Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a common condition endocrine system human, which occurs in people with impaired metabolism and overweight. Cases of the disease are recorded in people over 35-40 years old.

The blood sugar of a person with diabetes is permanently elevated. This is due to insufficient cellular susceptibility to glucose ingested with food. Have healthy person this substance is completely absorbed by the cells and transformed into energy. This physiological process does not take place without the insulin produced by the pancreas.

In type 2 diabetes, insulin production is normal, but the cell membrane does not allow glucose to pass into the cell apparatus. The pancreas continues to produce insulin, but the cells do not respond to it. Thereafter, insulin production is minimized.

The disease requires attention and adequate treatment, otherwise the person will die. Diabetes mellitus of the second type has a devastating effect on the elasticity of blood vessels, sexual and reproductive functions, liver, kidneys and visual apparatus. But in order for a person to live long and fully, he needs to be comprehensively treated. Diabetics are shown taking antihyperglycemic drugs, an active lifestyle and a special diet.

The need for a diet

Type II diabetes mellitus is not permanently curable. But diabetics have a chance for a fulfilling life. The type 2 diabetes diet is included in general treatment diseases. In medicine, this food system is called diet number 9. It fully complies with the principles of a healthy diet:

• energy value sufficient for full-fledged life;
• fractional food intake;
• correct drinking regime;
• a ban on frying food;
• reducing to zero the consumption of food with easily digestible carbohydrates;
• inclusion of complex carbohydrates in the diet;
• maintaining an optimal balance of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a serious reason for constant adherence to therapeutic nutritional practices. The diet is structured so that patients do not have feelings of hunger and powerlessness. By following a diet, the risk of fluctuations in blood glucose is minimized.

Correct diet structure

The diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a varied and healthy menu. But when compiling it, they strictly follow the rules.

Protein food predominates in the daily diet. With this approach, patients retain a prolonged feeling of satiety. Lean fish, seafood, white meat and dairy products are a natural source of protein. The menu includes rabbit, turkey, chicken, rabbit, pike and cod. Dishes from these products are prepared by boiling and baking.

In the diet of people with diabetes, there are no all kinds of canned food, semi-finished meat products, fast food and smoked sausages. Fatty meat is also excluded. Broth soups are consumed no more than once a week.

Eggs are present on the menu of sick people, but in limited quantities. Preference is given to the protein part of the egg, the yolk is not often consumed. Eggs are boiled or made into a baked omelet from their proteins.

Some types of bread are included in the diet of diabetics. Allowed the use of whole grains or rye bread... The mass of eaten flour products does not exceed 300 grams per day.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 does not prohibit the use of dairy products. The diet of diabetics includes low-fat cottage cheese, kefir, natural yogurt, yogurt, beefelife. The menu excludes curd masses with dried fruits, curd curds in chocolate glaze, yoghurts with fillers and stabilizers.

Vegetables are included in the diet of diabetics. Allowed the introduction of juicy vegetables with a minimum starch content in the menu. These are tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, lettuce, zucchini, herbs. The consumption of potatoes, carrots, beets is limited to two servings per week, since these vegetables are rich in sugar and starch.

The type 2 diabetes diet allows the introduction of cereals into the diet. Buckwheat, oatmeal and pearl barley are used for their preparation. Porridge is boiled in water or diluted milk. The diabetic diet prohibits the consumption of pasta, semolina and rice.

Fruits and berries are included in daily menu sick people. Preference is given to fruits rich in vitamin C - oranges, grapefruits, lemons, red currants. Bananas, melon, grapes, dates, figs, raisins and dried apricots are absent from the type 2 diabetes diet.

The drinks

When following the diet for people with type 2 diabetes and obesity, attention is paid to the correct drinking regimen. The diet includes:

• still mineral water;
• berry or fruit compote;
• weak black or green tea;
• herbal tea;
• low-fat milk;
• cucumber or tomato juice;
• rosehip broth.

Sugar is not added to drinks. Type 2 diabetes diet does not permit consumption alcoholic beverages, industrial juices and carbonated sweet water.

Approximate daily menu

An example of a menu for people with diabetes:

1. Breakfast: protein dish. An omelet made from proteins of two eggs or milk oatmeal is offered.
2. Snack: large sweet and sour apple or a yoghurt salad made from diet-approved fruits.
3. Lunch: salad of cucumbers and tomatoes, cereal soup, chicken breast with buckwheat porridge.
4. Snack: low-fat cottage cheese casserole.
5. Dinner: baked pike with vegetable stew.
6. Snack: a glass of yogurt or low-fat kefir.

Recipes

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is not a sentence to a meager diet with tasteless dishes. There are various recipes for preparing dishes for diabetics.

The diet menu is allowed to include a simple and tasty dish of feta cheese and greens. To get twelve servings of the dish, take two hundred grams of feta cheese and one hundred grams of soft butter. Mix the ingredients and add three cloves of crushed garlic and finely chopped dill to them. Small balls are formed from the mass.

Diabetics are offered recipes for hearty and tasty meat dishes... Steamed meat patties are a good example. They are prepared from two hundred grams of minced white meat, twenty grams of white bread crumb, two tablespoons of skim milk, a pinch of salt and a teaspoon of butter. All are mixed thoroughly. Cutlets are formed from the mass and baked in the oven for fifteen minutes.

Zucchini and apple diet pudding helps to lower blood sugar levels and remove toxins from the body. For cooking, take one hundred grams of peeled apples and zucchini. The fruits are rubbed on a coarse grater. Add two tablespoons of milk, a spoonful of soft butter, an egg and a third of a glass of flour to the mass. The resulting mixture is transferred to a greased mold and placed in the oven for twenty minutes. If desired, the finished dish is poured with low-fat sour cream.

There are recipes for preparing dishes for diabetics in a slow cooker. Cooking with this appliance does not require the use of oil.

The grocery stores sell sweets for diabetics. Their use is allowed, but it is limited to a minimum. If you want to sweeten your tea or coffee, it is permissible to use stevia, sorbitol, fructose. No more than thirty grams of sweeteners are introduced into the daily menu.

Treatment with a diet will help a diabetic and obese person to normalize their weight and minimize the negative effects of the disease.

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinological disease in which mainly carbohydrate metabolism... The consequences of this disease can be tragic if you do not start treatment on time and ignore the special menu for diabetes.

Nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of this disease. Currently, diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition, however, with the help of a properly selected diet, its destructive effects on the body can be minimal.

Type II diabetes mellitus requires an individual selection of the menu, so if you have this disease, be sure to consult a doctor. The diabetes menu below is indicative.

The basic principles of the menu for type 2 diabetes:

1. It is necessary to exclude or a sharp decrease in the amount of simple carbohydrates in food - sugar, honey, jam, chocolate, cakes, cookies, marmalade, semolina and rice groats. Only occasionally can these products be consumed. Also, these products may be necessary to relieve hypoglycemic conditions.
2. The diet of patients should contain mainly complex carbohydrates, sources - grain or bran bread, cereals, vegetables, fruits and berries.

All fruits and vegetables are divided into 3 groups:

1st group- these are products containing up to 5 g of carbohydrates per 100 g of the product. This group includes: cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage and cauliflower, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, radish, mushrooms, pumpkin, cranberries, lemons, sea buckthorn, apples and sour plums. These products can be consumed up to 600-800 g per day.

Products 2nd group contain from 5 to 10 g of carbohydrates per 100 g. This group includes: carrots, beets, onions, rutabagas, celery, bell peppers, beans, tangerines, oranges, grapefruit, apricots, cherry plums, watermelon, melon, pear, peaches, lingonberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, blueberries, sweet apples and plums. They should be consumed no more than 200 g per day.

Finally, Group 3. These are products containing more than 10 g of carbohydrates per 100 g. It includes: potatoes, green peas, sweet potatoes, pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries, figs, dates, persimmons, cherries, grapes, raisins, dried apricots, prunes. It is not recommended to use them in the menu for diabetes, or it is extremely rare to do so. Potatoes are allowed in an amount of 200-300 g per day, taking into account the total amount of carbohydrates.

1. It is necessary to enrich the diet with dietary fiber. They are able to lower blood sugar levels and keep them at optimal levels. Foods rich in dietary fiber include fruits, vegetables and cereals.
2. It is advisable to reduce animal fats in the diet and exclude such foods as pork, lamb, goose, ducks, liver, heart. Use egg yolks no more than 3-4 times a week.
3. Protein should be present in sufficient quantities on the menu for type 2 diabetes. Their sources are: cottage cheese and other dairy products, beef, white poultry meat, fish, egg whites.
4. All the necessary vitamins and minerals should be present in the diet. For this, food must be varied and nutritious.
5. Any methods of cooking can be used, preference for cooking, stewing, baking. You shouldn't cook breaded dishes.
6. The diet should be fractional, 4-6 times a day.
7. For patients receiving insulin, it is necessary to record carbohydrates with the counting of bread units. It is important that the amount of carbohydrates is at the same level every day.

This menu is more suitable for patients diabetes mellitus Type 2, patients with the first type of diabetes should clearly control the blood sugar level, the amount of carbohydrates eaten and, based on these data, select the dose of insulin, naturally, under the supervision of the attending physician.

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