»Grapes

Grapes are a very thermal-loving plant and we are accustomed to what they grow in huge plantations, mainly in southern countries. But over the past few decades, the efforts of breeders withdrawn a lot of hybrid varieties that can be fruitful and in the middle lane of Russia, and even closer to the north in closed greenhouses. With an average ripening temperature, +18 o C can only be obtained for 100-110 days to obtain a juicy crop, fragrant berry. We will talk about growing and breeding such grapes.

Grapes - just that culture that does not multiply seeds, since in this case it does not preserve its initial genetic signs. Buy the finished seedling of a liberated variety is not always possible. That is why the most affordable and common the method of breeding a vine - cuttings.

Its accessibility is that at home it is very easy to save, plant and root the cuttings of grapes, prepare them for disembarking into an open soil or greenhouse. It is best to do this at home, because to start a rooting process should not later end of February - early March.

The most important thing is to choose a grape variety capable of good rooting.

Now, very many hybrid varieties have such ability, since the shilling is one of the main directions of the breeders. Most often, gardens of gardeners like breeding tables with excellent taste, sugar, large berries (preferably without seeds), with early or secondary ripening times. Almost all of these requirements correspond to varieties :, Pleven, and many others.

Features of cultivation

Growing grapes in a greenhouse or in open ground directly depends on the natural climatic conditions of the region. It is clear that in the southern regions in the open soil, we will have time to grow grapes not only early varieties, but also later. But in the middle lane, the suburbs and further to the north in open soils will cause only the harvest of the earliest varieties.

In those regions where summer is a short, winter winter, it is best to grow vines in greenhouses to enjoy the taste of berries for a longer time. But in the closed room, you will have to carefully follow the health of the bushes, microclimate, soil state, since cases of fungal and other lesions are spread much faster. In the closed space, it is easier to prevent the appearance of typical diseases than to eradicate them.

Step-by-step technology of growing grapes from cuttings

The whole process of obtaining rooted seedlings takes several months, but in labor intensity it is not very complex. Even novice gardeners who have decided to engage in viticulture are capable of achieving the best results, this culture is so unpretentious, although it requires a certain attention. The main thing is to correctly care and hold certain events on time.

Cutting and storage of letters

The very first stage - the billet of the planting material. During the trimming of grapes in the fall, when all the branches fruiting this year are removed, cuttings are underway. It is the fruit branches that serve as the best material for future seedlings. What is necessary take into account:

• trimming is carried out after the leaffall, before the onset of the first frosts;
• lose should be directly, healthy, light brown or sand color;
• the longer the cuttings, the better the reproduction will be.

The twig should be without visible damage, with light bark, on a cut - green, with droplets of liquid (juice) protruding on it, the lower cut is made direct, and the upper - oblique. The length of the cutlets is at least 40-45 cm, the cut diameter is 10-12 mm + 3-4 live kidneys with a gap between them 10 cm. Slices to do a very sharp secret or a knife so that their fabrics are not blocked, at a distance from the kidneys at least 2 -3 cm.

Cutted cuttings need to be prepared for storage:

• soak in cold water for 1-2 days, changing water 2 times a day;
• treat with a solution of vitriol or manganese (best soak for half an hour);
• decompose on paper napkins (towels) and dry well from excessive moisture;
• collect cuttings in a bundle, wrap tightly into a plastic film, tie, fasten the tag with a variety name (if there are grapes of several varieties, you need to store in different packages, since various varieties of storage are badly affected by each other); Instead of the film, you can use plastic bottles - to lower the vine through the neck and close the lid.

Store cuttings at t 0 + 5 ° C (a refrigerator is suitable, a glazed balcony, a basement).

Stored cuttings can both in the refrigerator and in the basement

Preparation for rooting

At the end of February - early March, they start rooting the planting material. First you need to check how the material has been preserved. To do this, the sections are updated, each at a distance from the upper and lower kidney 0.5-2 cm according to the oblique and direct method - they must be green and wet. Then they lower the cuttings into the water for 1-2 days (depending on the dryness of the branches), it is necessary to add honey juice, aloe juice or humate (1 table. Spoon / 10l water).

At the bottom heel, where the root growth will occur, the needal needs to make a few grooves with a depth of 2-3 mm and 2 cm long - this will help get a more developed, lush root system. The upper cut can be treated with paraffin.

Stripping in water

In the usual glass liter jar on the bottom of the wool layer about 2 cm, pour as much water (best - melt), lower the cuttings. The heel - the lower edge - should be in water at a depth of 4-5 cm. To avoid the dropping of the liquid, you can put 2-3 tablets of activated carbon, water to fill periodically. From above on the bank you can wear a plastic bag for creating a greenhouse effect, put on the windowsill.

Grapes, like any plant, for intensive growth requires an abundance of light and heat. First there will be twigs, and then the roots. So that the root system develops, the sprouts should be calmed, it will be enough for a busta one, the most recent escape.

Landing in a greenhouse or greenhouse

The soil for seedlings must be prepared from autumn, mixing in equal amounts of turf, peat, sand, overwhelmed manure or compost; The finished mixture is suitable. As containers, plastic bottles can be used, disposable cups of bigger, etc., make drainage holes. At the bottom of the packaging, some drainage pour out, then the prepared ground, it is gently lowered by a cutlets, sleep with soil, slightly (!) Moisturize.

The heel of the seedlings should be at a depth of 1/3 of the package, and young shoots above the ground. Approximately the end of May - early June, young seedlings will have time to be well rooted, develop full-fledged leaves and branches, - prepare for landing in the ground.

Rooting in sawdust or soil

In the southern regions, where already in March the soil warms up to a temperature of 10-12 degrees at a depth of 10 cm, the cuttings after processing and soaking can be planted directly into the ground - shkolka. The landing is made in the prepared, well-fertilized soil to a depth of 40 cm. The cuttings are stacked in the pits (or furrow), fall asleep to the earth up to half, they are good tamped, they pour out, pumped up the vertices. There should be 2 kidneys on the surface of the Earth. Focusing on the climate of the region, you can climb the surface or time to hide the film.

Another fairly common way to exercise cuttings is in sawdust.

Sawdles should be only hardwood trees, without impurities of harmful sawdust plywood or chipboard. They need to be disappeared before applying - pour boiling water, then cool and in deep dishes (bucket) first pour a small layer to the bottom. Then, in the inclined state, lay out sawdust with layers, having a cutlery between them vertically. After planting it is necessary to cover the dishes, put into a warm place and from time to time to moisten the environment before the appearance of sprouts and roots.

Proper planting seedlings in open ground

Technology, how to plant an outdoor ground. The finished root seedling is first prepared for landing in an open ground. For this, within 5-7 days, the seedlings in the pots are put on the street, avoiding direct sunlight. After quenching, in advance prepared wells lower the cuttings together with an earthen room, shine the holes of the ground, mixed with humus, watered with warm water. The main thing is not to bu in the plant and moist up to water. In order not to damage the roots when landing, plastic cups or another container it is better to neatly cut, then remove a seedling with an earthen room.

Next to the grapes planted in the ground, it is necessary to immediately fasten the support!

Greeting the grape cutlets, to root him and grow a sapling of his beloved variety of crispy sweet berries does not constitute a lot of work. This can be done both in a greenhouse from a polycarbonate or a greenhouse and open soil. Correct care to your favorite - and he will thank you with an active growth and rich harvest, literally, in two or three years.

• The trimming process is carried out in the fall (the best time is the end of September, the beginning of October).
• You need to choose the best bushes.
• Cut the middle part of the summer shoots of the fruit arrows (after the end of fruiting) or shoots on the feeding of replacement. At the best case, the cuttings must have a diameter of 7-10 mm, and the distance between the nodes is 7-10 cm.
• Clean the cuttings from steps, the mustache, the tops (unseen).
• Cut the cuttings with 3-4 kidneys.
• Soak in water during the day.
• Decontracted in iron vigor.
• Dry and, if necessary, march.
• Make the necessary sections: from below 5 mm from the lower kidney, the top to make the inclined 1-2 cm above the upper kidney.
• From the bottom with a needle or a knife to make 3-4 grooves 3 cm long. At the same time, it is necessary to cut through only a bark. This is done in order to formed additional roots.

Grape breeding in spring

At the end of January, the beginning of February all cuttings will need to get. Their 2 days are soaked in warm snow water (necessarily accumulated). Water needs to be changed daily. Then, for 1 day, they can be held in a special stimulant of the root formation.

There are several ways to extend grape cuttings before landing in the ground. You can choose for yourself the most convenient. The germination rate in any case will be approximately the same.

Method 1

• In a transparent glass (0.5 l), 3-4 holes are made using sewn.
• Pour a layer of 2-2.5 cm a mixture of grounding with earth (ratio 1: 1).
• To the center to establish a second glass of smaller diameter (0.2 liters). A glass should be hollow.
• Fall asleep space between the stacks of the earth and compact it, pour.
• The small glass should be filled with pre-washed and swap sand.
• Hiding sand, pull out an inner glass.
• In the sand, make a hole with a depth of 4 cm and a diameter of 1 cm.
• Insert the cuttings into the resulting hole.
• Hiding sand.
• From above, the earth spray sand and install a plastic bottle with a cut bottom and lid removed.

Watering is needed every day (or every other day at high humidity) in the amount of 30 ml of water. The bottle is removed after the roots germinate to the very walls and about 4-5 leaves are formed.

Method 2

• Cut the neck of the plastic bottle. Make in her day hole.
• Pour drainage and 6-8 spoons of soil mixture.
• Install the cutting into the bottle, while it should be slightly tilted so that its upper part coincides with a bottle height (namely the upper "peephole").
• Fly from above steedy sawdust.
• Cover the plastic glass and unscrew the "peephole" from the straight light.

The glass can be removed when the cutlets will not be placed in it, that is, in the phase of active growth.

It is necessary to water in this case through the pallets. At the same time, water is poured into it to a level of 5 mm, then the bottle is placed. It is enough to hold it in water for about 15 minutes. It is not recommended to leave for a longer period.

Method 3.

• Place the cuttings in a plastic bag, at the bottom of which lies a piece of wet foam rubber.
• The cuttings should be left into the foam rubber.
• Close the package and put in a dark place.
• After 10 days, the root starts should appear.
• Sprinkle the cutter into a plastic cup as described in the first way.

How grapes breed green cuttings

Grapes can also be multiplied with cuttings that are going for 10-15 days before flowering or at its very beginning. At the same time, shoots from routine and steaming (two-way cuttings) are used.

As soon as the growth of the cuttings must immediately return a sufficient amount of light.

After the cuttings are gentled by any of the ways, you can land them at a permanent place. But there is a second option: to grow seedlings throughout the summer period, and in mid-September, it has already to transplant the strengthened plants in the trench for grapes at a permanent place.

So, following these uncomplicated advice, it is possible without much difficulty and gardening skills to expand the plantation of grapes. As a result, it will be not only a beautiful "live" elevation, but also the opportunity to enjoy tasty and useful berries. Squeeze and take care of pleasure!

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Grapes refers to those cultures that have a wide range of applications. Berries are used in mature raw form, they prepare salads, wines, juices, as well as various desserts. A variety of varieties derived today allow you to use grapes in certain types of production of cosmetology, food industry, as well as in therapeutic and wellness purposes. The taste of berries differs significantly from nutmetic to the grained.

Due to the complex of organic acids and the rest of minerals in berries, this culture is valued by medical and pharmaceutical companies. Freshly squeezed grape juice is used by many people to increase immunity and prevent diseases of the head, accompanied by migraines. The therapeutic value of grapes is also preserved for many years. This culture is saturated with an indispensable vitamins of Group V. With the help of useful trace elements, asthma is treated, some renal diseases are treated, a number of syndromes on the occurrence of cardiovascular disorders are prevented.

Many gardeners plant grapes not only for eating, but also in aesthetic purposes. The grape arches are particularly popular in a conversational culture, when the vines with clusters and green beautiful leaves are glad, becoming an unusual living decoration. In addition, if the plant is grown with proper care, then the harvest is issued even better than in the beds.

Methods of breeding grapes

The process of breeding grapes requires some knowledge and skills, but not an experienced gardener can cope with this case. If you have conceived to plant a certain variety, then you have the opportunity to purchase a ready-made seedling in a special store. Another option is to find the same plant as you need, and get a landing cutter from it. So, you will be exactly sure that it is exactly the desired grade. Grow a grape tree in this way is not a big difficulty, but the result will make sure you. Getting your beloved variety is also possible by laying chains. Grapes brew and vaccinate. In all cases, it is implied by the allowable use of green pains, or harvested in advance, caused by vines.

If we talk about reproduction with gods, then everything is done very simple here:

• choose a few strong shoots, cut the mustache on them, leave three or four sheets;
• at the required distance, make thirty centimeter recesses for rooting the tanks;
• mix the soil with an organic fertilizer, humus, and pour back to the dumped holes;
• we need to insert with vertically, pour out the ground, pour twenty liters of water, and then fill the top layer completely.

The appearance of the crop should be expected in a year.

Grape reproduction with green cuttings

Vegetative reproduction is one of the win-win methods of growing grapes while preserving the most valuable biological material from the maternal bush. Green cuttings reproduction becomes affordable due to the high indicators of regeneration processes in the body of this culture. Suitable time for the selection of cuttings is considered the middle of the first summer month, when the steps are already developed enough. For those dacities who grow grape trees in the greenhouses, there is an opportunity to multiply green seedlings all year round. The main thing is that all the conditions necessary for this process are respected, such as: supporting temperature regime, acceptable humidity of air and soil, as well as maintain certain hours of lighting.

The whole process of rooting green cuttings can be considered step by step:

1. From strong shoots (steppes), those cuttings are selected on which there are no less than two eyes.
2. Each escape must be cut up so that it happens slightly higher from the eyes, and at the bottom receded to four centimeters from the node itself.
3. Pre-prepare rain soft water and put ready-made green cuttings into it.
4. Compost, humus mix with mole (one part) and fill the pots, or other containers for rooting seedlings. Many gardeners are reserved for this procedure with five liter bottles, which then do free top and several holes at the bottom.
5. Further, the ground in the pots are thicker to pour cooked water, a little tampering.
6. From two sides of the tank, you need to stick the wire, or take other pranchies. This structure will serve as a frame for weaving grapes.
7. When you take three pike stalks, then you will need to leave only the upper and middle sheets, and the lower - delete. If there are two eyes on a stalk, then leave the top leaf.
8. In each pot can be placed up to four green cuttings. Deections are made up to six centimeters to the ground.
9. The food film, or cellophane packages, will be needed for a dense cutting of the frame. Capacities with grape cuttings need to be covered with film and tight to create a condensate effect.
10. Finished packaged pots need to be placed on a flat surface in the southern side of the building and leave alone for twelve days.
11. After the expiration, you need to remove the shelter so that the cuttings are well ventured. And then they are watered once a week.
12. Finally, the film is filmed after another one and a half months, when new plants have a root and fresh shoots due to the formation of a hundred percent moisture inside the frame.
13. For sitting in open ground, a month is fits. For each seedling, it is necessary to make a deepening at least five ten centimeters and the same size of the stitch. In each well, it is necessary to blame the ground well, mixing it with organic fertilizer and stick one seedling.
14. We fall asleep grapes up to half the soil, water, and then we succeed in the top of the remaining land.

Rising strong seedlings will be weird in October. Grapes will rise and significantly grow up above forty centimeters. In this case, the method of reproduction of the cutting is always rooted and grow rapidly.

Caring for grapes after landing

As you know, grapes loves warmth and more sunny days. The rooted green cuttings must be carefully prepared for future winter frosts. Prior to the first cooling bushes of grapes should be covered with plastic tanks, before watering, exploding the soil. Mulching is also a recommended procedure, as it will serve as a holding cushion for moisture and heat. Prior to the occurrence of minus temperature, the bushes are covered with coniferous branches, or use sawdust and peat. Around the seedlings form a bulk slide from the ground to thirty centimeters up, thus protecting grapes from the root freezing. When the temperature decreases to minus seven degrees - the risk of stopping the growth of the seedling increases. The more severe in the winter in the region, the stronger the soil will freeze. Based on this, it is recommended to plant plants deeper, for example, make recesses up to five ten centimeters. Therefore, such measures are a guarantee that in the spring, the bush will already be with a developed root system and beautiful shoots.

How to fertilize grapes after landing

In the first years, the seedling of grapes, like any other plant, is necessary to root well, to gain a mass and grow strong shoots. This contributes useful potash trace elements. For the development of leaves, nitrogen and carbon components are also required. The bait are not prerequisites for growing grapes, but if you intend to get a delicious and high-quality harvest, you cannot do without them.

In the form of organic dusting, food waste (compost), the substrate humidia, or cow manure, also fit herbal infusions. Gardeners are often used by a bird litter and such a means called the EM-SILOS. All these baits are diluted with water in accordance with the proportion of one part of the fertilizer for ten liters of fluid.

As active fertilizers, you can use purchased biological concentrates to increase yields and accelerate growth. One of these drugs is vermistim, which is designed as a hood from biohumus.

It is desirable to add wood ashes to liquid bait, as it is a significant and valuable source of natural microelements for soil. The ash contains potassium, calcium, as well as those necessary for the growth of the magnesium and sodium plants.

It can be fertilized like this: prepare two buckets of water and one with a barking, under each seedling, alternating to pour all the contents, sprinkle aside and cover the mulch (if it was not previously). The repetition of the procedure is usually carried out in a month.

Nitrogen fertilizers are more often used for grapes in spring when there is an intense growth of shoots. Such combined watering should be carried out as needed, depending on the state of the plants in general.

Extra-corner feeder also plays a significant role in the formation of grape berries. Experienced gardeners argue that after spraying the leaves with special solutions, an increase in the volume of crop is observed, sugar is also rising. When such a feeding is carried out during the renal formation on shoots, the amount of inflorescences significantly exaggerates previous indicators. After extractive fertilizer, the weight of the grapes grapes is significantly different in the most side.

Vintage grapes - Independent stage in the life cycle grape vine. let's consider what are the methods of breeding grapes And carefully examine the features of each method.

Breed grapes seedlings, non-corrosive cuttings (letters), elongated cuttings, grains. But the first method is preferable. The bushes grown from seedlings are better developed, fastened fucked, more resistant to drought, frosts.

Vintage grapes

Cuttings can be purchased in nurseries or prepare from their own most damned bushes. To do this, with autumn trimming, the vines select the most healthy cuttings and store them all winter in the basement or pit, peeping with wet sand. Better storage temperature - about 0 ° C. It is impossible to allow cuttings.

For the rapid coeximation of cuttings and normal development, they are recommended special predetermined processing quilching. In the cuttings that have passed this procedure, whitish influxes are formed at the lower ends ( callus) And the buccorks are root roots.

Quilcese is carried out:

For 3-4 weeks before landing, the cuttings fade, sort, cut down from the bottom under the node and bind into bundles so that all the lower ends are at the same level.

Then the cuttings are pulled out 1-2 days in water and put tightly in pitched ends up. On the bottom of the pits poured wet sand, and on top of the cutlets are coated with a layer of the ground (8-10 cm), then fresh manure (25-30 cm), and then again the ground (about 5 cm). It is desirable that the dull layer occupies an area of \u200b\u200b1.5 times greater than the surface of the pit. At night and in cool days, a hole with cuttings should be covered with glazed frames, mats or any insulation material.

At brilliance, it is necessary to especially closely monitor the temperature under the layer of manure, where the ends of the cuttings are. If the temperature begins to rise above 28 ... 30 ° C, you need to reduce the manure layer and seal the remaining. In the case when the temperature does not reach 13 ... 15 ° С, you need to hide the dung hot water or add fresh hot manure and warm the pit.

Usually at a temperature of 20 ... 25 ° C after 12-15 days, pinch ends.

As soon as the soil warms well, getting started to land the cuttings in the shovel. The best landing time is the last decade of April. Save cuttings in pre-prepared ditch, the soil of which is exploded to a depth of 60-70 cm.

Support technique such:

The soil in the ditch is stirred with humus at the rate of 1 part of the Earth on 2 parts of humus.

The cuttings are installed along the ditch wall at a depth of 30-35 cm and 10-12 cm from each other. The upper 1-2 eye should be 10-12 cm above the level of the soil surface.

Then the ditch is falling asleep to half, the ground near the cuttings is covered and watered at the rate of 2-3 buckets on 1 p. m. When the water is absorbed, the groove falls asleep to the ground, and the ends of the cuttings are covered with loose damp ground with a layer of 3 cm.

During the summer, the soil 4-5 times loosen, we are stolen and watered 3-5 times.

In order for the plants to grow faster, they need to be filled before the first 2 irrigation (in June and July) diluted with dung alive or a solution of any nitrogen fertilizer ( ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate at the rate of 15-20 g per 1 m 2). In early August, a phosphorus-potassium feeder is needed for better aging of shoots ( superphosphate (20-30 g) and potassium salt (10-15 g) per 1 m 2).

During the years with a relatively cold and rainy summer for better aging of shoots recommended measking and chacking Tips.

By the end of summer, the seedlings are rooted and are usually ready for landing at a permanent place.

To damage the roots of seedlings as little as possible when digging and facilitating the work, it is necessary on one side of the row at a distance of 15-20 cm. From the plants to dig a groove with a depth of 45-50 cm.

Then, from the opposite side of the row of plants, it is cut off a bayonet shovel and with a lump of land to drop into the groove.

Seedlings are chosen by their hands, shakes the ground with them and bind into the bundles of varieties.

Saplings intended for autumn planting are temporarily sprinkled with wet ground, and those that will disembark in the spring are laid in the basement for winter storage.

If a landing material is not enough or obtained from very valuable varieties, seedlings can be grown from 1-2-eyed cuttings. They are better grown in drawers or small greenhouses.

Shortened cuttings need necessarily procilcevatb, and then planted in boxes with a layer of sand at the bottom of the box 8-10 cm, and above the upper ends of the cuttings - 12-14 cm.

After the frosts are minimous, abandoned plants along with a lore land, trying not to disturb the root system, plant in open ground.

When growing seedlings from shortened cuttings directly in the open ground, the thumbs are planted in the well-processed ridges so that the upper eye is 2 cm below the soil surface.

Planted cuttings first fall asleep the earth, and then layer sand or cutting straw. In the first days after landing, it is necessary to water the cuttings after 1 or 2 days, after the coincidence - after 1-2 weeks, and at the end of the vegetation - 2 times a month.

If the seedlings are left for the winter in the ridges, it is necessary to thoroughly cover their land with straw, reed, etc., first lay a layer of 10 cm straw, then the ground is 10-15 cm, and on top of the manure, 3-5 cm.

Vintage reproduction

For the reproduction of rare varieties of grapes, the method of Chinese chain is used. It is very simple and gives a lot of well-developed seedlings. For Chinese grooves from the uterine bushes, they take a vine and laid it, not plucking the eyes, in a groove of a depth of 15 cm, pinned with rods and fall asleep at 5-6 cm of loose fertile ground, mixed with humus, and wipes well. During the summer, the drains watered 2 times a month, loosen the soil and spray shoots.

As shoots grow, the groove falls asleep. By the autumn, each node forms a root system and well-developed shoots. In the second half of October, the tank dumps, cut off from the mother's bush, cut into parts (one node in each) and are used as a planting material.

Even the best results are obtained when laying the jackets not directly into the ground, but in the basket or boxes, depicted next to the maternal bush. In this case, the entire root system of seedlings is fully maintained, and they are very quickly crucial during transplantation.

Breeding grapes elongated cuttings

There is still a way of bookmarking vineyards elongated cuttingswhich should be widely used in the preservation of viticulture. The advantage of this method is that a large supply of nutrients in elongated cuttings provides almost 100% of their survival rate. Developing plants, as a rule, always have a powerful root system and grow very well.

For landing with elongated cuttings, the lines up to 150 cm long turnover, bind and stored in the basement. In the spring, immediately before planting, the vines are soaked 6-12 h in water and for better root formation plug ( blindfold) Eyes on the part of the vine that will be laid in the pit. Then the vine is given an annular view, for which it is wrapped around a log, hemp or buckets and bind in 2-3 places by urine. The rolled in the ring and the associated vine is placed on the bottom of the landing pit, and the upper end of the vine with two healthy eyes are removed upstairs and are tied up to a predetermined cola with such a calculation so that the upper eye is at the level of the soil surface.

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Want to have juicy, healthy grapes at home? Start with rooting cuttings. The correct conduct of this procedure will provide an excellent result!

Grapes are the fruit of health and life! One kilogram of freshlywater grapes provides a daily dose of iron for humans, as well as potassium, calcium and cobalt. But the success of the breeding of these magic berries depends on the observance of technology of cultivation. How to grow grapes correctly, so that he pleased with a high harvest?

Selection and preservation of grape cuttings

First you need to prepare cuttings. The billet of the grapes is made in the autumn period (from September to October) with healthy powerful plants. The thickness of the vine on the cutting should be 7-10 mm. We cut off the sharp secitor to the area with a length of 55-60 cm, we carry out cleaning from the mustache and the green mass. The lower cutting cut is carried out under the node, and the upper one is 2 cm above the eye.

On the cutting should be from 4 to 5 kidneys.

Already ready-made cuttings are drowned in water and keep throughout the day. After that, it is necessary to conduct preventive measures, that is, protect the cuttings from drying out and molding during storage. To do this, we place them in a 3% solution of iron vapor or can be sprayed.

It is very important that during the storage our cuttings do not lose moisture. To do this, we dip the cuts into melted wax or paraffin. After that, the cuttings are grouped into a bundle, they are far from the lower ends and wrapped in plastic bags, pre-marked in grape varieties.

There are several types of storage of cuttings:

1. under conditions of a well-ventilated basement at a temperature of from 0 0 to +6 0s;
2. in the refrigerator at a stable temperature (in the freezer or in a drawer for fruit);
3. in the garden plot in the pit dugged on a depth of 0.5 m. The cuttings are shrinkled with sand, covered with a wooden lid and fall asleep with sand. The disadvantage of this method is the fact that spring can be late and dig cuttings for rooting is often very difficult due to soil freezing.

At the end of February - at the beginning of March the process of preparing cuttings to rooting begins. First you need to check the condition of the wood. We carry out transverse sections and look if the vine inside is green and when you press the cutting of a cut from the wood mass, small traces of moisture appear, the cuttings were properly stored and "alive."

You can also make a cross-section of the kidney and make sure that it inside is green and healthy. If the kidney inside is brown, then such a stalk for further landing is not suitable. In this way, we check the vine and rebel the cuttings with blackened wood and not active kidneys.

Verved vines cut on 2-3 o'clock stalks. The upper cut is made at a distance of 1-2 cm above the eye, the lower is a bit of the neglection at a distance of 0.5-1.0 cm below than the peephole.

After that, the cuttings are 24 or 48 hours (depends on the state) are molded in the residual melt or running water with the addition of stimulants: honey (one tablespoon of water), heteroacexin, sodium humate, humisol and others. After soaking, we make another 2-3 longitudinal grooves on the core of the cutting. We label them in varieties.

To stimulate the growth of the root system, the drug "Korniner" can be launched in sections and grooves.

Methods for rooting grape cuttings

Examples of rooting cuttings at home a lot. Consider the simplest and more efficient.

Cuttings in water

We take half-liter or liter banks, on their bottom we put watts in 2 cm thick and pour as much boiled chilled water. It is desirable to add 1-2 crystalline to a manganese solution for pale pink colors as a result, and you can also put a small segment of charcoal in the can. This will prevent the rapid vanity of the water and its damage.

Strenniki by the bottom ends put into the cans and pour water to 3 cm. We put the jar on the windowsill and once every 2-3 days we observe the water level, supporting it. Even if you don't look at the jar at some day, and the fluid becomes less than the level, the wet wool will not quickly dry the seedlings of grapes.

From above, you can put a plastic bag: water will slowly evaporate and blooming the kidney will be good. It turns out such a mini-park

The lower part of the cutting should always be in a warm place, and the upper part should be more cool. The optimal temperature below is 23-27 0s, and at the top - 10-15 0s. It must be observed to ensure that the roots appear a little earlier than the kidneys will dissolve. How to achieve this?

Here are some techniques:

1. put banks over the battery, but with a dutched window. This is the easiest, but having a minus method, as it is difficult to control the temperature, especially if you have a lot of seedlings;
2. put jars on a heating film (for example, the "warm floor" with a thermostat), set the necessary temperature, and where seedlings - place the thermometers to control. Heat from the bottom will be maintained by automatt, and fresh air is a window;
3. to improve the first way to improve: put a metal sheet on the battery, and the banks are already on top. Thus, we get a constant heating from below.

After a half months, as a rule, roots appear. There is another important factor: if there are no roots yet, and shoots appear from the kidneys, then they need to remove very accurately. Especially the first, stronger. It is not necessary to regret, because as an actively growing escape can "pick up" a large stock of useful elements from the tissues of the cutter and they will not be enough for the formation of roots. Now we observe the appearance of the roots from our cuttings: at the beginning of a cut from the grozda, Callus burgers are formed. Of these, the roots are already formed.

Roots grow to length no more than 1 cm, otherwise, when landing, they can break down!

Landing of cuttings in the soil

No less effective is the method of rooting cuttings in the soil. To do this, we prepare the capacity of the volume - 0.5 - 1 liter. It can be cups of plastic, peat pots, cardboard bags or plastic bottles crazy in half. Land mixture is preparing almost air: one part is humoring, sand and garden land. In addition, 1 part of the purchased universal land mixture is mixed with 1 part of the sand. The land must be wet!

At the bottom of the tank laying the clayzit, a little land. We put a stalk (the lower cutting cutting cutting in the ground should be bevelled) and sleep the earth on 1/3 of the tank. For the right development, the cuttings should stand in the tank, do not fall. After landing it is necessary to pour the soil.

Instead of sand in the ground, you can add vermiculite or perlite. These funds will facilitate the soil and will well hold moisture.

Placed cuttings by placing on the windowsill, we observe the same temperature regime as when rooting in water, and we are waiting for the leaves!

Rooting on peat tablets

When the cuttings of the day or two were already clouded in the water, making cuts on them, we put in one end into the swollen peat pills. We wrap them in a wet fabric. Then the entire contents are placed in the cellophane package and tightly tied to prevent the tissue drying.

This method of rooting is considered the simplest, since the package with peat tablet and with cuttings can be stored even on the closet, without observing the special temperature modes. The germ occurs in about 3 weeks (sometimes 4).

There is one important point at the same way: the upper part of the cutting should be sealed.

After the specified time, we will be able to see how the tablet is still wet, and the roots are crying through it. Having a cutlets very carefully, cutting the mesh on the tablet without damaging them. A unique feature of this method is that the roots are already appearing on the cutting, and there are no leaves yet. This makes it possible to receive not stretched seedlings.

Moldavian fashion

Moldovan wine and juices are deservedly recognized as the best in the world. The versions of grapes were grown here, such as Concord, Lydia, Isabella, Kismish Moldavian and others. The technology of growing grapes is laid from the very beginning - from the method of rooting a cutlery.

No cuttings are taken for this, and the entire vine is at least 55-60 cm long. It is twisted into the ring, tied up with a hemp rope, so as not to be promoted and laid into a deep hole so that only one or two kidneys remained not surface. Above looking out of the ground the end of the vine is poured by the land of land so that the kidneys do not swam. All this must be carried out at the end of March. And by autumn, a powerful seedling is already developing, which next year will please you with the first fruits.

Note that with this method of growing grapes, the vine requires a very large amount of nutrients, because the root system develops powerful, along the entire length of the cutting. Therefore, it will be necessary to regularly hold the soil. Albina Kulabukhova, an expert.

Aeration of cutlets (or germination in the aquarium)

This method of extension of cuttings uses many owners of aquariums. The essence of this method is simple: the prepared cuttings are placed on the bridge of foams so that 2-3 cm cuttings are in water. In the water at this time there is a aerator, which is injected by air. Such a method (aeration) very well stimulates germination of roots due to the fact that the temperature in water for root growth can be adjusted to +25 0 ° C, and the temperature of the vertex of the cutting will remain cool. This will actively develop the root system, and the leaves will not be bought.

In order not to break the roots and did not overturn the bridge, the flow of aeration does not need to be done too strong.

Instead of aquarium, you can use absolutely any other capacity, preferably with transparent walls. You can choose for yourself any convenient way to germinating cuttings, the main thing is to get a great result and a good harvest!

How to prepare cuttings grapes for landing

When spring frosts and air temperature becomes stably higher than +10 0 ° C, you can begin the preparation of our cuttings for landing into an open, unlimited soil. The landing of grapes usually produce the whole May and finish at the beginning of June. It is impractical to be landed in 10-15 days of June, since the growing period may not be enough. Grapes can be placed in several ways.

We offer step-by-step instructions for the preparation and planting of grape cuttings, acting according to which you will get a wonderful harvest:

1. Cuttings before landing are obliged to go through addiction - acclimatization over the past week. To do this, in May (after frosts), we endure them on the street, to the garden and put in the shady trees, so that the straight rays of the sun have no access to them.
2. We carry out a check: a sapling should have a minimum of 4 well-developed leaves of a saturated green color. Pale green color, specks, yellow on the leaves, some lethargy indicate the disease.
3. If the container is a loose, and transparent, you need to make sure there are enough developed roots. They should be at least 3, and their length should reach at least 8cm.
4. Select location for landing. Grapes are a light-insulated plant, because smooth areas from the south, southwestern and west side of any buildings are preferred for its disembarkation, as well as the slopes.
5. Cooking a round or square pits or trenches of 60x60cm. Depth - from 35 to 50 cm. But you can do it deeper.
6. On the bottom, rubble - it will be a drainage layer (about 15 cm). Thoroughly and tamper.
7. In the crushed stone, the segment of the plastic pipe, with a diameter of 50 mm and a length of at least 1 m. Through this pipe, we will carry out the grape bush.
8. On top of the rubble, we embarrass: a couple of buckets carefully rewinded cowboat, the upper fertile reservoir of the soil (2-3 buckets) and the can of ordinary wood ash 1 l. You can also add 15-20 g of ammonium nitrate or 40-50 g of superphosphate.
9. Supporting the seedling at the bottom of the hand, put it on the bottom of the pits.
10. I fall asleep to the middle of the ground and fill there 1-2 buckets of warm water or a better solution of sodium gummatov.
11. After absorbing water into the soil, we sleep the remaining land to the level on which the cuttings grew in the container.
12. From the south side of the pit it is desirable to install a protective flare or fiberboard to protect against immediate sunlight. We remove this shield after a week or two.
13. Pour seedlings as needed, every 9-12 days.
14. With length of shoots up to 15 cm, the cuttings spray from mushroom diseases with such drugs: 0.3% Copper chlorofe in complex with 1% colloid gray, 1% burglar liquid.
15. 15. Until the middle of the summer, the most effective will be filing our shoots with chicken litter 1:20 or a cow 1:10.

When extracting a seedling from landing containers, it is necessary to maintain in the integrity of the earth and do not damage the root!

VIDEO. How to root grape cutters

Vintage cutting nuances

In the preparation of cuttings, minor errors are possible. To avoid them, you need to make the most important thing - it is to choose a strong vine. It must be solid enough, have a thickness of about 7-8 mm. An exceptionally average part of it is suitable for the cuttings, where the largest amount of nutritional trace elements needed to distilse, as well as well developed kidneys.

Also, one of the main problems of poor rooting of cuttings is the violation of the storage mode. Try not to allow both dryness and overvalued. Therefore, during the preservation of cuttings, it is necessary to follow, on time to ventilate them and moisturize.

It is very important in the process of rooting cuttings to monitor the temperature. If the indicator is below 20 ° C, then the moisture evaporates less and due to the root rotation.

You can see it to dry out the edges of the leaves, fading the top.

What can be done:

1. Stop watering until the soil drying.
2. Drop the seedlings, inspect, remove the rotor of the roots.
3. Process with crushed charcoal and put into a new soil, not very moistened.
4. Be sure to create heat!

If you got a seedlove and saw that the root system was completely rotted, do not dilute! Make a cut down and re-conduct the cutting of the cutting.

This information will help you grow a big and strong harvest of grapes, especially since all the tips are given on the basis of our own experience. Applying the knowledge gained in practice, you will be guaranteed to achieve excellent results!