Nenets Autonomous Okrug one of the most promising regions of the Russian Federation. NAO- this is a rich original culture, traditions, endless expanses of tundra, its own system of reindeer husbandry, huge reserves of hydrocarbons in the depths, access to the Arctic seas and much more.

The peripheral geographical position of the district at the same time presents certain difficulties for the development of the region, and it is also an advantage. NAO is located in the north-eastern part of the East European Plain. In the south, it borders the Komi Republic, in the north, the coastline of the district is washed by the Kara, Pechora, Barents and White seas of the Arctic Ocean. In the east, the okrug has borders with the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and in the west, it borders with the Arkhangelsk Region (Mezensky District). The district includes the islands of Vaygach and Kolguev, the Kanin peninsula.

The total area of ​​the district together with the islands is 176.81 thousand square meters. km (1.03% of the territory of the Russian Federation). Approximately 76.6% of the district's territory is located in the tundra zone, 15.4% - forest-tundra, 8% - northern taiga (southwestern part of the district). Length NAO from north to south (within the mainland) - 320 km, from west to east - 950 km. The distance from Naryan-Mar to Arkhangelsk is 650 km (by waterway - 1097 km), to Moscow - 1783 km, to the nearest railway station Usinsk - 265 km.

The population of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug as of January 1, 2010, according to the Federal State Statistics Service, is 42293 people, which is the 83rd indicator among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The population density is 0.2 people / sq. Km. Average age: 31.5 years. The bulk of the population (more than 25,000 people) lives in the city of Naryan-Mar and the village of Seekers.

The district is inhabited by representatives of 75 nationalities. According to the all-Russian population census, 62% of the district's residents are Russians, 19% are Nenets, and 11% are Komi. The Nenets are the indigenous small people of the North in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. They belong to the so-called tundra group (with migrations to the forest-tundra only in winter) and speak the tundra dialect of the Nenets language. Until October 1917, the Nenets were known as the Samoyeds. The name "Nenets" is a slightly changed self-name of this nation. The self-name of Nenets is “man”, “Nenets”. At the turn of the 1st and 2nd millennia, there were connections between the Nenets and the Russian Pomors who were exploring the European North. In the XVI century. the penetration of the Komi-Zyryan into the European North began. Adjacent living (especially with representatives of the Russian people) had a great influence on the material culture of the Nenets and, in turn, the Russians adopted a number of elements of the Nenets culture.

NAO geographically it is part of the Arkhangelsk region, part of the North-West Federal District and is a subject of the Russian Federation (region 83), is included.

The capital of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is Naryan-Mar, the boundaries of which coincide with the municipality of the Urban Okrug "City of Naryan-Mar". Total on the territory NAO two administrative units of the municipal level: the urban district "City of Naryan-Mar" and the municipal district "Zapolyarny district".

The municipal district "Zapolyarny District" has a center in the settlement of Seekers and includes the entire territory of the district. The district includes 19 municipal formations-settlements (1 urban and 18 rural).

Official language NAO- Russian, common (in rural areas) languages ​​- Nenets and Komi.
Time: Moscow (Official language - Russian, common (in rural areas) languages ​​- Nenets and Komi.

Head of Administration NAO is an Fedorov Igor Gennadievich, which was approved by the Assembly of Deputies of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug on the proposal of Dmitry Medvedev by a majority vote on February 24, 2009.

The highest standing and only legislative body of the district is the Assembly of Deputies of the Nenets Autonomous District. Chairman of the Assembly of Deputies NAO is an Kotkin Sergey Nikolaevich.

The time of the region is Moscow - MSK (UTC + 4)

Most of the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located beyond the Arctic Circle. It includes the islands of Kolguev and Vaigach.

History

The first scientist to study these lands in 1837 was the Russian botanist Alexander Shrenk. He passed the Pechora, reached the Yugorsky Shara, reached the island, crossed the Pai-Khoi, and from there returned to Petersburg through Pustozersk. How difficult it was to do this can be seen from the fact that even a hundred years later, in 1930, the detachment of the geologist Nikolai Iordansky only spent more than two months on the road from Moscow to the mouth of the Vorkuta River, which flows into the Usa.

The organizers of the expeditions were often Pomor industrialists: for example, Mikhail Sidorov in the middle of the 19th century, who sent his own expedition to Pechora, which discovered that "the coast of the Pechora River is replete with layers of coal lying on the ground in blocks."

The explorers of the region were not only selfless people, but also often disinterested. In 1913, an expedition to the Verkhneusinsk Territory, which included the local political exiles, refused to pay for their labor for the sake of science. Local guides and workers on Russian expeditions at the beginning of the 20th century. They also did not take payment for work in money, preferring ... salt: the place here is fish, but there is no salt. And today, salt is delivered to Naryan-Mar along the Northern Sea Route.

The region faces the three seas of the Arctic Ocean. Dunes and coastal ramparts stretch along the sea coast, there are ersei: the local name for the blowing hollows.

Over 3/4 of the territory is occupied by swampy tundra: Bolshezemelskaya, Pripechorye and Malozemelskaya (Timanskaya). It grows mainly dwarf birch and moss, in river valleys there are dense thickets of willow, on peat mounds there are dwarf birches, a lot of cloudberries and blueberries, and mushrooms. But with all that - the dominance of the gnat, from which both people and animals suffer. The first explorers of the local tundra complained: "You can't bring a spoon to your mouth, how the soup moves in it from mosquitoes."

There is an abundance of fish in rivers and lakes, including grayling. Many birds: tundra and ptarmigan, different kinds geese and ducks, swan, snowy owl. Mammals are dominated by reindeer, arctic fox and lemming.

In the extreme north-east - the Pai-Khoi ridge with mountains over 400 m. The southern regions are occupied by forest tundra, which is characterized by spruce and larch 3-4 m high with a crown curved by the north wind. In the far southwest there is taiga, in which elk, brown bear, and lynx live. Of the birds, the Upland Owl, the Three-toed Woodpecker, and the Hawk Owl are characteristic.

There are many small rivers and small thermokarst and glacial lakes in the region.

The main river and main waterway in the tundra, the river is navigable in the summer season. On it to the city of Naryan-Mar - the administrative center of the district - sea vessels rise from the Barents Sea. To protect rare Arctic flora and fauna in the Pechora delta, the Nenetsky nature reserve has been created.

The Nenets National District itself was formed in 1929.

The development of the region accelerated significantly in the 1970-1980s, when large deposits of oil and natural gas were discovered, including on the sea shelf.

The population of the district lives mainly near Pechora.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a very rich but hard-to-reach region. Everywhere there is tundra, through which cars will pass only in winter, but it was possible to lay a pipeline through it. In the north - the seas of the Arctic Ocean, through which alone it is possible to deliver everything necessary for the life and work of the city to Naryan-Mar.

"Naryan-Mar, my Naryan-Mar, the town is not large and not small, near the Pechora by the river ..." is sung in a famous song. However, for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, it is almost a metropolis, its significance in the life of the okrug is enormous.

The settlement of the lands of the present Nenets Autonomous Okrug began no later than 9 thousand years BC. BC: archaeological finds in the area of ​​the Pymvashor river and the village of Haruta belong to this period.

The Nenets belong to the tundra group of this people with migrations to the forest-tundra only in winter and speak the tundra dialect of the Nenets language. The name of the Nenets is a changed self-name "Nenets" (person).

The Nenets are one of the Samoyed peoples: hence the formerly widespread name “Samoyed”. At the beginning of the first millennium, the Samoyeds occupied the forest-steppe regions from the eastern spurs of the Urals to the Sayan Upland. In the II-IV centuries. under the onslaught of the nomads - the Huns and the Turks - they were forced out into the tundra. The Pechora tribes already lived here, long before the Samoyeds, who had mastered the European North and laid the foundations of the tundra paleoculture. The Samoyeds drove them out or partially assimilated with them.

The assimilation process turned out to be lengthy. Legends about the “siirta” (small tundra aborigines living underground) have survived to our time, in which they appear as real people, with whom the ancestors of the Nenets fought and acquired families. Legends describe them as living in the tundra before the arrival of the Nenets. Most likely, this was the disappeared Pechora tribe, although enthusiasts-ufologists regard them as the descendants of aliens.

These legends occupy an important place in Nenets mythology. In their view, the earth is motionless, and the sky is moving. The universe is divided into three worlds - Upper, Middle and Lower. In the Upper, in the sky, lives the supreme god Num. The middle one is the earth, it is alive, every hill, river and lake has a master - a spirit. The lower one is under seven layers of permafrost, where Na dominates - the spirit of illness and death, the souls of the dead move into it.

At the turn of the XII-XIII centuries. Russian Pomors learned about the Nenets, who were exploring the European North on koch - wooden single-masted boats with a square sail and several pairs of oars.

Then the Novgorod Republic, during the period of its highest prosperity, included these lands, its extreme eastern borders passed through the Northern Urals.

In 1478, the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III subdued and incorporated the republic into the Moscow state. To consolidate positions on the extreme northern borders, Ivan III in 1499 ordered the founding of Pustozersk, which became the first Russian city beyond the Arctic Circle (27 km south-west of modern Naryan-Mar). Until 1780 Pustozersk was the administrative, commercial, cultural and religious center of the Pechora region. And also the place of reference. The most famous exiled was Archpriest Avvakum, the most prominent leader of the Old Believers. From here he sent letters to his supporters for 14 years, cursing the kings and the patriarch, for which he was burned in the hut. In 1620, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich closed the sea route to Siberia to foreign merchants, in the 17th-18th centuries. the ruinous raids of the "kharyuchi" - the Trans-Ural Nenets, became more frequent, the Gorodetsky Shar channel became shallow, which made it difficult to approach the city by water. Since the 18th century. Pustozersk gradually lost its significance, in 1924 it lost its status as a city and was finally abandoned in 1962. Streets are named in honor of Pustozersk in Naryan-Mar and Telvisk.

Naryan-Mar is located in the lower reaches of the Pechora, about 100 km from the Barents Sea. It is the capital and the only city of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug; it is home to almost 70% of the population. Naryan-Mar is one of the few cities in the world beyond the Arctic Circle. Winter lasts 240 days a year, the last snow melts at the end of July. For two months of the year, in December and January, it plunges into the long polar night. In winter, frosts are up to -45 ° С, in December the polar lights shimmer over the city in all colors. Translated from the Nenets language, Naryan-Mar is "red city". The post office building, built in 1950 and crowned with a turret in the shape of a Nenets plague, became the symbol of the polar city.

Naryan-Mar today is an important transport hub in the region, an airport, a commercial port on the Northern Sea Route.

general information

Location : northwest of the European part of the Russian Federation, the coast of the Arctic Ocean.
Administrative affiliation : Northwestern Federal District.

Administrative division : city of district subordination Naryan-Mar, Zapolyarny district and urban-type settlement Seekers.
Administrative center : Naryan-Mar city - 24 535 people. (2016).

Formed: 1929
Languages: Russian, Nenets.
Ethnic composition : Russians - 63.31%, Nenets - 17.83%, Komi - 8.61%, Ukrainians - 2.34% (2010).
Religions: Orthodoxy, shamanism.
Currency unit : Russian ruble.
The rivers: Pechora, Vizhas, Oma, Sheaf, Pesha, Volonga, Indiga, Black, More-Yu.
Lakes: Vashutkins, Golodnaya Guba, Gorodetskoe, Vars, Nes.
An airport: federal significance Naryan-Mar.
Neighboring subjects of the Russian Federation and water areas : in the north - the White, Barents and Kara Seas, including the adjacent islands that are not under the jurisdiction of the Arkhangelsk Region; in the east - the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, in the south - the Komi Republic, in the west - the Arkhangelsk Region.

Numbers

Square: 176 810 km 2.
Length: from north to south - about 315 km and from west to east - more than 900 km.
Population: 43 838 people (2016).
Population density : 0.25 people / km 2.
Urban population : 72.4% (2016 est.)
Length of sea coastline : about 3000 km.
Highest point : 423 m, Mount Moreiz (Wesei-Peh, Pai-Khoi ridge).

Distance (Naryan-Mar) : 660 km east of Arkhangelsk, 1501 km north-east of Moscow.

Climate and weather

Subarctic, in the extreme northeast - arctic.
Cool summers, cold long winters.
Average January temperature : -12 ° С in the south, -22 ° С in the northeast.
Average temperature in July : + 13 ° С in the south, + 6 ° С in the northeast.
Average annual rainfall : from north to south 370-500 mm.
Average annual relative humidity : from south to north 75-85%.

Economy

GRP: 183.7 billion rubles. (2014), per capita - 4,252,400 rubles. (2016).
Minerals : oil, natural gas, coal, fluorite, iron, manganese, titanium, diamonds, peat, building materials, mineral springs.
Industry: oil refining, forestry (lumber), food (fish processing, butter, meat processing plant).

Naryan-Mar seaport.
Agriculture : animal husbandry (reindeer husbandry, fur cage farming), plant growing (potatoes, vegetables, turnips).
Marine fishing and marine animal hunting.
Traditional crafts : sewing cloak, production of souvenirs.
Services sector: tourist, transport (including shipping on the Pechora), trade.

sights

Natural

Kolguev and Vaygach islands

Kara meteorite crater

Lake Hungry Lip

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug belongs to the regions of the Far North. The climate is universally subarctic, in the far north turning into arctic: the average January temperature is from −3 ° C in the far north to −22 ° C in the southeast, the average July temperature is from +6 ° C in the north to +16 ° C in the south; the amount of precipitation is about 350 mm per year; permafrost. The Nenets Okrug is subject to a systematic invasion of Atlantic and Arctic air masses. Frequent changes in air masses are the reason for the constant variability of the weather. In winter and autumn, winds with a southern component prevail, and in summer, northern and northeastern winds, caused by the invasion of cold Arctic air on the heated continent, where atmospheric pressure is lowered at this time. The air temperature in summer is determined by the amount of solar radiation and therefore naturally rises from north to south. The average July temperature in Naryan-Mar is + 12 ° C. In the cold half of the year, the main factor in the temperature regime is the transfer of heat from the Atlantic, therefore, a decrease in temperature from west to east is clearly expressed. The average January temperature in Naryan-Mar is -18 ° C, winter lasts on average 220-240 days. The entire territory of the district is located in the zone of excessive moisture. Annual precipitation ranges from 400 mm (on the coast of the seas and on the Arctic islands) to 700 mm. The minimum precipitation is observed in February, the maximum - in August - September. At least 30% of precipitation falls in the form of snow, permafrost is present.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug was formed July 15, 1929 Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the basis of the will of the Nenets people.

The territory of the district is 176.7 thousand sq. km. In its current borders, the Okrug borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic and the Mezensky District of the Arkhangelsk Region; from the north, the border runs along the coast of the White, Barents and Kara Seas, including the adjacent islands not included in the jurisdiction of the Arkhangelsk Region. The administrative center of the district is Naryan-Mar.

Economy of the region

Production of gross regional product

The region's economy is of a single-industry nature, and the main increase in the gross regional product is provided by oil production.

In 2013 - 2014 compared to 2012, a slight increase in the physical volume of the gross regional product of 4.5% is forecasted, which is due to the stabilization of oil prices, an increase in the dollar exchange rate, as well as a slight increase in oil production in the Okrug associated with the projected commissioning of oil fields. ... R. Trebs and them. A. Titov and reaching the industrial level of production at the Central - Khoreyver Uplift field (blocks No. 1, 2, 3, 4).

Industrial production

According to the data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (hereinafter referred to as the Territorial Statistical Office), in 2012 the industrial production index is an aggregated production index by types of economic activities “mining”, “manufacturing”, “production and distribution of electricity, gas and water ”amounted to 89.4% of the 2011 level. The decline in the production index was due to the decline in oil production. Since 2013, there has been a slight increase in this indicator by 10.1%, due to the start of the implementation of investment projects related to oil production.

Mining:

In 2012, oil production amounted to 13.5 thousand tons, in 2013 there is a slight decrease in comparison with the previous year by 1.5%, which is associated with a drop in production from one of the largest companies operating in the region. In 2014 - 2016, the volume of oil production in the region will increase to 15%, thanks to the commissioning of new fields, namely, within the framework of trial production, it is planned to start oil production at the Yuzhno-Toraveyskoye oil field (LLC NGK Development of Regions). Also, as part of trial production in 2014, it is planned to start production at the new fields of the OJSC SK Rusvietpetro - Severo-Sikhoreyskiy, Syurkharatinskiy, Urernyrskiy.

In 2015, it is planned to start oil production at the field. A. Titova.

The natural resource potential of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a reliable basis for a sustainable long-term large-scale development of the Okrug's productive forces and is distinguished by significant reserves of hydrocarbons (oil, natural gas, gas condensate).

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the State Balance of Reserves includes 89 deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials: 77 oil fields, 6 oil and gas condensate, 1 gas and oil, 4 gas condensate.

As of 01.10.2013, 101 licenses are valid for the right to use subsoil for the purpose of geological exploration, exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, including 21 licenses for the purpose of geological exploration (NP).

In total, in the Okrug, as of 01.10.2013, 27 subsoil users are license holders, of which 3 subsoil users are holders of licenses only for the right to geological exploration of subsoil.

The main oil producing enterprises operating in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are: OJSC Rosneft, LLC LUKOIL-Komi, LLC Polar Siyanie Company, JSC Total Exploration Development Russia, LLC Naryanmarneftegaz.

Manufacturing production:

Four enterprises are engaged in industrial processing of agricultural products in the district. Reindeer and cattle meat is processed by OJSC "Myasoprodukty", milk - by OJSC "Vita", OJSC "Nenets agro-industrial company", fish - by LLC "Argus".

The main goal of OJSC "Myasoprodukty" is to ensure the primary processing of raw materials produced by agricultural producers of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the production of sausages and semi-finished meat products to provide them to the population of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The company employs over 180 people.

The financial and economic condition of the enterprise is characterized as stable.

The company is actively working to expand the range and improve the quality of products, the volume of sales, which is increasing from year to year. Despite the fact that commercial organizations and entrepreneurs import meat products from other manufacturers to the district, OJSC “Myasoprodukty” does not experience significant difficulties in selling its products due to its high quality and biological value. The recognition of the products of OJSC "Myasoprodukty" is evidenced by the numerous awards received by the company at interregional and all-Russian competitions.

The existing capacities of OJSC “Myasoprodukty” can process meat and venison within the limits of 700 tons in carcass weight. Based on the district reindeer population growing from year to year, and the forecast for the development of reindeer husbandry until 2020, it is planned to further expand, re-equip and modernize the enterprise.

Dairy products are processed by both agricultural producers independently and OJSC Nenets agro-industrial company, OJSC Vita. The range of products is over 20 items.

The processing and sale of fish in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is handled by LLC "Argus". The assortment of Argus LLC is 39 types.

To develop and achieve positive results in the fishing industry, the authorities have taken measures to include the investment project “Construction of a fish hatchery for reproduction and replenishment of whitefish fish stocks in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug” in the list of priority projects in the Northwestern Federal District. The implementation of this project will make it possible to build a new modern fish processing complex, provide the district with high-quality and wide range of fish products, and create about 100 new jobs. As a result of the construction of fish receiving points, a fish meal plant, the amount of fish caught will increase, and up to 160 people will be provided with employment in the fishing industry in rural settlements.

Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water:

The main enterprises that generate electricity for the needs of the region are: State Unitary Enterprise NAO Naryan-Marskaya Power Plant, the Severzhilkomservis Municipal Enterprise of the Zapolyarny District, power plants of agricultural producers; the enterprises that generate heat are: Naryan-Mar municipal unitary enterprise of combined boiler houses and heating networks, the prospecting municipal unitary enterprise Poszhilkomservis, and the Severzhilkomservis enterprise of the Zapolyarny district.

Oil producing enterprises generate electric and thermal energy for their own needs.

In 2012, the population consumed 40.4 million kW of electricity. h, which is lower than in 2011 by 1.0%, other consumers 68.6 million kWh, which is 0.6% higher than in 2011. In 2013-2014, there is an increase in consumption by an average of 3.0%.

Construction

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, a long-term target program of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug "Housing" for 2011-2022 is being implemented, within the framework of which the following indicators will be achieved:

The resettlement of 1.5 thousand families was ensured and 116.1 thousand square meters were demolished. meters of housing unfit for habitation, including at the first stage: 752 families (2022 people) were resettled and 69.5 thousand square meters were demolished. meters, at the second stage: 762 families (2051 people) were resettled and 46.6 thousand square meters were demolished. meters;

The total area of ​​the built (acquired) residential premises within the framework of the subprogram "Resettlement of citizens of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug from the housing stock recognized as unfit for living, and / or with high level wear "is 83.0 thousand square meters;

The number of families who have improved their living conditions within the framework of the subprogram "Construction (acquisition) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social tenancy agreements and specialized residential tenancy agreements" is 3.57 thousand families;

The increase in the total area of ​​residential premises is 185 thousand square meters, or 118.7% of the total area of ​​housing at the beginning of the implementation of the subprogram "Construction (acquisition) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social employment contracts and contracts for the lease of specialized residential premises";

The level of provision with the total area of ​​housing for 1 person is 27 square meters or 118% of the indicator at the beginning of the subprogram "Construction (acquisition) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social tenancy agreements and contracts for the lease of specialized residential premises."

International trade

Exports of goods in 2013 compared to the same period last year increased by 2.0% and amounted to 4.8 billion US dollars, by 2016 to increase to 5.4 billion US dollars. At the same time, almost all exports are carried out to non-CIS countries. Export growth is directly related to the expansion of oil production in the Okrug. The bulk of exports from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is crude oil, the rest is fish. The overwhelming part of imports falls on machinery and equipment purchased by oil-producing companies for the development of fields.

Consumer market

The retail trade turnover in 2013 compared to the same period last year increased by 4.3% and amounts to 6,727.7 million rubles, in 2014-2016 this indicator will increase annually in comparable prices by 4-5 percent. This is connected with the growth of incomes of the population, and with the increase in the range and quality of goods offered by trading organizations. Turnover volume Catering in 2013-2016 it is expected to be at the 2012 level.

In the structure of paid services to the population, utilities and passenger transport services prevail, however, in the forecast period, the share of housing and communal services will increase. The volume of paid services of cultural and physical culture and sports institutions has significantly increased, which is associated with the commissioning of new facilities, in particular, a new ice palace has been built, a new cultural and leisure center is being used at full capacity.

ODS in the region

The official assessment of the regulatory impact in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug began on January 1, 2014. At the end of 2013, an RIA of two draft regulatory legal acts was carried out in order to identify difficulties associated with the implementation of the RIA procedure. All documents are posted on the official portal of the authorized body at http://dfei.adm-nao.ru/orv.

In accordance with Federal Law No. 176-FZ dated 02.07.2013 "On Amendments to the Federal Law" On general principles organizations of legislative (representative) and executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation "and Articles 7 and 46 Federal law"On the general principles of organization local government in the Russian Federation "on the assessment of the regulatory impact of draft normative legal acts and examination of normative legal acts" by the law of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug dated 07.10.2013 No. 98-oz "On Amendments to the Law of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug" On Regulatory Legal Acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug " Article 23.1, which establishes, from January 1, 2014, the procedure and procedures for interaction of the executive authorities of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the preparation of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the framework of assessing the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (hereinafter - RIA) and examination of regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (hereinafter - the examination of regulatory legal acts).

By the Resolution of the Administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug dated October 30, 2013 No. 382-p "On the implementation of procedures for assessing the regulatory impact of drafts of normative legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and examination of normative legal acts of the current normative legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug" district authorized to implement the RIA procedure (hereinafter referred to as the authorized body) and approved the Regulationon the procedure for assessing the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and examination of the current regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

RIA is carried out in order to identify provisions that introduce excessive obligations, prohibitions and restrictions for business and investment entities or facilitate their introduction, as well as provisions that contribute to the occurrence of unjustified expenses of business and investment entities and the district budget of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

RIA is a set of procedures that allows the developer of regulatory decisions in the process of preparing draft regulatory legal acts to consider the widest possible range of possible regulatory measures, assess the costs and benefits of both the addressees of regulation (entrepreneurs, investors, citizens) and budgets of all levels, eliminate administrative barriers, offer the most effective solution, as well as assess its possible consequences.

As part of the implementation of the RIA procedure, the authorized body carries out:

control over the implementation of the procedure for conducting the RIA procedure by the bodies - developers of the draft regulatory legal act of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug;

regulatory and informational and methodological support of the RIA procedure;

quality control of the execution of procedures and preparation of conclusions on RIA by the bodies - developers of the draft regulatory legal act of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, including quality control of public consultations;

assessment of the actual impact of existing government regulation;

involvement of the business community in the discussion of draft regulatory legal acts in the framework of the RIA;

conclusion of Agreements on cooperation in conducting RIA between the authorized body and regional associations of entrepreneurs;

preparation of periodic information on the development and results of the RIA procedure in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug;

posting on the official website of the Economic Development Department of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug on the "Regulatory Impact Assessment" page of information on conducting RIA.

Yamal. Polar region. Center of Western Siberia. The outpost of Russia in the harsh Artik ... The inner content of these words, as in a lens, was focused in the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The modern and beautiful city of Salekhard, which has a 500-year history, is heading towards tomorrow with a confident course.

Salekhard - the capital of Yamal

According to archaeologists, in the place where the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is now located, people built settlements over two thousand years ago.

Subsequently, not far from the mouth of the Poluy River, which flows into the Ob, the Cossacks, during the development of the Arctic Circle, built the Obdorsk prison, which gradually turned into a fortress city - one of many in the north of Siberia.

In 1595, on the site of the prison, Obdorsk was formed, two centuries later it became the volost center of the Tobolsk province.

The inhabitants hunted and fished and were engaged in trade: there were one and a half hundred trade shops for 30 houses. At the beginning of winter, the Obdorsk winter fair was held here, where furs, mammoth bones, fish and bird feathers were exchanged for flour, cloth, tobacco and alcohol, which were brought here by hundreds of merchants.

In 1933, when Obdorsk became the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, it was renamed into Salekhard, which from Nenets means "Settlement (in the Nenets language -" village ") on a cape (in the Nenets language -" hard ")".

Geographical position

Geographic coordinates of Salekhard: 66 degrees and 32 minutes north latitude, 66 degrees and 37 minutes east longitude.

Many well-known enterprises and companies operate in the capital of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug:

• River port;
• fish cannery;
• bakery;
• trucking company;
• railway and aviation transport companies;
• representative offices of gold mining, gas and oil companies, including Gazprom and Lukoil - Western Siberia.

Salekhard's administration also solves issues of social and economic development of the city.

In 2009, an administrative complex was built specifically to accommodate the administration on the banks of the Shaitanka River.

Population of Salekhard

The Russian population began to appear in Obdorsk at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1897, 500 people lived here, who were engaged in hunting for fur animals, fishing and trade.

At the end of the 20th century, when the mass development of the Yamal lands began, the population of the capital of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug began to grow rapidly. Today Salekhard has a population of 45 thousand people.

People come here to work on gas and oil rigs. Scientists, teachers, doctors are coming. Not only a good "northern" salary, but also the romance of the Arctic Circle attracts many to Salekhard. Population of indigenous origin - Khanty and Nenets, or Samoyeds. These are surprisingly laconic and modest people with a traditional way of life, distinctive culture, interesting customs, rituals and beliefs.

Many tribes continue to live in the tundra and, like their ancestors, are engaged in fishing, hunting, reindeer herding, and believe in spirits. They roam from pasture to pasture with thousands of herds of deer.

They live in tents, built, like many centuries ago, from long poles and reindeer skins. Boys from the age of four know how to handle a lasso and control sledges, girls - to light a fire in a tent and sew national clothes.

The architectural appearance of the city

The ancient city of Salekhard has changed a lot since the time of the Obdorsk prison. Today it has a modern architectural appearance. Intensive housing development and the construction of new social infrastructure buildings are underway. After the renovation, the old houses were given a look corresponding to the general architectural style. Multi-storey buildings look like a multi-colored palette against a cloudy day or white snow. They are painted in rich, bright, picturesque colors: cherry and blue roofs, green, blue, orange, yellow walls - the color scheme fills the harsh northern city with special warmth, creates coziness.

Many architectural objects are unusual. One of the memorable structures is the Fakel cable-stayed bridge with a single pylon. There is a restaurant here, right above the water surface of the Shaitanka River.

The capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug has a peaceful attitude to any religion. This is evidenced by the fact that on the territory of the city there are adjacent Orthodox churches and a mosque, which is closest to all other mosques in Russia located to the Arctic Circle.

Next to it is the construction of the Cathedral of the Transfiguration.

The first stone temple of Salekhard is the Peter and Paul Cathedral, built in 1894. Snow-white walls, light blue towers, golden domes with crosses - under the low polar sky against the backdrop of the endless tundra and the river, the building seems airy, directed upward.

The sculptural world of Salekhard

The sculptural world of Salekhard is unusual. There are a large number of monuments dedicated to animals that embody the sacred spirits of the indigenous inhabitants of Yamal:

• There is a 10-meter mammoth near the ferry crossing. More than 40 extinct mammoths were found in the north of Siberia, among them are the Yamal mammoths Masha and Lyuba.
• On the embankment of the Shaitanka River, there is a six-meter monument to the reindeer - the main wealth of the tundra, a symbol of goodness and immortality.
• The bypass road is crowned with a sculptural composition dedicated to the Siberian Cranes, a sacred bird of the indigenous peoples of the North that brings happiness to everyone who sees it.
• Near the cinema "Polaris" perched a small sculpture - a dragonfly immortalized in stainless steel.
• In the center of the waiting room at the Salekhard airport, it is as if tundra swans are trying to take off - a symbol of returning to their native lands.
• Near the building of the hotel "Arktika", a bear with a teddy bear, carved from granite, represent the 10-ton composition "Constellation".
• At the airport, two bears froze on snow-covered ice floes. They support the shield "Emblem of Yamal in the crown". It is a vivid image of the connection between people and the nature of the Arctic.
• The entrance to Salekhard is marked by the stele of the same name, depicting the inhabitants of the water, heavenly and earthly spaces of the Arctic coast: seagulls, walruses and bears reflect the natural world of Yamal.

"Tundra, call me from afar ..."

The capital of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a special world.

In winter, there are hundreds of snowflakes fluttering in the light of lanterns. The snow is crisp underfoot. The flashes of the northern lights cause admiration, the flickering of a multi-colored canvas is mesmerizing. The shining whiteness of the snow dazzles the eyes, the sun's rays scatter in sparks on an even white blanket ...

In the fall, the tundra reels the soul, bright, saturated with short northern summers. It is filled with a subtle bird's whistle, a subtle bitter smell of wormwood and a taste of lingonberry, sweet and sour with a slight bitter taste ...

Lilac thickets of willow-tea. Dwarf birches and touching Christmas trees. Blue-blue lakes and rivulets scattered across the tundra. A leaden sky with low heavy clouds, as if pressed to the ground. The smooth surface of the river is steel ...

The air is transparent and crystal clear - it is impossible to breathe. The nature of the North is majestic and laconic.

Anyone who is going to Yamal for the first time may need a few quick tips:

• Aerosols and other mosquito repellants and as close as possible clothing - protection from raging mosquitoes and annoying midges.
• Waterproof shoes are the best footwear for swampy tundra.
• The tundra hospitably opens its arms to everyone, and you need to treat it in such a way as not to hurt it with your presence. The traditional footwear of northern peoples has been made since ancient times so as not to damage the soil cover, not to harm the northern nature, which generously endows everyone: reindeer with moss, people with mushrooms and berries, and sometimes it takes centuries to restore strength and natural resources.

Salekhard, Russia, the Arctic Circle - a world where nature is strict and majestic, and people are open and hospitable.

The territory of the Nenets Okrug is unique, here it is the only standard of flat tundra in Europe, where you can see untouched landscapes and natural complexes. The wealth of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is not only the minerals that lie on its territory, but also the unique northern nature, and the ancient people of reindeer herders with thousand-year traditions.

The Nenets Autonomous District, located in the north of the East European Plain, is part of the Northwestern Federal District and borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the Mezensky District of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Komi Republic. The population of the district is 42 789 people (as of 2013). The area of ​​the district is 175.81 thousand square meters. km. The Nenets Okrug occupies the Kanin Peninsula, two large islands - Vaigach and Kolguev and small islands - Peskov, Dolgiy, Bolshoy Zelenets, Maly Zelenets, Sengeevsky, Gulyavskie Koshki and others. Almost all of the district's lands, except for the southwestern part, are located beyond the Arctic Circle and are washed by the seas of the Arctic Ocean - the Barents, White and Kara seas.

In 1929, the Nenets Okrug became the first national okrug in the Far North, and in 1977 it was renamed the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Russians make up two-thirds of the district's population, and a third are small peoples of the North, Komi and Nenets.

The administrative center - the city of Naryan-Mar (translated from the Nenets as "Red City") is located 1500 km from Moscow. There is no time difference with Moscow. You can get to the city by plane, and during the shipping season from mid-June to October - by sea. The city was founded in the 30s of the twentieth century as a seaport and river pier. Now Naryan-Mar is one of the main transshipment bases for oil tankers.

The Nenets Okrug is located in the Arctic climatic zone, where the influence of Atlantic cyclones is strong, which is why the weather is constantly changing here. The subarctic climate is harsh - winters are cold here, lasting up to 5 months in the western part of the Okrug, and up to 6.5 months in the east. The average temperature in winter is 11-20 C, in summer - + 6-13 C. Thaws occur in winter, and frosts occur in summer. In autumn, the sea softens the climate on the coast a little, and makes it cooler in spring and summer. The maximum amount of precipitation usually falls from August to September. Fogs and snowstorms are common in the area.

Most of the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is covered by permafrost, which is interrupted on the coast and in the southern part. Most of the lands of the Nenets Okrug are tundra - arctic mountainous, northern, southern, a quarter is in the forest tundra and a small part, about 8% of the entire territory - in the northern taiga.

The Nenets Okrug is of great interest for extreme, geological, ethnographic and ecological tourism. For nature lovers and scientists, there is simply expanse here.

On the territory of the Okrug, there is the Nenets State Natural Reserve with an area of ​​almost 314 hectares, of which 182 hectares are in the sea area. The reserve occupies the northeast of Malozemelnaya tundra, the Pechora delta and all the islands of the Pechora Bay. The reserve preserves both unique endemic plants and rare species of birds and animals - the small swan, white-tailed eagle, white-billed loon, white-fronted goose, Atlantic walrus, gray seal, sea hare (bearded seal), ringed seal, there is a rare amphibian - Siberian salamander ... The bays are visited by rare cetaceans - northern fin whales and high-browed bottlenose.

In the Pechora delta, valuable species of fish spawn - navaga and salmon, salmon, omul, grayling are found in the lakes, smelt and Arctic cod walk in the coastal waters.

Be sure to visit one of the most memorable places in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which is a unique area of ​​the Belaya River on Northern Timan. Geographically, Northern Timan is a gentle upland, consisting of four ridges stretching from the southeast to the northwest.

In its upper course, the Belaya River meanders in high rocky banks, consisting of whitish quartz sandstone. Thanks to frosty weathering and rain flows that wash away the destroyed material from the slopes, the banks are adorned with bizarre figures of outliers, which give free rein to fantasy and imagination. The soft rock of sedimentary origin is so aggravated by severe temperature and water weathering that strong winds blow amazing statues, monuments, pillars, arches from shapeless cobblestones. Here you can see vases, dinosaurs, figures of people and animals, chess pieces and dilapidated buildings. A real Stone City! Everywhere there are whole placers of white, shimmering like snow, sand, such as you will not find in the most fashionable resorts. The tundra is also surprising here - instead of the standard wet swamp covered with moss, dwarf birch and willow, there is a pleasant dry surface covered with reindeer lichen, pebbles and sand. Affected by rugged terrain with excellent drainage and very strong winds.

Downstream, Belaya flows in relatively low, overgrown with bushes, banks, and then again rushes into a narrow, deep canyon. Here Belaya cuts through the Chaitsyn Kamen ridge, and on its high banks majestic and beautiful, and at the same time gloomy rocks of sandstones and basalts are exposed. This is a unique natural monument - the Big Gate canyon.

Along the entire course of the river, there are beautiful outcrops of rocks, in some places plumbing into the water. There are splendid agates on the shallows. In the basalts of the Big Gate canyon, there are frequent secretions made of chalcedony, beautiful bluish agate with transparent crystals of rock crystal in the form of bubbles inside, purple amethyst and other minerals.

The river is rapids and requires attention and special care from the traveler. There are places completely littered with huge boulders with several waterfalls, up to one and a half meters high, under which there is the main danger - foam boilers. Water, roaring out through a narrow gap, falling, forms not even foamed water, but water foam with an extremely low density.

The water in the river is so transparent that, even climbing the rock, you can see all the inhabitants of the river - grayling, brown trout, salmon. The abundance of fish in the river is simply amazing. Often, the number of throws of the spinning rod coincides with the number of fish caught. On its banks you can find thickets of Karelian birch, resembling orchards; in some areas along the banks rowan, currant, aspen, and spruce grow. There is something to feast on: there are a lot of cloudberries in the bogs, and blueberries and blueberries on the slopes.

The Belaya River can be interesting both for water tourism and for walking: its banks are passable along the entire length.

Berry lovers will not be able to pass by the huge fields of cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries and lingonberries, mushroom pickers can also "hunt" - there are many edible mushrooms in the tundra.

On the territory of the district, the sites of ancient people were discovered, which date back to the Paleolithic era (8th millennium BC), and settlements of people of the Bronze Age. On the island of Vaygach, the sacred island of the Nenets, 200 monuments of the ancient Nenets culture were discovered - sanctuaries and cemeteries, parking lots, idols, altars.

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the lower reaches of the Pechora River, 26 kilometers from Naryan-Mar, there is one of the memorable places of the Russian North - the place where the ancient capital of the entire Pechora Territory, Pustozersk, was located.

The territory of the ancient settlement of Pustozersk is located on the shores of Lake Gorodets. It was founded in 1499 during the expedition of the Moscow squad to the Ugra land by the governors of Ivan III: princes P. Ushaty, S. Kurbsky and V. Brazhnik. During the 16-19 centuries it was the economic and cultural center of the Pechora region, played an important role in the development of the Far North and the development of Arctic navigation. It was a place of exile for state criminals.

In 1644, a prison for thieves and disgraced people was set up in Pustozersk - the most terrible and distant one in the north of the state. Here for about 15 years the ideologist of the Old Believers and the outstanding Russian writer of the 17th century, Archpriest Avvakum, languished in prison. The famous diplomat and cultural figure of the 17th century, boyar Artamon Matveyev, was for several years. Among the prisoners were princes Semyon Shcherbaty, Ivan Dolgoruky, participants in the uprisings of K. Bulavin, S. Razin, Solovetsky "sitting" and others.

The monument includes an ancient settlement (fortress) and a settlement part. The cultural layer from the side of Lake Gorodets (southern and eastern parts of Pustozersk) is almost 4 meters high and contains the entire suite of cultural strata for 500 years. Archaeological work has been carried out since 1987 by the AAE under the leadership of O.V. Ovsyannikov.

Monument to Pustozersk (obelisk), opened on August 2, 1964. Located on the site of the former Pustozersk. Erected on the initiative of V.I. Malyshev, Doctor of Philology, Director of the Ancient Storehouse of the Pushkin House (St. Petersburg), designed by the chief architect of Arkhangelsk V. M. Kibirev. It was built at the expense of the Arkhangelsk Regional Executive Committee by the Leningrad master-builder S. T. Ustinov, with the participation of students from the Naryan-Mar Construction School.

The monument is a four-sided obelisk built of stone of the former foundation of the Transfiguration Church (height 3.7 m, width 1.4 m) on the north side - a marble slab with the following content: “At this place was the city of Pustozersk, founded in 1499 , the economic and cultural center of the Pechora Territory, which played an important role in the development of the Far North and in the development of Arctic navigation. From here, industrialists came out to develop Novaya Zemlya, Spitsbergen and Siberian rivers. "

In the last century, Pustozersk became an object of versatile study by specialists. The city existed until the middle of the twentieth century. Now only monuments and grave crosses of old empty lake cemeteries remind of its former glory. But interest in the history of Pustozersk continues unabated. As evidenced by the Avvakum Readings held in Naryan-Mar, the constant desire of residents and guests of the Nenets Okrug to visit this unique place. In 1991, the territory of the former Pustozersk was declared a museum zone.

The city of Naryan-Mar is located beyond the Arctic Circle in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The main post office building of the district is a visiting card and the main architectural heritage of the city.

Naryan-Mar is a small town, which you can get around in one day. There are no special attractions here, the weather is harsh. But despite this, tourists who come here can have a great time. The houses in the city are painted orange and yellow, so they look pretty interesting in the sun. The nature of Naryan-Mar amazes with its pristine beauty and severity. But the main feature and attraction of the city is the building of the main post office. This old building is a real architectural masterpiece that resembles a church in its appearance. In the good old days, the telegraph office of the Arctic Circle was located here, now it is the office of the Russian Post and the city administration. Previously, there was a beautiful and large clock on the highest tower of the building, then it was removed and replaced with a spire. In 2000, the building of the main post office of the city of Naryan-Mar was carefully restored.

The town has high food prices, poor cellular communication and the Internet, travel here is only suitable for people with strong spirit who prefer to live far from civilization. The reward will be beautiful nature and local attractions, even if there are not so many of them.

For local residents, the main post office is not only a cultural and architectural monument of history - it is a kind of visiting card of the city and its main asset.

Your trip to Pym-Va-Shor will be unforgettable. State Natural Monument Pym-Va-Shor, which in translation from Komi means “hot water stream”. The only mineral-thermal springs in the Far North, first described by Archimandrite Veniamin in 1849, are located between the Pym-Va-Shor and Dyr-Shor streams - tributaries of the Adzva. This is a group of 8 sources with a total flow rate of 25-30 l / s. The water temperature in the springs in winter and summer is from 18 to 28 ° C (previously it reached 40 ° C). Some springs are located above the water level in the stream, while others are under water. The water of the springs contains a large set of microelements - titanium, chromium, iron, zinc, nickel, copper, bromine, etc. The gas dissolved in the water of the springs contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, radon. For the Nenets and Komi, the water of the Pym-Va-Shor springs has been considered healing since ancient times, curing stomach, lung and skin diseases. By the efforts of the geologists of the Polar-Ural expedition, a swimming pool was built (now it is partially destroyed). The springs are located in a very picturesque place. Streams cut through Carboniferous limestones, forming canyons. The limestone ridges are covered with red moss. One of them contains a cave.

The main dwelling of the Nenets Chum, which was built from 30-50 poles, was covered with two layers of reindeer skins with trimmed hair. The inner layer of skins was laid with wool inward, and the upper layer was laid out. In the summer, it was covered with tires sewn from boiled birch bark.

Since ancient times, the Nenets have lived in tents. For the Nenets, it is the center of all family life, which is perceived as a whole world. At the top of the plague there is a hole, which corresponds to the location of the sun during the day, and the month at night. The inclined poles, covered with skins, correspond to the air sphere that envelops the Earth. The richer the family was, the larger the chum was. Poor people have pointed chum, and blunt-pointed, on the contrary, Nenets with good incomes. Chum is built from poles. This requires 40 poles.

Then the poles are covered with cloths of reindeer skins, which the Nenets call nyukas. Deer skins are sewn into solid sheets and then covered with poles. It takes 65 to 75 deer to cover the chum in winter. From June to September there is a transition from winter to summer nukes. The diameter of the plague reaches up to 8 meters; it can contain up to 20 people.

Inside the plague, every object and every place has its own purpose since antiquity. The central axis of the plague is a pole, which the Nenets consider sacred and call it simzy. 7 heads of family and ancestral spirits are placed on it. For the shaman in the plague, simza was necessarily decorated with the image of the sacred minley bird. By simza, the smoke from the hearth rises to the upper opening of the plague. According to legends, heroes flew away on a sacred pole for battles and military exploits.

Behind the simza there is a sacred place - "si". Only older men are allowed to step on it. For children and women, this is a forbidden place. There is a sacred chest at this place. It contains the spirits of the patrons of the hearth, family and clan. All family savings and relics, weapons and a chest of tools are also kept there. These things are available only to the head of the house, and to other members are inviolable. The place “not” is for a woman, it is opposite the si, at the entrance. Here she does all the household chores. In the middle, between no and si, there is a sleeping place. A belt with amulets and a knife is placed at the head. Going to bed, the man takes refuge in a female yagushka. In summer, the sleeping place is fenced off with a canopy of chintz. The canopy is used only at night, during the day it is carefully rolled up and secured with pillows. Children lie next to their parents. Further from the simza, the unmarried elder sons lay down, then the elderly and other family members, including guests. It is very smoky in the plague, but in summer the smoke is a good escape from mosquitoes.

Chum often moved with its owners from place to place. Therefore, there are no beds or wardrobes in the chums. Of the furniture, there is only a small table - roofing paper and a chest. Before the advent of mobile power plants, lamps were used to illuminate the chum. They were made from bowls and filled with fish oil, in which the wick was immersed. Later, kerosene lamps appeared. There is a beater at the entrance to the chum for shaking snow from shoes and the hem of outer clothing.

There is a cradle for small children in the tent. Previously, the baby was placed in the cradle immediately after birth, and taken out only when he began to walk. Wood shavings and dry moss were poured into the bottom of the cradle. The skins of deer and arctic fox served as swaddling clothes. The child was attached to the cradle with special straps. When breastfeeding, the mother took the baby along with the cradle. Such cradles are still used today.

In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 320 amateur art groups have been created, which preserve the ancient cultural traditions of the small peoples of the North, constantly participate in All-Russian and international festivals and holidays.

At festivals and exhibitions held in the area, you can buy unique products from leather and fur, wood, bone and antler, made by craftsmen according to ancient traditions, and even be present at their creation.

You will enjoy a lot while traveling in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug! These will be both man-made monuments created by the ancient and modern inhabitants of these places, the original culture of the peoples living in this region today, and unique natural attractions.