, moreover, its active disease-causing form and requires urgent action.

How to read a diaskintest yourself

How to determine the result of diaskintest yourself if you do not have the opportunity to come to the appointment on time and show it, you can ask your doctor. This procedure is extremely simple and not a secret.

You need to take a regular ruler with the correct millimeter division and measure the papule at the widest part. If there is no papule at all, and all the rules for conducting the test were observed, then you can rejoice: there is no tuberculosis.

If there is a papule, but less than four millimeters, then there is no reason for panic, but it urgently needs to be shown to the doctor. If it is impossible to show the doctor, you can use a transparent millimeter ruler, on which you can sketch your translucent papule with a permanent marker, so that you can then clearly explain to the doctor. When self-assessing the result, it is also better to write down the boundaries of redness.

If the papule is larger, then its size will indicate the intensity of the infection:

1. 4-5 mm - weak, the pathogen has just entered the bloodstream, it is urgent to see a doctor for a more complete examination, the appointment of preventive or special treatment.
2. 6-9 mm - moderate, the disease has already begun to develop, it is urgent to start treatment.
3. From 10 mm - pronounced, which means that tuberculosis has fully settled in the body and immediate measures are required.

Self-assessment of the result of diaskintest is a simple matter, however, it must be remembered that a person without medical education may be biased and incorrectly assess the result, aggravated by a violation of the rules of conduct on time or after the sample is set, and allergic reactions... An experienced doctor is able to extract much more information from the result, as well as conduct additional examination and prescribe treatment on the spot. The presence of a papule of any size is considered a positive result and requires an urgent visit to the phthisiatrician.