Beneficial features fern is primarily determined by the amazing ability to remove radiation, toxic substances from the body. The inhabitants of Japan were the first to pay attention to this feature: after the nuclear bombardment with living organisms, which survived them easily, there were ants. To be more precise, the species that feeds only on bracken ferns.

Subsequently, it turned out that of all existing varieties of this plant, only 2 are suitable for food, one of them is the bracken fern. It is used as a separate ingredient for various salads, as an unusual seasoning.

Bracken has a rather low calorie content, which makes it an attractive component of the dietary menu. By the way, many nutritionists successfully use this plant in their practice: they recommend that patients add it to salads and to meat dishes, drink useful infusions and decoctions.

The calorie content of bracken is 34 kcal per 100 g. nutritional value of this plant, miraculous in its properties, it is amazing due to an unusual percentage:

• carbohydrates - 5.54 g;
• fat - 0.4 g;
• proteins - 4.55 g

The rhizome of this plant contains medicinal components:

• tannins that provide excellent digestion;
• various essential oils and fats;
• flavonoids;
• bracken-tanning, glutamic, aspartic, nicotinic and hydrocyanic acids;
• alkaloids;
• starchy substances and saponins;
• riboflavin, tocopherol and carotene (found in young shoots);
• various enzymes, in particular glycoside and thiaminase (an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of thiamine).

The valuable composition of bracken is represented by the following trace elements:

• nickel and potassium;
• magnesium, copper and sulfur;
• phosphorus, sodium and manganese;
• calcium and.

The proteins that make up the bracken are somewhat similar in their properties to cereals (wheat, oats). But the most important benefits of fern are associated with high concentration biologically active elements.

Amazing benefits

Doctors have long and very successfully used bracken fern in their practice: the beneficial properties of this plant help to treat many diseases. For example, it is indicated for patients who suffer from:

• dry and wet pleurisy;
• headaches and chest pains;
• jaundice (Botkin's disease);
• aching joints and bone pain;
• diarrhea;
• tinnitus;
• malfunctioning of the intestines, stomach and spleen.

This is not the end of the healing properties of the bracken. A decoction made from its leaves and roots helps with constipation. The plant is also used to relieve pain, get rid of worms, and excrete urine (in case of impaired diuretic function).

By the way, people have known about the analgesic ability of this plant for a long time. Many centuries ago, fern was applied to wounds, burns, bruises. Moreover, he removed even the most severe pains.

1. It is especially useful for those people who lead a sedentary lifestyle. For example, he spends a lot of time at the computer or at the TV.
2. At the expense of the bracken, it saves a person from leukemia and radiation sickness.
3. In an accelerated mode, it restores disturbed metabolism, thereby contributing to quick and comfortable weight loss.
4. Perfectly relieves arousal nervous system and strong tension, normalizes the pulse.
5. Fully restores the lack of vitamins in spring vitamin deficiency.
6. Removes heavy and harmful metals, radionuclides, improves activity endocrine system... Human performance after the use of bracken increases significantly.
7. Bracken is also used for ulcerative manifestations, convulsions. He actively treats rheumatism, hemorrhoids, sciatica.

As you can see, the medicinal properties of this fern variety are truly endless. The main thing is to learn how to harvest the plant and apply it correctly.

Collection and use rules

If the fern leaves are young, they are used for making salads. In addition, bracken can be prepared for future use - salted or pickled. It is an excellent seasoning for meat and fish dishes. But the old leaves of the plant should not be eaten, they can be dried and further used for infusions, lotions and decoctions.

If a person is worried about sciatica, rheumatic and other painful sensations, plant materials must be steamed and added to the bathroom.

For the fern to be beneficial, it should be harvested in early spring. Indeed, in summer and autumn, it loses some of its healing properties.

Young shoots should be stored in the refrigerator, and no longer than 2 days. If you do not have time to use the bracken within the specified period, it will become poisonous and harmful to the body.

Harm and contraindications

Despite such an abundance of useful properties, bracken has its own contraindications. First of all, it should be remembered that this plant contains in its composition toxic substances... That is why it is imperative to consult an experienced herbalist or homeopathic doctor before using it.

The dosage should be observed during preparation medicinal product... If you ignore this rule, you may experience nausea, severe dizziness, vomiting, seizures, and severe headaches.

It is even possible death, especially if you used poor-quality shoots or fern leaves for treatment. Have you noticed any of the above symptoms after using the plant? Call your doctor right away and flush your stomach thoroughly.

We've all heard about the beneficial properties of the Orlyak fern before, but still preferred mushrooms. But in vain! Fern is much tastier and healthier than mushrooms! Many people often confuse Orlyak with other fern species. You need to collect the Eagle! Scientists warn that harvesting other fern species is unacceptable - they are unsuitable for food and even hazardous to health!
Look carefully at the photo and remember this plant!

The bracken fern is harvested in May - June. It all depends on the weather conditions and the place of its growth.
Fern Orlyak is a perennial plant, its height reaches 1.8 m, leaves are wide, similar to the wing of an eagle. Hence the name - Orlyak. Suitable for collection are young shoots of fern (the so-called rachis) 15 - 25 cm long.

They are very fragile - and this is a sign of the correct harvest time. If the shoot breaks with difficulty and without a crunch - such a fern is not good for food, you do not need to take it! Fern is used for making salads, pies, stewed and fried. You can find numerous recipes for preparing dishes from Orlyak on the net.

How do I collect ferns? I take ordinary polypropylene sugar bags, gently break the shoots and put them in the bags. You can put 15 kg into such a bag, no more - the rachises will begin to break and choke, and this is already a marriage!
I come home, unload the contents of the bags into the tub and douse them with hot water from the shower.

For what? I wash off dust and earth residues, grass, foliage and insects. Then in plastic buckets (10 liters) from under the herring, I pour salt in layers and put the fern. For 10 kg of fern, up to 4 -5 kg ​​of salt is used. It turns out oversaturated brine, which allows the fern not to deteriorate for up to 5 years and retain its useful properties.

Store it in a cool place, in a cellar, for example. Now about the implementation. In many markets in Russia, Korean salads are sold by weight. Among them there are also fern salads. These are your potential buyers of the Orlyak fern.

Salads are sold all year round and merchants need raw materials all the time. Bring them some fern for a sample, let them make the necessary analyzes and conclusions. It's all about the price!

In addition, you will provide your family with ferns for the whole year.
Article author: Sergey, site http://biznessknigi.com

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Mushrooms, berries, birch sap ... Here, perhaps, are all the gifts of the forest, for which, according to tradition, the inhabitants of the Russian northwest hunt from year to year.
I do not know why such a valuable product as bracken fern is not at all popular in our area. While, for example, residents of Japan, China, and Korea consider it a delicacy and buy from us for a lot of money.

Fern as food

For the first time, I learned about the suitability of ferns for food in Altai, where all the bloom of Soviet science gathered every autumn. Engineers from various research institutes, candidates and even doctors of science. All of them were heading in unison towards the small village of Shulginka not in order to clash at a conference in scientific battles, but in order to earn money by collecting sea buckthorn.

For one kilogram of harvested and handed over berries, they paid 1 ruble. One person, depending on their skills, could prepare from 40 to 100 kg of sea buckthorn per day. For vacation, one could earn an amount exceeding the six-month income of an average Soviet scientist.

There I also learned that in addition to sea buckthorn and pine nuts in Altai, you can also earn extra money in the spring by collecting the Orlyak fern, which Japan and China buy from us in huge quantities.

It turns out that bracken fern is not just edible, after salting it has an exquisite taste that resembles mushrooms and asparagus at the same time.

In addition, the use of fern has a beneficial effect on growth processes, promotes the development of the skeleton, improves metabolism, the activity of the nervous system, increases efficiency, improves the state of the endocrine system, promotes the removal of radionuclides and others. hazardous substances from the body.

Bracken fern proteins are similar in properties and composition to those of grain crops, and therefore are easily digested.
No wonder in our markets one kilogram of salted fern now costs 1000 rubles.

Bracken fern in the Leningrad region

A reasonable question immediately arises: does the bracken fern grow in the North-West region, in particular, in the Leningrad region? I hasten to please the readers of the site, the bracken fern is one of the three most common ferns in our area, and it is not a problem to find it in the forest.

But first, a little theory.

Only young sprouts of bracken ferns with a height of no more than 20 -35 cm are suitable for food. When its leaves have not yet blossomed, but form a squiggle characteristic of ferns.

This crucial moment in the Leningrad region usually occurs in mid-May and lasts until early June. A little earlier, a little later, depending on the weather.

It is at this time that the fern needs to be harvested. An additional sign of the fern's food condition is the characteristic crunch when the stem is broken.

A fern is never cut with a knife, but is always broken by hand near the ground. An edible plant always breaks easily with a characteristic click. If the stem does not break, but bends and bounces, then this means that the fern has already outgrown. It makes no sense to collect such plants. They will be coarsely fibrous.

The collection process is as follows. You walk through the forest, where fern thickets were noticed in the summer, find its sprouts, pluck them, cracking the stem with your hand near the ground, and form a bunch of such a size that is comfortable to hold in your hand. After that, tighten the bunch with an elastic band and put it in a bucket or basket.

How to distinguish bracken from other fern species

Here we come to the most important question of the article, how to distinguish Bracken from other fern species, among which there are inedible ones.

As I already said, most often in the Leningrad region you can find three types of ferns - bracken, ostrich and shitnikov. Moreover, the latter, among other things, is also poisonous.

However, I hasten to please you, the Orlyak fern has a very characteristic sprout, which is difficult to confuse with other types of ferns.

1. Sprouts of bracken fern stick out from the ground one by one at a distance of 10 cm or more from each other, and ostrich and shitnikov fan out from one point.

2. The sprouts of the bracken fern are smooth and clean, while the ostrich and dwarf fern are covered with dark scales and small leaves.

That is, it turns out that the bracken in the forest is quite easy to recognize. But it is much more difficult to distinguish an edible ostrich from a poisonous thyroid bug in the spring. Their shoots are similar in many ways. But such a task, fortunately, is not before us.

An additional landmark that helps to determine the type of fern can be the old, overwintered leaves of the plant, which are usually found around young stems. On them, you can see the geometry of the leaves, which is specific to each species. In the bracken fern, the leaves are more rounded, and in the fern and ostrich, they are more indented, and more decorative.

By the way, these dead leaves are the easiest way to find places where ferns grow in a spring forest.
It is even better to notice the places where the bracken fern accumulates from the summer. When you go for mushrooms and berries. Adult bracken plants look like this:

How to cook a fern

It must be said right away that in its raw form, any fern - including the bracken - is inedible. To be eaten, it must be prepared in a certain way.

Returning home from the forest, you should immediately start processing the fern. The fact is that the plucked sprouts wither and grow stiff very quickly. This process begins from the bottom, from the place of the break. Therefore, it makes sense to cut off 10-15 mm of the lower part of the stem.

There are many ways to pick up ferns on the net. Everyone gets out as best they can. But there was one most reliable recipe, prescribed in the Soviet GOST. It was on it that the fern was salted, which was sent for export to Japan and Korea. Therefore, it would be wise to stick with it.

In accordance with GOST, salting takes place in three stages.

1st stage of salting.
Fern bunches are placed in a pan or barrel in layers, sprinkling each layer with a large amount of salt. It is believed that salt should be at least 30% by weight of the fern. But, as they say, you can't spoil porridge with butter.
A flat lid is placed on top of the last layer, and a load is placed on it, the mass of which should be equal to (or slightly more) the weight of the fern.
The fern container is placed in a cool place for three weeks.

2nd stage of salting.
After three weeks, the brine is drained from the container (without removing the load), after which the load is removed to swap the lower layers of the fern with the upper ones. If you first remove the load, and then drain the brine, the fern will draw in some harmful substances... That we do not need anything at all.
When changing layers, the fern is again sprinkled with salt, but in a smaller amount (15% of the original weight of the fern). And again it is put under oppression. The weight of the load at this stage can be halved. Every other day, when the fern secretes juice, you need to see if all the stems are covered with liquid. If the liquid level is not sufficient, a ten percent salt solution is added to the container (100 g of salt per liter of water). The fern should not be allowed to come into contact with air during salting. The duration of the second stage of salting is also three weeks.

3rd stage of salting.
All the liquid from the container with the fern is drained. Then 25% brine is prepared: for 10 liters of water - 2.5 kg of salt. The fern is transferred to glass or plastic containers in which it will be stored. And it is poured with brine in such a way that the entire product is covered with liquid. The containers are closed with lids and stored. In this form, the fern should stand for another three weeks. After which it can be eaten.

That is, the whole salting process lasts 9 weeks.

The shelf life of salted ferns is two to three years.

Before cooking, salted bracken fern is soaked, getting rid of excess salt. This takes 6 to 24 hours. The result is tasted.

I do not give recipes for dishes in which bracken fern is used. They are easy to find on many cooking sites. Here is just a short list of them: stewed fern with tomatoes, fern in dough, fern with eggs, fern in sour cream with new potatoes, fern stew, fern cutlets, pizza with fern.

In conclusion, good news. On the Karelian Isthmus, the first shoots of bracken fern appeared on May 18 this year. It's time to start harvesting it.

Valery MISHAKOV

This year, fern growth was delayed by a week due to the cold beginning of May. Several of my friends even panicked - they say, there will be no fern at all. But right now is the season. Last weekend my wife and I harvested 25 kilos of fern in four hours! This is not only for yourself - you will have to distribute, - said Pavel Zhirnov, candidate of agricultural sciences, senior state inspector of the Rosselkhoznadzor administration for the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Amur Region.

When to collect

The fern will be "in its very sap" until about June 10, and then irrevocably overripe. Fern sprouts (scientifically - rachis) must be torn before the first leaves are dissolved. Then the plant becomes too bitter, and no amount of salting will help, the fern will become unsuitable for food. Young, still not stiff sprouts should break off simply and with a slight crunch - this means that the fern is what you need.

Where to look

Traditional places for collecting ferns in the vicinity of Blagoveshchensk: hills along the Novotroitskoye and Ignatievskoye highways - in the area of ​​summer cottages located there, in Mokhovaya Pad. Of course, every experienced collector has his own secret places, but there are now so many of them in easily accessible hollows that will be enough for everyone for the whole winter, - says Pavel Zhirnov.

Fern usually begins to crawl out on the southern slopes of the hills, closer to the tops. But then, with warming, it descends to the eastern and western slopes, and even to cold hollows - here it can be collected until mid-June. Fern loves forest glades, and especially burnt forests. Where the last year fell through the forest or field, ferns are usually the most.

By the way, this is by no means a thermophilic plant. It grows almost all over the world, except perhaps in the mountains and in the deserts. In our Amur Region, it can be found even in permafrost zones, for example, in the Tyndinsky District.

We will not rip everything out

The collection of fern by Amur dwellers annually does not exceed five percent of the total stock, so it does not damage the species. But you need to collect ferns wisely, picking no more than one fifth of the plants in each meadow, otherwise next year your favorite place will be barren.

Unfortunately, the collection of ferns in our Amur region is not on an industrial basis. But the inhabitants of Southeast Asia are very fond of fern, it is present in the cuisines of China, Japan, and both Koreas.

NOTE TO THE READER

The Japanese taught us to fern

The Annunciation until the end of the seventies had never even heard of the fern. It was collected only by Evenks and experienced taiga people. But then the Japanese began to buy ferns en masse throughout the Russian Far East. Quite officially, through Soviet trade enterprises. The Blagoveshchens exchanged the fern for scarce Japanese clothes.

By the mid-eighties, almost every Annunciation family received six hundred square meters as a gift from the state. It was then that the fern entered our diet completely - collecting it near the site was not a problem. And with the appearance of dozens of cafes of Chinese cuisine in the city ... Now a rare festive feast is complete without a fern salad on the table.

What to fear during the collection

First, ticks. Now they are a dime a dozen in the forest. If it bites, it’s already unpleasant, and then there are specialists. Rospotrebnadzor found ticks infected with encephalitis right in the Blagoveshchensk region. If you are going for a fern, prepare well. Wear tight clothing to protect your ankles and wrists, and a hat. And use special anti-mite repellents.

Another danger, especially when walking through the woods along the Novotroitskoe highway, is unexploded ordnance. Now the DVOKU landfill is well fenced and carefully checked. And in Soviet times, there was a lot of shooting here and at random.

I myself, collecting a fern in the student body in the area of ​​32 km of Novotroitskoe highway, came across a whole clearing of inert shells from BMP-1 lying around. It was funny to collect bracken shoots among the shiny aluminum shell shanks sticking out here and there from the ground. I was told that a mushroom picker back in the 80s found a combat anti-tank mine near the village of Canton-Commune and managed to detonate it, shooting it from behind cover with a hunting rifle, '' said Pavel Zhirnov. - The main rule in such situations is not to touch! No matter how much I would like to see.

The fern is considered one of the most ancient plants on our planet. It appeared several million years ago. In ancient Russia, there was a belief that any secret would be revealed to a person who found his flower. In European culture, it was believed that he appeared thanks to the goddess Venus, who dropped her hair. A flower can be both good and bad at the same time.

Structure and reproduction

The plant does not have seeds, but at its base there are sori (spores), which ensure its reproduction. The leaves of the plant are pinnately dissected, vaguely resembling the plumage of a bird's wing.

The shrub has fairly wide brown rhizomes and many adventitious roots. Growing up, the fern reaches a height of 30 to 90 centimeters. Since it reproduces with the help of spores, flowering is not peculiar to it.... Ripening spores is only remotely similar to flowering.

Indoor fern

Thanks to its beautifully carved leaves, the flower is of great interest to flower and plant lovers. Exist several indoor types... Among them is nephrolepis, which has feathery leaves that grow up to 70 centimeters. And also - asplenium, which has solid, dense foliage.

When grown at home, the plant needs thorough and gentle care... It does not like direct sunlight, but prefers coolness, so the best temperature for its life and development at home is + 16 ° C. Water the plant sparingly, preventing the soil from drying out.

The most popular, in addition to those already mentioned, among the indoor species are:

• Maidenhair.
• Blehnum.
• Davallia.
• Dixonia.
• Platizerium.

Other species will be discussed below.

Far Eastern view - features

The plant also has a large number of wild species. Let's take a closer look at the Far Eastern species, also called bracken. This species received this name due to the fact that with a cross section of the stem, the pattern of vascular bundles resembles an eagle that spread its wings.

The bracken belongs to the Dennstedtiev family (the fern family of the Centipede order) and is a perennial plant... This fern begins its development underground, where leaves are formed - fronds (translated from Greek - "palm branch"), which initially look like a snail shell. Later, unfolding a little, the leaves take a hook-like shape, and only then, unfolding completely, they become similar to the plumage of a bird's wing.

The prevalence of bracken

Bracken is very widespread throughout the planet, but the greatest concentration of growth is concentrated in the Far East of Russia. He dwells in deciduous and coniferous forests, on open heights, in thickets of other bushes.

Occasionally, bracken forms dense thickets over a large area, dominating among other plants in the grass cover. In its natural habitat, it grows in almost any soil, even sandy and rocky. Bracken often grows in small colonies. This shrub has high degree vitality and even after a fire will grow in the same place.

Thailand

Thailand view is beautiful aquarium plant with several long rhizomes and elongated leaves of a complex shape of bright green color. Usually such a plant does not exceed 30 centimeters in height. For full development, he needs heating the walls of the aquarium in winter and cooling in the summer. There is no need for frequent water changes.

In good light, this species will grow large leaves that will have a rich green color. For this, one or two medium-power incandescent lamps and their illumination of the plant for 12 hours daily will be enough.

Indian

The Indian species is widespread throughout the world. in areas with tropical climates... This type is the most popular houseplant from the whole family. It has finely dissected leaves with a shade of pale green color. Often the Indian species does not grow more than 50 centimeters. It is ideal for small to medium sized aquariums. When the temperature drops to + 20 ° C, growth is significantly reduced, and the leaves become extremely small. It is necessary to protect this species from direct sunlight, but at the same time provide it with good artificial lighting.

Red and tropical

Red differs from other species in that its leaves have a reddish tint, which is characterized by a wide and large shape. In height, the red fern grows up to 30 centimeters. The ideal temperature for this species ranges from +20 to + 30 ° C. Such a fern grows slowly, but does not require special care.

Tropical growing, reaches a height of 20 centimeters and has a voluminous adventitious root system. Tropical species are divided into subspecies. Some, like vines, rise several meters in height along the trunks of neighboring trees, where there is a lot of sunlight. Mossy tropical ferns prefer dampness and settle in small depressions in the ground.

With their developed root system, they absorb a lot of moisture in these places.

Why fern is useful

Fern is widely used for treatment various diseases... About him medicinal properties Dioscorides and Pliny also wrote in their scientific works. Avicenna in the XI century created detailed description of this plant and how it is used to treat various ailments. This shrub and medicines based on it have wide range beneficial effects on the human body.

Namely, he:

In the manufacture of decoctions and various kinds of drugs, both the foliage and the roots of the plant are used.

They contain a large amount of useful substances, namely:

Use in traditional medicine

Fern is used in Chinese medicine as an antipyretic for hepatitis infection. In Indian medicine, a decoction from it is used for spleen infiltration. Alcohol tinctures are used as antibiotic.

Infusion from the rhizome in folk medicine helps in the fight against worms, children's rickets. It is also used as a wound healing and antitussive agent. Leaf decoction used for rheumatism, abscess and eczema making compresses.

Another decoction of leaves is prescribed in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases and to get rid of pain in the area of ​​the joints. The powder made from the roots of the plant helps to get rid of worms and improves the functionality of the intestines and spleen.

Eating

In Russia, Korea, China, Japan, in countries South Africa and Polynesia, young leaves and shoots of fern (rachis) are used for food as regular vegetables... Fern is placed in salads raw, fried, boiled, salted and pickled. And also used as a seasoning.

In the Kamchatka and Primorsky Territories, ferns are harvested on an industrial scale, and then exported to China and Japan in raw and processed form. In the Russian Far East, ferns are fried and canned.

In China and Japan starch is obtained from dried fern roots... The Japanese and Koreans make confectionery from bracken fern. The dried crushed roots of the plant are used to bake bread. Due to the fact that the roots of the fern contain about 45% starch, it is used in brewing and in the manufacture of glue.

The indigenous people of New Zealand (Maori) and North America prepared bread ersatz (surrogate) from dried bracken fern roots and eaten it raw. During the famine, fern bread was also baked in Europe.

Application on the farm

Bracken leaves are used by farmers to prevent decay. Veterinarians will use the fern in the treatment of epidemic diseases in animals and birds.

Bracken in the Middle Ages in Europe was used as fertilizer and fuel... Fern ash has a high content of potassium carbonate (potash), which was used in the manufacture of glass and in soap making. The bleaching and detergent properties of potash were used until the 19th century.

With the help of fern rhizomes, wool is dyed black and various shades of yellow. The leaves of the plant give the green and olive color used for dyeing silk. Fern is used as a repellent against bugs, ticks, cockroaches and flies.

Fern - benefits and harms at the same time

Despite all the advantages and benefits of the fern, it also has contraindications. First of all, one should not forget that it contains toxic substances... That is why, before using it, a consultation with a homeopathic doctor or phytotherapist is necessary. It is strictly forbidden to eat or use decoctions and infusions from bracken fern for pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Strict adherence to the dosage is necessary during the manufacture of the medicinal product. If this rule is not followed and the manufactured medicine is used, the following symptoms may appear:

• Vomiting urge.
• Strong headache.
• Convulsions.
• Dizziness.
• In rare cases, even death is possible.

If the above symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor and rinse the stomach.

Other contraindications

And it is also contraindicated to use medications, prepared on the basis of bracken fern, with such ailments as:

• Various kidney diseases.
• Stomach ulcer.
• Diseases of the liver.
• Tuberculosis.
• A number of different diseases that are chronic in nature.

Before deciding whether or not to start growing a fern at home, you should thoroughly study the harmful and beneficial properties of this plant.

Fern in popular belief

There is an opinion according to which the properties of the so-called energy vampire, taking away vital energy from the people around him. As a result, they become tired, sleepy and weak.

In ancient times, it was believed that along with the fern brought with him to the dwelling, a person brought with him various evil spirits, which later drew energy from a person.

In some cultures, on the contrary, it is believed that if a fern grows in the house, then it will give the home and its inhabitants peace and quiet... Of course, modern man, as a rule, treats such things with a reasonable amount of skepticism. Although, what to believe and what not is a personal choice of everyone.

Analyzing the information presented in this article, we can conclude that the fern still has more positive than negative qualities. With the correct and judicious use of this plant, a person can receive many benefits.