The death of Abraham when the German war came, or the first world, Abraham Vasilyevich and his two sons - Vasya and Roma (Roma, the youngest, called Mom Romik) - were in the Caucasian front, and the daughter of Vera was, as well as her aunt, my woman Shura, - Sister of Mercy. To eighteenth

Abraham Lincoln's ghost Abraham Lincoln is known as the Sixteenth President of the United States of America. Over time, this man entered the list of the most studied people whose biography still excites the mind and the heart of millions. In the list of the most outstanding

The murder of wives while the world became amazed at how Stalin and Hitler divide East Europe, the leader decided again just in case to test the devotion of friends and comrades. The way he chose quite original. Chekistam should arrest the wives of party leaders

From the sacrifice of Abraham to Auschwitz Zeev Bar-Sella, writer, linguist, literary crown - in Esseism of Joseph Brodsky more than once there is a word "alienation", in the meaning of the indispensable condition for the existence of a genuine poet. As far as it turned out to be key in life

Vera Abraham Bible says Abraham was the father of faith. He became Abraham from Abraham. God was proud of them, he brings him as an example for us with you. His faith immediately immediately was in righteousness, but what is his faith? In the literal sense of the word, Vera Abraham is to get out of the hurray of Chaldean and

17. Abraham Lincoln

Unfortunately, even Jackson had a holistic idea of \u200b\u200bthe true state of affairs and the real causes of what is happening.

And, although he managed to eliminate the bank, the most effective weapon was changed - banking operations with a partial coating - left in the arsenal of numerous state banks.

It continued to sign economic instability in the period up to the Civil War.

Nevertheless, the Central Bank was dismissed, and, as a result, America flourished as its promotion to the West.

All this time, the main changes in the world to no avail the struggle for the return of their previous positions in America. In the end, they turned to the tested recipe of central banks - to create a debt and dependence, you need to unleash the war.

As they could not get their central bank back to another way, America was decided to put on his knees through the Civil War, as was done in 1812 after the failure to extend the license to the first bank of the United States.

One month after the inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, with hostilities in Forte Samutor, South Carolina on April 12, 1861, the American Civil War began.

Of course, one of the reasons for the civil war was slavery, but by no means the main reason. Lincoln realized that the economy of the south of the United States keeps at the institute of slavery, so before the beginning of the civil war he had no intention to cancel it.

In his festive handling on the occasion of the inauguration, he outlined this as follows: "I have no intention to directly or indirectly interfere with the institute of slavery in the States where it exists. I assure you, I have neither legal right, no desire to do it. " Even after the start of the war, Lincoln continued to argue that civil war is in no way connected with slavery.

"My priority care is to save the Union. And this is not associated with the issue of preserving or not saving slavery. If I can save the Union without freeing a single slave, I will do it "(Abraham Lincoln).

So because of what civil war broke out? It affected the many factors. Industrialists of the North used protectionist fares so that the south could not buy inexpensive European goods. Europe replied that he stopped importing cotton from the south.

As a result, the southern states were in a double financial cappan - they were forced to pay more for most of the consumer goods, while the income from the export of cotton decreased sharply. South indignantly. However, there were other factors that influenced the development of the situation.

The changes were still brought out of themselves by the fact that America came out from under their control 25 years ago. Since then, the economic policy "Cats, which walks by itself" enriched the country. What is not an example for the whole world? But now the central bankers of the progress of a wonderful opportunity to divide the new rich country into parts and to conquer with the help of military force.

Was the version about some crazy world conspiracy against America in the course at that time? Let's listen to the opinion of the sophisticated eyewitness of those events. His name Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany, a man, just a year later, uniting the scattered German states into a single whole: "The decision on the division of the United States on equal strength of the Federation was made long before the American Civil War with the highest financial circles of Europe.

These bankers were afraid that if the United States remains like a single state and one people, they will be able to gain economic and financial independence, which will be a shakebale of their financial power over the whole world. "

A month after the first shots in Forte, Samutor central bankers were led to the emperor of France by Napoleon III 210 million francs on the seizure of Mexico and the placement of troops along the southern borders of the United States, in order for military tools to break the "Guard Doctrine" and return Mexico to the colonial yoke.

As they expected, regardless of the outcome of the Civil War, the United States, weakened and climbed into debt, will again discover Central and South America for European colonization. Those. That he himself, which ended the end adopted in 1823 in the United States "Doctrine Avalange".

At the same time, the United Kingdom placed 11.000rd Canadian military contingent along the northern border of the United States. The British Navy was delivered to the state of combat duty in case a quick US intervention.

Lincoln understood that he was double binding. Therefore, he was so worried about the fate of the Union. There were much more good reasons for that than just disagreements between the North and South. For this reason, he always insisted on the need for the Union of states, and not just on the defeat of the south.

However, money was needed for victory. In 1861, Lincoln and the then secretary of the Treasury, Solomon Chase, went to New York for loans. Changes, wanting an alliance of death, offered loans at rates from 24% to 36% per annum. What Lincoln said "Thank you".

In the sense, "Thank you, no." Then Lincoln sent for his old friend, Colonel Dick Taylor from Chicago, and wrapped the problems of financing hostilities on his shoulders. Some time later he asked Taylor, that he managed to do. He answered the following:

"Everything is very simple, dear Lincoln," spend a bill through the Congress on the issue of government obligations that have legal payment strength ... and pay them to soldiers. And the same means continue to finance the war to the victorious end "(Colonel Dick Taylor).

When Lincoln asked how the United States, Taylor responded to the appearance of obligations: "People or someone else will not be selected. If you make obligations to the legal means of payment, they will receive the sanction of the government and should be made as money, since Congress is authorized by the Constitution for the adoption of such solutions. "

So Lincoln and entered. In 1862-1863 It was printed for $ 450 million new commitments. To distingvia from other banknotes who were in circulation, their opposite side painted in green. Therefore, new banknotes called "Greenbacks" or, translated from English, "Green backs". These new banknotes were calculated with the troops and ensured their ammunition.

So During the war, $ 450 million of "Green Back" was issued without paying any percent of the federal government.

Lincoln saw who is a real duck in this performance and what bets for the American people are. He explained his approach as follows: "If we approve such principles, then save taxpayers huge amounts leaving for interest payments. Money will cease to be the owner and become a servant of mankind. "

The most amazing editorial article in the London Times newspaper of that time was explained by the attitude of central bankers to Green Backs Lincoln:

« If this vicious financial policy that has arisen in North America will be brought to a logical end, the US government will provide the country with money without fee for their use.

It will pay your external debt and will not be more debts. He will have the necessary means to maintain trade and the country will become unprecedented rich. The minds and wealth of all countries will flow in North America. This country needs to destroy or it will destroy all monarchies in the world. "

The scheme turned out to be so effective that in the following, 1863, when the troops of the federal troops and confederates began to prepare for the decisive fighting of the civil war, and the Treasury needed another permission of the Congress to release a new Green Back Party, Lincoln allowed bankers to conduct a law through the legislature about national banks.

New national banks were to work on the principles of the complete absence of taxation and in the aggregate to own an exceptional monopoly on the issue of the new form of money - banknotes. And although the "green backs" continued to be in circulation, their quantity did not increase.

But what is most important, since that time, the entire US monetary mass began to be created by the purchase by banks of government bonds and the release of an adequate number of banknotes to create reserves. Historian John Kenneth Galbreyt commented on this: "Many pre-war years federal government worked with a great budget surplus.

However, it could not pay off his debt and redeem government securities, since then there would not be bonds that were the provision of national currency. To repay the internal debt meant to destroy the national monetary system. "

In 1863, Lincoln received unexpected assistance from the Russian king Alexander II. The king, like the German Chancellor Bismarck, understood that international changes were capable of and for this reason refused to establish a central bank in Russia.

If America had survived and avoided claws changed, the position of the king would remain unshakable. And if the bankers succeeded in their endeavors, then the United Kingdom and France, which under the control of their central banks, sharing the United States, would begin to threaten Russia.

Therefore, Alexander II officially warned that if England or France would have a military, or what other assistance to the south, Russia would consider this by the declaration of war. He brought part of the Russian Pacific Fleet into the combat readiness and sent him to the port of San Francisco.

Lincoln was re-elected as follows, 1864, year. If he were not killed, it would certainly destroy the monetary monopoly of national banks found by them during the war. In a letter to a friend of November 21, 1864, he wrote: "The power of money is hunting for our people during the world and fuses conspiracies against him when the war is going. It is more despotic than the monarchy, more strung than autocracy and more selfish than bureaucracy. "

Shortly before the murder of Lincoln, his former secretary of the Treasury Solomon Chase, Gorky regretted that he helped "push" the law on national banks a year earlier: "The fact that my department contributed to the adoption of the Law on National Banks was the greatest financial mistake in my life. This law created a monopoly affecting all the spheres of life of this country. "

April 14, 1865, in 41 days after the start of the second presidential period, Lincoln was shot by John Wardspu in the Bordeater Theater. German Chancellor burned about the death of Abraham Lincoln: "Lincoln's death is a catastrophe for the whole Christian world.

In all the United States, there was no man equal to him ... I am afraid that foreign bankers known for their sideways and ingenious tricks will take away the huge wealth of America under their full control and send them to the systematic corruption of modern civilization. They will not fail to immerse the entire Christian world in the Bay of Wars and Chaos only for the whole earth to become their heritage. "

Bismarck perfectly understood what the plan was changed. The reasonable assumptions that international bankers cost for the murder of Lincoln, 70 years later, in 1934, a famous Canadian lawyer Gerald McGyr was expressed. In the 5-hour appeal to the Canadian Community Chamber, it has been tightened by the debt-based Canadian monetary system. Do not forget, walked 1934, the ingestion of the Great Depression, tapering and Canada.

After the death of John Workspu, the certificates received from the public received after the trial were hit by McGyra's hands from the secret service. McGeR argued that they point out that Workspu was a mercenary of international bankers. So it is described in the article by the newspaper "Vancouver San" of May 2, 1934:

- "Abraham Lincoln, who took the death of the martyr Liberator of slaves, was killed as a result of the intrigue of a representative group of international bankers who were afraid of the US President's plans for the reform of the National Monetary System ..."

- "At that time, there was only one group in the world, having at least some reason to desire the death of Lincoln ..."

- "These were people who did not want to implement the Lincoln monetary system reform. She fought with His policies for the release of banknotes, "green backs" throughout the civil war ... ".

What is curious, McGyr said - the reason for the murder of Lincoln was not only the fact that international bankers eased the recovery in the US central bank. They sought to ensure that the American currency is based on gold.

And the reserves of gold were under their complete control. In other words, they wanted to translate America to the Golden Standard. Lincoln did just the opposite - released banknotes ("Green backs"), which were provided with solvency and the US budget.

In the same article, McGyr wrote: " These people were interested in establishing a monetary system. "Gold Standard" And the rights of bankers on the management of the national currency and the budget of all countries of the world. As soon as Lincoln was "Removed" from their roads, they have the opportunity to restore their influence in the United States. And they did it. In just 8 years after the murder of Lincoln, silver was derived from the US monetary system. Here reigned "gold standard".

Therefore, these green banknotes with red seal began to be issued not under the president of Kennedy, as many think.

It was the same not burdened US duty "Green backs" Lincoln, which was produced by the government from year to year. Also, few people know that the US legislative act adopted in 1994 actually sanctioned the replacement of Lincolnian "green backs" by banknotes based on debt. So, in fact, the "green backs" were in circulation in the USA until 1994.

But why for bankers silver was bad, and gold is good? Because silver in the USA was always a lot, his appeal was difficult to control. And gold lacked. History teaches that gold appeal is relatively easy to monopolize. And silver in the world is approximately 15 more.

18. Return of the Gold Standard

As soon as Lincoln was removed from the way following the purpose of changed the full control over the American currency. However, it turned out not so simple.

With the beginning of the development of the American West, huge silver deposits were opened there. In addition, Lincoln Green Backs were very popular in the people. And contrary to the incessant attacks from the European Central Banks, they continued to be in circulation in the United States. In fact, they came out of the appeal to the United States just a few years ago.

As historic writes V. Cleon Scausen: " Immediately after the Civil War, there were many conversations about the revival of Lincoln's experience with the constitutional monetary system. If European financial magnates were not intervened, she would eventually become an official institution without any doubt».

It is also clear that the very idea that America will be able to print their money unfounded by external debt, has shocked European central bankers in shock. They watched with horror as in the US increases the mass of "green backs". Perhaps they killed Lincoln, however, after death, support for his monetary policy increased.

April 12, 1866, almost a year after the death of Lincoln, Congress gathered at a working session to prolob the interest of European central banks. As a result, a law on reduction in the money supply was approved, which instructed the Treasury Secretary to start a partial seizure of "green backs" from circulation.

In his classical book on the economy, the "army in the wallet" Theodore Toren and Richard Warner explained the effect of reducing the amount of money in circulation so.:

« The difficult times followed after the American Civil War could not be if the policy of emissions continued "Green backs", to ak her conceived President Lincoln. Instead, a series of financial crises began, which we now call downs. They led the Congress to the thoughts about the need to put the banking system under centralized control. Ultimately, on December 23, 1913, a law on federal reserve was issued».

In other words, changers sought 2 goals: 1. The work of the work under their full control of the central bank. 2. Translation of the American monetary system for gold. In the latter case, a two-way strategy was used.

Firstly, Call a series of financial crises to convince the people that only centralized control of the amount of money supply is capable of ensuring economic stability. AND, secondly,withdraw from circulation as much money so that most of the population is so desired, so that it will be all the same or they have become too weak to resist bankers.

In 1866, US $ 1.8 billion was in circulation or US $ 50.46 per person. Only in 1867 was withdrawn from circulation US $ 0.5 billion 10 years later, in 1877, the amount of US money supply was reduced to US $ 0.6 billion or US $ 14.60 per person. Those. Bankers seized 2/3 US money masses.

And after another 10 years, only US $ 0.4 billion remains in circulation or US $ 8.67 per person, which marked the reduction in purchasing power for 20 years by 760%! Today, economists are trying to assure us in the fact that the decline and depression are an integral part of what they call the "business cycle".

The truth is that the volume of the country's money supply continues to manipulate as it was done earlier, after the end of the civil war. What happened? Why did the money become so little? Everything is simple - bank loans were in demand back, and new ones stopped issued. In addition, silver was derived from the monetary system.

In 1872, the Bank of England provided a man named Ernest Seid 100,000 pounds of sterling (equivalent of about 500,000 US dollars) and sent it to America to bribe influential congressmen with the aim of withdrawing silver coins from circulation. He was told that if this money would be not enough, then there will be another 100,000 pounds or as much as it takes.

As a result, in the next, 1873, the Congress issued the law on coins and the chasing of silver coins ceased. Subsequently, a member of the House of Representatives Samuel Guber, who submitted to the Congress bill, admitted that Mister Seid was actually stood behind this document. Further more.

In 1874, the seder himself admitted: " I was instructed to come to America in the winter of 1872-1873. Especially in order to prolobrify the passage through the Congress of the bill on the cessation of silver. This was done in the interests of the persons I represented - the banking bank of England. Therefore, in 1873, gold remains the only metal in the US monetary system».

However, the struggle for managing American currency was not yet completed. In just 3 years, in 1876, when 1/3 of the operational population was on the street, the people were worried. People began to demand the return of the "green backs" of Lincoln or silver coins. Whatever, whatever increased the amount of money in circulation.

To explore the essence of the question in the same year, Congress created the Silver Commission. Its report directly related to economic difficulties with a reduction in money supply by national banks. This very curious document compares the consequences of reducing the American money supply after the civil war with the death of the Roman Empire:

« Catastrophic in its consequences, the collapse of the ancient Rome and the arrival of the dark medieval was caused by a decrease in money in circulation and falling prices ... Civilization cannot exist without money. With a reduction in the supply of money, it begins to fade, and if the trouble does not help, maybe even perish».

« At the beginning of the first millennium, the metal money of the entire Roman Empire was equivalent to the cash equivalent of US $ 1.000.000,000. By the end of the 15th century, the money supply of all of Europe was only US $ 200.000.000 ... History does not know another such catastrophic decline from enlightenment to barbarism than from the Roman Empire to the early Middle Ages" (Commission on Silver US Congress).

Despite the signals of the Silver Commission, Congress did not take any measures. In 1877, hungry meters began in the USA, from Pittsburgh to Chicago. Torches of starving vandals broke out to heaven. In this situation, bankers did not solve the bankers what to do - they decided to wait yet.

Now that the country's monetary system has been under their control to a certain extent, there was no place to hurry. In the same year, at the meeting of the American Banking Association (ABA), they recommended all its members to make every possible way to make people and think about the "green backs".

Secretary ABA James Bewell wrote to all members a letter with scinting cynicity Call to bribe not only Congress, but also press:

« It is advisable to do everything in your power to support those authoritative daily and weekly editions, especially agricultural and religious, which will protest against the revival of paper money - "green backs". And also to take everything possible to deprive your patronage of the publication, who do not want to deal with a government point of view about the issue of paper money».

«… Repetition of the trick with the release of banknotes or emissions by the government of own money can provide people with money and therefore will seriously undermine our revenue base as bankers and lenders».

« Now contact your familiar congressmen and enlist their support so that we can control the legislative process"(James Bewell, Aba).

As a result, political pressure has begun to the Congress with the requirement of changes. The newspapers opened a whole disinformation campaign. For example, the New York Tribune newspaper wrote on January 10, 1878 as follows: "Our country finally appeared the capital.

Now we will check whether the Congress will be able to work in the sweat of the face. " However, bankers' expectations were not justified. On February 28, 1878, Congress issued the law of Shumanan, which resolved the chasing of a limited number of silver dollars over the next 5 years. Those. Completely ensuring gold money has not yet been, as there were no free driving of silver.

It is curious that until 1873, any person who brought silver on the American Mint, could completely free coins from him. These times ended. Nevertheless, some money in the economy began to do. Since their dominion did not threaten nothing, bankers facilitated the receipt of loans and depression finally ended.

After 3 years, the Americans were elected president James Garfield. The new president understood well who manipulates the economy. As a congressman, he served as Chairman of the Committee on Banks and allocations.

Immediately after his inauguration in 1881, Garfield publicly accused changed: " Anyone who controls the money supply of any country is the full lord of its industry and trade ... And when you understand how simply the whole economic system is somehow controlled by several influential people, you will not need to explain where the causes of depression and inflation».

Unfortunately, July 2, 1881, just a few weeks after this statement, President Garfield was killed.

19. Free silver

Removals quickly increased their power. They began systematic, as they called, "shearing sheep" by creating a series of economic lifts and the following depression.

Thus, they bought thousands of houses and farms at a price of a few percent of the nominal. In 1891, the variables began to prepare to collapse the US economy once again.

Their methods and motives are unambiguously represented in the Memorandum sent by the American Banking Association to all its members. Notice, this note called for bankers to call depression on the designated day 3 years later! We give you the following excerpt from the US Congress Protocols:

« After September 1, 1894, we will not resume loans under any pretext. We will demand our money back».

« We are depring borrowers to redeem the pledge and become its owners. We will be able to force 2/3 farmers to the southwest and thousands of farmers east of Mississippi to sell their farms at the price specified by us ... Then they will become tenants, as it is in England ... (Memorandum of Abi from 1891, reproduced in the protocols of the US Congress on April 29, 1913).

Depressed could be managed because America was on a gold monetary standard. Since gold is not enough. This is one of the goods that are easiest to manipulate.

The people wished the legalization of silver money, because it could help to avoid influence, which was on gold change. People did not want to return to the law on the coins of 1873, which was called by the "crime of the 73rd year".

By 1896, the question of the attitude towards silver money was the main theme of the presidential election. William Brian, Senator from Nebraska, ran into the presidents from democrats with a program involving free silver.

At the National Congress of the Democratic Party of 1896 in Chicago, he made an emotional speech, which became known as the "Ternist Crown and the Golden Cross." Although Bryan was just 46 years old, this speech is considered one of the best samples of oratory, ever uttered before the political audience. In the dramatic conclusion of his speech Brian said: "We will answer their requirement for the introduction of the Golden Standard:" You do not wear a thorns of the crust, you will not attend humanity on the Golden Cross».

Bankers generously supported the republican candidate William McKinley, who welcomed the Golden Standard. As a result, the pre-election campaign of candidates has become one of the most fierce presidential races in the history of the United States.

While Brian uttered more than 600 speeches in 27 states, Makkinley's supporters made the industrialists to speak to their hired employees, that if Brian wins, their factories and plants will close and work will no longer.

Fraudsters succeeded in their beginnings. McKinley "bypassed" Brian with a slight margin. Subsequently, Brian participated in the presidential election of 1900 and 1908, but every time he had little unauthorized votes. During the 1912 Democrats Congress, Brian turned out to be the influential figure that helped defeat Woodrow Wilson. Becoming President, Wilson appointed Brian by the Secretary of State.

However, he was soon disappointed in the Office of Wilson. He served in this post for only 2 years, he resigned in 1915 after the highest degree of a suspicious case with the flooding of the "Louisiana" steamer, which was used in order to push America to participate in the First World War.

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Murder Abraham Lincoln.

On April 14, 1865, at the performance of "Our American Cousin" at the Ford Theater, Actor John Wils Booth was fatally injured by US President Abraham Lincoln. The murderer managed to hide, but after 12 days the police fell into the barn in Virginia, and when Booth came out of a marked shelter, Sergeant Boston Corbett killed him with a shot in her neck.

Official version

In addition to Lincoln and his wife Mary Todd Lincoln in the presidential bed, Major Henry Rathbown was located and his beloved Clara Harris. Booth was in the passage connected to the lie and the corridor, at ten in the evening, and remained waiting for a certain scene of the comedy, which always caused the spectators laughter.
According to the plan, the noise rose should have drowning the shot. At the beginning of the episode, the actor went behind the back of the president who was sitting in a rocking chair, and at the right moment he fired him into the head. Rathbone tried to delay the killer, but he hit him with a knife. Major quickly recovered and again tried to grab Bout at the time when he was preparing to jump over the fencing of the lodge. He, in turn, tried to hit Ratbown in the chest, and then he jumped over the fence.
Falling on the stage from a three-meter height, he clinched off the spur for the flag who adorned the lie, and at the fall he broke his left leg, which, however, did not prevent him from running onto the stage. At that moment, he threw out a bloody knife above his head and cried in the hall of Virginia State Sic Semper Tyrannis in the hall! (Lat. "It happens with all the tyrants!"). Then he got out out, hit a man's knife with the handle that held the horse, and disappeared from the pursuers.

The wounded Lincoln was transferred to the boarding house, which was opposite the theater. The next morning, the president died, not coming into consciousness. At the same time, a certain Lewis Powell (Pain) undertakes a unsuccessful attempt to kill Secretary of State of William Seward - a Lincoln's associate, who later became famous for the purchase of Alaska, in his house. Shortly before the attempt, Seward got into the road accident: he had broken jaw and right hand, torn the bunch of the feet, and the whole body was covered with bruises. Paine snuck into his house under the pretext of what he needed to give Seward to something from the doctor, and penetrated his bedroom. The conspirator inflicts several blows with a knife, including throat. The Secretary of State stayed alive. During the attempt, Soyard Augustus suffered.

The attempt was preparing at the vice-president Andrew Johnson, but the conspirator of George Ath Cercodt too much "drank for courage" and did not go anywhere.

A conspiracy against US leaders a consequence was related to the end of the Civil War: only five days after the capitulation of the Commander-in-Chief of the Confederation Army, the North won. The investigation determined ten participants of the conspiracy: Booth was killed during detention, four - David Gerold, Lewis Powell, George Ath Cercodt and Mary Sarrat, were hanged on July 7.

The execution of Mary Sarrat, Lewis Powell, David Gerold and George Ath Cercodt (left to right). Photo: Congress Library

Three more - Dr. Samuel Madd, Samuel Arnold and Michael about "Laflin, were sentenced to life imprisonment, Edward Spangler received six years in prison. John Sarrat, one of the main actors in this story, was hiding abroad for some time (where Nobody searched him), and then was justified.

Conspirology

In 1959, the book of the American historian of Theodore of the Roscius "Pouthetic Powder" was published. In it, the author drew attention to the episodes of the official version of the investigation, which seem incredible and cause questions.

The vice-president Andrew Johnson, Military Minister Edwina Stanton and the Sea Minister Hideon Welles, was immediately reported on the accomplished attempt. Stanton immediately arrived at the place of attempt, and then, settling in the same guesthouse, for many hours, served the functions of the police and the Supreme Judge, giving orders to catch the killer and sending telegrams. After a short conversation with the vice-president, the military minister was supposedly released his home, although on another version of Johnson nobody tried to look at all.

Here and begin the oddities. One of the first orders of Stanton was to overlap all the ways leading from the city. The police took the train stations, the Potomac River guarded the ships, and the six roads from Washington were blocked by the military. However, the conspirators left two ways, which were led to Maryland, one of them - on the Military Vervi Bridge, which was under guard around the clock. On the day of the attempt, the bridge guarded the sergeant by the name Kobb. At 22:45 local time, Booth introduced himself to him with his real name and said that she was going home. The president's murderer was released from the city.

Tracking David Harold drove to the bridge to the bridge, who helped Powell near the House of Secretary of State Seward. His Sergeant Cobb Just as Bout, allegedly accepted for a walk, which was entertained in Washington and missed the time when it was necessary to return home.

A few minutes later, Khaharold rushed a breather, whose conspirators lent horses and did not return to the nine evenings. Seeing the carriage Harold, who was clearly not going to give the horse, her owner rushed afterwards. But Sergeant Cobb did not miss him across the bridge. Then Konya returned to the city and turned with a statement about the stolen horse in the police. Her staff had an assumption that this theft may be connected with the flight of conspirators, and they appealed to the army headquarters with the requirement to issue horses. The military request was rejected by saying that such orders were not received to them, but they will deal with criminals alone. Until the next day, however, no one has moved his finger.

Another inaccurable circumstance, which notes by the rivy, - how Booth was able to penetrate the presidential lie without interference. On the eve of the play, Lincoln asked Stanton to appoint himself to a bodyguard of Major Eccart, but the Military Minister announced that his adjutant was busy, and put to President John Parker, who had a reputation as a drunkard and frequenter of public houses, as well as a lot of recovers for the inappropriate use of weapons and sleep during performance. Parker did not change her image and shortly after the start of the performance went to the bar. The path for the killer was free.

The murder's motive also does not look quite believable. It is believed that Booth, an irreconcilable supporter of Yuzhan, decided to take revenge on Lincoln for the victory over the confederation. But the fact is that, contrary to a common legend, the President fought not for the liberation of black, but for the unity of the state. To the slaves, he didn't give a damn to the slaves: in the election speech, Lincoln said that he could not be about any equality of speech, but the superiority of the White race does not mean that blacks need to be deprived of everything.

Lincoln himself took a soft position in relation to the defeated. At the same time, the Military Minister Stanton was not agreed with such a position and believed that the south must be occupying and revenge. It turns out that the "fanatical southerner" of Booth for some reason killed a man who offered the most favorable conditions to defeated southerners.

On the night of April 15, when Harold and Buths met after moving through the Military Verfer Bridge, they went to Dr. Samyuyl Madda in Bryantown, because the broken leg of the actor was very sick. Before entering the house, Booth climbed the face shawl so that the doctor does not see him. Madd imposed a bandage on the damaged bone and built two crutches, after which the conspirators continued their way. At the court, Madd said that Booth was turned away all the time from him and did not give himself to see himself, but the judges decided that it was the doctor who advised the fugitives to turn to the Colonel Kokska, who had to forward them through Potomac. This enterprise, however, failed, and Colonel Coke hid the conspirators a few kilometers from his house, where Booth began to lead the diary.

In Washington, meanwhile, Mary Sarrat, the hostess of the guest house, was arrested, where the actor often came in, and three more suspicious persons. Pain and At Cercodt were also captured.

Beyond the heads of Booth and Harold were prescribed rather major remuneration. In the end, their track was found not far from Port Royal, where they hid in the family of farmers, giving themselves to the confederation soldier. The soldier had an order to take conspirators alive, but despite him, Booth was mortally wounded and the next morning died. The soldiers discovered his diary and handed it to the ministry, however, there seemed to be forgotten. A few years later, the Brigadier General Lafayets Baker remembered that he gave the diary of the actor to his boss Stanton (Baker then was the chief of the police), and when he got it back, some pages were missing there.

In 1961, a book, which once belonged to Beiker was accidentally found. In 93, before that, the Brigadier General wrote on its cover: "I am constantly pursued. These are professionals. I do not leave them. " Next follows an allegorical story about the conspiracy of Judas, Bruta and Spy, while in the words of Judah, references to Stanton are found, and the owner of the book itself calls himself a spy. A month later, Baker was poisoned.

According to the historian of Roscoe, on Baker or Stanton, it is also responsible for the loss of a single photographiclast, where the photographer Gardner who worked in this case was captured by John Wilx Bout.

Sosca believes that Stanton also allowed to leave John Sarrat - the son of Mary Sarrat, whose execution later recognized as a court mission, since it could not be convicted. Sarrat ran first to Canada, then in England, then he saw him in Italy. However, when information about his whereabout came to the military minister, Stanton did not pay any attention to it. In winter, the conspiratorist was caught in Egypt at the initiative of the Seward Secretary of State, but he never received the indictment. The second trial was discontinued over the expiration of the statute of limitations.

Everyone went crazy

At the beginning of this year, the author of numerous investigations Dave McGong began to publish a series of materials on the murder of Lincoln.
McGoon notes that on April 14, in addition to the president, and, as mentioned above, Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State of William Seward, the conspirators were also planned to kill Grant Uliva and Military Minister Edwin Stanton. It gives detailed descriptions of the life of people, in one way or otherwise involved in the events, and almost all of them traced one common feature - they were not mentally healthy.

So, Sergeant Thomas "Boston" Corbett nestrated himself about seven years before he shot the boot. In addition, he was mentally unbalanced and heard voices. For refusal to fulfill orders, he was fired from the service, but allowed back in 1863. Corbett quickly retired to the sergeant, and for killing the boot did not suffer any responsibility. In 1887, Sergeant was to work in the Legislative Assembly of the State of Kansas, where he set up a shooting one day, or simply waving a gun, for which he was finally placed in a psychiatric hospital.

In the presidential bed, along with a couple of Lincoln, there was a couple of Major Henry Rathbone and Clara Harris. She had to Major a step-sister and was the daughter of the US senator Ayra Harris. Later they got married and moved to Germany. In 1883, Ratbown after an unsuccessful attempt to kill his children stabbed his wife, and then tried to commit suicide. He spent the rest of his life in a madhouse.

President of the President, Mary Todd Lincoln, finally frown after the death of her husband and began to suffer from hallucinations, as a result of her son placed her in a mental hospital.

Robert Lincoln was not crazy, but the three presidents of the United States would be surprisingly in an amazing way: in 1881 he was present at the murder of James Garfield, and in 1901 - William McKornley. In late 1864 - early 1865, Robert was a member of a strange incident: at the railway platform, the stranger saved the younger Lincoln from injuries and perhaps even death. It was Edwin Booth, the elder brother of John Wilx Buta. Lincoln for many years supported friendship with him and it was possible to have a novel with the daughter of American Senator Lucy Hale, who before that was a bride John Butt.

Sister Butov Rosalie died in 1880 with a "mysterious attack." It is believed that the third brother, Junius Brut, went crazy. The nephew of the Actor-Killer Evin Booth Clark became a naval officer and disappeared into the sea: according to the official version, he committed suicide, jumping overboard.

After the announcement of the remuneration for the head of the fugitives, the military department received the body of Frank Boyla and William Watson, which were similar to Bout. The Stanson Office hid the murders and got rid of the corpses (one of them was dropped into Potomac).

To avoid unnecessary speculation in advance, we emphasize: it is impossible to definitely answer the question, whether the circumstances of the attempts on Lincoln were such as they treat official versions, or "everything happened quite differently." This is an example of how sometimes it is simply impossible to reveal the truth. In this case, as with the case of Kennedy, you have to deal with only official versions, i.e. a kind of state verdicts. In both cases, independent researchers have not yet told their latest words. However, it is unknown if they can ever do it. For decades it was believed that in the murder of Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States of America, there is nothing unclear. Lincoln, a man who has canceled slavery, blacks honored as a Messiah, but white slave owners from the southern states, rich cotton planters, saw their deadly enemy in it. It was one of the fanatical supporters of slavery shot Lincoln when he visited the theater. The killer was the 26-year-old actor John Wils Butch: He tried to run, but later he was killed. His accomplices and all those who helped him or were involved in the atigitance at the same time attempted at the Secretary of State. Seward, as well as all those who prepared an attempt at Vice President Andrew Johnson, were severely punished; Four of them were hanged. It seemed that the participants of one of the largest crimes in American history managed to shout.

Abraham Lincoln only much later drew attention to some mysterious circumstances, on inconsistencies, manifested during the persecution of the murderer and the trial - everything, taken together, suggests that the attack of the murder of Lincoln could not figure out failed. The American historian Theodore Roscoe has compiled a list of all inconsistencies (we note in brackets that detective novels also wrote). His book about Lincoln "Pouthetic Powder" was published in 1959.

Abraham Lincoln was killed on April 14, 1865 in Washington to Good Friday. The 56-year-old president and his wife looked at the "Ford" theater comedy "our American cousin". In his bed, the fence of which was decorated with the American flag, were besides him and his wife, a young lady, Clara Harris, who gave the president, and her companion, Major Ratembon.

Barely struck 10 hours, as actor John Wils Buts, having passed along the corridor, went to the presidential bed. He opened the door and stopped in a small pass, separated by false and corridor. He already visited here after lunch and cut the knife to the clock in the inner door of the lodge. Looking into the slot, he found out where the president was sitting. Now he began to wait for a certain scene in the performance. He knew this comedy well, he knew that in this scene the audience every time laughs loudly.

When the episode began, Buts opened the door to the lie, imperceptibly went behind the president's back (he sat in a rocking chair) and from a small large-caliber pistol shot Lincolno in the head. Lincoln fell dead. Major Retbon rushed to the murderer, but repaired, because Buses hit him with a knife on his hand; However, the major nevertheless tried to grab the criminal once again, but it was possible to swallow through the fencing of the lodges and jump into the scene with a three-meter height. At the same time, he fell over the flag one of his spurs, fell and broke a bester bone. However, this did not prevent him from running. From the scene, he shouted to the Virginia motto paralyzed from horror: "Sic Sempet Tyrannis!" ("It happens with all the tyrants!") - And, hiding behind the scenes, ran away through the exit leading from the stage.

Outside the boots waited for a horse, but the actor pursued. He hit a knife in the chest of a man who held a horse, and he fell; Then Bud jumped into the saddle and worn. A certain brave viewer, a lawyer by profession, chasing the murderer from the scene itself, vainly called: "Keep it! Keep it! " Meanwhile, many people learned Buck. When he disappeared in the dark, barely passed half the eleventh.

At this time, the flight was escaped by another, having a murder. It was a comrade of shrake on a conspiracy, Lewis Paine, a man, although a somewhat limited mind, but a strong body, like a bear. He tried to kill the Secretary of State Seward. William X. Seward, famous later by buying Alaska, suffered at the accident of the crew and with a barred lower jaw, broken with his right hand and bruised at his villa in bed; A wife, two sons and daughter lived with him. Paine, together with the third conspirator, David E. Harold, drove up to the secretary villa. Harold remained boxing outside, he should wait for Peyne. However, as soon as Pain disappeared in the house, Harold tied his horse to the tree and said away.

Pain entered the house of Seward, saying that she had to transfer something to the patient by the secretary from the attending physician; Then the conspirator tried to break into the bedroom, located on the second floor. Syavard's son, Frederick, wanted to prevent a stranger, but he grabbed the colts and fired in Frederick. However, the gun gave a mischief. Then Paine broke the Frederick several times on the head of the colt handle, and then still hit the hunting knife. Frederick's bleeding, having lost consciousness, collapsed to the floor.

Pain rushed to Seward's bedroom. The patient was lying in bed; His right hand hung on a bandy; The broken chin was fixed in an orthopedic tire of steel and skin. This tire saved the secretary of life. Payne rushed at the patient, not paying attention to his daughter, Fanny, who was sitting near the bed. The killer tried to skip the throat of Seward's knife. However, the knife, pushing the leather bandage, only slid along the steel surface of the tire, however, the sick face sick face from the lower jaw to the cheekbones. Bleeding blood; Seward, awkwardly byverting his hand, rolled down from bed, but at that time the son of Seward, and Negro, who looked after the sick, was already injected at Peyne. However, Verlila Pain easily coped with both and ran away.

The wounded state secretary remained behind his back, as well as Frederick Seward, still lying unconscious; Augustus Seward, strongly wetted knives in the head; Negro, also obtained hazardous knives; Fanny Seward, who fainted, and the wife of the secretary, who ran into the room only at the end of the fight. Swazed by blood Pein was rushed along the stairs, ran out of the house, found a horse attached outside and went away, but I was wrong, "I did not go there, where I pointed out Harold. The attempt at the Secretary of State Lincoln failed.

This evening was scheduled for another, third, attempt - on Viceceident Andrew Johnson. But the conspirator who believed to kill Johnson, - George Eceodt, was frightened. To gain courage, he decided to drink, but there was enough unnecessary, went over. It was not even trying to try to try to the life of the vice-president.

Meanwhile, the deadly wounded Lincoln moved from the theater to the house, on the contrary, to the boarding house. To carry him further did not dare. The bullet joined the left ear, struck the brain and stuck behind the right eye.

Lincoln put on the bed, too small for him; He was still breathing.

A few doctors stood near him. They understood that the wounded was already able to save. Lincoln is stripped and wrapped in a warm blanket. The next morning, at 7 o'clock 22 minutes, Abraham Lincoln, "Honest Abraham", "Liberator from slavery", the winner in the Republic of China, died, not coming into consciousness.

By this time, Lincoln's killer was already far from the city. And this is one of those details in the "Lincoln case", which, taken by themselves, can be a pure chance, but all together are a strange impression.

Immediately after the attempted president, Vice President Johnson, Military Minister Stanton and Marine Minister Welles were notified. Stanton immediately appeared and temporarily took the board of the country into his hands. In one of the rooms of that very guesthouse, where Lincoln was died, he - as reported witnesses - coolly and weigly gave instructions about the capture of the killer and his accomplices.

He sent a telegram for the telegram: orders to speech on the march of military units, about the announcement of alarm in all police and border units; orders about arrest; orders, regulations. For ten o'clock, Stanton was not only a military minister, but also to the police chief, a supreme judge, a dictator. They say that after a short conversation with Vice President Johnson, he just sent himself home. However, according to other testimonies, Johnson did not find at all.

According to the first orders and orders given to Stanton, all the ways leading from the city should be blocked; It was impossible to give criminals to unite. Stations were occupied by the police; Potomac patrolled by military ships; Six roads leading from Washington were blocked by the military.

But, oddly enough, two loopholes fugitives Stanton still left. Both led to Lower Meriland. Although during the civil war, the small state of Meriland remained faithful to the Union, but its territory was flooded by the partisans of the Confederation. One road was leaing there along a long wooden bridge, the so-called military shipyard, which could be moved across the Anchor River. The bridge was always guarded, and at nine in the evening it was even blocked. At 10.45, Butces, the president's killer joined the bridge. Sergeant - His named Cobb - stopped him and asked the name and purpose of the trip. Butus called his real name and said he wanted to get home. Sergeant Cobb ordered him to skip it.

The Military Ministry considered the behavior of the sergeant "the ill-fated, but prospective mistake." Of course, it could be, but still it is strange that the Military Tribunal did not pay special attention to the behavior of Kobb, although the sergeant was mistaken in the same night twice. Almost after Buses, David Harold drove up, the conspirator who, together with Peter, headed for the House of Secretary of State Seward, but then in a difficult moment he threw his comrade. Harold missed themselves too much. Sergeant Cobb said that he took him, like Buck, for a nighttime, having fun in Washington, and then hurried home.

And then, in just a few minutes, another, third, rider seemed on the bridge. It was a haircut that was driven by Harold. Harold and Payne lend horses from him, having agreed that they would return them until nine in the evening. Grandmiths already waited for customers. And then Harold, rushing away from the villa of Seward, rightly in his eyes swept past the stables. Grandfather learned the debtor, immediately jumped into the saddle and chasing the fugitive. But this Third Rider who entered the Military Vervi Bridge, Sergeant Cobb no longer missed, although the detainee and explained that his horse was stolen. Cobb told him one thing: "Bridge is blocked."

Grandfather returned to the city and stated the police about the stolen horse. The police, already notified about the attempt, suggested that there may be some kind of tie between the alarces of the horse and the flight of conspirators. It was decided to go into pursuit, and for this, the police appealed to the headquarters of the army and demanded to give them horses. The request was rejected: there are no horses at the disposal, and generally the military will take care of the persecution. So it happened, but only the next day ...

It is also strange that in the theater Buts was able to freely enter the right of the president. After all, in the corridor in front of the door in the lie, it was assumed to be a policeman. However, Parker - so called this person - instead of standing in the post, at first they sat down in the auditorium, and then headed to the bar. Later it turned out that this man had a bad reputation. He was repeatedly punished for disobedience and for drunkenness in the performance of official duties.

Having learned that in Richmond, the capital of confederates, at the secret meeting was decided to kill him, the president said: "I taught myself to think that if someone intends to kill me, then it will do it. Let even I put on the shell, will go around the leybgardia, it is still impossible to change anything. There are a thousand ways to get to the person who are going to kill. " However, he was convinced that Americans were not intended to make political murders.

However, in his written table lay about eighty letters, the authors of which threatened him with death. He collected them, tied up with the twine and inscribed on them the word "Assassination" - "murder". From time to time, these threats of murder, perhaps, still worried him. But he calmed himself: "... I do not see what the rebels would achieve this; The victory in the war it would not be brought to them, everything would still go to their guy ... "

Now the war came to an end: the first total war in world history. On April 9, 1865, General Lee, the Commander-in-Chief of the Confederation Army, capitulated in front of the General of the S. Grant, commanding the troops of the Union.

After a four-year-old civil war, which both parties led to the unprecedented decar bitterness, the north defeated the rebellious Southan. From April 9, the inhabitants of the Nordic States have experienced indescribable euphoria. They felt the winners and wanted the defeated southern states to reimburse all the losses caused by this war and paid to Northerners reparations.

However, Abraham Lincoln adhered to another opinion. He wanted to relate to residents of southern states not as defeated or conquered, but as an equal citizens of the United States of America. He thought about reconciliation, about the new unification of the united parts of the United States.

The purpose of the war from the very beginning was unity. However, when the war ended, the President with his opinion remained alone: \u200b\u200bpeople surrounded by him thought in a different way.

The war began, because in the north and south of the United States two completely different forms of management were formed. If the north became more and more industrial, then the south lived mainly by cotton. Cotton was the "king of the southern states." The demand for him increased all; His plantations have brought increasing profits. However, slavery remained the basis of the economic prosperity of large cotton plantations. Capital of Northerners were factories, Yuzhan - Negro-slaves. So the question of slavery began to play a decisive role.

Already in 1807, the federal law was banned by the trade in slaves. Meanwhile, and shortly before, and subsequently, the United States acquired significant territories, and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe country has practically doubled. The United States entered Louisiana, Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, and part of Colorado. The question arose, whether slavery should have permanently in these areas. Southerners were for slavery, even more so, demanded to cancel the law prohibiting the slaves to trade, adopted in 1807. But Northerners did not want, and could not agree to it. After all, the spread of slavery would lead to the dominance of southern states.

At first, the dispute was carried out only at the legal level. The southern states insisted that the ban or resolution of slavery is the case of each individual federal state. Northern states could not oppose this view. However, the lawyers of the southern states took another step. They counted that each individual state is so independent that at any time can leave the composition of the Union.

This controversy reached its climax at the end of the 1850s: In 1858, the public speeches began a little-known lawyer to Abraham Lincoln, the son of a simple logger. The 49-year-old politician decided to fight for the place of the senator from Illinois, but did not achieve success. Then he fell out to speak as a candidate for the presidency from the newly created Republican Party. In the south, skeptically treated the fact that this "ugly manlan" is trying to conquer the voters of this kind of theses: "And every city or house, divided by itself, will not stand" (Gospel from Matthew, 12, 25). I believe that it is for a long time to take such a position - a semide, it is impossible. I do not believe that the union will dissolve, - I do not believe that the house will disintegrate.

On the contrary, I hope that this split will stop. You have to choose either something or other. "

The opponents of the Republicans called them "abolitionists", equating to the group of people who started from the 1830s. He advocated the abolition of slavery in all States of the Union. The Republicans, who, in fact, were just striving to prevent the emergence of new "slave ownership states," were forced to take radical measures, minorlyopular even in the north. Nobody dared to think about the equality of blacks and whites at all, including Lincoln, who was originally an opponent of slavery.

That's what he said in one of his election speeches: "Today I am less than ever, I am set up for the fact that there is a social and political equality between the black and white race, - today I am less than Ever, I advocate the blacks to become voters or jury, so that they are allowed to occupy official positions or marry white women; There are physical differences between White and Black Race, which, as I think, forever eliminate the possibility of coexistence of both races based on social and political equality. And since both races cannot live in equality, but are forced to stay nearby, obeying or subordinating, then I, as well as any other, speaking for ensuring the primacy of the White race. However, I do not think that due to the fact that the white race exceeds black, black should be denied in everything. I do not understand why only because I don't want to take a black woman in the slave, I must take her to my wife. I just want to leave her alone. I already fifty years old, and I have never had neither black women-slaves or black women-wife.

Therefore, it seems to me that we can do without black slaves, and without black wives. " On November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected president of the United States, but elected a minority. Voter's votes were divided, and most supported other parties. In the south, in the territories south of the Ohio and Potomac rivers, no one voted for Lincoln at all. There were confident that from this president, elected only by people from the north, do not have to wait for nothing good. Therefore, Southerners decided to get out of the union peacefully, and to do it before Lincoln officially join his position.

The beginning of the split of the Union put the staff of Carolina. He was followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas. In February 1861, they declared themselves with the "Confederate States of America", and Jefferson Davis, former US Defense Minister chose their president. The Constitution of the United States did not provide for such a turn of events, and therefore Northerners initially did not protest this decision; The objections did not follow even when the confederates began to capture the property of the Union, customs and mail, arsenals and forts and when, finally, instead of the Star Flag introduced their own flag. Only Fort Sumter, who covered the entrance to the bay from the port of Charleston, could not immediately capture confederates - he remained in the hands of the federal government. However, the reserves of the province in Fort Sumter melted the day from the day.

Lincoln was an opponent of the branch of the southern states. From the very beginning, he showed a solid determination by all means to prevent the disintegration of the nation - he really considered the United States a single nation. On March 4, 1861, bringing oath, he stated that his goal was to restore unity. And decided to remove the siege from the Fort Sumter, i.e. To begin with, to supply it a garrison of the provinet. He sent flotilla there, insisting that the supply of bread "brave starving guys", dreamed in the fortress, is not a military action. Since then, the question remains open, whether Lincoln intended to achieve the goal of a peaceful, non-military way, or resorted to tricks to provoke his opponents to any violent actions.

Whatever it was, before the flotilla got to the destination, the troops of the confederates attacked Fort Samter. April 12 in the pre-afraid twilight Star Staging was fired. The next day, the garrison fort capitula.

It is believed that the war began precisely because of this daring attack, to the depths of the soul of a terrified Lincoln, because the worst thing happened: the American raised the weapon on the Americans. However, in fact, with the class of Fort, Samter could all be completed, and his garrison could be evacuated by all military rules. But, apparently. Lincoln decided to start war. He behaved almost like a dictator. Without waiting for the consent of the Congress, he ordered to start the blockade of Harbor southern states and at the same time urged 75,000 volunteers into the army, and also mobilized regular military units. These unauthorized actions prompted a number of the states of the Upper South, still remaining as part of the Union, also join the Confederation: meaning North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, as well as Virginia, Washington and Jefferson.

Nevertheless, the confederation remained weaker than the North: the total number of its population - 5-6 million white and 3.5 million slaves - was half less than that of northerners. But, most importantly, almost the entire industry remained in the north. Therefore, the open speech of confederates was their strategic mistake; Southerners were mistaken, believing that the Nordic States could conquer. And yet at first they achieved certain success.

However, for Nikhi, the most terrible fact was not these defeats, but the obvious disinterest of England and France in the restoration of the Union; Already in May, both of these powers - unexpectedly for the federal government - recognized the status of a warring country for the confederation. They didn't need a strong union.

When the supply of cotton stopped because of the war, European states began to be inclined to intervention, to open support for the American South.

To prevent this threat (it follows, and the United States would forever remain split). Lincoln on September 22, 1862 published the famous proclamation on the release of slaves, in which "due to its powers of the President of the United States" and, relying on his military authority, announced all the slaves of the southern states from January 1, 1863. Free.

True, the slaves did not help this proclamation, but at the international level it was she who played a decisive role. Now, according to moral considerations, European powers could no longer start interventions and openly support the south, fought for the preservation of slavery.

Later, there was a legend (very popular and understood) that Lincoln was all the war, from its very beginning, fought for the liberation of slaves. In fact, the liberation of blacks was only a means to win the war, the main goal of Lincoln was to unite the country.

Just a few months before Lincoln published his proclamation, he stated that Congress had no right to free in any of the states of slaves. When May 9, 1862, General Northerners Hunter declared all the slaves of Georgia, Florida and South Carolina free, Lincoln disavowed this decree. Jares Grily, publisher of the New York Tribune newspaper, in an open letter "lethargy" reproached the president in the position employed on the issue of slavery. Lincoln answered: "My Higher Goal is to save the Union, not the destruction or conservation of slavery. If I could save the union without freeing a single slave, I would do it. And if I could save the Union, freeding some and workers to free others, then I would do it. "

After the appearance of the proclamation on the liberation of slaves, the war continued for another one and a half years and from the month to the month became becoming more and more cruel and bloody. It was the first war of modern type. Hand grenades, rockets, mines, as well as machine guns were used; Torpedes, sea mines, armored rooms, armored tickets, aerostats were used. Opponents used fugasic shells against each other, flamets, tried to create "offensive gas choking action." In Alabam, there was even a submarine almost six-meter length; In February 1864, she sank near Charleston the enemy ship; However, the boat sank sank with him.

Since the tactics and receptions of war management have completely changed, no more moral restrictions remained. From a moral point of view, this war was a refund to barbarism; Especially Yarym Supporter of this method of warfare was General Northern William t Sherman. He led the war not only against the armed forces of the enemy, but also with no less cruelty - against the civilian population. Its main method was terror. During the eight-week "march to the sea", his army, not knowing the mercy, passed through Georgia, destroying everything in his path. Following the army, which he called the "instrument of the Lord of Justice," there were thousands of marauders and black arsonists and thieves. "We are struggling not only against the hostile army, but also against the hostile people. It is necessary that everyone be old or young, rich or poor, "felt the harsh hand of war," Sherman said. After he devastated Georgia, there was a turn of North and South Carolina. However, all these crucifiers committed to Sherman have a little affected by a military campaign. On April 9, 1865, General Lee capitulated in APPOMATETS (Virginia); The war came to an end, the north won; "Confederate States of America" \u200b\u200bno longer existed. However, most of the country was broken; Human losses exceeded the total losses that America will incur in the two future world wars. Both hostilities experienced tremendous hatred towards each other. Lincoln decided to radically change the political course. Hate had to pay off. The president begged his ministers not to relate to the southern states as a conquered country. He wanted to see fellow citizens in the residents of the southern states. "At the end of the war, no persecution, no bloody affairs!" - I insisted Lincoln. "No one is right to expect that I will take part in the executions and hanging these people, even if you are the worst of them ... We must put an end to all reproaches and accusations, if we want to cooperate and want to restore the Union. Some of our friends are too crazy to become the full owners of the situation; They strive to wave with southerners without a look and do not consider them for fellow citizens. They do not want to respect their rights. I do not share such feelings. "

In this meeting, the Cabinet of Ministers also participated, General Grant, in front of which, just a few days before that, capitulated commander-in-chief of the southern states. When Grant asked what conditions of surrender, he presented to the soldiers of the defeated army of the Confederation, he replied: "I let go home to their families and said that they would not be punished, if they would not do anything." However, not all people surrounded by Lincoln shared his position. For example, Military Minister Edwin M. Stanton believed that it was necessary to occupy the south, place troops there and pursue the retaliation policy.

Cabinet meeting, on which Lincoln spoke of reconciliation, was held in the morning of April 14, 1865. In the evening of the same day, Lincoln was shot dead. The fanatical supporter of the southern states killed a man who is better than Ktolo, could defend the right of the south!

It was here that undoubtedly lies a contradiction, Nelpitsa: Is it really any southerner who could be interested in the murder of Lincoln? You can, of course, assume that Buts did not know anything about the reconciliation policy, which Lincoln was going to take, or did not believe in it. John Wils Buts, "The most beautiful man in Washington," did not occur from the southern states, but from Meriland. The question of the abolition of slavery did not interest him at all - from an economic point of view, nor with emotional. He was born in the acting family; His father, Junius Bruutus Bud, was considered the best actor of America for a long time.

John Wils Butch was not so famous. However, apparently, he tried with all their might to make him talk about himself. At the beginning of the war, when southerners fired at Fort Sumter, he shouted at the time during the performance from the scene in the auditorium that this shelling is one of the most heroic acts in history. He shouted this not in the south, but in Albany, the state of New York, for which he was expelled from the city.

Two years later, he joined the underground movement of confederates. As an actor and speaking in various cities and states, he could imperceptibly communicate with other Agents of Yuzhan. So, the killer Abraham Lincoln, writes the roscov, was not at all irresponsible madness, but was a secret agent who participated in the branched plot and had many accomplices.

However, it is not worth representing this underground movement of something like an organization with a strict discipline, and yet it could help buds to implement it a fantastic plan: to kidnap the president and take him to Virginia. Three times Buses were preparing to make kidnapping - the first time on January 18, 1865, it was necessary for the president to attack the "Ford" theater, then tie it, pull it out on the rope from the lodge, where he was sitting on the stage, located downstairs, and then, hiding behind the scenes Through a spare outlet, deliver Lincoln to the crew outside the crew outside. According to another plan, the president should attack when he walks along the forest path in the vicinity of Washington. But none of these plans managed to implement, since the president at the last moment all the time changed his routine of the day. In the end, Buses (probably after the south capitulated) refused the abduction plan and decided to murder. The only question is whether he himself has conceived the murder.

Here is another mysterious moment in the "Lincoln business": April 14, the president, as noted by the servant of the White House later, - going to visit the theater in the evening, asked the Military Minister Stanton to appoint him a bodyguard of one of his adjutants, Major Ecarka, a man of reliable and very strong . Stanton rejected the request: this evening the EcCart was allegedly needed elsewhere, and it was impossible to do without it.

Stanton Lital; This evening the EcCart was completely free from service.

Instead, Stanton puts in front of the door of Lodz Pianchuga Parker, soon who left his post, and then the killer could be able to go to the presidential lie ...

But back to the fugitives. On the other side of the anchor Harold Nastig Buck, and at the night of April 15, they rushed on a pre-planned path. However, the broken leg was badly sick, and therefore Buts decided to visit the doctor, Dr. Samyuyl Madda, who lived in Bryantown - a few months ago he had once again called him. At 4 o'clock in the morning, the fugitives arrived at home Madda and woke out the sleeping doctor. Buts climbed the face shawl, leaving only eyes open. Harold and Madd removed him from the horse and delivered to the house. There the doctor cut him a boot and put a bandage on his leg. Only late in the morning, Harold and Buds were moving again. Before that, the doctor once again examined the damaged leg and made two-legged crutches.

Later, before the court, Dr. Madd said that the patient turned away his face all the time, so he could not see him. However, the court did not believe him.

The judges even counted that it was Dr. Madd that he recommended the fugitives to go to some colonel Kokska, so that he crossed them through the Potomac, the border opened the way to Virginia. Dr. Madd was sentenced to life imprisonment in a calender prison.

However, along the way to Colonel Kokskus Buts and Harold got lost and therefore fell too late to him; He no longer dared to cross them through the Potomac, but hid them among the swamps 3 km from his house. There Bus began to keep a diary.

Meanwhile, in Washington, Lewis Peyne was able to grasp Lewis, who made an attempt on Seward Secretary of State, as well as George Esterodt, who was to kill Johnson's vice-president. In addition, they drew attention to the pension of some Sarratt, where Buses often gone around. The hostess itself was arrested, sarratt, and three suspicious persons. True, one of probably the main conspirators could not be seized: it's about John X. Sarratte, the son of the hostess of the guesthouse. All those arrested were taken to the Sugussian warship, who was anchored in Potomak; They came together in the shackles. By order of Stanton, the seasine bags were put on the head, tightening them on the throat. There were only tiny breathing holes in the bags; To see, hear or talk prisoners could not.

In the meantime, Buck and Harold continued to look for. Stanton announced that everyone who helps fugitives or give them asylum, waiting for the execution. Soon the traces of them were found. Initially, they went to Dr. Madda, then on the coke, however, the fugitives managed to leave his possessions: they still managed to cross it through Potomac. Beats's head appointed a reward - 100,000 dollars, for Harold - 25,000.

The fugitives found 125 km south of Washington, close to Port Roiyala. They stopped in one farm family, giving themselves for a confederation soldier returning home. When on Tuesday April 25, troops appeared in the vicinity of the farm. Butus and Harold hid in the barn, where she was kept tobacco. There, on the night on Wednesday, they were tracking down.

According to the order, Boutes and Harold followed alive. Soldiers surrounded the barn and demanded that the conspirators came out. Without having received any answer, they threatened that they set fire to the shed. They laid a barn bridge near the walls and gave fugitives five minutes at thought. It took more than five minutes; Finally, Harold came out and surrendered. Buts stayed in the barn and shouted that he would shoot everyone. Then the soldiers set fire to the twig. The flame immediately swung on the construction, and the soldiers saw the Buck, caught on the crutches on the burning shed and did not find the soldiers. Then he ran out, shot someone from the soldiers. Deadly wounded But fell. The soldiers pulled him out of the barn; By the morning, Lincoln's killer emptied the Spirit.

The chief participant of the conspiracy was dead. However, with him they found a diary and transferred it to the Military Ministry. Strange, but during the trial of the conspirators on the BOOTS diary did not pay any attention, although he was undoubtedly an important evidence. He did not remember at all. Only a few years later, Brigadier General Lafayets K. Baker (during the Civil War he was the chief of the police) said, speaking before the investigative Commission of the Congress, which gave the BOOTS Diary to Military Minister Stanton, his immediate boss; When he got it back, there was lack of multiple pages. Stanton replied that these pages were not when Baker passed his diary. A total of eighteen pages were escaped - all from the same part of the diary, which described the events of the days preceding the murder of Lincoln.

The process against the persons participating in the conspiracy of Buck, as well as their accomplices began on May 9, 1865 in the Washington Military Prison. Arrested appeared before the Emergency Military Commission. The case was referred to by the Military Court, since at the time of the murder Lincoln was the Supreme Commander. One of the nine judges was Major General Lewis Wallace (in a few years he will write the novel "Bend", which is still among the world bestsellers today). The main idea of \u200b\u200bthis "novel from the Epoch of Christ" is retribution. And the retribution was the main goal on the process against the participants of the conspiracy. The judges were very harsh. Of the eight accused four sentenced to hanging: Neina, Harold, etcodt, as well as Mary Sarratt. On July 7, 1865, the sentences were pursuant, although Mary Sarratt was not worn at all. Later, the case will call her by court murder. She died, one might say instead of her son, John Sarratta who participated in the conspiracy and fled to Canada. The American historian of Kiva believes that "it is impossible to doubt the fact that Stanton deliberately allowed him to leave."

When four months after the murder of Lincoln, the American Consul in London said to Washington that Sarratta was seen in England, he was answered that after consultation with the military minister, it was impossible to undertake anything. Later Sarratt noticed in Italy. But then Stanton did not want to do anything; In vain Secretary of State Seward prompted the military minister to climb about the arrest of the conspiratorist. Stanton did not react at all. However, Seward did not give up and with the help of the maritime minister eventually achieved the desired one. In December 1866, an envelope was sent to Egypt to capture Sarratt there. However, when he finally appeared before the court, no one would have managed to come.

The second trial against him was discontinued for years. Theodore Rosca is convinced that from the very beginning and in the capture of Sarratta, and in the organization of the trial, the most partly admitted for the most serious wires.

When it comes to mysterious moments in the case of the murder of Lincoln, constantly pops up the name of the Military Minister Stanton. It took a hundred years, and in 1961 a random find has reinforced the assumptions about the possible involvement of Stanton to the murder of the president. In the Bukinistic store in Philadelphia, a book that owned the once brigade general Lafayette K. Beiker, on the binding lid of which Baker, who raised with Stanton, left a curious inscription certified by the general autograph. The inscription was made on May 2, 1868. It begins like this: "I am constantly pursued. These are professionals. I do not leave them. "

Then in the form of Allegory, Baker speaks about the murder of Lincoln. "Three people lived in a new Rome: Judas, Brut and Spy. When defeated died, Judas appeared and honored someone who hated. And when he saw his death, he said: "Now he is prepared eternity. And nation - me! "

Recent words can be perceived as a paraphrase of the words spoken by Stanton after the death of Lincoln: "Now he belongs to eternity." At the end of the notes says: "If anyone asks what happened to the spy - it was me. Lafayette K. Baker, 2.5.68. " After a few months, Baker died. Already then suspected that the former chief of the secret police poisoned.

And the fate of the Lafayette K. Baker itself, and the inscription left them, still shrouded the mystery. A number of other events related to the "Lincoln case" also fail to clarify. A clink chain, which can be reserved from them, in no way call lasting. And all these riddles give the right to doubt that in the "Lincoln case", everything is actually so clear as it seemed throughout the whole century.