Today, many people try to acquire a country area, because their own corner outside the city is a great opportunity to spend the weekend closer to nature in the fresh air.

But far from always the territory of the site has a smooth relief. Often under the garden plots break the platforms on the slopes, which extremely hampers their use, beautiful arrangement and gardening.

In such a situation, the ideal solution to the use of retaining walls, which not only strengthen the slopes, preventing the soil shift, but also become a highlight landscape design With the design of the country area.

Currently, the use of retaining walls has become an indispensable element to decorate the country area and separating it into the zone.

What functions perform retaining walls

The retaining walls in landscape design are used to effectively disguise the relief flaws of the country area, delimit it to various functional sections or visually allocate one of them.

This is a peculiar support, barrier and original garden decoration, which has been widely popular for many years.

The use of retaining walls makes it possible to implement various fantasy landscape designers.

In addition, this design performs several important functions in areas with a slope located outside the city:

• strengthening the surface layer of the soil and preventing soil shift on the slopes;
• the retaining walls are an excellent solution to the question of the irregularities of the relief, while they change significantly. appearance cottage plot;
• designer element used to zoning the territory.

Most often, the retaining walls are used on steep slopes, which, after their use, have the form of a system of terraces - direct and wide lesions in the form of steps, vertical sides of which are strengthened by various materials to prevent soil collapse.

In order to build the retaining walls in the country, do not need a lot of effort and not necessarily cost them from expensive materials.

After all, it is possible to use even tools from which the walls are made not only to the territory of the site, but also warning landslides and spontaneous geoplasty.

Returning wall made of decorative stone

Today in landscape design, retaining walls occupy a special place. They are used as a protective and decorative element.

In addition to emphasizing the natural drop of heights on the plot with their help, it is possible and intentionally to make the flesh of the plane of smooth areas, in order to make a decorative highlight in the landscape of the territory.

Design species

There are various types of retaining walls that are divided depending on the target destination and material used for their construction.

Based on the functional load of the structure, the walls are distinguished:

• protecting - Early on the surface of steep slopes, protecting them from the offset of the upper layers of soil and landslides;
• artistic and decorative - used in cottage sites, the relief of which is smooth or has a slight bias.

Depending on the materials used for the construction of retaining walls, distinguish:

• concrete or reinforced concrete structures;
• half-breed;
• stone structures using natural material types;
• brick;
• wooden;
• walls from.

Returning walls erected by their own hands in landscape design:

Concrete construction

The main advantage of the retaining wall of concrete is the long life of its operation and strength that allows you to withstand sufficiently large soil pressure.

The retaining construction from concrete can be erected in two ways: pouring the monolithic wall or use ready-made reinforced concrete blocks.

In the first case, it will be necessary to finish the finished wall, but the blocks can be left in their original form, as the design will be sufficiently attractive.

What is needed to build a subel?

In order for the construction to live for a long time, it should have a foundation, body and necessarily a drainage to prevent the destruction of the main material moisture from precipitation and groundwater.

Therefore, first of all, you need to dig a trench to lay the foundation.

The width and depth of its occurrence directly depends on the height and thickness of the structure, which will be built as well as from the characteristics of the soil.

If the height of the retaining wall from concrete is not more than 30 cm, then the lack of foundation is allowed. However, it is necessary to carefully prepare at the base of a sandy-gravel pillow, warning fuels and cracking of the wall in winter periods during the freezing of the soil.

If the estimated height of the structure is about 100 cm, then it is necessary to dig a cutting to a depth of up to 40 cm.

When the trench is dug (by the way, it is not necessary to do smooth, the walls can be with bends and turns) on its bottom should be poured a pillow.

As a rule, a gravel or crushed stone is used for this purpose. After that, fit the reinforcement, fastened with each other, and mount the formwork from wooden boards, the thickness of which is at least 30 mm.

This is a necessary condition, since they must hold the pressure of the concrete mix and not bent. Also, the formwork is strengthened with risers driven into the ground with a distance of 1-1.5 m.

Now you can pour a concrete mix. It is important that it evenly filled the entire range of formwork. And after the pouring of the concrete (there must be at least 5 days), you can dismantle the halter wall and eliminate possible defects on the front side of the concrete subhead with a solution.

The final stage of the work will be a lining of the wall using one of the options to choose from, for example, a natural or artificial stone, a ceramic tile.

Stone retaining

The most beautiful and most expensive embodiment of the sub-stones is laying from natural stone. Here also necessarily the presence of a foundation made according to general principles Construction.

Highly important condition The construction of the stone subheads is that its width should be at least 30 cm, otherwise the finished design will be extremely unstable and can collapse under the action of the seasonal fluctuation of soil pressure.

Method of laying stone

It is recommended to start the wall with a dry stone. This will allow you to choose the most suitable combinations in size, coloring and configuration, making the laying more denser and stronger. Only then can be laid a retaining wall of stone using a solution.

Initially, a solution of 2 cm layer is applied to the foundation, after which the largest binding cobblestone is selected. Also put large stones along the edges, and the space between them is tightly filled with smaller.

Having finished with the first level, you can start up by the second, taking into account the principles of brickwork - above the seam of the lower row should be the middle of the stone of the second layer.

In addition, it should be remembered that the binding stones need to be laid with a distance of at least a meter.

It is impossible to use metal brushes and chemical detergents, as they can change the color and structure of natural stone.

How to make a retaining wall of stones with your own hands. Watch the video:

Similarly, the walls of the brick are laid out.

Use of Gabion

Today, structures made from gabions, which are metal grids, tightly filled with stones are gaining great popularity.

Mount this wall is very simple, the ribbon foundation can be done only when its height exceeds 1 m.

Between itself, the gabions are connected using galvanized wire, after which there are stones from granite or tiltry from the outside, and the inner invisible part is filled with rubble or pebbles.

Wall of brica

Wooden design is perhaps the simplest in the manufacture. To make the wall, it is necessary to prepare log in a thickness of at least 18 cm, corresponding to the altitude of the sub-suburbs, soak them with water repellent compositions.

Next, you need to dig a trench, put a pillow of gravel and vertically tightly set logs, connecting them with a wire or nails. With the back of the tree between the tree and the earth, the waterproof material is stacked (only tol, rubberoid).

After that, the trench is either tightly clogged with stones, or poured with a solution of concrete.

Decoration of retaining walls with alive plants

Decorating the design follows, given the overall style of landscape design.

Having planting plants along the retaining walls or in special pockets, which are left during their construction, preference should be given to squat vegetation.

Large bushes or trees will look extremely rude, but the carnation, the shipyard, the loyal or Liana perfectly emphasize the beauty of the subtle. Some owners of country sites prefer their stone or concrete subways have an old look. This can be easily achieved, the obtay with a kefir wall, after which it quickly touches moss.

The retaining walls made from various materials are a very popular designer element that performs a variety of functions on the site.

Their use can give the relief of uniqueness by making its highlight to the design of a country territory.

Most often the need to create terraces of different heights and steepness occurs in areas having a complex relief (hills, slopes, various irregularities). To make such terraces, the retaining walls are stacked. This is an architectural element that is used in vertical planning to reduce soil erosion, and also performs a decorative function in the landscape.

If there are height drops on the site, the retaining walls will become good option Vertical landscape design.

Decorative are used to distinguish between space, and functional - to hold the soil from erosion. According to the method of execution and used materials, concrete and boot concrete walls are isolated, as well as from natural stone (without a fastening solution or bonded), wood or bricks.

Stone retaining walls are considered the most durable, reliable and beautiful, they harmoniously fit into the landscape.

The stone itself acts as a facing, but as a fundamental material from which the whole design is performed. Often to give a natural view between the stones, the soil falls asleep and disembarking plants.

Required tools and materials

In the manufacture of a retaining wall of a natural stone, make sure that the emptiness does not occur inside, then the design will be stable.

To build a retaining wall of stone with a dry or wet laying, the following materials and tools will be needed.

List of tools:

• building level;
• master OK;
• drill with a nozzle mixer;
• wire brush;
• auxiliary tool ("Bulgarian", hammer, safety glasses, shovel);
• bruks or plaques for marking, cord.

List of materials:

• any durable natural stone (butt, granite, limestone, cobblestone, sandstone, gneis, boulders, dolomite, large pebbles, etc.);
• cement;
• sand;
• crushed stone (gravel);
• quicklime;
• water;
• trimming pipes;
• waterproofing material (rubberoid, roofing tol, mastic, bitumen);
• metal fittings.

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Construction of the retaining wall without a fastening solution

With a dry masonry method of the retaining wall, you can land various flowers or plants.

There are ways of laying stones in the retaining wall without a binder component - the method of dry masonry. This method is very laborious, involves careful selection of stones and qualified laying. In the absence of a bonding material, a low retaining wall can be erected (up to 1 m). First of all, the strength of the walls without a solution is affected by the care of stones.

On the station allotted, 20-40 cm with a trench of 20-40 cm, on the bottom of which lay a layer of rubble (10-15 cm), are thoroughly tamped, and sand (5 cm) falls from above. The first layer of the wall consists of large stone blocks, fully or partially blunting into the ground.

On the nature of the soil on which the wall is installed, its necessary minimum thickness depends (at least 30 cm). For durable clay soils, the wall thickness should be 1/4 of its height. For more loose sandy soils - 1/2 of its height, for average soils - 1/3 of its height. To increase the strength of the wall, a tilt of the design is 10-15 ° to the slope.

The natural stone is placed by layers, all seams are filled with small stones. After laying 2-3 rows, the space between the wall and the natural slope is filled with gravel and sandy mixture. The retaining wall rises to the specified height with alternating laying with a backfill. In the completion of work, the outer seams are clogged with a soil mixture, and the gravel-sandy mixture is covered with a layer of soil.

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Construction of the retaining wall using a solution

The use of the fastening substance allows the formation of retaining walls of any height. More often they are used to fix the soil from erosion. The main elements are the foundation, body, drainage and drainage.

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Preparation of the surface and fill of the foundation

First of all, it is necessary to determine the location and dimensions of the future retaining wall. Directly on Earth are located lower boundaries. In order to draw the level to the horizon at a long time, it is necessary to pull the cord between two stakes in the string and attach the usual bubble level to this string. It is possible to achieve an ideal horizontal cord, focusing in terms of level.

If the retaining wall is decorative and will perform an exclusively architectural and artistic function, you can lay the first row of stones directly to the ground, pre-removing the dend and the fertile layer of soil. For greater reliability, it is recommended to prepare the basis of rubble and sand.

Types of retaining walls in massiveness: A - massive unarmable; b - semi-massive reinforced; B is thin-element; G is thin.

Concrete foundation is needed primarily by the strengthening retaining walls intended to hold ground masses from the foaming. For the subsequent fill of the foundation, they pump the trench of the required width and a depth of 60-80 cm. They laid the pillow from sand (10 cm), a pillow of gravel (20 cm), shed water and tamper. Concrete solution is prepared from cement, rubble (gravel) and sand in proportions 1: 2: 2, respectively. The density must match the potato mashed potatoes.

For the foundation under the retaining wall not cracked, it needs to be associated with reinforcement. The outside of concrete is released by 15-20 cm several reinforcement rods to associate the foundation base with stone masonry. Concrete finish upset approximately 5-10 cm lower than the level of the ground from the front side.

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Preparation of the solution and laying of waterproofing

With wet masonry, cement-sand or cement-limestone is used. The classic cement-sandy solution is mixed in a 1: 3 ratio: 1 volume parts of cement, sand and water, respectively. Water is recommended to fill in the process of kneading, and not all immediately, since the amount of water depends on the humidity of the sand. The solution must be brought to the consistency of very thick sour cream.

For the preparation of a lime solution to 1 part of the oversized lime, depending on its fat, take from 2 to 5 parts of the sand. It will take 250-300 ml of water to each kg of the mixture, which is added to avoid the formation of lumps gradually, constantly stirring the solution. To increase strength, you can add cement: 1 part into 7 parts of the solution.

If the retaining wall comes into contact with the inside with the soil, then in this place it is protected throughout the profile with waterproofing. Ruberoid, roofing and synthetic waterproofers can be used as waterproofing. They are pasted on hot bitumen mastic. If the soil is dry, facing the surface of hot mastic, the bitumen will be enough.

In the process of laying every few meters in the seams under the tilt, drainage tubes for water removal are laid. This should be provided for that water, the influence of which will be subject to a retaining wall, during freezing did not violate the structural integrity of the structure. On heavy clay soils, it is recommended to form a drain layer and under the foundation itself.

Often in uneven sections of the garden have to create steps or so-called artificial terraces. Hilly areas need to strengthen the slopes, as well as such steps serve as a beautiful decor. Often, even on even country daches, the owners prefer to create decorative retaining walls.

Return walls can be not only practical, but also a picturesque detail of the interior

With a small level of slope (up to 8%) there is an opportunity to fix the slope by plants whose roots hold well to hold. High level The slope (8-15%) involves the holding of the slope terracement. It is implied to create horizontal steps that are separated by retaining walls. Today we will focus in detail on the technique of manufacturing such structures.

Basic groups of retaining walls

The plot will not be comfortable and comfortable, if you do not strengthen its slopes from slipping the soil. Problems may occur both at the top of the slope and below. Thus, the arrangement of walls and fences is a matter that requires maximum responsibility.

On the plot with the slope it is possible to create our own hands the terraces different species and structures. For convenience, we broke the embodiments of the retaining wall to three conventional groups:

1. Hard walls built with concrete, brick, different species Natural and artificial stone. Such designs do not change their sizes under the influence of soil loads. They are characterized by reliability and durability, can have the best appearance, expensive and time consuming. This group deserves separate consideration and is described by us in a special article.
2. Flexible walls made of wooden or gabion elements, from old car tires, according to the technology of reinforcing the soil. Such structures can change their dimensions under the influence of soil pressure. The listed technologies quite reliably fulfill their purpose. Characterized by moderate cost and labor intensity, they may look quite decent. These options are the subject of consideration of this article.
3. High-tech structures using screw piles, burbilling piles and pins. The use of listed technologies requires the use of special equipment, technology and knowledge. This is clearly not for those who are used to solve problems with their own hands. However, in the presence of funds, it is possible to ensure the improvement of the slopes of any complexity.

The simplest retaining wall of the log

Wooden retaining walls

What can artificial steps do from? The material for the retaining wall is the main and crucial moment in the construction. The most popular due to its availability is a tree. It is possible to use to support steps and logs, and timber. The size will depend on the height of the fence defined for the retaining walls. A wonderful alternative for the device steps - railway sleepers.

Steps towering above the ground to the height of no more than meter require a diameter of at least 15 cm. The log length varies from 1.5 meters (half meters of which go to the underground part).

For wood not destroyed under the influence of the environment and pests, it should be treated with special antiseptic means. That part that will be laid in the ground should be treated with hot bitumen or undergo a firing.

At the next step should be tested. In depth, it should exceed the size of the buried part of the logs of approximately 15 cm, and the width of the trench should be larger than the log diameter by 20 cm. The walls and the bottom of the trenches are thoroughly tamped, it is possible to store a geotextile trench when desired. Having done this stage, you must pour out 10-15 cm gravel from above, then the race is repeated.

Logs should be placed on the rammed gravel in strictly vertical position. Consign the logs can be nails and wire. This fixation is temporary. The inner part of the walls is placed on the rubberoid or the tone. This is necessary for the prevention of the rotation of the tree, which is possible as a result of the exposure of the moisture of the soil.

The retaining wall of vertical logs is harmonized with construction trim

Trench should be pouring concrete. When creating a low retaining wall of the terrace (up to 40 cm), the use of concrete is optional. In this case, you can fall asleep log in gravel and good tamper. The remaining free space between the wall and the embankment is filled with gravel. From above, it is necessary to fall asleep fertile soil and make plant disembarking.

The reduced construction technology can be changed. The logs can be arranged horizontally. Such a location implies a pairwise installation of wooden supports along the future retaining wall of the terrace. The step between the supports will be 1.5-3 meters. The gap between the paired supports is a magnitude of a slightly large diameter of the log. In the grooves between the supports laid the logs. Thus, it turns out something like a fence.

With a horizontal arrangement of logs, you can do without gravel and concrete, and, it means that this installation will cost cheaper. It should be noted that the carrying ability of this second option will be lower in comparison with the first. Obviously, with horizontal laying of wood, the retaining wall should not be high.

Production of a gabion retaining wall

In detail we analyze the device of the retaining wall from Gabion. Gabion is a bulk product from a durable twisted mesh from a wire filled with a stone. Gabion structures can be various shapes. In the manufacture, a mesh is used from a double twisted wire with a diameter of up to 3 mm. The grid is covered with zinc or zinc and aluminum alloy. Gabion building materials formed by hexagon cells different size. Sometimes an additional polymer coating is used to cover the wire. Gabion retaining wall is common in landscape design due to its reliability.

Industrial Gabions and DIY Made

Gabion structures are the following varieties:

1. Boxes, which are a rectangular design, similar to the box.
2. Mattress - such structures have a large base and a height of up to 50 cm. Increase the strength of such structures help placed transversely diaphragms help.
3. Cylindrical gabions. This type of gabion is invaluable in the device of retaining walls near the reservoirs, acting as foundations under water.

We offer to build gabions from a welded galvanized grid, and better with PVC coating. The welded structure is inferior by the strength of gabion variants from the twisted wire, but with sufficient diameter of the wire and small sizes, you can make reliable gabions with your own hands. So, with the initial height of the mesh roll 2 m, you can make a box of 100 * 50 * 50cm.

The grid is well cut with scissors for metal or grinder. To obtain smooth bends angles, it is convenient to use a wooden timber as a snap. Corporating the angles can be wooden or rubber. The bends are better to perform away from the welding places. For knitting design it is convenient to use grid trimming. The work is carried out by passatages.

Gabions laid on each other

Features of the retaining stone walls in the grid

1. no need to build an additional foundation or base;
2. fast rise rate, the possibility of installation in independence from the season;
3. blocks are porous, which means that they take a drainage function, easily pass through the design of water;
4. constructions, which are based on gabions, are durable and resistant to significant shrinkages or soil sediment; Gabion flexibility makes it possible to prevent destruction;
5. the emptiness in the gabion retaining wall is filled over time the soil in which plants begin to appear; The roots of the plants are an additional fastening component, which is why the gabions become even stronger.

Step-by-step mounting

1. the installation of elements of the retaining wall is carried out on a prepared horizontal surface;
2. gabions are binding to a galvanized wire;
3. the visible side is laid by tumor or smooth stones; The rest is falling asleep by pebbles, rubble, etc. (up to 90% of the volume of the container);
4. containers are located in a sequence similar to the construction of a tower of cubes; The wall rises to the required level;
5. final binding of all elements with wire;
6. the inner wall of the design can be closed by a geotextile filter.

Galvanized grid suitable for gabions

Retaining walls made of tires

Using tires as the basis of the design, you can get quite reliable walls. They are able to keep considerable volumes of soil and prevent it sliding down. This method of securing the slope is quite inexpensive at cost and requires a minor time.

Below are two options for creating a retaining wall of the tires:

1. Tires are planted on the piles vertically scored vertically. On the slope of the tires are placed by a ledge. The lowest tire rests on the inner edge into the pile (the edge, which is closer to the top of the slope), and the top is fixed to the support using the clamps by the opposite edge of the inner opening of the tire. The tires that are between the upper and lower layer of tires do not touch the piles and are fixed between each other. The layers of tires are fixed with each other by cobblestones, falling asleep on the holes. Clamps can be cut from conveyor belt bonded by screws. You can also fasten the adjacent tires from plastic, as well as propylene coils.
2. Tires can be located in several rows. All of them form columns. Such columns are more stable, reference piles are clogged into their center. Tires should be filled with soil and tamper. Neighboring tires are attached to each other with a clamp.

The retaining wall of the tire can be pretty

Armogarant retaining walls with geotextiles

Perform the exterior decoration of the slope and strengthen the structure of the retaining wall can be used with geotextiles. For the construction of armogarnet walls, it is necessary to make a special formwork. Such a formwork allows the tamper of the soil in layers, strengthening it with geotextiles. Similar armorbent retaining walls are equipped with a slight inclination. Protect the outer layer of geotextile can soil placed on top. Soil is possible to replace with bitumen or decorative facing, for example, from metal or wood. Step-by-step technology of the construction of the armogarant retaining wall:

1. First, form a formwork from boards fixed by pegs. The height of the formwork should be higher than the future layer of the soil. The formwork is mounted in a step of 1.5 meters.
2. By installing the formwork, you can put the geotextile can be put on top of the smooth soil. The length of the canvas should exceed the length of the formwork step 3 times.
3. The free outer edge of the geotextile canvase is placed on top of the formwork: from the side of the slope on 1/6 of the length, and below - by ½ length. The ground is laid on top and it is good.
4. The free bottom edge of the canvas should be unscrewed and put on top of the rammed soil. We got a package wrapped in the geotextile of the Earth. From above the package turned out to be a double layer of geotextile, which the next package will be laid with the formwork. The formwork is needed so that the soil tightly filled the angles during the coup.

The strength of such armorbent walls is very high. In addition, such a building will be very inexpensive and durable.

Armogarant retaining walls with geogrine

The retaining walls of soil reinforced by geogrids, with the use of geotextiles have proven itself positively in all respects. The walls are perfectly withstanding uneven precipitation, as well as copier with temperature movement.

The geogrid is a reinforcing material in the form of sheet strips bonded between themselves. The height of the band varies in the range of 50-200 mm. The bonded bands form the cells of the lattice canvas, on the basis of which can be created on cottage plot Return walls of almost any kind and configuration. A bias can be very cool, up to the vertical.

The geogrids are superimposed by one to another, thus forming a multi-layered design. Geochins can be laid with a shift without it. The geogrid cells are filled with sandpieces with additives. A geotextile can be put on top of each layer. Stones in the filler are needed to obtain a drain effect.

Free extreme cells should be filled with vegetable soil, into which the grass is then covered. Well, vegetation strengthens the wall and serves as an ornament.

This type of retaining walls of the soil, reinforced with geogrid, has several advantages:

• durability;
• minimum amount of materials used;
• low total construction cost.

Geogrote allows you to create inexpensive and reliable retaining walls

Installation of geogridge occurs according to the following scheme:

1. the surface of the slope is aligned and compacted;
2. stacked geotextile;
3. sections of the geogridge are laid out and joined the stapler;
4. geogrot is attached to the soil using plastic or metal brackets, which guarantees stability from the displacement;
5. a filler falls asleep in the cell;
6. in the soil sowed grass.

Strengthening ditch in the country area

Often, in the country, there is a need to strengthen the ditch, which can be compared with two small slopes and apply all the above-described technologies to create an artificial terrace. Ditch sidewines can have a different slope, and, it means, it can be strengthened in a different wayOr a small side with a small bias can remain without strengthening. In most cases, when a ditch has a small depth, the techniques will be somewhat different.

The most reliable and durable way is to cast a tray for ditches from concrete on the following technology:

1. Pre-prepares Pillow of sand and rubble (10 cm). The base for the tray is tram.
2. Next is the formwork from the boards, which are attached to the crawls clogged into the land. The inner part of the formwork is fastened from the boards in the form of a tray and is installed on support (brick, stone, etc.) above the outer walls by 10 cm.
3. Concrete poured. At the same time, every 2 m in concrete, it is necessary to lay the antiseptic gaskets from the tree treated with antiseptic to prevent destruction when freezing and thawing the soil. Separate gaskets can also be made from several layers of rolled waterproofing.

The walls of the ditch are cast from concrete

It turns out somewhat faster and more beautiful if you only pour out the bottom of the ditches from the concrete, and lay out the sidewalls with a ready-made concrete border. A simpler method - use to strengthen the channels of the sheet material ditch: slate, metalyding, plastic panels, ready-made plastic borders for a garden or border from concrete. The material cuts on the plates of the same size and bursts or clogged into the ground to a depth, providing sufficient mounting of the bottom of the workpiece.

Next, the wall plane is strengthened by supports to the ground. A galvanized pipe, a scenar sawn timber and even plastic sewer tube (orange, for external use) can act as a support. The distance between the supports is chosen so that the side of the sidewall is not bent under the influence of the soil.

The more reliable the material - the longer the channel will last. A wonderful solution is to install spacer items between the walls of the ditches. They can be made of wood. In any case, they will serve longer than the stakes driven into the ground. Fastening the reaches should be 1/3 height from the top edge of the wall.

How to care for retaining walls?

Obviously, any design over time comes into disrepair. We can do anything - you have to do the repair of an artificial terrace. Everything is very simple: you just need to replace the elements failed. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account an important circumstance - the strengthened soil can collapse. So the general rule is repaired: before dismantling the constructed constructions, you need to ensure temporary deduction of the soil from the displacement.

Returning wall and flowers successfully complement each other

Selection of plants for retaining wall

What colors and plants can be decorated with a retaining wall made with your own hands? Properly chosen colors will create a finished and attractive type of wall. White and gentle-pink colors are especially successful, they can be "diluted" by flowers of a purple or blue shade. Pleasant tenderness will give the design idea silver wormwood.

It is very convenient to draw up a plot when it is perfectly smooth. But what to do when you have to deal with the slope and irregularities of the relief? Do not be upset, because this feature can be turned into a landmark, originally issued the vertical slope of the slope with suitable materials. The retaining wall will be the highlight of your garden. Here you will have many opportunities to apply your fantasy and create something beautiful. This wall has not only decorative meaning. She also keeps the soil, preventing his collapse. From this article you will learn how the retaining wall is made with your own hands.

The supporting wall in the country can be built of wood, concrete, stone, brick or blocks. Selection of materials to erect this structure depends on several factors:

• style of your garden;
• land relief;
• the height of the future wall;
• presence of girlfriend;
• your preferences and the cost of materials on the construction structure.

If your site is too large, the height difference (more than 1.5 m), it is better to form several stages of ledges on it. Then the retaining walls are not too high, which will look much more prettier, and the likelihood of soil collapse will be significantly lower. But if the retaining wall is planned above 1.5 m, a specialist should be invited. After all, it must be designed for heavy loads and to withstand the soil pressure.

Lohanned and rounded wall configurations withstand a larger load than straightforward, but their construction will take you more time.

Natural stone looks very aesthetic. Often used such rocks:

• basalt;
• granite;
• dolomite;
• sandstone;
• cobblestone;
• quartzit and others.

The design of the retaining wall consists of a foundation, vertical wall and drainage. The foundation should be 3 times wider than the wall, and its thickness is one third of the structure of the structure. To begin with, the trench should be pulled out, adding to its depth another 20-30 cm for gravel and sand pillows.

After you have tamped gravel (or crushed stone) and sand, you can pour the trench concrete. But at the same time, make sure that the foundation height is 10-15 cm below the ground level.

At this stage, you need to take care of the drainage system. It is possible at the base of the wall to install perforated drainage pipes and bring them out through the wall. And you can simplify the task - in the process of masonry just leave between the stones several small vertical slots, through which water will be drained.

When the foundation is already frozen, you should start laying out stones. For their bonding, we use cement mortar. The biggest stones, of course, should be located at the base.

It is desirable that the wall has a small slope of 5-10º, then it will be stronger. Also, with dry masonry, it is important to deepen several stones in the soil. It will connect and strengthen the design. Also, make sure that the cross and long vertical gaps are absent, otherwise the construction will not be so durable.

The slots can be filled with soil with seeds of unpretentious plants. If you want the wall to acquire a view of a century ago, you can cover it with kefir - then it touches moss faster. Stone design can also serve as a base for the bench.

To begin with, it is necessary to calculate the size of the future structures. Depending on the type of soil and dimensions of the structure, the wall thickness should be approximately 25-50 cm. On 1/3 of its height, for reliable stability, the wall must be in-depth to the ground. Therefore, the trench should be pulled out, the depth of which depends on the planned wall height. On the bottom fall asleep sand, then gravel or crushed stone and thoroughly tamper.

We build a formwork and strengthen it with backups. It is desirable that at the base of the wall was slightly wider than in the top. This will give it stability.

Customize the boards tightly to each other and set the risers. If the wall is very high (more than 1 m), and the soil is too loose, it should be mounted in the design of the reinforcement associated with the places of crossing the metal wire. Then pour concrete into formwork.

From the side of the slope, waterproofing of the structure should be carried out using rolled or coating waterproofing agents. Otherwise, the moisture accumulating behind the wall may gradually destroy its base. Also, to solve this problem, drainage pipes are installed behind the wall. When the construction of concrete has a few days and gain strength, the space between the wall and the slope fill in rubble, gravel or pebbles, the layer behind the trambye layer. The top layer should consist of fertile soil.

The main disadvantage of the concrete wall lies in its appearance. She does not look very presentable. It is possible to fix it with facing materials. This is often used natural or artificial stone, as well as ceramic tiles intended for external work.

The adhesive composition for fastening the facing should be high quality, namely moisture-resistant and resistant to temperature drops.

If for some reason you do not plan to use cladding materials, then the requirements for the smooth of the concrete wall will increase. All fill flaws should be very carefully corrected using a plaster solution. In order for the wall to be smooth, you can attach a rubryeroid or other similar material before pouring concrete to the inside of the formwork. After completing all the works, the concrete wall can be decorated with ampel plants.

To facilitate the task, sometimes the monolithic wall of concrete decide to replace the construction of concrete blocks.

For the construction of a brick retaining wall, a full-length durable brick is used. If the wall is higher than 0.25 m, the foundation is molded - the task is mandatory. Its parameters are calculated similar to a stone masonry. For a brick wall with a height of less than 0.6 m (its thickness can be 12 cm, that is, the half-clip), and for the wall height of 1 m - the recommended thickness is 25 cm. A high-quality cement solution is used to fasten the brick.

As in all versions of the supporting walls, you should not forget about the drainage system.

Gabions are containers made of galvanized metal mesh that fill the stones. They are used not only as a strengthening design. It also serves as a wonderful element of landscape design. The advantage of this type of retaining wall lies in the fact that the drainage system is absolutely not necessary.

To build a wall of the Gabion you will need:

• metal galvanized grid;
• wire brackets;
• metal spiral for connecting the walls;
• braces (wire cables);
• steel pins with pointed ends;
• filler (natural stone, large gravel or other materials);
• geekan (optional).

Gabion panels are combined with a metal spiral or wire brackets.

With the front side of the Gabion filled with the most beautiful and large stones. Inside fall asleep in small gravel, rubble or other cheap material. So that he does not get into the gap between large stones, you can be fastened in the middle of Geeckin. When the Gabion is already half filled so that it does not succeed, it follows every 4-5 cells of the metal grid to fasten the walls with braces. Next, fill the gabions with a stone to the top, we close the lid and tighten the spiral.

Containers among themselves are also connected to the wire, which should be galvanized and high-quality, otherwise the design can collapse. To the ground, the Gabions are firmly attached using steel pins with acute ends.

A tree is a simple material in processing, but, as you know, short-lived. Nevertheless, the supporting wall made of logs looks very attractive and gives many opportunities to improvise when it is fulfilled.

First of all, the trench should be pulled out, the depth of which depends on the height of the wall. It is desirable that it makes up half the outer height of the support wall. On the bottom we fall asleep 10-15 cm of sand and the same layer of rubble or gravel.

The logs should be treated with coating waterproofing means. The part that will be immersed in the ground can be covered with bitumen or burn. And the outdoor part must be soaked in more expensive means, not only protecting moisture and fungi, but also a more attractive appearance.

Then the logs are located inside the trenches and plucked them with gravel, fasten with nails or wire. After that, the trench can be pouring concrete by 10 cm below the ground level.

On the side of the slope, the wall must be additionally hydroinated by a rubberoid or a dense film. Install drainage pipes. And the space between the wall and the slope must be filled with rubble or other small stones for drainage. And remember that the tree most needs to be protected from moisture.

There are many variations of the support walls of the tree. Logs can be placed horizontally. Also, it can be performed from BRUSEV.

If the soil is too loose, there are steep slopes on the site and there is a danger of soil collapse, you should not ignore this problem. It is necessary to strengthen the slope by plants with a powerful root system. So, you will get live reinforcement. If the situation is more comprehensive, geosynthetics should be applied, such as geogrid, geogress, geotextile or biomat. After basic work and fixation of the strengthening material on the slope, it is necessary to fall asleep its fertile soil on top and plant suitable plants.

If you have already built a retaining wall on your landscaped area, then share personal experience In this matter, and especially what material you decide to choose. You can do it by leaving a comment at the end of this article.

Video

From these video materials, you will learn the details of the manufacture of the retaining wall:

Photo

In the photo, you can find a lot of useful ideas for the manufacture of the retaining wall:

Schemes

Below are several schemes of retaining walls:

In the process of construction of various types of buildings in the territory with a complex relief (ravines, beams, etc.), the need for a retaining structure often appears. This strengthening structure carries one main task - to prevent the collapse of the grounded masses.

Patient walls conditionally divided into two types:

• Protective, perform the basic function - soil masses delay from climbing. These designs are constructed if the hill bias is not more than 9 °. With their help, the construction of horizontal sites occurs, this is the most increasing the useful area.
• Decorative - quite effectively mask small ground differences on the adjacent area. When the levels are slightly different and, naturally, the height of the wall is small (up to one and a half meters), then its installation occurs with a small recess to 45 cm.

Design of retaining walls

Regardless of destination, the retaining wall is usually it has four elements:

• body;
• foundation;
• drainage system;
• drainage system.

The drainage, the underground and drainage of the walls are required to implement technical standards, and directly the body is necessary for aesthetic purposes. In height, these structures may be small (up to one meter), medium (no more than two meters) and high (more than two meters).

Rear wall design It happens with such a bias:

• lying;
• hawk;
• cool (with a reverse or direct skate).

Profiles of retaining walls can be different, but, as a rule, it is trapezoidal and rectangular. In turn, the first may have a different tilt face.

Existing Forces on Stubborn Walls

During the choice of material, and, of course, the foundation for retaining walls is guided by the calculation of the loads acting on the entire design.

Vertical loads:

• the force of frustration, which acts both directly the wall and part of the foundation;
• upper load, namely, the weight that presses on the upper part of the structure;
• own weight of the retaining wall.

Horizontal forces:

• the friction force in the clutch sections with the foundation;
• soil pressure directly behind the retaining wall.

In addition to the basic forces, periodic loads are also affected, these include:

• seismic loads;
• wind power, especially this is relevant at the height of the structure of more than 2 meters;
• water flows, especially in lowlands;
• vibration forces affect the plots where the railway canvas or roadway is passed;
• pumping soil in winter, etc.

Stability of retaining facilities

As a rule, the construction of low retaining walls is performed for decorative purposes, they do not need a thorough calculation of stability. The increase in this characteristic is indicative for calculating the retaining walls of higher structures.

Prevent overturns Or a wall shift can be using such events:

• the side that turns to the soil makes a rough. In block, brick, stone layers, protrusions are built, and in monolithic supporting walls - they make chips;
• much reduces the tillage pressure on the back face of a small slope, made towards the hill;
• the presence of a wall in the front of the console creates additional stability, since it distributes part of the land load;
• properly equipped drainage system does not allow the design to be removed;
• for capital retaining walls from heavy building materials, foundation is required. For clay soil, it is advisable to apply a ribbon base, weak soil - pile foundation;
• side pressure is reduced by swelling of hollow materials (for example, clay) between the existing soil and the rear wall.

Construction of the retaining wall

Which is relative to the material, its choice is made on several criteria, it is waterproof, the height of the structure, durability, resistance to aggressive environments, the ability to mechanize the installation process and accessibility building materials.

During the calculation of brick retaining walls, armed foundation armed is envisaged. Decorative indicators can be strengthened by using bricks, which is distinguished by colors or sizes from the elements of the main masonry. A small wall (up to one meter) is made independently. In cases where an increased load is assumed, it is desirable to use the services of specialists.

Applied usual burned red brick Either clinker with an increased coefficient of moisture resistance and strength. Most often, a ribbon foundation is required for the construction of retaining walls.

The width of the pit under the foundation is equal to the triple width of the wall, so when a construction is planned to one brick (25 centimeters), then this parameter is 75 centimeters. The depth is needed at least one meter. A 25-35 cm layer of rubble or gravel is added to the bottom, after a layer (12-18 cm) of the sand, all the fringe of the material is thoroughly tamped.

The formwork is built, its upper part is obliged to be less than the level of land by 18-25 cm. For amplification, reinforcement rods are used, they are placed on a brown stone or broken brick. Then, concrete brand 200 or 150 is poured.

It should be noted that laying in one brick can be done for the construction of the wall to 70 cmFor higher walls it is best to build 1.5-2 bricks, with an increase in the bottom of the wall. So, it turns out a design that resembles a console.

Stone retaining wall

Natural and artificial stone are characterized by excellent aesthetic properties. At the same time, the appearance of the finished facility makes it possible to harmoniously fit into any landscape.

In this case, you can apply both wet and dry material masonry. The last way is more complicated and will require a certain skill, since a stop of the stone is needed.

The base under the stone wall is made as for the brick. Constructing a ribbon foundation with further masonry of the stone. If the construction is produced without applying concrete, then the seams are filled garden soil or planting material. Stone walls recommended for construction structures no more than 1.6 meters.

Concrete retaining walls

This monolithic structure is performed using boronobiling piles of wooden formwork. Installation of factory production plates is made using lifting special equipment. It happens a counter-refusal or console. For the installation of finished products, the foundation is not required for dense soil. You can simply make a trench The size of a little more width of the soles of the console or plate.

At the bottom, sand and gravel layers are 18-25 cm. The trimmer is made using abundant watering with water. Concrete slabs are not clearly vertically. They are connected to each other with welding from reinforcing elements. After the drainage longitudinal system is set and the soil is frozen. Concrete supporting wall is best suited for weak soils.

Retain wall of concrete with your own hands

Good stability of the wall gives a console made with a slope (12 ° -17 °) to the side of the mound. If you take a 2.5 meter wall with a height of 2.5 meters, then the size of the underground part will be 0.9-1 m, and body width is 0.5 m.

For formwork, a trench is 1.3 meters wide and 1.4 meters depth. The required slope is performed using manual ground excavation, this parameter is checked and during the installation of formwork, and during the fill with its concrete.

The base will certainly be rejected both in vertical and longitudinal position. The height of the rods, which stick out of concrete, is obliged to be at least 1.5 m. The sole should be given to gain strength, for concrete this time is approximately a month.

If desired, the surface of concrete can be decorated with artificial or natural stone.

Much easier work and reduce the cost of construction of foam concrete blocks. However, the strength indicators of this wall will be much lower. In this case, the laying of this material is not different with its attractiveness.

Top Wall of Wood

In terms of landscape design, the tree is most optimally suitable for this purpose, but the operation of this material is not very long. In order to increase the resistance to the action of aggressive medium, it will be necessary to make great efforts to the permanent treatment with special impregnating substances.

In the design wall structures, both vertically and horizontally can be installed. There are no particular differences in the strength indicators in this case. This material is used to build walls with a height of no more than 1.6 m. To prevent the logging of the log cabin, it is necessary to process it with bitumen or burn.

Vertical installation of logs

The log size can be different, it depends on the height difference. For better resistance to them blind 1/3 General size beam.

Laying of calibrated wood is performed in a pre-dug trench. The bottom is embanked and the layer of rubble is 18 cm. The logs are installed with a solid wall, close to each other, well observing the vertical. Fasteners are made with nails or wire.

The maximum resistance of the wooden wall is achieved by filling the trench cement mixture. The reverse side of a peculiar tint is processed by a sealing material (Toler, rubberoid, etc.), then fastening the ground.

Horizontal installation of logs

Support logs burst every two or three metersThe more often they are, the stronger will be the wall. Installed wood is certainly treated with antiseptic substances.

Horizontal fasteners can be made in such ways:

1. From two opposite sides, the longitudinal grooves are pre-made on the poles, where horizontal parts will be inserted. Moreover, the diameter of the logs must be more beams, which are used for cross position;
2. The following option implies the fastening of logs on the reverse side of the poles. In this embodiment, the first beam is placed on the ground, therefore it is necessary to put the waterproofing material in advance. Compound logs to supports occurs with nails or wire.

Before making a retaining wall, you need to carefully calculate all the nuances. Otherwise, the negligence and incorrect calculation can lead to the collapse of the wall.

Such walls height no more than 1.6 metersmay be constructed with your own hands. For the width of the soles, the coefficient is 0.6-0.8 multiplied to the height of the wall. To find out the ratio of the size of the wall to its height, you can consider the type of soil:

• soft soil - 1: 2;
• middle ground - 1: 3;
• tight ground - 1: 4.

If the height is large and the construction is planned on weak soil, it is advisable to contact the services of professionals. Calculations will occur in accordance with the rules of SNiP.

In this case, many factors are taken into account and on this basis will be these calculations are performed:

• structural strength, crack resistance;
• the strength of the soil, its probable deformation;
• resistance to the position directly wall.

Also perform calculations to seismic, active and passive soil pressure, groundwater pressure, clutch accounting, etc. The calculation is made taking into account maximum loads and covers the repair, construction and operational periods of the wall.

Naturally, you can use an online calculator, which is specifically designed for these purposes. But it must be borne in mind that these calculations have only a recommendation.

The device of drainage and drainage needs special attention. The system ensures the collection and output of storm, melting and groundwater, this is the most preventing erosion and flooding of the structure. It is a transverse, longitudinal or combined.

The transverse version implies the presence of holes diameter 10 cm For one meter wall.

The longitudinal drainage implies the placement of the pipe located on the foundation along the entire length of the wall.

Returning walls have a very important task. Their structure is best to entrust professionals or, at a minimum, consult with them on this issue. Even a small error in the calculation of the retaining wall may have quite deplorable consequences.