Dizziness is a feeling of imaginary rotation of the surrounding items, your own body or rotation "inside the head". Dizziness can be felt as a sense of instability, "drops in the abyss", leaving under the feet of the soil. The dizziness is based on a violation of the interaction of vestibular and visual analyzersAs well as deep sensitivity that jointly provide spatial orientation. Dizziness may occur both with violations associated with each of these three systems and with impaired coordination between them.

Causes and types of dizziness

There are a lot of reasons that cause dizziness. Dizziness may occur as a result of lesion inner ear or vestibular nerve. This dizziness is called peripheral. The cause of dizziness is also a brain disease (for example, tumors), and then they talk about central dizziness.

Dizziness is divided into vestibular (with violations of the vestibular apparatus) and non-violations (with violations in other organs and systems). In addition, dizziness may occur with some anomalies of development (for example, with the so-called tower skull), stress, pregnancy, as well as healthy people In transport, on a swing, in the elevator, when looking down from the height, when observed for fast-moving objects. Such sensations in healthy people are a sign of vestibular instability.

Depending on the cause, weissibular dizziness are divided into visual (caused by the pathology of the organ of vision and the oculomotory apparatus), cardiovascular (with diseases of the heart), abdominal (with violations of organs of organs abdominal cavity), cervical (due to the vertebral artery syndrome), benched (with violations of the hearing body), neurological (with various diseases nervous system).

Vestibular dizziness

Vestibular dizziness meet most often and arise as a result of the lesion of vestibular structures (supporting equilibrium) or when exposed to them from outside with a number of diseases of other organs and systems. The vestibular dizziness occurs when the brain receives incorrect information from the inner ear.

By the nature of sensations, vestibular dizziness is divided into systemic and non-systemic. System dizziness are characterized by a sensation of a certain direction of imaginary movement (right, left, forward, backwards, and so on). Unisexual dizziness Characterized by a feeling of rotation inside the head, soil spokes under legs.

Attacks of dizziness

Dizziness may occur parly, accompanied by a sharp disorder of equilibrium, sweating, pallhery or redness of the face, heartbeat, unpleasant sensations in the heart, in the abdomen and others. Dizziness is enhanced by changing the position of the head, especially when it is raised from the pillow or turn to the side, and vomiting often appears.

Despite the feeling of fear, which accompanies almost any attack of dizziness, in itself it is not dangerous for life. However, it is very important to timely and correctly determine the diagnosis of the disease that caused dizziness.

First aid in the attack

With an unexpected bout of dizziness, it is necessary:

Exercises for vestibular dizziness

If constant dizziness is bothering you, then for their overcoming except the treatment prescribed treatment, you can make a set of exercises. The therapeutic effect of exercises is based on the fact that the brain is able to adapt to the new situation and after a while, as a result of constant training, dizziness gradually disappears.

From a number of exercises, you need to choose those that cause you a dizziness attack and perform them with open eyes (five times each) twice a day with a break of at least eight hours. The complete disappearance of dizziness may occur in two months.

By the way

Dizziness can accompany more than 80 different diseases. At least four specialists passes the patient until the true diagnosis is made. Unfortunately, in 75% of cases, dizziness remains unrecognized and untreamed.

Vertigo and Krutigo

It is known that the loss of equilibrium can be caused by violations of the vestibular apparatus. However, we do not work on the preservation of equilibrium, but many. In addition to the vestibular system located in the inner ear, in this work, eye, muscles, leather and joint receptors are involved. All of them provide the receipt of the most different sensory information into a single "dispatching", the role of which plays the central nervous system. It is at least one of the links to fail, as the entire slender mechanism collapses. And the person loses the feeling of stability.

In medicine, this phenomenon, if it is manifested by systemically, and not from time to time, wears the speaking name - Vertigo. The most harmless reason is the age. Over the years, vision and ear weaken, the work of the joints deteriorates, the elasticity of the skin and muscles lose - as a result, the person becomes less sustainable. So, if 65-year-old dizziness occurs only 2 times more often than youth, then after 75 years - already 4-5 times more often. Therefore, along with a visit to a neurologist, an elderly patient, complaining of vertigo, should contact the Laura (or to the toothrolog). And then to the oculist and rheumatologist. But, of course, the atherosclerosis of vessels can also be removed from the accounts. Reduce dizziness, noise in the ears, special vascular preparations and nootropics help when walking. They improve blood microcirculation and its delivery to brain vessels, stimulate the metabolism in the brain and increase its resistance to the lack of oxygen. For people who have difficulty ingesting pills and capsules, you can choose the form of a medication in the form of lollipops.

How to live scary!

If the age loss of equilibrium is the matter, though unpleasant, but natural, then sudden dizziness Young people can be completely inexperienced. Of course, sometimes the usual weather sensitivity is so manifest, due to which they change vascular tone and blood flow. Or it may be a sign of alcohol and any other intoxication. Or by-effect The reception of some antibiotics and antidepressants.

From time to time the head "rides" and in people suffering from stress and anxiety disorders, excessive mental load, lack of sleep and fatigue. And then sedatives, sufficient sleep and recreation, fresh air, vitamins, as well as observance of the optimal day mode can not only improve the mood, but also to remove an unpleasant symptom. But if the head is often spinning (that is, the symptom becomes systematic), then it's not worth everything Written off on changes in weather or stress working rhythm - it is necessary to seriously understand.

After all, hazardous diseases can be manifested. For example, head injuries or brain tumors. In this case, other neurological disorders should be in addition to dizziness. They can identify a competent neurologist when inspection. If necessary, he will send a patient on the MRI of the brain. Unlike malignant dizziness, there is a benign. But let it mislead the term. After all, let's say, with Meniere's disease, when the inner ear suffers, dizziness and the noise in the ears there are such strength and duration that they do not allow to live normally. It is this disease that the Great suffered van Gogh. The painful dizziness brought the painter to the point that he cut off his ear. But today Lor could easily help the artist.

The road is aswaling going

In addition to drugs, physical activity plays a major role in the prevention and treatment of benign dizziness. It belongs to both vestibular gymnastics, which, with regular use, helps to significantly improve balance and any physical exercises, and even ordinary walking. Motor activity improves the neuroplasticity of the brain and helps the formation of new neural connections. Even if part of the brain suffered, these functions can take on another site. Many older people, fearing dizziness, refuse not only from active walk, but also from any movement. And in vain. After all, what more man She walks, the better it does it. And unfortunately, on the contrary: the less he walks, the worse it turns out. And for the suspension, you can initially take aimed with me, and then a wand (or even two, as for the Scandinavian walk).

Relief from dizziness helps yoga. Especially the so-called yoga dervish - Samadev. It does not imply intensive loads, very smooth and pays main attention to posture and breathing. It is necessary to breathe with a straight back, smoothly choosing the air to the nose and filling them first the belly, and then chest. Exit - only through the mouth.

Our expert is a neurologist, associate professor in the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the PMGMU named after I. M. Sechenov, Candidate of Medical Sciences Natalia Vakhnina.

According to statistics, the weak floor suffers twice a two times more often. Although, perhaps, men on such "trifles" simply do not appeal to doctors. And in vain. Because this phenomenon is not at all trifling and besides a strongly reduced quality of life.

Dizziness can accompany more than 80 different diseases. At least four specialists passes the patient until the true diagnosis is made. Unfortunately, in 75% of cases, dizziness remains unrecognized and untreamed.

Vertigo and Krutigo

It is known that the loss of equilibrium can be caused by violations of the vestibular apparatus. However, we do not work on the preservation of equilibrium, but many. In addition to the vestibular system located in the inner ear, in this work, eye, muscles, leather and joint receptors are involved. All of them provide the receipt of different sensory information into a single "dispatching", the role of which plays the central nervous system. It is at least one of the links to fail, as the entire slender mechanism collapses. And the person loses the feeling of stability.

In medicine, this phenomenon, if it is manifested by systemically, and not from time to time, wears the speaking name - Vertigo. The most harmless reason is the age. Over the years, vision and ear weaken, the work of the joints deteriorates, the elasticity of the skin and muscles lose - as a result, the person becomes less sustainable. So, if 65-year-old dizziness occurs only 2 times more often than youth, then after 75 years - already 4-5 times more often. Therefore, along with a visit to a neurologist, an elderly patient, complaining of vertigo, should contact the Laura (or to the toothrolog). And then to the oculist and rheumatologist. But, of course, the atherosclerosis of vessels can also be removed from the accounts. Reduce dizziness, noise in the ears, special vascular preparations and nootropics help when walking. They improve blood microcirculation and its delivery to brain vessels, stimulate metabolism in the brain and increase its resistance to the lack of oxygen.

For people experiencing difficulties with swallowing tablets and capsules, it is possible to choose the form of a medication in the form of lollipops.

How to live scary!

If the age loss of equilibrium is a matter of though an unpleasant, but natural, then a sudden dizziness in young people can be completely indispensable. Of course, sometimes there is a common weather sensitivity, because of which the vascular tone and blood flow of the vessels are changing. Or it may be a sign of alcohol and any other intoxication. Or by the side effect of the reception of some antibiotics and antidepressants.

But if the head is often spinning (that is, the symptom becomes systemic), then you should not write off the weather or a stress working rhythm on changes in weather or a stress working rhythm - it is necessary to seriously understand.

After all, hazardous diseases can be manifested. For example, head injuries or brain tumors. In this case, other neurological disorders should be in addition to dizziness. They can identify a competent neurologist when inspection. If necessary, he will send a patient on the MRI of the brain. Unlike malignant dizziness, there is a benign. But let it mislead the term. After all, let's say, with Meniere's disease, when the inner ear suffers, dizziness and the noise in the ears there are such strength and duration that they do not allow to live normally. It is this disease that the Great suffered van Gogh. The painful dizziness brought the painter to the point that he cut off his ear. But today Lor could easily help the artist.

The road is aswaling going

In addition to drugs, physical activity plays a major role in the prevention and treatment of benign dizziness. It belongs to both vestibular gymnastics, which, with regular use, helps to significantly improve balance, and any exercise, and even ordinary walking. Motor activity improves the neuroplasticity of the brain and helps the formation of new neural connections. Even if part of the brain suffered, these functions can take on another site. Many older people, fearing dizziness, refuse not only from active walk, but also from any movement. And in vain. After all, the more man walks, the better it does it. And unfortunately, on the contrary: the less he walks, the worse it turns out. And for the suspension, you can initially take aimed with me, and then a wand (or even two, as for the Scandinavian walk).

Relief from dizziness helps yoga. Especially the so-called yoga dervish - Samadev. It does not imply intensive loads, very smooth and pays main attention to posture and breathing. It is necessary to breathe with a straight back, smoothly choosing the air with the nose and filling it with the belly first, and then the chest. Exit - only through the mouth.

Any loss of orientation in space, the feeling of movement of objects around themselves or feeling that the earth leaves from under his feet, can not not scare. Sometimes this feeling is fleeing and very quickly. But if a strong dizziness is repeated again, you need to contact the doctors to find out why an alarming feeling appears. After all, it can be a symptom of many diseases.

The reasons for vertigo - so doctors call the symptom that patients are described as dizziness - a lot. Often we are all experiencing it in childhood, when we ride on the carousels or twist, holding hands, and then dramatically stop. The world around seemingly continues to move towards me. This was a true vertigo, the head can be cleaned so that it was possible to even fall, losing the balance, and this is the safest and predictable dizziness.

But if such a person feels, standing in the morning from bed, or in the middle of the street, or sitting on the bus, it is worth thinking about a visit at least to the therapist. After all, severe dizziness can be a symptom of life-threatening diseases.

Dizziness or not?

The head of the brain bark perceives many signals of the vestibular system, hearing organs and vision to transmit pulses into the muscles - the balance of the body is ensured, the possibility of its normal movement. The system is extremely difficult, any failure in it can lead to trouble, and then instead of reality, a person sees the illusion of the movement of objects, peace around him.

True dizziness with the illusion of the movement of objects or human itself is divided into peripheral and central.

Peripheral dizziness may be caused:

• violations in the vestibular apparatus - the body, which is part of the inner ear and is responsible for the balance, analyzing the change in the position of the head, reacting to them very accurately and clearly, which allows a person not to fall even with eyes closed;
• inflammation of the inner ear, otititis;
• benign Middle Ear Tumors;
• labyrinthitis - inflammation in which not only the vestibular apparatus, but also the hearing;
• meniere's disease is a chronic disease, accompanied by a common drop in hearing, vision, nystagm - involuntary movement of eyeballs.

Central True Dizziness causes:

• card-brain injury, spinal injury in the neck: Along with other consequences of a strong blow, a person feels like moving in space either sees how the items around are moving (sailing);
• a stroke - hemorrhage that causes multiple violations in the work of the brain, very strongly affect the ability to navigate in space, keep balance, move normally;
• brain tumors;
• epilepsy;
• cervical osteochondrosis.

Doctors often talk about false dizziness, that is, about the symptoms that patients mistakenly consider vertigo. In these cases, patients complain about strange sensations inside the head, heaviness or weightlessness, while there is also a sharp increase in sweating, short-term loss of vision, equilibrium, weakness, rapid heartbeat. The main thing about this - the symptom arises regardless of whether a person moves or not. Any true dizziness is manifested only when driving, changing the position of the head, body.

The causes of false vertigo may be:

• sugar diabetes (hypoglycemia);
• hypertension (sometimes hypotension);
• heart disease and vessels;
• anemia, starvation;
• depression;
• nervous disorders, stress, as well as overwork;
• myopia (serious myopia).

The reasons for strong dizziness can be a lot, most often the elderly people or adolescents suffer from them, so it is necessary to diagnose the disease and treat it, and not a symptom that causes inconvenience.

First aid

It is necessary to know what to do with a strong dizziness so as not to get into a dangerous situation, do not jeopardize your life and the lives of surrounding people.

• do not panic - in itself it does not represent danger;
• sit down, and better - to lie down, if there is such an opportunity, in the extreme case to rely on the wall;
• focus on any fixed object (looking at one point the ballerinas are accustomed, so the ropes are made);
• do not cover your eyes, it will worsen a state;
• come in yourself, it is worth checking arterial pressure, Take everything you need to normalize it.

If a strong dizziness literally knocked out the soil from under his feet, there are noise in the ears or rings, there are problems with vision, started hands or legs, do everything to attract attention, such a state requires immediate medical care.

Not always a person can feel the approximation of a strong attack of dizziness and take a safe position. In this case, the correct actions of others may save his life.

• with a sudden loss of consciousness to give a sniffing alcohol, anyone will suit essential oil with a strong sharp odor;
• provide fresh air access, open windows, unbutton clothing;
• give a medicine if the patient constantly takes drugs to reduce pressure or normalization of cardiovascular activities;
• two or three chips of strong sweet tea, chocolate will help with dizziness due to anemia;
• call an ambulance brigade.

Dangerous symptom is a strong dizziness, the causes of which are injured or injury. Here it is impossible to slow down with a challenge of ambulance, since dizziness speaks of dangerous blood loss, serious damage to the internal organs.

In chronic diseases

When dulling caused by the approximation of an epilepsy attack, if the patient failed to stop it, it is necessary to ensure a safe position of the body so that it does not injure himself. Under the head you can put a roller from the clothes, follow, so as not to sing the language, which can cause a suffocation.

Dizziness with a sharp rise - the symptom is not too dangerous. If this happens often, you need to teach yourself not to get up from bed, barely opened my eyes.

You need to give time to wake up to all the muscles, squeeze out several times and dismiss the fingers of the hands, stretch, strain and relax muscles, make a few breaths, but only then take vertical position. With age, our bodies are harder increasingly adapt to the changed rhythm of life, the vessels lose elasticity, everything is harder to work with the heart, so they are completely unnecessary loads.

Toxicosis, alcoholic and other poisoning, overdose of certain medicinal preparations There may also be a cause of dizziness, while often such a state is fraught with serious complications, up to death.

Often, severe dizziness are tested with a sharp pressure drop, barking osteochondrosis, vascular pathologies. Help to normalize the situation and avoid repetition of the attacks will be able to the doctor's prescribed procedures, drugs.

Treatment and Prevention Methods

Since severe dizziness is caused by a variety of reasons, first need to determine their cause. For serious chronic diseases It is really necessary to fulfill all the recommendations of the doctor. Even a small runny nose can cause problems with the vestibular apparatus, lead to irreversible disorders that will complicate life significantly.

In no case cannot be engaged in self-medication, only a doctor can be diagnosed and prescribed treatment. The main thing for the patient is not to launch the disease, start treatment immediately.

Perfectly helps to cope with strong dizziness and nausea when swinging the vestibular apparatus training, daily walks in the fresh air, physical exercise. Trips on bicycles, skiing, ice skating, morning gymnastics, including tilting and rotation of the head, torso, cocktails and carpets should become permanent.

Diseases accompanying true central dizziness must be treated only under the supervision of the doctor, often these states threatening life.
No less serious relationship requires false dizziness, especially if they are accompanied by:

• nausea,
• vomiting
• pallor skin
• cold sweat,
• weakness,
• fainting.

These signs can talk about heart attack or stroke, acute cardiovascular failure.

Head is very spinning in pregnant women, such is the reaction of the body to the changing state, it is not necessary to scare. Such dizziness is characteristic of adolescents forced to spend time in the sulk school classes, audiences. Carrying off the cabinets, walks and games in the outdoor air will be able to help eliminate the problem.

Do not wear tight clothes, tie tight tie or belt, it also provokes dizziness due to lack of oxygen, blood supply to the brain.
With anemia, asthenia must not be forgotten about means that will help to quickly come to themselves: chocolate, strong sweet tea in the thermos, a bottle with ammonia in his pocket so that you can smell at any time.

Remember the algorithm

The most dangerous dizziness is to sit behind the car's handlebar. A person may be dangerous for himself for himself, and for others, so at the slightest signs of approaching the attack you need to turn on the roadside, to stop, enable the alarm alarm and ask for help.

Sudden dizziness is not a reason for panic, you need:

• find a support: sit down, lie down or just rely on something;
• focus on a fixed subject;
• normalize breathing, breathe deep and smoothly;
• unbutton upper buttons on clothes, weaken the belt;
• if the condition has not come to normal after 10-20 minutes, call for help or call an ambulance.

Several times in life the head is spinning at all. But repeating with enviable constancy, they should be a reason to apply to the hospital for examination and treatment. The doctor will tell you how to keep muscle and vessels in the tone, how much to be in the fresh air than to eat, so as not to harm yourself.

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Dizziness is a condition characterized by the illusion of the movement of the person himself or the surrounding items. It is a symptom, not an independent disease. Depending on the main reason, dizziness can continue for a few seconds, minutes, hours or even days.

Symptoms

For dizziness attacks are characterized by the following symptoms:

• Equilibrium loss;
• Nausea;
• Vomiting;
• The inability to stand and / or walk.

Sometimes dizziness is accompanied by a ringing in the ears, worsening hearing, increased temperature Bodies and Nistagm - uncontrolled eye movements.

The reasons

Labyrinthitis

Labyrinthitis is an infection of the inner ear filled with a liquid structure that controls hearing and equilibrium.

With its inflammation, the information he sends the brain is different from the one that the healthy inner ear sends. This can cause dizziness - the main symptom of the labyrinthitis.

The cause of labyrinthitis is usually viral infection; much less often it causes bacterial infection inner ear. In addition to dizziness, the symptoms of the labyrinthite can be high body temperature and strong headache.

Vestibular neuritis

Vestibular neurith is a disease of the inner ear causing nervous pain and inflammation. This can cause a dizziness attack in a duration of several hours or days.

Viral infection can also cause vestibular neuritis - If it spreads to the vestibular nerve, which is used to save equilibrium.

Benign paroxysmal positional dizziness

Short, intense, regularly repeated dizziness attacks (usually ongoing less than thirty seconds) are often the result of a benign paroxysmal positional dizziness (DPPG). Episodes of DPPG usually happen when a person turns his head sharply, looks up, gets up, or leans. Dizziness may be accompanied by nausea, rarely - vomiting, as well as Nistagm.

It is assumed that DPPG is caused by small fragments, which for some reason are separated from the shell of channels of the inner ear. Usually they do not cause problems, unless they fall into liquid filled channels.

Most of the time, these fragments remain at the bottom of the channels. However, as a result of certain movements of the head, they relate to sensitive hairs on the walls of the inner ear. The brain comes a signal that causes dizziness.

DPPG is most often striking the elderly, but meets young. In most cases, the violation is developing without visible reasons, but sometimes it is the result of the ear infection, surgical operation, head injuries or long stay in horizontal position - For example, due to illness.

Meniery's disease

Strong dizziness can be caused by such a rare disease as Menieret's disease. Other symptoms of this state are the deterioration of hearing, the ringing in the ears, the feeling of pressure in the ears.

Patient with Meniery's disease may experience sudden bouts of dizziness from twenty minutes to twenty-four hours. The attacks often cause nausea and vomiting. The ringing in the ears characteristic of the Meniere disease may increase over time. The deterioration or loss of hearing at the first stage of the development of the disease is temporary, but over time they can become permanent.

Head injury

Sometimes dizziness begins after the head injury. This may be a sign of serious damage, so when this symptom appears, you need to seek medical help as soon as possible.

Migraine

In some cases, migraine, except for strong headaches and increased sensitivity in light and sounds, causes dizziness.