The device of the front axle of the UAZ 469 differs from the rear analogue in some design features. In addition to the bridge girder and the differential, the unit includes equal speeds at the corners and a gearbox. The axle shaft housing is connected to the ball joint using a flange. The hinge body is secured by a pair of pins. A gearbox cover with a trunnion and a brake shield is bolted to the frame.

Description

To reduce the degree of wear of the assembly parts, it is recommended to turn off the front axle of the UAZ 469 when moving on a hard surface, the device of which will be considered below. You should also deactivate the hubs on the front wheels. To do this, remove the caps and unscrew the bolts from the shaft seat. As a result, the clutch is set to the position corresponding to the annular groove and the clutch face. After installing this element in the required position, they begin to tighten the protective cap.

The front wheel is activated by securely locking the bolts. The design of the bridge is focused on synchronous switching on and off of the drive of both wheels.

Front axle device UAZ 469

The crankcase, main gear and differential correspond to those of the rear counterpart. In modification 469B, an oil deflector ring and a right-hand thread with the "P" brand are provided. A ball joint is attached to the casing of the axle shaft. It is secured with five bolts. Bushings and pivots are pressed into it. In addition, the support has a wheel reducer housing cover and a steering knuckle housing. A trunnion and a brake shield are attached to the locking element with six bolts.

The pivot attachment of the rotary cam is mounted with an interference, the value of which is adjustable from 0.02 to 0.10 mm. To prevent this element from turning, locking pins are provided in the design. Position adjustment is made by means of shims installed at the top, between the knuckle lever. In addition, the position can be corrected by installing shims in the side and bottom of the part.

Peculiarities

The device of the front axle of the UAZ 469, the photo of which is presented above, assumes the presence of an oil seal, which is responsible for retaining the lubricant in the housing and protecting the rotary cam from contamination. The element consists of an inner cage, a partition, a felt pad and an outdoor unit. The oil seal is attached to the frame with bolts.

Protection against overflow of the lubricant mixture from the main gear case to the rotary cam is provided by an internal self-tightening rubber gland in a metal cage. The upper pivot elements and the ball joint are lubricated through special grease fittings. The lower elements are lubricated with a substance coming from the support by gravity.

Hinge

The UAZ 469 front axle device includes a hinged angular velocity stabilization system. Its design guarantees the stability of the angular velocity of the driving and follower shafts. In this case, the distance and deviation between them do not play a role. The hinge itself consists of a pair of forks, in the curved sockets of which four balls are placed. In the center compartments of these parts, there is a fifth locating ball that serves to center the forks.

Longitudinal movement of the joint is prevented by a ball bearing and a safety washer. The drive inner fork interacts with the differential pinion axle. On the edge of the outer driven fork, the main gear of the wheel reducer and a roller-type bearing with a lock nut are mounted. Internal engagement of the element takes place by means of a bolted connection. The driven part is aggregated with a roller bearing shaft and a bronze bushing in the middle of the journal. At the end of the shaft there is a device for deactivating the front wheels of the machine. It consists of a movable sleeve, spring, balls and bolts. The part is connected with the outer projections to the inner splines of the flange, which is fixed with bolts on the hub.

Gearbox device

469, the reducer device has almost identical to the wheel reducer of the rear axle. Among the differences between these elements is the method of installation and fastening of the drive gear, as well as the design of a ball bearing placed in a special glass socket. The leading one is mounted on the splines of the driven articulated yoke. It is fixed with bearings by means of a special nut, which is drilled into the groove of the shaft after tightening.

The support washer is located between the roller bearing and the gear. These parts are not interchangeable with those of the rear gearboxes. Maintenance is the same for both nodes.

UAZ 469 front axle device: connection diagram

The assembly and connection of the part in question is carried out in the following order:

1. The sleeve is inserted into the knuckle pin by pressing. It should be flush with the end of the seat. Then the sleeve is turned and adjusted with a special brooch to the required diameter.
2. Limiting the movement of the joint of identical angular longitudinal velocities is provided by washers installed in the trunnion and the ball joint. Their location should be directed by the lubrication grooves towards the hinge. The fixing washer is fixed by punching in several places at points evenly distributed around the circumference.
3. Replacing the pivot bushings involves pressing and screwing them to a diameter of 25 mm, with the ability to pass through each bushing.
4. When installing the hinge, grease is poured into the support.
5. The device of the front axle on the UAZ 469 involves the adjustment of the necessary axial tensions with the help of regulating inserts, on which the location of the bushings and the ball joint itself depends. At least five shims are used. The total thickness indicators at the top and bottom should not have a difference of more than 0.1 mm.
6. Before collecting the oil seal, the felt ring is soaked in warm engine oil.

After assembling the front axle, it is tested on the stand in a static state and under load. This position is created by synchronous braking of the axle shafts. If the unit is assembled correctly, there will be no increased noise of the unit, oil leakage in the oil seals and cuffs, as well as in the joints.

Maintenance

The device of the UAZ 469 front axle, the diagram of which is given above, provides for a number of preventive and adjusting operations during the operation. Among them:

• Periodic tightening of threaded connections.
• Checking the pivots for clearances.
• Correction of bearings.
• Repair of gear engagement points.
• Convergence check.
• Regular lubrication of rubbing parts according to the lubricant specification table.

A visual check of the UAZ 469 front axle device provides for an inspection of the steering knuckles for the integrity and suitability of the adjusting screws, limiting rotary stops, as well as the reliability of the stopper of these elements.

The design diagram of the unit under consideration is designed for the maximum angle of rotation of both wheels in the corresponding positions of the order of 27 degrees. An increase in this indicator indicates deformation of the articulated rotary cams, and this significantly complicates the repair.

Adjustment

The device of the front axle of the UAZ 469, the photo of which is given above, in the factory presupposes the adjustment of the pivot pin with a pretension. In this case, the same number of shims are installed at the top and bottom of the assembly.

The device of the front axle pivot of the UAZ 469 differs in that special attention must be paid to the tightening mode of these elements. Fixation weakens as a result of the gradual wear of the rubbing parts. Gaps along the axes appear between the pivot ends and the support rings.

Repair

The front 469, the design of which is discussed above, can sometimes require repair. For repair, you will need to remove the part and disassemble it. This process is carried out as follows:

• Pads are put on the rear wheels of the car.
• Nuts and other block mounting systems are unscrewed.
• The rod is unhooked from the bipod, after which the nuts on the shock absorbers and the ball pin are removed.
• The fastening of the front springs with linings is dismantled.
• The front part of the car is lifted by the frame, after which the assembly is dismantled.

The front axle of the UAZ 469, the device described above, requires professional service. But if you have the appropriate skills, you can manipulate this block on your own.

Front axle of the car UAZ-452

Device

The front drive axle is designed to transmit traction to the front steer wheels. The final drive and differential on the front axle are the same as on the rear axle. The axis of the pinion gear is displaced to the right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle by 190 mm.

To transmit force to the wheels at the outer ends of the axle shafts, there are hinges of equal angular velocities, which provide the same rotational speeds of the driving and driven forks at any angles of rotation of the wheels.

The hinge is located inside the pivot pin, the design of which is shown in Fig. 2.

Rice. 1. Hinge of equal angular velocities: 1 - driven fork; 2 - leading fork; 3 - central ball; 4 - leading balls; 5 - hinge assembly

The pivot pin assembly, with which the wheel is turned, consists of a ball joint bolted to the axle housing flange, a pivot journal body connected to the ball joint by means of two pins, and a pivot pin. A brake shield is installed on the pivot housing.

Rice. 2. Swivel pin: 1- driving fork; 2 - ball bearing; 3 and 17 - pivot shims; 4- kingpin: 5 - steering linkage lever; 6 - body of the pivot pin; 7-1 driven fork; 8 - pivot pin; 9-wheel hub; 10 - the leading flange of the hub; 11 - clutch; 12 - fixing ball; 13 - protective cap; 14 - bolt; 15 - splined end of the driven fork; 16 - king pin pad; 18 - thrust washers of the hinge of equal angular velocities: 19 - axle shaft casing; 20 - stuffing box

The pivot bearings are assembled with a preload, the adjustment of which is carried out with adjusting shims with a thickness of 0.1; 0.15 and 0.4 mm. The gaskets are installed at the top - between the ends of the steering linkage arm (on the left pivot pin) or the lining (on the right) and the pivot pin housing and at the bottom - between the ends of the lining and the pivot pin housing. The value of the preload in the bearings should be between 0.02-0.10 mm.

During operation, due to wear of the rubbing surfaces of these parts, the preload in the bearings disappears and a gap is formed in them, which adversely affects the durability of the bearings, which is eliminated by adjustment.

To reduce wear of the front axle parts and save fuel during long-term operation of the vehicle on hard-surfaced roads, it is recommended to turn off the front drive wheels.

For this purpose, a movable clutch is installed in the front axle on the splines of the driven fork, the outer splines of which are in engagement with the splines of the driving flange of the front hub.

Rice. 3. Position of the clutch when turning the front wheels on and off

To disengage the wheels, you need to disengage the clutch from the drive flange.

To do this, it is necessary to remove the protective cap and, by unscrewing the bolt from the driven fork, set the coupling to the position where the signal ring groove A on its surface is located in the same plane with the flange end. The bolt is held against spontaneous rotation by a locking ball and a spring. Turn on the wheels by screwing the bolt into the fork to failure.

It must be remembered that engaging the front axle with the wheels off is not allowed.

The front and rear axles have the same final drive and differential, therefore all instructions for adjusting the drive gear bearings, side play and contact in the meshing of the main gears and the rear axle differential bearings also apply to the front axle.

Maintenance

Maintenance of the front axle consists in performing the same operations as indicated for maintenance of the rear axle.

In addition, you must do the following.

When TO-1 lubricate the pins of the pivot pins through the grease nipple of the upper pivot.

With TO-2, remove the front wheel hubs and, swinging the trunnion up and down, determine the presence of play in the pivot pins. When a backlash appears, adjust. The adjustment procedure is shown at the end of this section.

Check the attachment of the steering linkage levers to the pivots.

Check the maximum steering angles of the front wheels (minimum turning radii).

Through TO-2, perform all the operations specified for TO-2, but instead of adding grease, rinse the hinges and put 300 g of fresh grease in them.

To replace the grease in the hinges, unscrew the bolts securing the wheel trunnion to the stub axle housing, remove the brake and trunnion (do not disconnect the flexible hydraulic brake hose), remove the hinge from the ball joint, remove the old grease, rinse the hinge and the ball joint and add 300 g of fresh grease. Reinstall the drive yoke carefully so as not to damage the oil seal in the ball joint.

Front axle malfunctions associated with the operation of the main gear and differential gears will be the same as those of the rear axle and are indicated in the Rear Axle Malfunctions section.

Removing and disassembling the front axle

For repair, it is necessary to remove the front drive axle from the car and disassemble.

After disassembling and washing the parts, you need to check their condition (wear) and determine their suitability for further work. Worn parts are replaced with new ones.

To remove the front axle from the vehicle:
- disconnect the pipelines of the hydraulic brake drive, shock absorbers, propeller shaft, steering bipod, springs;
- roll back the front axle and place it on a stand or stands.

Dismantling the front axle is performed in the following sequence.

Remove wheels and brake drums.

Remove the protective cap from the drive flange of the hub.

Unscrew the bolt from the driven yoke and remove the drive flange sliding sleeve.

Unscrew the nuts of the studs securing the drive flange of the front wheel hub. Install the two bolts installed on the flange and remove the flange from the splined end of the driven yoke.

Remove the front wheel hubs.

Remove support brake discs and pivots and remove constant velocity joints.

Remove the steering linkage arm and pivot pads with shim sets.

Remove the ball bolt nuts and remove the tie rod.

To disassemble the stub axle, you must:
- unscrew the bolts of the ball seal gland;
- press out the pins and remove the pivot housing;
- in case of wear of the oil seal installed in the ball joint, unscrew the bolts, remove the ball joint, press out the oil seal and replace it with a new one.

Disassembly of the front axle housing, the drive gear shaft of the main drive and differential, as well as adjustment of the double tapered bearing of the drive gear shaft of the main drive, differential bearings, adjustment of the lateral clearance and contact in the meshing of the main drive gears must be performed in accordance with the instructions made for these units in See the Rear Axle section.

The constant velocity joints are disassembled in the following order.

Mark with paint the relative position of the driven and driving forks.

Clamp the drive fork horizontally.

Turning the central ball with a flat towards one of the leading balls, move the driven fork to the side and remove the ball (passing by the flat).

Remove the other three balls in the same way.

Assemble the hinges in the following order.

Clamp the drive fork in a vise in an upright position.

Place the center ball into the spherical groove of the drive fork, flat to the side.

Place the driven fork on the center ball.

Turn the driven fork to the side and install the three driving balls into the grooves.

Spread the forks to the maximum angle and, turning the central ball with the flat side towards the fourth groove, insert the last (fourth) ball that will pass by the flat of the central ball.

The preload in the hinge between the balls should be such that the moment required to turn one fork from 10-15 ° in all directions from the axis with the other fork clamped in a vice is equal to 300-500 kgcm.

The balls are sorted into 9 groups to ensure correct assembly and to obtain the required preload. Each joint is assembled with balls of the same group or with balls of two adjacent groups, for example, two balls measuring 25.41 mm and two 25.44 mm.

When mounting, balls of the same size must be placed diametrically opposite each other.

The difference in diameters of two pairs of balls of one joint is allowed no more than 0.04 mm.

If there is a stand, roll the hinge on it at a varying angle from 0 to 30 ° for 2 minutes at a rotation speed of 300 rpm.

When running in, lubricate the joint with pivot grease.

Front axle assembly

The front axle must be assembled in the reverse order of disassembly. All instructions for assembling the rear axle apply to assembling the front axle. In addition to these instructions, the following should be considered.

Press the bush into the stub axle flush with the face of the seat under the thrust washer.

The oil grooves of the thrust washer installed on the pivot journal must face outward (towards the driven yoke flange).

The seating surface of the pivot pin must be lubricated with a thin layer of red lead, shellac or UN-25 sealing paste.

Lubricate the pivots with a liquid grease before assembling.

When setting the hinge, put the grease specified in the lubrication chart into the ball joint and the hinge.

When installing on the driven yoke, lubricate the sliding sleeve of the drive flange of the hub with a thin layer of grease 1-13 to prevent corrosion.

Lubricate the bearings of the pivots through grease nipples with grease "C" or grease "C".

The oil-separating ring of the front axle drive gear oil seal, installed between the flange and the inner ring of the bearing, has grooves at the end with the right direction of the turn and is marked with the letter "П".

The slinger ring installed in the rear axle has left-hand grooves and is unmarked. The oil scraper rings must not be confused in places, otherwise oil may leak from the oil seal.

After completing the assembly of the front axle, it is necessary to check the angles of rotation of the trunnions in each direction and the installation of wheel alignment.

After assembly, the front axle is checked at the stand under load and without it.

A properly assembled front axle during operation should not have increased noise, heating and oil leakage through the oil seal, covers and bolted connections.

The procedure for adjusting the bearings of the pivot pins is as follows.

Jack up the front axle.

Unscrew the wheel nuts and remove it.

Unscrew the bolts of the ball seal oil seal and move the oil seal.

Check the pivots for axial play by moving the pivot housing up and down with your hands. If there is a backlash, make an adjustment, for which:

unscrew the fastening nuts and remove the lever to the bipod link on the left pivot pivot, and on the right pivot pin the king pin pad (top), remove the thin (0.1 mm) shim and install the removed parts in place.

Unscrew the mounting bolts and remove the kingpin cover (bottom), remove the thin (0.1 mm) shim and install the kingpin cover in place.

To maintain the alignment of the cardan, remove the gaskets of the same thickness at the top and bottom.

Check build results. If the backlash is not eliminated, re-adjust by removing the thicker gasket (0.15 mm), and reinstall the thin one (0.1 mm).

Front pillar of UAZ

If we consider the design of the UAZ 469 front axle from the point of view of the arrangement of the middle part of the bridge girder, differential and main gear, we can draw an analogy with the rear driving axle. The front axle differs primarily in the design features of the wheel drive, which includes a gearbox and universal joints of equal angular velocities (see Fig.). A flange is used to connect the axle shaft housing (1) to the ball joint (3). The hinge body (5) is attached to the support using two pins (4). The gearbox cover (6) is bolted to this body, on which the trunnion (11) and the brake shield (12) are installed.

To reduce the wear of axle elements and fuel consumption while driving on hard road surfaces, it is recommended to turn off not only the UAZ front axle, but also the front wheel hubs. For this purpose, the protective caps are removed and the bolts are unscrewed from the shaft hole. As a result, the coupling is set in such a position that the annular signal groove on its surface is located in the same plane as the flange end. After the clutch is in the desired position, you can begin to tighten the protective cap.

The front wheel is engaged by tightening the bolts securely. The scheme of the bridge device provides for strictly simultaneous on and off for both wheels. In order to turn on the UAZ 469 bridge, you must first turn on both wheels without fail.

The repair of the front axle used on the UAZ 469 car requires knowledge of the wheel reducer, the circuit of which is similar to the wheel reducer of the rear axle. The main difference lies in the installation and fastening of the drive gear, as well as in design features a ball bearing installed in a special glass.

About maintenance

Repair and maintenance of the UAZ 469 front axle during operation requires, first of all, periodic checking and adjustment of the following parameters:

• threaded connections that need to be tightened from time to time;
• checking pivot connections for gaps;
• regulation of bearings;
• gear clutch repair;
• convergence check;
• adherence to the specifications in the lubricant table.

Visual inspection of the steering knuckles involves a thorough examination of the assemblies for the serviceability of the adjusting bolts, wheel steering limit stops and checking the reliability of locking these elements. The diagram of the front axle device provides for the maximum angle of rotation of the left and right wheels in the respective directions, which is 28 ° for UAZ 469 and 27 ° for UAZ 469B. A larger value of this parameter causes damage to the steering knuckle joints, as a result of which the repair becomes much more difficult.

Front pillar Patriot

At the factory, the steering knuckle pins are pre-tensioned. In this case, the same number of special gaskets are installed from below and from above. During the operation of the bridge, it is necessary to pay special attention to the state of tightening of the pins. The tightening is loosened as a result of wear of the rubbing surfaces. Axial gaps appear between the support rings and the ends of the pivots, which must be eliminated by removing the same number of spacers in the upper and lower parts. The total thickness of the spacers above and below should be practically the same, the maximum allowable difference is 0.1 mm.

Unplanned front axle repairs may be required if the front wheel angles are not properly checked. These angles largely determine not only the handling and stability of the car on the road, but also the degree of tire wear. In order to check the correctness of the angles, the machine is placed on a horizontal surface. The driving front axle diagram provides for the following wheel alignment angles:

• longitudinal slope of pivots - 3 ° ± 30 ′;
• camber - 1 ° 30 '± 15'.

Values ​​of the king pin lateral slope angles:

• for UAZ 469 - 8 °;
• for UAZ 469B - 5 ° 30 ′.

The wheel alignment is checked depending on how worn the rubber is. In order to adjust the toe-in, the machine is placed on a horizontal surface, the wheels are turned in the direction of forward motion. The toe value, shown in the photo as the difference between the distances A and B, can be from 1.5 to 3 mm. To check and adjust the toe-in horizontally, loosen the lock nuts with the left and right threads, and then change the length of the steering tie rod.

Repair features

Repair of the UAZ front suspension

Before carrying out work, the front axle must be removed from the machine and disassembled. Repair includes rinsing parts, assessing their condition and suitability for subsequent use. The crankcase, differential and final drive are repaired in the same way as the rear axle elements. In the event of deformation of the axle shaft housing, the restoration is carried out only in a cold state.

The front axle of the UAZ 469 is dismantled in the following order.

1. Pads are installed under the rear wheels of the car.
2. The brake pipes installed on the side members are disconnected from the flexible hose connected to the wheel brakes. Unscrew and remove the nuts with which the hoses are attached.
3. Remove the nuts holding the lower parts of the shock absorbers.
4. Unscrew the bolts with which the propeller shaft is connected to the flange of the drive gear.
5. Disconnect the rod from the bipod and remove the nut on its ball pin.
6. Unscrew the nuts securing the stepladders of the front springs, and then dismantle the linings, pads and stepladders.
7. The front part of the UAZ 469 is lifted by the frame.

If the axle is equipped with a spring suspension, steps 1-5 are followed, after which the anti-roll bar is disconnected from the trailing arms, and the transverse link and trailing arms from the corresponding brackets.

1 - axle shaft casing;
2 - driven gear;
3 - driving gear;
4 - double roller bearing;
5 - cuff;
6 - dirt reflector;
7 - flange;
8 - washer;
9 - nut;
10 - semi-axle cuff;
11 - gasket;
12 - ball bearing;
13 - bolt;
14 - ball seal gland;
15 - grease nipple;
16 - pad;
17 - kingpin;
18 - thrust washer;
19 - hub;
20 - brake drum;
21 - cap;
22 - wheel shut-off clutch;
23 - lock nut;
24 - adjusting nut;
25 - lock washer;
26 - wheel bolt;
27 - hub bearings;
28 - distance ring;
29 - hub cuff;
30 - pin;
31 - gasket;
32 - hinge of equal angular velocities;
33 - ball;
34 - thrust washer;
35 - semiaxis;
36 - main gear housing;
37 - oil filler plug;
38 - bolt;
39 - gasket.

Steering knuckle with wheel reducer

1 - cuff;
2 - gasket;
3 - ball bearing;
4 - upper kingpin;
5 - hinge of equal angular velocities;
6 - steering fist;
7 - ball bearing;
8 - hinge shaft;
9 - driving gear;
10 - driven shaft;
11 - roller bearing of the driven shaft;
12 - cuff;
13 - hub roller bearings;
14 - hub;
15 - lock washer;
16 - adjusting nut;
17 - lock nut;
18 - bolt;
19 - leading flange;
20 - coupling bolt;
21 - clutch;
22 - lock washer;
23 - retaining rings;
24 - pin;
25 - wheel;
26 - roller bearing of the driving gear;
27 - driven gear;
28 - oil drain plug;
29 - lower kingpin;
30 - rubber cuff;
31 - felt ring;
32 - cover;
33 - thrust washer;
34 - flange bolt.

Description of the structure

Two types of front axles are installed on cars - with a single main drive or with additional wheel reduction gears.

The axle with a single main drive consists of a cast-iron crankcase that is split in the vertical plane and steel tubular casings of the axle shafts pressed into it, additionally fixed by welding. The crankcase halves are bolted together through a gasket. The main gear with differential is located in the left half of the crankcase and forms the axle reduction gear.

The main drive pinion is installed in the crankcase on double angular contact roller and radial roller bearings located on both sides of its ring gear. The driven gear is bolted to the satellite box. The gears are conical with a spiral tooth, the gear ratio of the reducer is 4.625.

The satellite box consists of two bolted halves. It is mounted in the crankcase on two tapered roller bearings. The box contains two axles of satellites, four satellites and two side gears with thrust washers.

The bearings and the gearing of the main gears are adjusted by changing the thickness of the gaskets between the inner rings of the pinion bearing and the number of washers at the inner rings of the planetary gear box bearings.

For an axle without wheel reducers, a ball joint with two holes is bolted to the flange of each of the half-axle housings, into which bronze bushings are pressed. The bushings include two pivots pressed into the steering knuckle. A hollow journal is bolted to it, on which two identical tapered roller bearings of the wheel hub are installed. Five bolts are pressed into the hub, to which a stamped steel wheel with a landing diameter of 15 or 16 inches is attached with flare nuts. The hub bearings are adjusted by nuts mounted on the threaded end of the trunnion.

Each semiaxis consists of a driving and driven parts, connected by a ball joint of equal angular velocities of Weiss. The hinge is located inside a ball joint and consists of two profiled knuckles, which engage with each other by means of four balls placed in their grooves. The fifth (central) ball is located in the center of the hinge on the same axis with the pins. The driven part of the axle shaft passes inside the trunnion and is connected to the driving flange of the hub through the spline clutch for disengaging the wheel. The flange is fastened with pins through the gasket to the end of the hub.

The front axle with wheel reducers differs in that:

a gearbox with a spur cylindrical transmission of internal gearing and a gear ratio of 1.94 is attached to the steering knuckle body;
the main gear drive gear is cantilevered on two tapered roller bearings with a spacer sleeve between them;
the gear ratio of the main gear is reduced to 2.77, and, accordingly, the dimensions of the main gear case are reduced.

The drive gear of the reducer is installed on the splines of the driven part of the axle shaft.

Thanks to the use of wheel reducers, the vehicle's ground clearance is increased by 80 mm, which increases its cross-country ability.

The main gear and wheel reducers are lubricated with gear oil poured into their crankcases. The main drive housing and wheel gears have oil change holes closed with plugs with tapered threads. Hub bearings, constant velocity joints and pivots are lubricated with grease.

To prevent leakage of oil and grease, as well as to protect against the penetration of dirt inside, the front axle is equipped with gaskets between stationary parts, cuffs in the hubs and on the drive pinion shaft, as well as combined felt-rubber seals sliding along the spherical surface of the ball bearings. In order to prevent oil from the gearboxes from penetrating into the cavity of the ball bearings, cuffs are installed on the axle shafts, and the ball bearing of the wheel gear has an oil deflector.

POSSIBLE FAULTS OF THE FRONT AXLE, THEIR CAUSES AND REMEDIES

The main gear and differential of the front axle are similar in design to the rear axle. All instructions for maintenance and repair of the rear axle also apply to the front axle.

Maintenance

At maintenance check and, if necessary, adjust the pivot bearings, wheel alignment and maximum wheel steering angles, check and tighten the steering knuckle arm mounting, flush and change the grease in the steering knuckles. When inspecting the steering knuckles, pay attention to the serviceability of the stop-limiters 28 () for turning the wheels, adjusting bolts 27 and the reliability of their locking.

Check and adjust the axial clearance of the pins on the car in the following order:

1. Use the parking brake or chock the rear wheels to brake the vehicle.

2. Raise the front axle with a jack.

3. Unscrew the wheel nuts and remove it.

4. Remove the bolts securing the ball seal gland and move the gland.

5. Check the axial clearance of the pins by shaking the steering knuckle housing up and down with your hands ().

6. Unscrew the nuts of the studs securing the lever 1 (see) of the steering knuckle or the bolts of the upper lining 1 (see) and remove the lever or the upper lining of the king pin.

7. Remove the thin (0.1 mm) shim and replace the lever or trim.

8. Unscrew the fastening bolts and remove the lower pad 4 of the pivot, take out a thin (0.1 mm) shim and install the pad of the pivot in place.

To maintain the alignment of the hinge, remove the shims of the same thickness at the top and bottom.

Check build results. If the gap persists, re-adjust by removing the thicker shims (0.15 mm).

Large wear of pins 9 and bushings 19 (see) in diameter causes a violation of the camber angle of the wheels, their "wobbling" while driving and uneven tire wear. In this case, replace worn parts.

Check the maximum angles of rotation of the wheels on a special stand (). The angle of rotation of the right wheel to the right, and the left wheel to the left should be no more than 27 °. Adjust the bolt 27 (see).

Adjust the toe-in by changing the length of the tie rod. Before adjusting, make sure that there are no gaps in the joints of the steering rods and the bearings of the hubs; then, after loosening the lock nuts (having right and left threads), turn the adjusting nipple to set the required wheel alignment.

Toe-in at normal tire pressure should be such that dimension A () measured along the centerline of the sidewall of the tires at the front is 1.5–3.0 mm less than dimension B at the rear.

Tighten the lock nuts when finished. The tightening torque is 103–127 N · m (10.5–13 kgf · m).

Toe can be checked with the 2182 GARO line.

Repair

For repair, remove the front drive axle from the vehicle and disassemble.

After disassembling and flushing the parts, check their condition and determine their suitability for further work.

Repair the crankcase, main gear and differential in accordance with the instructions given in the "Rear axle" section. When bending the axle shaft casing, straighten it in a cold state. Replace the worn parts of the steering knuckles with new ones, using the data.

Remove the front axle in the following order:

1. Install chocks under the rear wheels of the vehicle.

2. Disconnect the hydraulic brake lines on the left and right side members from the flexible hose that goes to the front wheel brakes. Unscrew the nuts securing the flexible hoses and remove them.

3. Unscrew the nuts securing the lower ends of the shock absorbers.

4. Remove the bolts securing the front propeller shaft to the pinion flange.

5. Unscrew and unscrew the bipod ball pin nut, disconnecting the link from the bipod.

6. Unscrew the nuts securing the ladders of the front springs, remove the pads, ladders and lining. Raise the front of the vehicle by the frame.

Dismantling the front axle

Disassemble the front axle in the following order:

1. Place the axle on the stand, unscrew the wheel nuts and remove the wheels.

2. Undo the cotter pin and unscrew the nut securing the bipod link pin to the steering knuckle arm and remove the bipod link.

3. Unscrew the screws and remove the brake drums.

4. Remove the wheel clutches.

5. Straighten the bent edges of the lock washer, unscrew the nut and locknut, remove the lock washer and inner ring with outer bearing rollers of the right and left wheel hubs.

6. Remove the wheel hubs.

7. Unscrew the bolts of the brake shields, remove the shields, pins of the steering knuckles and take out the joints of the steering knuckles.

8. Undo the cotter pins and unscrew the nuts securing the fingers and remove the steering linkage.

9. Remove the bolts securing the ball joint to the axle shaft casing. Remove the wheel stop-limiters and press out the ball joints from the axle shaft covers.

10. Unscrew the nuts securing the swing arm on the steering knuckle housing. Remove the lever and set of shims.

11. Remove the bolts securing the upper pivot pad of the other steering knuckle and remove the pad with a set of shims.

12. Unscrew the bolts of the lower pivot linings and remove the linings with a set of shims.

13. Remove the bolts securing the ball seal and remove the ball seal.

14. Press out the pivots using the tool shown on, and remove the steering knuckle housing.

Disassemble the steering knuckle without removing the front axle from the car in the following order:

1. Place chocks under the rear wheels of the vehicle.

2. Jack up the front wheel on the side to be disassembled.

3. Follow the steps described in steps 2-10 of this chapter above.

4. Unscrew the nuts securing the swivel arm or the bolts securing the upper pivot pad on the body and remove the arm or pad with a set of shims.

5. Unscrew the bolts securing the lower pad of the pivot and remove the pad with a set of shims.

6. Remove the bolts securing the ball seal oil seal.

7. Press out the pivots with the tool and remove the steering knuckle housing.

Disassembly and assembly of constant velocity joints

Disassemble the hinges in the following order:

1. Mark with paint the relative position of the knuckles of the hinges.

2. Open your fists by knocking the fork of your short fist on a wooden stand.

3. Hold the long fist in a vise, short fist up.

4. Rotate the short fist towards one of the leading (peripheral) balls. If the opposite ball does not come out of the grooves, press or hit the short fist with a copper hammer (). When doing this, be careful, as one of the balls can fly out of the hinge at high speed.

5. Remove the remaining balls from the hinge. After selecting new oversized balls (repair) or replacing one of the fists, assemble the hinge.

Assemble the hinges in the following order:

1. Clamp the long fist in an upright position.

2. Insert the center ball.

3. Place the short fist on the central ball so that the marks marked with paint match and, turning it from side to side, install the three leading (peripheral) balls in turn.

4. Spread the fists 10–12 mm apart and turn the short fist to the maximum angle away from the free grooves, install the fourth ball into the grooves.

5. Rotate the short fist to an upright position.

The tension at the balls of the hinge should be such that the moment required to turn the fist by 10–15 ° in all directions from the vertical with the other fist clamped in a vice is equal to 30–60 N · m (300–600 kgf · cm).

The difference in the moments of turning the fist in two mutually perpendicular directions of one joint should not exceed 9.8 Nm (100 kgfcm). The balls must be sorted into 9 groups to obtain the required interference and ensure correct assembly.

Dimensions of the diameters of the leading balls of the hinge of equal angular velocities in mm:

I ...... 25.32–25.34 VI ...... 25.42–25.44

II ...... 25.34–25.36 VI ...... 25.44–25.46

III ...... 25.36-25.38 VIII ...... 25.46-25.48

IV ...... 25.38–25.40 IX ...... 25.48–25.50

V ...... 25.40–25.42

The diameter of the central ball is 26.988–0.05 mm. Each joint must be assembled with balls of one group or two adjacent groups.