Ivan VI Antonovich (1740-1764) - Russian emperor, ruled in 1740-1741. The throne joined 2-monthly age after the death of Empress Anna John. I had no children to have no children, but she really did not want state power to be in the hands of the descendants of Peter I.

From the nearest relatives, Mother Empress was only the niece Anna Leopoldovna (1718-1746) - the daughter of Catherine Ioannovna (1691-1733), an older sister Anna John. Here it was all the hopes of the genus of Romanov, who had not a single direct heir to the male line.

In 1731, the sovereign was commanded that the subjects would be fragmented by the future child, who will be born at Anna Leopoldovna. And in 1733, for a grieving girl found a groom. Prince Anton Ulrich Braunschweigsky became him (1714-1776).

He arrived in St. Petersburg, but did not like Empress, nor her yard nor the bride. For several years, he served in the Russian army, and in 1739 it was still married with a noticeably matured bride. In the first half of August 1740, a boy was born a boy. Called him Ivan. So it was the beginning of the Braunschweig family.

Anna Leopoldovna, Mother Ivan Vi Antonovich
(Unknown artist)

Entry into the throne of Ivan Vi Antonovich

He was in complete isolation and did not even see the persons of his guards. In 1764, the Podororuk Vasily Yakovlevich Mirovich, consisting of the guard of the Shlisselburg Fortress, gathered like-minded people around him and tried to free the legal emperor.

But the guards initially solenip Ivan the sabers, and only then surrendered to the rebel rebels. As for Morovich, he was arrested after that, tried as a state criminal and beheaded. The body of the murdered emperor secretly buried in the territory of the Shlisselburg Fortress.

Anton Ulrich Braunschweigsky (Artist A. Roslin)

Braunschweig family

Even before the link, Anna Leopoldovna gave birth in 1741 by the girl Ekaterina (1741-1807). Already living in holkemov, a woman gave birth to Elizabeth (1743-1782), Peter (1745-1798) and Alexey (1746-1787). After the last giving birth, she died from a generic mortar.

Her husband Anton Ulrich Braunschweigsky shared all the links with his wife and children. When Catherine II entered the Russian throne in 1762, then she suggested a prince to leave Russia, but without children. He refused to throw them alone in imprisonment. This man died in 1776 in Khlemogo at the age of 61.

Children lived in imprisonment for almost 40 years. When, during the board of Catherine II, an official came to them and asked about their desires, then the captives said: "We heard that flowers grow in the walls of prison on the fields. We would like to see them at least once."

In 1780, the children of Anton Ulrich and Anna Leopoldovna sent abroad to Denmark abroad. There they subsequently died. Braunschweig family after their death ceased to exist.

As for those who have accomplished the villains in relation to absolutely innocent people, they passed them to God. Retribution was accomplished only after 100 years old, when the emperor Nicholas II and his family were brutally killed. The punishment came, but the villains themselves did not go on the fell, but their descendants. God's court always delays, because in heaven its idea of \u200b\u200btime.

Alexey Starikov

Anton Ulrich (it. Anton Ulrich Herzog Von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel ; 17 (28) August 1714, Bevern, Duchy Braunschweig-Wolfenbuttel - 4 (15) May 1774, Kholmogory, Arkhangelsk County, Arkhangelogorodskaya Province, Russian Empire), Duke Braunschweig-Bevern-Luneburg - Father of the Russian Emperor Ivan Vi Antonovich, generalissimus Russian troops November 11, 1740-1741.

The second son of the duke of Ferdinand Albrecht Braunschweig-Tolfenbuttelsky (before 1735 Brownshweig-Bevernsky) and Antoinette of Amalia Braunschweig-Wolfenbuttels, the brother of the famous Prussian commander of the Duke Ferdinand Braunschweig and Juliana Mary, the second wife of the Danish king Frederica V (in 1772-1784 the actual government of the country).

When Empress Anna Ioannovna was looking for a groom for his niece, the princesses of Anna Mecklenburg-Schwerinskaya, then under the influence of the Austrian court she chose her choice on Anton. The latter arrived in Russia in early June 1733 by a very young man. Here he was introduced to Anna in the hope that there was a strong attachment between young people, which will overcome a more tender feeling. These hopes did not justify. Anna, from the first look, did not believe his narrowed, young man in a low growth, shame-like, and a very limited, but modest, with the character soft and militant. Nevertheless, this marriage took place on July 14, 1739; On August 23, 1740, they were born their firstborn Ivan. Soon the Empress was fatally sick and at the insistence of the Biron and Chancellor Bestuzhev declared Ivan Antonovich the heir to the throne, and the Biron was regent.

Prince Anton Ulrich was very displeased with this testament; He wanted to change the rocket decision, but lacking courage and decrease to take advantage of a favorable moment. He applied for advice to Osterman, a cabing, but they constrained him, although they were not boring. At the same time, but besides any participation of Prince Anton Ulrich, a fermentation occurred in the guard, directed against the Biron. The conspiracy was opened, the leaders of the movement - the Cabinet-secretary Yakovlev, the officer of Punchikin and their comrades - were punished by the whip, and Prince Anton Ulrich, who also turned out to be compromised, was invited to an emergency meeting of the Cabinet, senators and generals. Here on October 23, on the very day when a decree was given on the annual issuance of the parents of the young emperor 200,000 rubles, he was strictly suggested that at the slightest attempt to be sent to the overthrowing of the established building, as with all other issues of the emperor. After that, he was forced to sign the request to dismiss from their positions: Lieutenant Colonel of Semenovsky and Colonel of the Kirassira Braunschweig regiments, and he was completely eliminated from the affairs of the board.

Biron applied with the parents of the emperor dismissively, openly insulted them and threatened to even take the young emperor from the mother and then send Anton Ulrich with his wife from Russia. Rumor about it forced Anna Leopoldovna to decide on a desperate step. She applied for help to Field Marshal, and the last 8 November put a rapid end of the Biron domination. All this, apparently, occurred in addition to any participation and knowledge of Prince Anton Ulrich. The regency has passed to Anna Leopoldna, Anton Ulrich, on November 11, was proclaimed by Generalissimus of Russian troops.

But the reign of Anna Leopoldovna continued not long. Palace coup, produced on the night from 5 to 6 December 1741, built the throne Elizabeth Petrovna. The latter first limited himself to the decision to send Braunschweig surname from the limits of Russia; The Anton Family was already on the road abroad, but unexpectedly arrested, enclosed in the Riga fortress, from there was transferred to Dynamyund and Rannburg and, finally, on November 9, 1744, sharpened in the Arkhangelsk provincial holkemogs. In addition to the firstborn of Ivan, killed in 1764 in the Shlisselburg Fortress, Anna had four children: two daughters - Catherine and Elizabeth and two sons - Peter and Alexey. The first one was born even before the link on July 26, 1741, the second in Dynamyund, and Princes Peter and Alexey were already born in holkemogors. The birth of the last of them was worth Anne's life (February 28, 1746) - after childbirth, she died from her husband's maternity.

The conclusion of the Anton Ulrich family in Khlemologies was full of deprivation; Often she needed the most needed. To observe them, the headquarters officer with the team was determined; Served them with several men and women from a simple title. Any message with outsiders was strictly prohibited; Only the Archangel governor had a command to visit them at times to infurge about their condition. Pupils together with commoners, the children of Anton Ulrich did not know another language except Russian. For the maintenance of the Brownshweig name, on a salary attached to them, and for the repair of the house, which they occupied, was not appointed a certain amount; But it was released from the Arkhangelsk Treasury from 10 to 15 thousand rubles annually.

Following the wearing the throne of Catherine II Anton Ulrich, it was proposed to be removed from Russia, leaving only children in holkemors; But he chose a lonely freedom. Having lost sight, he died on May 4, 1774. The burial place is unknown. Archival documents show that his body on the night from the 5th to the 6th was put in a coffin, an insult of black cloth with a silver pose, and was quietly buried at the nearest cemetery inside the fence of the house, where he was kept in the presence of a guard soldier alone, which Strumbering was not allowed to talk about the burial site.

In 2007, the media appeared information about discovery in holkemors, which, presumably, could belong to Anton Ulrich.

Main article: Braunschweig family

Finally, in 1780, at the request of the Danish Queen of Juliana-Mary, Sisters Anton Ulrich, Catherine II decided to alleviate the fate of his children, sending them to the Danish possessions, where they were appointed to resolute the town of Horsens in Jutland. On the night of June 27, 1780, they were transported to Novodvin fortress, and on the night of July 30, the princes and princesses sailed from the coast of Russia, generously equipped with clothing, dishes and other necessary things on the frigate "Polar Star".

Wife: from 14 (25) July 1739, St. Petersburg, Anna Leopoldovna (7 (18) of December 1718 - 7 (18) March 1746), Recentsha in 1740-1741, Daughter Charles Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerinsky, and Catherine John Romanova

• Ivan VI (12 (23) August 1740 - 5 (16) July 1764), Emperor in 1740-1741
• Catherine (July 26 (August 6) 1741 - 9 (21) April 1807)
• Elizabeth (16 (27) September 1743 - 9 (20) October 1782)
• Peter (19 (30) March 1745 - 19 (30) January 1798)
• Alexey Antonovich (February 27 (March 10) 1746 - 12 (23) October 1787)

1. The remains of Generalissimus Anton Ulrich Braunschweigsky were found // Pravdrau, 07/17/2007

• Levin L. I. Russian generalissimus Duke Anton Ulrich (the story of the Brownshweig family in Russia). - St. Petersburg. : Russian-Baltic Information Center "Blitz", 2000. - ISBN 5-86789-120-8.
• The burial of the princess Anna Leopoldovna and her husband, Duke Anton Ulrich. 1746 and 1776 / Post. M. A. Korf // Russian Archive, 1870. - T. 1. - ed. 3rd - St. Petersburg, 1875. - P. 417-419.
• Savvaitov I. On the prediction of the Vologda Bishop Amvrosia (Yushkevich) on the marriage of Princess Anna Leopoldovna with Duke Anton Ulrich 3 July 1739 // Russian Archive, 1871. - Vol. 2. - STB. 193-200.

Partially used materials of the site http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/

One of the most tragic figures in Russian history was the young Emperor Ivan Antonovich Braunschweigsky, formally held the throne from October 17, 1740 to November 25, 1741. He was born on August 12, 1740 in the family of Anna Leopoldovna, the native niece of Empress Anna John, and Prince Anton Ulrich Braunschweigsky and died on July 5, 1764 in the Khlleshelburg fortress, where he was in custody. John Antonovich became the emperor under the ban. He and his family were sacrificed to what was customary to be called the well-being of the state, as well as the tranquility of those persons who stood in power throughout the life of the unfortunate emperor.
Peter the Great took continuous attempts to introduce Russia into a large European policy, not limited to only economic and military funds, he began to fix the filament of the political interests of the state by the bonds of dynastic marriages connecting the Romanovs with the houses of foreign rulers from Western Europe. The consequence of such a policy was the marriage union of his older brother Ekaterina Ivanovna and the Duke of Mecklenburg Karl Leopold, concluded in 1716. The fruit of this marriage was the birth of July 7/8, 1718 in the Greytoe girl, which was dubbed in Lutheran's custom and called Elizabeth Catherine Christine. The marriage turned out to be unsuccessful, and in the summer of 1722, Ekaterina Ivanovna at the invitation of his mother Praskovya Fedorovna arrived in Russia and did not return to her husband.
In 1730, the imperial throne took the childless Anna John, the native aunt Elizabeth Ekaterina Christine. From now on, a small princess began to look at the possible heiress of the Empress. The princess remained while in Lutheran religion and officially did not change the name, but they began to call Anna. Anna Ioannovna itself no certain intentions at the expense of the niece originally did not express initially, but in 1731 confirmed the right of the monarch declared by Peter I to appoint the heir to the throne in his will.

IG Vekhind. Portrait of Anna Leopoldovna

Later there was a draft vice-chancellor Andrei Ivanovich Osterman and Ober-Stall Macesister Karl Gustav Levvenavold, according to which Anna should have given out for one of the foreign princes, and her child for choosing the empress and independently of the birthright will inherit the throne. So Levvenavold was sent to Germany to find an acceptable candidate of the groom. He fulfilled the mission and chose two candidates - Prince Charles Brandenburg-Bayreit and Prince Anton Ulrich Braunschweig-Bevernsky. Anna Ioannovna decided to stop his choice but the second and invite Anton Ulrich to appoint it to the Colonel of the Kirassius regiment, determining the money content.

IG Vekhind. Portrait of Anton Ulrich (?)

Anton Ulrich was born on August 28, 1714 in the Duke of Braunschweig-Bevernsky Ferdinand Albrecht II and his wife Antoinette Amalia. He was the second son, the families of the family were small, so the trip to Russia and the possibility of marriage on the nephew of the Empress were perceived as a smile of fortune. The official reason for the trip was the receipt of the Russian military service. In St. Petersburg, the prince arrived on February 3/14, 1733. For the residence of Anton Ulrich was prepared located near the royal palace Chernyshev. Empress, Duchess Mecklenburg Ekaterina Ivanovna and even Elizabeth herself Ekaterina Christine accepted him quite favorably. The prince studied the Russian language and the other necessary sciences, one of his teachers is called the poet of Trediakovsky. Soon he switched to Orthodoxy. But the case with marriage for various reasons was not laid. Yes, and the alleged bride itself did not feed to Anton Ulrich delicate feelings and in 1735 he was fascinated by the Saxon Messenger by the Graph Moritz Linar. In order to avoid a major scandal, the empress sent an educator of Princess Madame D'Fader, patronized by this hobby. Linar was also withdrawn from St. Petersburg.
In 1737, the Prince went to his first military campaign against the Turks as a simple volunteer under the command of Field Marshal Miniha. In his report on the session of the minih, he wrote that Anton Ulrich showed uncomfortable courage and was in the very center of battle. After that, the prince entrusted the reputation of a fearless warrior. In 1738, the Empress complained to him the Higher Order of the Empire - the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, he was also produced in the Premier Majors of the Guards Semenovsky Regiment. In the same year, the prince went to a new campaign, and in his retinue was driving the famous Karl Jeronimus von Münhgausen. The prince again participated in battles, and in a battle near the river Billoch, his shelves covered the right flank of Russian artillery, who did not have time to take a combat position.
However, Princess Anna remained cold to Anton Ulrich, and did not go with marriage. The impetus to the junction gave an attempt to be a favorite of the Empress of Biron to marry on Anna his eldest son of Peter, who, besides, was younger.

The princess insulted by refusal, Biron convinced Anna Johnnun to finally resolve the case with marriage Anton Ulrich. Began cooking for the wedding. On July 2, 1739, engaged in the high hall of the Winter Palace. The next day, a wedding rite took place in the Kazan Church. The festivities continued for a week, all the days and evenings of which were filled with banquets, salutes, illuminations, balas, masquerades.
Anna Leopoldovna did not immediately be able to become pregnant, which caused the displeasure to the empress, inflamed by Biron. For a while, all time has switched to the Holstein Prince Charles Peter, the native grandson of Peter I, the son of his daughter Anna. However, on August 12, 1740, Anna Leopoldovna gave birth to such a long-awaited son, named after Praded Ivan.
At the same time, more and more rumors about the disadvantage between the young spouses, as well as the serious illness of the Empress appeared. Anna Ioannovna immediately published a manifesto, which called the heir to the throne of John Antonovich, and, in the case of his death, any other, elderly, the prince born in the family of Anna Leopoldovna and Anton Ulrich. This manifesto played a tragic role in the fate of other children in the Braunschweig family, making them rivals to those who occupied the throne. Practically, the bed of the dying empress was played by the struggle on the regency at the Minor Emperor. Among the possible candidates were called Anton Ulrich, but the Empress decided the case in favor of his beloved Biron.
Regent identified Anton Ulrich and Anna Leopoldovna Money content in 200,000 rubles per year, but Prince Brownshweigsky himself wanted to be the ruler with his son. The biron came rumors about the conspiracy, whose head of John Antonovich could become the head. A conversation took place between Biron and Prince and Princess, during which the regent threatened to send the whole family from Russia, and Anna Leopoldovna was forced to be forgiven for himself and his spouse. Before the expulsion, the case did not reach, but all the approximate Prince were arrested, Anton Ulrich himself was called to explain to the convened assembly of senators, ministers and generals, and the interrogation was led by Ushakov, where the prince confessed to the attempt to shift the Biron, and was also forced to refuse All military ranks.

Portrait of Anton-Ulrich (?) Brushes of an unknown artist

However, Biron was displaced, and made it Feldmarshal Count Bukhard Christopher Minih, his long-standing opponent. The coup took place on the night from 7 to 8 November 1740, the regent with his whole family was sent to the reference in the sang. The government with a small emperor was proclaimed Anna Leopoldovna, and Anton Ulrich received the rank of Generalissimus of the Russian Army. All persons who contributed to and sympathizing a coup were generously rewarded.
The Board of Anna Leopoldovna can not be called successful. From the very first days, quarrels broke out between the rival borements. There was practically no concern for the baby-emperor, although all the decrees were published on his behalf. The minih was not satisfied and sought to focus in his hands all the power.
There was no consent between the spouses, especially since Larnar arrived at the yard again, And Anna Leopoldovna was going to marry him on his beloved Freilline Julian Mengden to bind to the Russian court forever. On April 14, 1741, the minih received a resignation, and the Empire's affairs switched to Osterman, as they were not interested in the government. Her close and constant surroundings were cute, but absolutely useless in the affairs of the board, people: Juliana Mengden, Minister of Vienna Botta D'Aadorno, Ober-Gofmeister Ernst Minih, Son of Field Marshal, Linar. After a few months, Anna Leopoldovna, Anna Leopoldovna, was practically removed from public affairs, limiting himself to the imposition of resolutions on the documents submitted to it.

Portrait of Julian Mangden with John Antonovich in the hands of an unknown artist

Anton Ulrich was more active. He was present at the meetings of the Military Collegium, contributed to the discussion in the Senate, personally selected soldiers and officers. In the Guards Shelves, the regimental hospitals were created for the first time. He inspected the construction of the new barracks, increased his political experience, talking daily with Osterman daily. But the real power did not have in the first place because there was no warm relationship between him and his wife-governor.
Thus, Anna Leopoldovna failed to anticipate the dangers of Zesarevna Elizabeth Petrovna, who, with the help of the French Messenger, Shetardi managed to make a plot, heading him herself. On the night of November 24-25, 1741, the Board of the Mining Emperor John III, as he called him at that time, having conducted an account from Ivan the Terrible, was overthrown.
Further fate of the Braunschweig family tragic. At first, the young emperor, his parents and little sister Catherine was decided to send from Russia. The carriages with the Braunschweig family went on the road, but was followed by a new order of the empress, which was followed by their detention in Riga. At the end of 1742, the royal prisoners were shipped to Rannburg, where they were held until 1744, when, by order of Elizabeth, John Antonovich was separated from his parents. However, the former emperor and his family were kept in hillem in different ends of an extensive bishop house. From now on, the emperor John began to call Gregory.
Anna Leopoldovna died in holkemov in 1746, so nothing and having learned about the fate of his eldest son. On the care of her husband, she left four more children: Catherine, Elizavet, Alexey and Peter. The body of the former government of Russia was transported to St. Petersburg and buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

L. Karavakk. Portrait of Anna Leopoldovna

After the death of Mother John Antonovich stayed in holkemors for another 6 years, after which he was transported to Shlisselburg. Here, on the night of July 4 to July 5, he was killed by his guards, so as not to give the so-called Mirovira spoke. The body of the unfortunate prisoner was lost ...
The remaining members of the Braunschweig family continued to be contained in the holkemors, devoid of communication with the outside world. After some time after the Shlisselburg catastrophe, Empress Ekaterina intended to release Prince Anton Ulrich and send him to Germany, considering not dangerous, but he refused freedom for his children. In 1776 he dove and died, and his children were in conclusion until 1780, until Catherine decided to give them freedom. This news was frightened rather than the prisoners pleased, all their lives in the walls of the bishop house. However, on the ship "Polar Star" they were taken to the city of Bergen, from where they were transported to the city of Mars to the city of Gorzens, in Jutland, in Danish possessions. Here they lived quietly and calmly. In 1782, Elizabeth died, in 1787 - Alexey, in 1798 - Peter, in 1807 - Catherine.

None of them left offspring. They were buried in the Lutheran Church in Gorzense, their tombs were still preserved, unlike the graves of their father and the Senior Celebration Brother.

Based on:
1. Librovich S. F. Emperor under the ban: twenty-four years of Russian history. M. 2001.
2. Levin L. Russian Generalissimus Duke Anton Ulrich (history "Brownshweag family in Russia). SPb., 2000

Braunschweig family (Braunschweig-Mecklenburg-Romanovs) is the traditional name of the Anton of Anton Ulrich Braunschweig and Anna Leopoldovna. Belonged to the Wolfenbuttent branch of the Braunschweigine region of Veelphs, one of the most nonest and oldest in Europe.

• Father Prince Anton Ulrich Braunschweigsky (August 17, 1714-4 May 1774)
• Mother (at the birth of Elizabeth Katharina Kristina, Princess Mecklenburg-Schwerinskaya, December 7, 1718-8 March 1746)
• son - (August 12, 1740- July 5, 1764)
• daughter Ekaterina Antonovna Braunschweig (July 4, 1741 - March 29, 1807)
• daughter Elizabeth Antonovna (1743-1782)
• son Peter Antonovich (1745-1798),
• son Alexey Antonovich (February 24, 1746-1 October 11, 1787)

Holmogory

Living for years, decades together, under the same roof (Karaul did not change twelve years), these people quarreled, put up, fell in love, came to each other. The scandals followed one after another: Anton Ulrich quarreled with Bina (who, unlike the latter, was allowed to go to Kholmogory), then the soldier was caught on theft, and officers on Amrahs with the cormalites. The commandant and his subordinates were dried up and mercilessly robbed Anton Ulrich and his loved ones, and eternally a drunk cook prepared for them some incredible brew. Over the years, the guards forgot about discipline, went in a rash form. Gradually, along with Anton Ulrich, they became graffitable old men, each with their quirks.

The prince was quiet and meek. Over the years, it was frustrated, frozen, he began to overcome the disease. After the death of his wife (Anna Leopoldovna), he began to live with the maids, and it was believed that there were many of his illegal children in Khlemogors who became a servant of the Braunschweig family. Occasionally, the prince wrote Empress Elizabeth Letters: Thanks for the Saved Bottles of Hungarian or for some alms-gear. He especially dismissed without coffee, which he was needed daily. In his letters, Empress Elizavete Petrovna, and then Peter III, Catherine II, he showed emphasized, even the ultra-old loyalty, called himself a "cranked insignia", "insignificant dust and rush", "unfortunate worm", turned with "humiliated and unhappy lines" requests to royal person. I never asked for release, probably understanding that it was unrealistic. In the autumn of 1761, Anton Ulrich wrote a letter to Empress Elizabeth, asked her to "allow my children to learn to read and write to be able to be able to be in a state of kneeling to your imperial Majesty and, together with me, to the end of our lives, to pray for God for health and well-being Your Majesty and Your Family "(Empress in response, as always, silent)

After joining the throne, Anton Ulrich with the same lowest request also appealed to her. A new sovereign in August 1762 favored a letter to the letter of the Prince, expressed his participation, but did not promise to free it, he wrote to the diplomatically: "the deliverance of your united with some difficulties that can be understood by your prudence." She did not promise to help and in the training of princes and princesses.

Soon, Ekaterina II sent to the Holmogor General A. I. Bibikov, who was instructed to make a report on the situation in the area and give the characteristics of its inhabitants. Bibikov on behalf of the Empress suggested a prince to leave Russia to return it to Germany. But he refused a generous proposal of the sovereign.

Danish diplomat wrote that the prince, "accustomed to his imprisonment, the patient and fell by the Spirit refused to him the freedom." It is inaccurate - the prince did not want freedom for himself one, he wanted to leave with the children. But these conditions have not satisfied Catherine. In the instructions, Bibikov said it was said that "we intend to now free and release it in his fatherland with decency", and his children "for the same state resonov, which he for prudence to understand himself maybe, until we can free Our government will not be strengthened in the order in which they have received a new position to the well-being of our empire, "...

The Empress without enthusiasm took the report of Bibikov about his trip to Kholmogora, in which he with sympathy and sympathy wrote about princes and princesses, which, it turns out that for many years, the captivity did not lose human appearance, they were brought up, kindly and friendly. And although the Empress never gave permission to teach the princes and the princesses (it was not included in the statesman's plans and, moreover, would mean that the teams would have to send), they were literate. In 1773, Princess Elizabeth itself personally wrote the Empress with a good style and handwriting, although with errors, three letters in which he begged the sovereign to give them "Although small exemption from Valley (so!), In addition to the father, they are born."

Anxiety rose: It turns out that the children of the prince, despite the lack of teachers, are literate. Panin, engaged in this case, immediately frightened - no matter how they start a correspondence with someone else. Arrests selected written accessories and conducted an investigation. It turned out that children to write and read the father for the old alphabet, who remained them from the deceased mother, as well as on its sacred books that children and read. It is noteworthy that the cases of the "Holmogorsk Commission", as well as Mirovich, were engaged in N. I. Panin and his assistant N. N. Teplov. As in the times of Elizabeth, the new authorities feared most of all, as if the princes and princesses did not kidnapose any adventurers like Zubareva, and warned the Archangelian governor about the possible appearance in those places of a foreign spy.

Apparently, the appearance of A. I. Bibikov, a man of humane and kind, as well as the unusually huge letters of a new state truck opened some vague hopes in the Braunschweig family, if not for freedom, then at least for facilitating the prison regime. Therefore, in September 1763, the prince dared to ask the Empress "a little more freedom": to allow children to attend the service in the church standing next to the prison. Catherine responded with refusal, as well as at his request to give children a "slightly more fresh air" (their most of the year was kept in the building)

So did not wait for Anton Ulrich a little freedom, no fresh air, nor that the cases of Empress Ekaterina would take a favorable position for him. For the sixty years he was called, he began to get blinddly and seemed to seek 34 years old, died on May 4, 1776. Dying, he asked him to give it to children "at least a small liberation." At night, the coffin with his body the guards secretly carried into the courtyard and buried there near the church, without a priest, without a rite, as a suicide, a tramp or drowned. Did you spend your children in the last path? Even this we do not know. Most likely, this was not allowed - they were forbidden to leave the house. But it is known that they are extremely difficult to move the death of the father and severely suffered from sorrow. In the next, 1777, the family was waiting for another hard loss - one for another two old women were died - the crumbles and nannies of the princes Anna Ivanov and Anna Ilyina. They have long become close member of the family, native people.

Princes and princesses after the death of the Father lived in imprisonment for another four years. By 1780, they have been adults for a long time: the 39th year was deaf Catherine, it was 37, Peter - 35 and Alexey - 34 years. All of them were weak, with obvious physical disabilities, a lot and for a long time they hurt. About the eldest son, Peter, the eyewitness wrote that "he is addition of a sick and a consumers, several curve and krivonog. Less son Alexey is the addition of dense and healthy ... has seizures. " Prince Ekaterina's daughter "The addition of a patient and almost crashota, moreover, somewhat deaf, says Nemo and unbelievable and obsessed with different painful seizures, a very quiet thing."

But, despite the life in captivity, they all grew by intelligent, kind and cute people. All visitors who came to the prisoners, following Bibikov, noted that they were encouraged to be good, that the prince's family is extremely friendly. As Hellovan wrote, "With the first arrival of the conversation, I could notice that the father of children loves his own, and the children are respectful to him and disagree between them." Like Bibikov, the headshan noted the special intendedness of the princess Elizabeth, who, whopping, said that "their only wines - the appearance of the light" and that she hopes that maybe the empress will be released and take a courtyard.

A. P. Melgunov

After the death of Anton Ulrich, the Governor of the Vologda princess A. P. Melgunov wrote about the princess, Catherine Antonovna's princess, that, despite her deafness, "it seems it that she is a timid, evasion, polite and smashed, quietly and cheerful; Seeing others in conversations of laughing, although it does not know the reasons, but makes them a company ... "

With the princess Elizabeth Melgunov spoke freely - she was smart and thorough. When the princess spoke with Melgunov that the family sent earlier by the Empress, "I wrote Melgunov, - Reimary to experience the mind and the arrangement of thoughts, honorable this case convenient to that asked it, what would their petition asked ? She answered me that the first of their request, when the father was healthy, and they were very young, to be given to them the liberty, but when this was not received and their father is blind, and they came out of her young years, then this Their desire changed to another, that is, they asked her finally, so that they were allowed to pass, but they did not receive an answer. "

The princesse said and recorded by Melgunov accurately reflects the situation of the 1760-1770s, when Catherine led himself, in general, as well as Elizabeth Petrovna: all requests are silence. All requests for freedom or at least about the facilitation of the regime were rejected by it. Catherine believed that all this "trouble make sure." Why were they needed? These people have ceased to exist for her. The sovereign never wrote them and did not even sympathize when they lost their father. As before, they were strictly guarded in the house, and during walks in the garden. But they began to feed them better, to robbed less and quite often from St. Petersburg new beautiful things brought. Elizabeth spoke Mel Grunov that with the beginning of the reign of Catherine they were resurrected - "before that time they needed everyone, even the shoes did not have."

It can be seen, the dream of freedom did not leave the princess Elizabeth, and she spoke to Melgunov again with bitterness about their unfulfilled desire to "live in large lights", to learn secular appeal. "But in the present situation," continued Elizabeth Antonovna, "there is no more desire to wish for us as soon as in order to live here in solitude, in holkemos. We are happy with everyone, we were born here, got used to the local place and soased, so for us, the big light is not only not needed, but also for us, for what we do not know how to do with people, but to learn later. "

"Only to the brothers," the Melgunov continued his report to the Empress, - then both of them, in my note, do not have, it seems that there is no natural acute in themselves, and their timidity is more visible, simplicity, shyness, silence and techniques, one small Guys are decent. However, a smaller one, Alexei, seems to be at the same time, dreamed and more careful than his brother Peter. But what lies to the greater, then from the actions it can be seen that it dwells in him the only simplicity and Mraku is too funny because it laughs and laughs when there is nothing funny at all ... they live between themselves friendly, and moreover ... kindly and human loving, and ... The brothers obey and listen to the Elisabeth. The exercise is that in the summer they work in the garden, go bears and ducks and feed them, and in winter they run away on wooden horses around the pond, in the garden of their existing, read church books and play cards and checkers, the girls are over Togo, sometimes sewing linen. "

Elizabeth had several requests, from which Alexei Petrovich Melgunova, a man of thin, humane and hearty, probably turned over in the shower: "Please proceed to us at the Eye of the Imperial Majesty, that one grace, so that 1) was allowed us to travel from home to the meadow For a walk, we detected that there are flowers there, which in our garden is not "; The second - to be allowed to be friends to the wives of the security officers - "And then we are bored!". The third request: "By the mercy de Honey of the Imperial Majesty send to us from St. Petersburg, capes, caps and currents, but we do not use them for the fact that neither we nor our girls know how to wear them and wear them. So do mercy ... Send such a person who could dress us in them. " Another princess asked the bath to be away from home and raised the salary to their ministers and allowed them to leave the house. At the end of this conversation with Melgunov Elizabeth said that if they fulfill these requests, "then we will be quite satisfied and we will not want to bother anything else and we don't want anything and be happy to stay in such a position forever."

Melgunov did not say to princes and princesses that his arrival to them is not just an inspection trip. The fact is that Catherine still decided to send Brunshweig surname abroad - to do what Elizabeth Petrovna did almost over forty years before. The Empress has failed correspondence with the Danish Queen Julia Margarita, the sister of Anton Ulrich and the aunt of Kholmogorsk prisoners, and suggested to settle them in Norway, then the province of Denmark. The queen replied that he could place them even in the Denmark itself. Melgunov was sent to Holmogora to compile a report on the basis of which the Empress could make a decision.

Catherine II

After reading the report of Melgunova, Ekaterina II gave a decree to prepare children Anna Leopoldovna and Anton Ulrich to departure. Fees began. Suddenly, gold, silver, diamonds were cracked in the modest chambers of the bishop house - it was brought and brought the gifts of the Empress: a giant silver service, diamonds for men and earrings for women, unprecedented wonderful powders, lipsticks, shoes, dresses.

Seven German and fifty Russian tailors in Yaroslavl hastily prepared a dress for four prisoners. What are the "fur coats of the Golden Flashing on Sable Fur" for the princesses of Catherine Antonovna and Elizabeth Antonovna! And although the Empress was a purebred chick, she received in Russian - know ours! Let the Danish relatives see how they contain royal blood prisoners.

On June 26, 1780, Melgunov announced the Braunschweig named by the Empress Decree about sending them to Denmark, to the aunt. They were shocked. "I can't," Ekaterina Melgunov wrote, - here to present, with a pick-up fear, mixed in surprise and joy, they were amazed from this word. None of them could say not a word, but the flows of tears, from the eyes of their ranks, frequent knee-freeness and joy, on the faces of their spill, discovered clearly sincerely gratefulness. " They thanked for the liberty, but only asked to settle them in a small town, away from people. It is curious that they all spoke at the Kholmogorsk, "Northern Naschayi", which at first metropolitan visits who knew that they would travel to people in which not only the blood of the Romanovs, but also the blood of the ancient Mecklenburg and Brownshweigian dukes seemed strange, unusual.

Frigate "Polar Star"

On the night of June 27, the princes and princesses brought out of the house. For the first time in his life, they went beyond the prison, sat on the yacht and swam down in a wide, beautiful dot, whose piece they saw all their lives from the window. When the sulfuric fortifications of the Novodvinsk fortress appeared in the dusk of the White Arkhangelsk night, the brothers and sisters began to cry and say goodbye - they thought they were deceived and that in fact they are waiting for loners of serfshamis. But they were reassured, showing the Frigate "Polar Star" on the raid, who was preparing for sailing.

Until the very end of Antonovich, strictly guarded, and the Colonel Tsigler specially appointed to lead the operation was not given a strict decree not to give the arrestants to write and send letters, no one to them. "But if anyone," the instructions were noted, "expectations, he ventured to enter the frigate of power and the princes and princesses would be taken away from the hands of Tsigler and the princesses, in this case it was ordered to reflect the power of power and dispel to the last drop of blood." Fortunately, the point of the murder of prisoners was not in the instructions - it can be seen, by 1780 the case of Catherine accepted the "proper position".

One of the most tragic figures in Russian history was the young Emperor Ivan Antonovich Braunschweigsky, formally held the throne from October 17, 1740 to November 25, 1741. He was born on August 12, 1740 in the family of Anna Leopoldovna, the native niece of Empress Anna John, and Prince Anton Ulrich Braunschweigsky and died on July 5, 1764 in the Khlleshelburg fortress, where he was in custody. John Antonovich became the emperor under the ban. He and his family were sacrificed to what was customary to be called the well-being of the state, as well as the tranquility of those persons who stood in power throughout the life of the unfortunate emperor.
Peter the Great took continuous attempts to introduce Russia into a large European policy, not limited to only economic and military funds, he began to fix the filament of the political interests of the state by the bonds of dynastic marriages connecting the Romanovs with the houses of foreign rulers from Western Europe. The consequence of such a policy was the marriage union of his older brother Ekaterina Ivanovna and the Duke of Mecklenburg Karl Leopold, concluded in 1716. The fruit of this marriage was the birth of July 7/8, 1718 in the Greytoe girl, which was dubbed in Lutheran's custom and called Elizabeth Catherine Christine. The marriage turned out to be unsuccessful, and in the summer of 1722, Ekaterina Ivanovna at the invitation of his mother Praskovya Fedorovna arrived in Russia and did not return to her husband.
In 1730, the imperial throne took the childless Anna John, the native aunt Elizabeth Ekaterina Christine. From now on, a small princess began to look at the possible heiress of the Empress. The princess remained while in Lutheran religion and officially did not change the name, but they began to call Anna. Anna Ioannovna itself no certain intentions at the expense of the niece originally did not express initially, but in 1731 confirmed the right of the monarch declared by Peter I to appoint the heir to the throne in his will.

IG Vekhind. Portrait of Anna Leopoldovna

Later there was a draft vice-chancellor Andrei Ivanovich Osterman and Ober-Stall Macesister Karl Gustav Levvenavold, according to which Anna should have given out for one of the foreign princes, and her child for choosing the empress and independently of the birthright will inherit the throne. So Levvenavold was sent to Germany to find an acceptable candidate of the groom. He fulfilled the mission and chose two candidates - Prince Charles Brandenburg-Bayreit and Prince Anton Ulrich Braunschweig-Bevernsky. Anna Ioannovna decided to stop his choice but the second and invite Anton Ulrich to appoint it to the Colonel of the Kirassius regiment, determining the money content.

IG Vekhind. Portrait of Anton Ulrich (?)

Anton Ulrich was born on August 28, 1714 in the Duke of Braunschweig-Bevernsky Ferdinand Albrecht II and his wife Antoinette Amalia. He was the second son, the families of the family were small, so the trip to Russia and the possibility of marriage on the nephew of the Empress were perceived as a smile of fortune. The official reason for the trip was the receipt of the Russian military service. In St. Petersburg, the prince arrived on February 3/14, 1733. For the residence of Anton Ulrich was prepared located near the royal palace Chernyshev. Empress, Duchess Mecklenburg Ekaterina Ivanovna and even Elizabeth herself Ekaterina Christine accepted him quite favorably. The prince studied the Russian language and the other necessary sciences, one of his teachers is called the poet of Trediakovsky. Soon he switched to Orthodoxy. But the case with marriage for various reasons was not laid. Yes, and the alleged bride itself did not feed to Anton Ulrich delicate feelings and in 1735 he was fascinated by the Saxon Messenger by the Graph Moritz Linar. In order to avoid a major scandal, the empress sent an educator of Princess Madame D'Fader, patronized by this hobby. Linar was also withdrawn from St. Petersburg.
In 1737, the Prince went to his first military campaign against the Turks as a simple volunteer under the command of Field Marshal Miniha. In his report on the session of the minih, he wrote that Anton Ulrich showed uncomfortable courage and was in the very center of battle. After that, the prince entrusted the reputation of a fearless warrior. In 1738, the Empress complained to him the Higher Order of the Empire - the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, he was also produced in the Premier Majors of the Guards Semenovsky Regiment. In the same year, the prince went to a new campaign, and in his retinue was driving the famous Karl Jeronimus von Münhgausen. The prince again participated in battles, and in a battle near the river Billoch, his shelves covered the right flank of Russian artillery, who did not have time to take a combat position.
However, Princess Anna remained cold to Anton Ulrich, and did not go with marriage. The impetus to the junction gave an attempt to be a favorite of the Empress of Biron to marry on Anna his eldest son of Peter, who, besides, was younger.

The princess insulted by refusal, Biron convinced Anna Johnnun to finally resolve the case with marriage Anton Ulrich. Began cooking for the wedding. On July 2, 1739, engaged in the high hall of the Winter Palace. The next day, a wedding rite took place in the Kazan Church. The festivities continued for a week, all the days and evenings of which were filled with banquets, salutes, illuminations, balas, masquerades.
Anna Leopoldovna did not immediately be able to become pregnant, which caused the displeasure to the empress, inflamed by Biron. For a while, all time has switched to the Holstein Prince Charles Peter, the native grandson of Peter I, the son of his daughter Anna. However, on August 12, 1740, Anna Leopoldovna gave birth to such a long-awaited son, named after Praded Ivan.
At the same time, more and more rumors about the disadvantage between the young spouses, as well as the serious illness of the Empress appeared. Anna Ioannovna immediately published a manifesto, which called the heir to the throne of John Antonovich, and, in the case of his death, any other, elderly, the prince born in the family of Anna Leopoldovna and Anton Ulrich. This manifesto played a tragic role in the fate of other children in the Braunschweig family, making them rivals to those who occupied the throne. Practically, the bed of the dying empress was played by the struggle on the regency at the Minor Emperor. Among the possible candidates were called Anton Ulrich, but the Empress decided the case in favor of his beloved Biron.
Regent identified Anton Ulrich and Anna Leopoldovna Money content in 200,000 rubles per year, but Prince Brownshweigsky himself wanted to be the ruler with his son. The biron came rumors about the conspiracy, whose head of John Antonovich could become the head. A conversation took place between Biron and Prince and Princess, during which the regent threatened to send the whole family from Russia, and Anna Leopoldovna was forced to be forgiven for himself and his spouse. Before the expulsion, the case did not reach, but all the approximate Prince were arrested, Anton Ulrich himself was called to explain to the convened assembly of senators, ministers and generals, and the interrogation was led by Ushakov, where the prince confessed to the attempt to shift the Biron, and was also forced to refuse All military ranks.

Portrait of Anton-Ulrich (?) Brushes of an unknown artist

However, Biron was displaced, and made it Feldmarshal Count Bukhard Christopher Minih, his long-standing opponent. The coup took place on the night from 7 to 8 November 1740, the regent with his whole family was sent to the reference in the sang. The government with a small emperor was proclaimed Anna Leopoldovna, and Anton Ulrich received the rank of Generalissimus of the Russian Army. All persons who contributed to and sympathizing a coup were generously rewarded.
The Board of Anna Leopoldovna can not be called successful. From the very first days, quarrels broke out between the rival borements. There was practically no concern for the baby-emperor, although all the decrees were published on his behalf. The minih was not satisfied and sought to focus in his hands all the power.
There was no consent between the spouses, especially since Larnar arrived at the yard again, And Anna Leopoldovna was going to marry him on his beloved Freilline Julian Mengden to bind to the Russian court forever. On April 14, 1741, the minih received a resignation, and the Empire's affairs switched to Osterman, as they were not interested in the government. Her close and constant surroundings were cute, but absolutely useless in the affairs of the board, people: Juliana Mengden, Minister of Vienna Botta D'Aadorno, Ober-Gofmeister Ernst Minih, Son of Field Marshal, Linar. After a few months, Anna Leopoldovna, Anna Leopoldovna, was practically removed from public affairs, limiting himself to the imposition of resolutions on the documents submitted to it.

Portrait of Julian Mangden with John Antonovich in the hands of an unknown artist

Anton Ulrich was more active. He was present at the meetings of the Military Collegium, contributed to the discussion in the Senate, personally selected soldiers and officers. In the Guards Shelves, the regimental hospitals were created for the first time. He inspected the construction of the new barracks, increased his political experience, talking daily with Osterman daily. But the real power did not have in the first place because there was no warm relationship between him and his wife-governor.
Thus, Anna Leopoldovna failed to anticipate the dangers of Zesarevna Elizabeth Petrovna, who, with the help of the French Messenger, Shetardi managed to make a plot, heading him herself. On the night of November 24-25, 1741, the Board of the Mining Emperor John III, as he called him at that time, having conducted an account from Ivan the Terrible, was overthrown.
Further fate of the Braunschweig family tragic. At first, the young emperor, his parents and little sister Catherine was decided to send from Russia. The carriages with the Braunschweig family went on the road, but was followed by a new order of the empress, which was followed by their detention in Riga. At the end of 1742, the royal prisoners were shipped to Rannburg, where they were held until 1744, when, by order of Elizabeth, John Antonovich was separated from his parents. However, the former emperor and his family were kept in hillem in different ends of an extensive bishop house. From now on, the emperor John began to call Gregory.
Anna Leopoldovna died in holkemov in 1746, so nothing and having learned about the fate of his eldest son. On the care of her husband, she left four more children: Catherine, Elizavet, Alexey and Peter. The body of the former government of Russia was transported to St. Petersburg and buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

L. Karavakk. Portrait of Anna Leopoldovna

After the death of Mother John Antonovich stayed in holkemors for another 6 years, after which he was transported to Shlisselburg. Here, on the night of July 4, July 5, 1764, he was killed by his guards, so as not to give the so-called Mirovira Spray. The body of the unfortunate prisoner was lost ...
The remaining members of the Braunschweig family continued to be contained in the holkemors, devoid of communication with the outside world. After some time after the Shlisselburg catastrophe, Empress Ekaterina intended to release Prince Anton Ulrich and send him to Germany, considering not dangerous, but he refused freedom for his children. In 1776 he dove and died, and his children were in conclusion until 1780, until Catherine decided to give them freedom. This news was frightened rather than the prisoners pleased, all their lives in the walls of the bishop house. However, on the ship "Polar Star" they were taken to the city of Bergen, from where they were transported to the city of Mars to the city of Gorzens, in Jutland, in Danish possessions. Here they lived quietly and calmly. In 1782, Elizabeth died, in 1787 - Alexey, in 1798 - Peter, in 1807 - Catherine.

None of them left offspring. They were buried in the Lutheran Church in Gorzense, their tombs were still preserved, unlike the graves of their father and the Senior Celebration Brother.

Based on:
1. Librovich S. F. Emperor under the ban: twenty-four years of Russian history. M. 2001.
2. Levin L. Russian Generalissimus Duke Anton Ulrich (history "Brownshweag family in Russia). SPb., 2000