Root nematodes - prevention and struggle.

"Relaxing" plants will help drive a nematode from the garden without the use of poisonous substances. This is a small enough, but dangerous pest. There are simple methods of getting rid of root nematodes.

Root nematodes are transparent round worms reaching no more than 1.3.mm, barely distinguished by the naked eye. Movable nematodes migrate in the soil. Root nematodes are one of the varieties of nematode (among them, in addition to pests, there are useful views). Malicious nematodes are made to divide depending on their habitat on root, leafy and stems.

Root nematodes are striking, first of all, vegetable crops. They live in the root zone or beyond and divided into three groups. Root gallium nematodes suck the juices of the plant and as a result of the secretions of their salivary glands cause the formation of gallopod-like thickens on the roots, which suppresses the growth of the plant. Free-lived nematodes are usually found in large and sandy soils. With the damage to these nematodes, the roots of plants become brown and dying, the plant begins to stick. Nematodes with the free formation of cyst. They lay eggs on the roots in the cyst size of the needle head. In capsuated form, eggs can be stored for years. The larvae penetrate the plant again. Eggs and larvae root nematodes can easily carry adverse conditions, but certain conditions are needed for their reproduction. Wet, warm soil. At low temperatures and in cold soil, nematodes do not multiply. Slightly acidic soil. Lime-based soil suppresses nematode development. Sand soil. Provides moving free-lived nematodes and satisfies their oxygen needs.

Against root nematodes there is no chemical means of struggle. They are more common on the soils used for many years of cultivation of monocultures. Crop rotation, cultivation of mixed crops, the use of plants that scare nematodes as plant sites, the choice of healthy or non-human plant-resistant plants is the measures that will help you prevent the spread of this pest. Sick plants can be powered under the root and sprayed with a solution of heterophos heated to 30 degrees, and I recommend to destroy perishing. In the event of a focus of the lesion, for at least 6 years, it is not planted in this area by damage to nematodes of the plant.

The action of plants in the fight against nematodes is different. Some expelled root nematodes by allocating products resulting from metabolism. Others, such as radish Oilseed or new varieties of mustard, although amazed by nematodes, but at the same time pests are so weakened that they are not able to multiply and die. Almost all plants overwhelming the spread of nematodes additionally have a healing effect on the soil. They restore exhausted soil.

Well, I still have four methods of prevention:

- crop rotation - means the alternation of cultivated cultures. The same vegetables planted on the same place in the same place in only 3-4 years.

Mixed crops - prevent the leaching of the soil and the accumulation of pests and causative agents in it.

Plant between vegetables plants-defenders, scaring nematodes, it is beautiful, and prevents an extensive defeat.

Radish Oilseed, mustard or a mixture of green fertilizers will help clean the soil from the pest.

Flowers that scare the root nematodes:

Marigold. Hybrids with small flowers and a strong smell are fatal for nematodes. Large-flowered hybrids with a weak odor are not suitable. (And the velvets scare the evil spirits, but about it in the section Magic in the garden).

Calendula drugs - the dedication of the roots is expelled and stimulate the vital activity of other soil organisms.

Gileland's roots are beautiful, as well as Koreopsis and Rudbecia, distinguish between non-emmatiquities.

Here is a brief list of plants affected by nematodes:

Garlic, onions - amazed by root nematodes less often, greater harm causes storm nematodes.

Beans, peas - the beans are amazed with stale nematodes, peas - root nematodes. The result of the lesion is the height delay, yellowing, fading.

Types of cabbage - amazed by cyst-forming nematodes, "bearded" spontaneous roots on which cysts are formed.

Carrots are amazed by cyst-forming nematodes, rooted gallium and free-lived nematodes. The result of the lesion is short root roots with many roots.

Tomato is amazed by root nematodes. On the above-ground parts of plants, leafy and storm nematodes are possible. You need to choose a variety-resistant variety.

Salad - amazed by cycling, rooted gallium and free-lived nematodes. They prevent the development of salad heads.

Potatoes - amazed by cycling nematodes. Root growths, choose a variety resistant to nematodes.

- Celery - on the roots and tubers root gallic nematodes and free-lived nematodes. Overhead parts are affected by stroke and leaf nematodes.

Schedule in the garden for the whole season:

In the spring, we prepare the soil - the soil are dripping, mix with the compost Ohm or organic. We introduce algae limestone in the soil or lime containing magnesium or stone flour. In case of severe damage, we use suitable green fertilizers against root nematodes. We grow endless to the defeat of the nematodes of the variety. We plant between Vegetables, Calendula, Rudbecki or Koreopsis. In the summer we check plants. The affected plants are destroyed, healthy feeding with liquid fertilizers. In the fall on sites that are strongly affected by nematodes, we plant the frightened nematod plants and leave them until spring. In the rest of the soil we introduce compost and algae limestone. In general, I generally cut the velvets and hammering with soil. But as they say, everyone has their own troubles. Good luck to you.

Nematodes are severe pests of plants. Nematodes can affect both garden plants, vegetable crops and indoor plants.

The nematodes penetrate inside the sheet plate through various damage, as well as the dust, located on the underside of the sheet.

Leaves affected by sheet nematodes are covered with dry necrotic spots of the wrong shape located in chaotic order. The leaves are compressed, wither, cease to develop, and according to the first signs it is not easy to guess who walked in a pot: just rainworms, enhitrauses, multi-ninexes disturb the earthen com or someone more serious. After a while, the leaf plate is thinned to such an extent that he shines in the light. The leaves will boil, dry out, die away. Usually, the damage to the nematode plant leads to the death of the entire plant.

Sheet nematodes are successfully winter in dry leaves. Soil for leafy nematodes - temporary refuge. Most often, the leaf nematodes are affected by the plants grown in the greenhouses.

To avoid damage to plants with sheet nematodes, do not use untreated garden land. Before applying the Earth, it is necessary to hire or disappear.

For landing, use only healthy plants, cuttings.

Spraying spend no later than five to six hours, the leaves after spraying should dry until the night.

If the air temperature in the room is strongly reduced, contain plants in dryness.

If there is still an infection of plants with sheet nematodes, such plants in most cases will have to throw out, because at home it is impossible to use chemicals to combat nematodes. They are too toxic for humans. Dishes and place where the plant stood to disinfect, handle boiling water.

Stroke nematodes - Fit-shaped round worms, small in size, up to 1 millimeter in length, can affect both plant stem and leaves, buds, flowers. The larvae of storm nematodes fall into the plant through the roots, can be embedded in any parts of the plants - leaves, flowers. Stem nematode occurs on vegetable crops: Luke and garlic, parsley, parsnake, tomatoes, radish, cucumber.

All types of nematodes, including stomens, isolated toxic substances that clog all vessels, cause thickening of tissues. The plant acquires an ugly species - shoots stop growing, in several places swatches. They will be very pale very much, then dry and die away.

At the very first signs of the defeat with storm nematodes of the plant, it is necessary to destroy, it is better to burn to eradicate the source of the infection.

Root, or gallic nematodes - Round worms up to 1-2 millimeters in length, affect the root system of plants. On the roots of plants in places of lesion, thickening are formed, or galls. Because of this, the affected root system ceases to function normally. Swimming first yellow, then with time brown.

The most favorable conditions for the development of root gallic nematodes are occurring at air temperature +18 + 24 ° C and soil moisture 40-60%. The full cycle of development of root nematodes takes place for 3 to 4 weeks. Depending on the temperature of the air and humidity of the soil of nematode can give up to six generations per year.

Initially defeated by nematode plants show signs of lack of moisture or nutrients. The plant looks oppressed, does not grow, the leaves begin to curl. In plants affected by the root nematode, grows up a lot of filamentous roots (root beard), because the roots below galls cease to develop, die away. But it is necessary to determine that this is non-empties, it is possible only to excavate the plant. Very often save the plant affected by nematodes is no longer possible.

However, I would like to pay attention to the fact that some plants on the roots there are thickening-bulbos, in which moisture and nutrients are reserved, for example, like a chlorophytum. But they have an oblong shape and light, white, like the rest of the roots. Galley, formed by root nematodes, yellow or brown.

Root nematodes applies through the soil, the remains of the root system, planting material, pots, inventory, and even with drops of irrigation water flowing from the affected plant.

Not only garden land can be infected with nematodes, but also other types of natural soil: almost all types of composts, humus, forest land. Therefore, if you use the natural ground for the preparation of floral mixtures, learn it in the oven or passivate on a water bath, because all kinds of nematodes are afraid of high temperatures.

Even purchased Earth can be a source of infection with nematodes, if the manufacturer has used a greenhouse unprocessed earth to compile mixtures.

Do not use an infected plant for further reproduction, even vegetative. Do not plant unverified plants, including cacti and succulents, along with other indoor plants. Such a common and well-known aloe is often amazed by the root nematode.

The larger the room plants receive ultraviolet radiation, the smaller the nematodes are affected. So in the summer more often take the plants on fresh air.

And one more note: usually nematodes prefer some kind of plant type. And only after it dies, they are moved to another type of plants. Endressing nematodes are most susceptible to such indoor plants as cactus, chrysanthemum, drazes, asparagus, ficus rubber, begonia, faath, phylogendron, cycline, lily, cyclamen.

Measures to combat root nematodes

Fight against nematodami can with the help of chemical protection of plants from pests. Associate spraying by such system and contact poisons, such as mercaptophos or phosphamide (BI-58, Rogor, dimethroat). Phosphamide has established itself in the struggle both against ticks and against Chervests, leaflerting, nematodes. On the surface of plants, phosphamide is rapidly destroyed under the action of ultraviolet rays, temperature and water, but inside the plant the drug retains its toxic properties up to 20 days.

Phosphamid-celloxic for warm-blooded. When using phosphamide in the fight against nematodes, you need to be very careful, and it is impossible to carry out such treatments in the room. It should be remembered that one processing against nematode will not be enough. The poison acts only on imago (adults), and nematode eggs remain in chitinic shells and are again displayed.

In detailed flower growing to fight nematodes and other soil pests, it is most preferable to use the EcoKel tank. Such processing are carried out 1 time in 30-40 days. During the vegetation of plants, the working solution consumption during processing is slightly reduced.

Basamid, Carbation, Nemagon, Vidaste, Nemaphos High-toxic poisons, and their use in the room is undesirable.

In the fight against nematodes you can use biological means. Nematophagin BT is a new microbiological drug of nematicidal action based on the predatory mushroom Arthrobotris Oligospora. Naatophagin BT is recommended to protect plants from soil pests, including gallic nematodes in a closed soil.

The principle of action of the predatory mushroom Arthrobotris Oligospora - the mixed gifs of the thickness of only 5-8 microns grow on the mushroom mycelium. These are such peculiar curb adhesive networks consisting of a large number of rings. Touching such adhesive network of nematodes sticks and is increasingly captured by the network. The absorption process of the mushroom of the body of the body nematodes lasts a little more than a day. Predatory mushrooms can develop for a long time as saprophytes in soil or on plant residues. Metabolism products highlighted by Arthrobotris Oligospora mushrooms also have a toxic action for nematodes.

The drug Nematophagin BT is introduced into the soil at a depth of 15-20 cm before sowing or planting plants, for vegetative plants the drug is introduced into the wells in the lesions foci.

Naatophagin BT can be used instead of similar chemical preparations of systemic and contact. The drug Nematophagin BT is safe for people, animals and useful insects.

Another way to combat nematodes is heat treatment Plants.

A plant hit by root nematodes, you need to get out of a pot, remove the whole land, wash the roots from the water.

The roots in the place of the lesion almost no longer function, and you can cut part of the roots with the gallas. But again, depending on what roots there are defeats. If you cut off most of the root system, the plant may not recover. Therefore, you need to look in the situation.

Then the root system, but it is possible to all the plant for a while, to buy in hot water with a temperature of +50 +55 0 C. This temperature for plants is safe, but for nematodes - is destructive.

All types of nematodes are afraid of high temperatures. Their vital activity passes at air temperature +18 +24 0 s, with an increase in temperature above +40 0 with nematodes are dying.

However, in the case of thermal treatment, nematode remains more stable. Therefore, heat treatment time can vary from 5 minutes to 20-30. If the water temperature is high enough +55 0 s, then the processing can last five minutes. If the water temperature is lower, the thermal processing must be longer.

After such treatment, the plant needs to be planted in a new earthy mixture, pre-mixing the contact poisons against nematodes in her. Since the root system in the plant is severely damaged, then the earthen mixture should be lightweight, water permeable, you can use the mixture of sand and peat. After the transplantation for the plant, you need to create a microclimate as in

Video about nematodes:

Golden nematoda potatoes

The number of eggs at one female reaches thousands of pieces, and when they ripen, the female dies and turns into a solid cyst in brown.

Stem

Amazes a variety of types of garden and garden crops. It is embedded in stems and leaves and multiply in them. There is a bloating and thickening of the affected areas. Plants become ugly, poorly grow and fruit. Potatoes are often infected from the royal tuber. Infected tubers wrinkle and boils what harvest significantly harvest.

Adults can move in the soil, or spread tools, clothes or animal wool.

Soil for this species is a temporary shelter.

Nematodes under a microscope:

Gallean (root) nematodes in the soil

Optimal reproduction conditions are 18-25 degrees, and soil moisture is 50-65%. Males nematodes are drawn and their length is about 1.5 mm. Pear-shaped females, and egg-shaped eggs. Each nematode gives up to 6 generations per year.

Winter the larvae in the roots of plants. Penetrating into them, form a swollen of 3-5 mm, after which the roots begin to rot.

Infection occurs, as well as other nematodes.

Nematodes parasitize in roots and overhead organs of plants. They are diverse, lively and very quickly. They can be detected only by symptoms that manifest themselves. And if you do not take action, the infection will spread, and there will be more and more plants.

There are only approximately thirty varieties of nematodes that can be divided into three categories:

• affecting plants;
• dangerous animals;
• representing a threat to people.

In this article, we will talk about nematodes affecting plants. Food for these pests is the juice of plants, so their growth and development slows down significantly. If you do not start the fight against nematodes in time, then the plant will simply die. Will give an idea of \u200b\u200bhow nematodes look like, photo in the soil. How to deal with these pests, every farmer should know. It is necessary to have a presentation and on the basic methods of prevention.

Description of external signs of nematodes

Nematodes are worms with a length of one to two millimeters. Women's and male individuals differ outwardly among themselves. The first possess a little longer length. The shape of the body of worms can be round, oval or oblong, resembling a thread.

Nematodes in the soil (the fight against them can be very diverse) are white and beige. The worms are well developed a muscular system and a protective sheath, which has high density. The head of worms is very small, has moving lips, with which pests and feed.

Nematodes are multiplied by laying white eggs that may have a round or oval shape. The larvae looks outwardly do not like adults, have a white head and a transparent body.

Nematodes, photo in the soil of which look very disgusting, have a well-developed tangible, due to the fact that their body is completely covered with tentacles. Pests prefer dry and warm microclimate, which is ideal for breeding and laying eggs.

Varieties nematodes

Before proceeding with the main methods of combating these pests, it is necessary to understand which kinds of their species exist. In addition to the main classification of nematodes in the soil (the struggle against them is a very difficult task), feed on plants, there are the following types:

• leafy;
• stem;
• root.

It is important to understand that any variety of these worms is dangerous for all plants. They can affect both garden and indoor plants. The vital activity of all nematodes is absolutely the same, however there are some external differences, as well as preferences on the habitat.

Sheet nematoda

How to find out about the appearance of leaf nematodes in the garden?

The appearance of nematodes in the soil on the household plot (the fight against them gives a lot of trouble to many gardeners) is accompanied by the following signs:

• foliage loses its normal color and covered with brown spots;
• the leaves begin to curl;
• packers are increased in size;
• the plant begins to grow badly and fruit;
• buds during flowering period are covered by brown stains;
• at the bottom of the leaves, glossy spots appear, which then become brown.

If it does not start fighting pests on time, then the plant will begin to gradually fall asleep and fully rotates. At the same time, to solve this problem, it should be used comprehensively, since nematodes in the soil (the fight against them is very complex) are able to transfer any frosts and the next year will begin to devour other plants.

• strawberry;
• chrysanthemum;
• room fern;
• orchid;
• money Tree;
• aster;
• dahlia;
• carnation.

Therefore, if you are growing of these plants, it is very important to fulfill certain preventive measures to protect against ematode protection. They will be discussed a little later.

Strong nematoda

Stroke nematodes in the soil of indoor plants are a very common phenomenon, with which many flower products are facing. This kind of worms grows in length to one millimeter. I am striking the stalks, leaves and flowers of the plant, falling on them through the rhizome.

The presence of these pests can be found on the following manifestations:

• plant growth slows down;
• the thickness of the stem is increasing, the color of which fuses;
• the blurred buds dry very quickly and fall out;
• in the absence of any measures to combat pests, the flower dies.

Root nematoda

The root nematode has the largest body size that has a yellow or brown color and can reach a length of 2 millimeters, so it is very easy to distinguish it from other varieties. This pest represents the greatest danger for plants, as it affects its root system. At the same time, the plant fully stops growing, and also gradually fade until over time and will not die.

What danger represent nematodes for plants?

Before discussing how to get rid of nematodes in the soil, it is necessary to talk about the danger that these pests represent for the flora. Deadly plants, worms along with juice pull out all the nutrient elements. In addition, the vital activity of these pests are very strong toxins that are poisoning plants that lose their normal form and color, cease to grow and develop, and also bring significantly less harvest.

All the difficulty of combating nematodes is that their presence is very difficult to detect in a timely manner. It is impossible to do this with the naked eye because of too small. Sheet and stem worms can only be seen through the magnifying glass, and the root dwells in the ground, so they will have to dig a plant at all. The root system in this case will be covered with brown seals.

It is worth noting that due to the toxic substances allocated by nematodes, burns and irritations may appear on the skin, so when dealing with worms, it is necessary to use clothing with long sleeves and gloves.

Pest Methods

Most effective means

Beginner gardeners have never heard of fulmination, which is the most effective method of combating pests. What is soil fumigation against nematode? This treatment of plants and soil with special poisonous substances and their pairs. You can buy chemicals in any gardener store. Experienced farmers recommend using the "non-infamos", "dymetroat" or "species", which spray plants. So that they effectively affect the chemical treatment of crops are best produced into a clear, calm day. If the plant was affected by root nematodes, then chemicals are bred by water and poured to the root system. It is worth noting that these funds kill only adult worms, so spraying is recommended to perform several times so that the larvae also died.

Other worm fighting methods

Alternative to chemicals are biological means. They are absolutely safe for plants and people, because they do not contain any toxins. One of the most potent drugs of this group is "Nematophagin". When using it, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the dosage specified by the manufacturer. Otherwise, the plant can burn and die. If you are interested in the question of how to treat the soil from nematodes with minimal harm to the plant, the biological means will become an optimal solution for the rescue of plants from pests.

When dealing with worms, eating rhizome, you can also use heat treatment. For this, the plant is digging, the damaged sections of its root system are trimmed, after which the rhizome is immersed for 5 minutes into water heated to 50 degrees. However, it is important to understand that if the worms managed to hit most of the root system, then this method can be useless, because when removing most of the rhizoma, the plant may not survive.

After the termination of heat treatment, the plant is planted for a new place. So that it normally passed on and could recover, the bottom of the wells is recommended to add a small amount of anti-beam preparation. After landing the soil should be exploded. This is necessary in order to ensure the root system with a influx of sufficient oxygen. This method is suitable for the fight against nematodes of any variety, however, in the case of deciduous and stem worms, thermal treatment of leaves and stalks is performed. At the same time, the plant transplant is also mandatory.

Preventive actions

So, the most effective means of nematodes in the soil - chemical preparations, but they are very toxic, so their use can bring both benefits and harm. Therefore, than to fight pests, it is better to try to prevent their appearance.

To do this, conduct the following preventive measures:

• regularly fight weeds;
• clean the fallen leaves in a timely manner;
• remove with plants yellowed foliage;
• perform a periodic transplantation of plants;
• put the land regularly;
• carefully choose the planting material;
• do not water the plants with too much water;
• each autumn is dripping the household plot.

Conclusion

If still the plant was struck by worms and it is not subject to recovery, it should be burned. If this is not done, then the worms will spread to other plants that can also die. At the same time, it is very important to detect pests in time because they have a high reproductive ability. Therefore, if you want your garden to always be in order and gave a good harvest, watch him at any time of the year.

Biological Description

The body in nematodes is small, white, not divided into segments, and folds from the skin-muscular bag shrouded with dense cuticle. Her mouth cavity is usually equipped with a stitching organ like a spear. His nematodes pierce the fabrics of plants in order to introduce grass enzymes and stretch juices. Adult units are postponing up to 2500 eggs, of which larvae will soon be breeding, different from their parents significantly smaller.

Nematodes can damage both ground and underground organs of plants. During the year several generations can be formed. Most nematodes are severe pests of fruit, vegetable and berry crops. In addition, they can be carriers of viral diseases.

• Males nematode mobile, unlike spine-shaped immovable females. Their body has a heart-shaped configuration, a length of 0.5-2 millimeters, narrowed in front and rounded from behind.
• The larvae resemble the figure of the male, but smaller. The opposite part of the body is more transparent and pointed.
• Eggs - microscopic, pale shade. The female individual puts them in the so-called egg bags consisting of gelatinous film. One such bag contains a huge amount.

Varieties nematodes

In this regard, vegetative nematodes are crushed into the following groups.

Stem and leafy

Sheet and storm nematodes provoke a belief-shaped stem, underdevelopment of the sheet plate and its design. The leaves affected by the sheet nematode are covered with dry necrotic stains of the wrong shape placed in chaotic order.

Particularly often leaf nematodes are damaged homemakers Sadovaya, Nephrolepp, Chrysanthemum. Stickless nematodes falls on vegetable crops: garlic and onions, parsley, parsnake, tomatoes, radish, cucumber.

Beet nematode

The beet disease, excited by nematoda, received the name of beet tensions (beetomutication) of the soil, since the appearance of it was attributed to the depletion of soil and depletion of it with potash salts; However, then the true cause of the disease was clarified thanks to the surveys of Kyun and others.

The damage caused by nematode is to pass the leaves and in reducing the size and weight (2-3 times) of the root of the plant, and the latter often absolutely rotate. The magnitude of the sugar in the sick burace decreases more than 6%. With the grand fertility of nematodes, it can be very harmful to beet plantations.

Potato nematoda

Development from the caterpillar to an adult individual potato nematodes passes in the tissues of the root (tuber) of the plant. Draw-shaped colorless males crawl out of the root. Females with the head end remain attached to the root (tuber); The bloated body, covered by thick cuticle, is outward.

After seeding, the male dies, and the female forms over 1000 eggs, which remain in the mother's body, becoming a cystic one after her death. In the spring larvae get out of cysts and are embedded in the roots of plants.

Potato nematodes suppresses the development of potatoes, significantly reducing the level of crop; With strong infection, tubers do not form or grow only 1-3 small tubers.

Root nematodes

The formation flows 19-45 days. The female inside Galla postpones up to 2 thousand eggs for his life. The nematodes forming in the egg will take the first molt in the egg, hatching, is introduced into the root and becomes rapidly the hosts of the host plant, transforming into a stationary female, or a moving male leaving Gall in the search for females.

Moderate humidity of the soil and temperature in the range of 20-30 ° C contribute to the growth and formation of nematodes. In some areas of breeding, soil levels 5.5-5.8 favors nematodes. Other factors, such as the type of soil and organic fertilizers, similarly affect the vital cycle of nematodes.

Symptoms of nematoda infection

Stem nematodes populate stems, flowers and leaves, initiating the thickening of the affected fabrics and organs. These representatives of round worms do not exceed 1.7 millimeter long. Stroke nematodes cause bloat on the stem and sweating of the affected parts of the plant. Damaged organs with time drill and die off.

Overhead parts of plants affected by gallic nematodes have external signs that can be attributed to the signs of a shortage of those or other mineral elements. From time to time and at all such signs of plants do not show. In the closed soil, with a powerful infection, the leaves are wetted. But it is fairly easy to diagnose infection by nematodes on the root of the plant: on the roots, most often in the places of branch, you can see galls - thickening, which in individual susceptible species can reach several centimeters in diameter.

Galla on the roots can be formed not only under the influence of gallic nematodes, but also as a result of the formation of bacterial infections, therefore, for the proper diagnosis, it is necessary to confirm the presence of nematodes in the roots of females. In case of melokdoginosis, through a binocular magnifying glass, you can easily notice the females and egg bags on the affected roots.

The principal element of the diagnosis is the presence of egg bags with eggs on the outside of gallins. Moreover, the largest egg bags are developing in small gallas and are almost not found on the Singallov surface, in which the entire cycle passes inside the root. Young egg bags of 0.5-1.5 millimeters, yellowish color, with time become brown.

Methods of combating nematodes

In general, to describe a different kind of nematode on various plants can be infinite, better let's move on to the story of the methods of combating this infection.

Folk remedies

The main and, perhaps, the only effective folk remedy for the fight against nematode "angry and cheap" - the soil shed on the eve of the dropping of boiling water.

High temperatures are disastrous for tiny nematodes and at the end of this procedure their number on the site is really noticeably lowered. It is only necessary to remember that for the real effect, the Earth must be hydrated with hot water with a temperature of at least 50-55 ° C to a depth of at least 15-20 centimeters. After that, it can also be covered with polyethylene to cooled slowly.

In addition to the soil, the affected plants should be processed with hot water - as a rule, it concerns the roots and bulbs affected by gallic nematodes. They are washed from the ground, and then soaked in warm (45-50 ° C) water for 10-30 minutes. In the role of a useful additive to this water, formalin can be made at a concentration of 0.06%.

Chemicals

Separate chemical preparations have a comprehensive effect, in particular, chlorpicrin. They lead to complete sterilization of the soil. Landing after processing can be performed only in a few weeks, and after using some in general only the next season.

The chemical method of struggle consists in spraying garden crops with chimperics for extermination of sheet and stem nematodes. To exterminate the root need to shed the soil with a solution of the drug. It is desirable to splashing and shed in dry sunny weatherless weather, preferably before noon or after 17:00 pm. The procedure needs to be produced several times, since the poisons act exclusively on mature worms.

The most effective chemicals are "dimethoate", "Bi-58", "Rogor", "Victitus", "Nemafos".

Apply chemicals is needed in accurately according to practical guidance, with the use of protection tools.

Preventive methods

Preventive measures are conditionally effective and means of combating nematodes without the use of chemicals. It:

• Compliance with crop rotation.
• The choice of hybrids and varieties relative to stable to non-empty damage (in particular, for tomatoes - Nagano F1, Evpator F1, Malik F1; for garden strawberries - festival, pearl, dessert, bump, rocket; for potatoes - scarlet, fresco, Picasso, diamond ).
• Scrupulous selection of a healthy sowing material.

• Heating the bulbs of tubers and tuberukovitsa before landing for 15 minutes at a temperature of approximately 45-50 ° C, or 3-5 minutes at a temperature of 55-60 ° C.
• Adhesive soil disinfection hot water, removal of the upper layer, pumping and indispensable mulching.
• Systematic landings care - thinning and weeding.
• Neat watering - on leaves and stems should not be preserved a lot of water droplets, because This favors the development of nematodes.
• Planting in the aisles of phytoncide plants that help scare pests, for example, vertices, or calendula.
• When identifying infection in the process of vegetation, the cleaning of affected and depressed plants made on time.
• At the end of harvesting, the cleaning of all herbal residues from the site, the removal (combustion) of the entire remaining infected vegetable material together with the surrounding soil.

• To increase the fertility and partial extermination of nematodes, a plot liberated at the end of the cleaning in August - early September, it is necessary to sing grain (desirable winter) cultures. Initially, the site is brushed from weed plants and plant fragments, the soil loose and only then fall with grain "corrosion", at a depth of 2-3 centimeters.
• With the arrival of stable frosts, the land together with winter people, making a full turn of the layer. Thus, it is enriched with organic matter and gets rid of a dangerous pest - nematodes, which in such unfavorable circumstances for it simply frozen.

There is no simple solution

Discussing the issue of effective protection against the spread of nematodes, experts of three companies noted that there is no easy solution to this problem. Complete programs that combine the use of biological and chemical nematicides, optimization of crop rotations and the creation of modern, more stable hybrids and varieties that do not infect nematodes are more effective.