- This is a monthly allowance, which is accrued to all citizens of the Russian Federation who have reached retirement age. These citizens have seniority, which they accumulated during their lives, and depending on it, the pension is distributed. Also, a pension is accrued in some other cases, which include the loss of a breadwinner or disability.

Pensioners receive a pension certificate

This state benefit is designed specifically for those who have already reached old age. Also, if a citizen has reached, but at the same time continues to work, the payment of a pension does not stop. The calculation of the pension began in 1932 and since that time it has not undergone major changes.

In Russia, a retirement age is set, upon reaching which payments are accrued. For women, this age is 55 years, for men - 60 years. Until now, the deputies sitting in the Duma are actively arguing on this issue. In the CIS countries, the retirement age is higher, maybe after a while it will be raised in Russia as well.

In order to be able to calculate benefits, you need to have. For women, it is 20 years, and for men, the length of service is at least 25 years. Citizens' social security funds deal with monthly pension payments. All other issues regarding the payment of pensions and their amounts are carried out by the state bodies of the Russian Federation in accordance with Federal Laws. There are three types of pension:

• old age
• Due to the loss of a breadwinner

old age allowance

Retirement age is different for men and women

In order to receive this type of benefit, you must reach a certain retirement age. How is the old age pension calculated? The total amount consists of three parts:

1. Basic part

A significant increase in the base part occurs only when a citizen reaches the age of 80, while he cannot be disabled and not support dependents. For the period of expected survival, the pension capital is divided. This is also the established figure, which has been 19 years since 2013.

Pension calculation

The calculation is carried out thanks to the established Law, which is adopted by the State Duma on the calculation of pensions. The calculation takes into account various contributions of a citizen, such as contributions to the Pension Fund, pension capital and many other indicators. The insurance part of the payment is calculated as follows: the average salary, length of service since 2002 and a special coefficient are taken.

It is calculated by dividing the wages earned for the entire period. At the same time, the funded part of the benefit is calculated using the same method as the insurance part, but the base part is a constant, while depending on the inflation process, it is indexed every year.

Components of the pension capital

The accrual of an old-age pension depends on various factors.

The pension capital consists of the amounts that the employer accrues to the employee in the course of work. It is taken from the moment of the pension reform - since 2002. Since 2010, the capital has undergone a change and increased by 10%.

For those who carried out their labor activity even before 1991, capital continues to increase by 1%. There are also special correction factors in order to calculate the amount of savings.

How is the old age pension calculated: exact calculation

To calculate the old-age pension, the following formula must be used:

• SC is the coefficient of insurance against seniority. It is minimal for both men and women and is 55% of the salary. For each subsequent year, exactly 1% is added to it. It should be noted that this ratio cannot be more than 75%.
• SZP are indicators of average earnings. It was installed back in 2001.
• ZR are indicators of the average wage for 5 years of any labor period, or for the period from 2000 to 2001.
• ZP is the average salary throughout the territory of the Russian Federation for the same period.

Using this formula, you can accurately calculate your pension amount.

Required documents for enrollment of benefits

Old age pension - help to people from the state

The Ministry of Labor and Social Development establishes a list of required documents for receiving a pension. We have already discussed above how the old age pension is calculated and accrued, now let's talk about the necessary documents for its execution.

First you need to write an application and submit it to the Pension Fund. After that, you should collect the following documents:

• , indicating the place of residence, age, citizenship;
• a card in which there is a mark on the personified registration of a citizen;
• a certificate for any 5 years before 2002 on average income, or a certificate on average income for the period from 2000 to 2001;
• for women it is necessary to provide children;
• for men, a military ID is required;
• as proof of employment. Instead, other documents may be submitted, such as a contract of employment, etc.

If the work book is lost, then the work experience is proved by at least two witnesses who also worked at the same place of work in the same period as the applicant.

How pensions are calculated for those who continue to work after reaching retirement age

The base part is accrued in this case absolutely according to the same principle as for those who no longer work. In the FIU, the employer accrues contributions in any case. They can be from rewards or from wages. Working pensioners are also subject to compulsory pension insurance. By the 15th day of each month, mandatory insurance premiums must be paid.

If the amount is paid later than the established date, then penalties are charged for such a violation, in case of full non-payment or partial payment, a fine is set in the amount of 20% of all amounts that the employer has not paid. If the pensioner requests, the employer must provide the Pension Fund with all information about the contributions transferred. In accordance with this information, the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation recalculates all contributions. for those retirees who are still working.

How is disability pension calculated?

To apply for a retirement pension, you need to submit a package of documents

If a citizen for some reason cannot carry out labor activity, whether it be partial or permanent, the state accrues a disability pension to him. So, according to what principles are similar ones calculated?

From factors such as the nature of work and the reasons why a person cannot continue working and the amount of benefits is calculated. It is also necessary to consider the circumstances that influenced the fact that the citizen became incapacitated.

Often the reason for such benefits is an injury received in the course of work, in connection with which a person cannot continue his activity. Regardless of the length of service, the pension in this case is established in any case.

If a person becomes disabled as a result of a serious illness, then it is necessary to provide all the documents that would confirm this.

Also, those who have dependents to support, i.e. incompetent citizens, also have similar payments. The amount of the accrual depends on the number of dependents. there can be no more than three. The northern coefficient is also calculated for those who have a work experience in the conditions of the Far North in the amount of 15 years, and those who have worked in nearby territories for at least 20 years.

A guide for those who have worked in law enforcement

The calculation of the pension for those who worked in the police is carried out in accordance with 54% of the salary. Length of service and rank play an important role. Money allowance also plays a role. Regardless of the date of dismissal, according to the Law of the Russian Federation, all accruals are recalculated. From monetary allowance and regardless of how long the length of service was, pension accruals cannot exceed 85%.

So, in order to calculate pension payments for police officers, you need to use the formula: rank + salary +% of the length of service. The monetary allowance is 0.54, and the coefficient obtained thanks to the formula is multiplied by this amount. Depending on the length of service, a monetary allowance is established:

• 2-5 years at a rate of 10%;
• 5-10 years at a rate of 15%;
• 10-15 years at a rate of 20%;
• 20-25 years at a rate of 30%;
• more than 25 years of service at a rate of 40%. It is also considered the maximum allowance.

How is a pension calculated for an individual entrepreneur?

The funded part of the pension is due to those who have SNILS issued

They pay their own pension contributions, as they are considered both employers and self-employed. They also receive a pension, only in addition to the basic part of the IP they have additional benefits.

As a rule, the IP pension is equal to the total number of those payments and contributions that are available on personal accounts. Nevertheless, individual entrepreneurs are also entitled to a pension from the state upon expiration until retirement age.

All paid contributions to the Pension Fund of Russia for all periods are taken into account. Depending on the taxation, the list of required documents also differs. Taxation changes frequently. therefore, when applying for pension benefits, additional clarification of such information is required.

New provisions for calculating pensions

The pension reform ended on January 1, 2015. Thanks to it, new provisions on the calculation of pensions now come into force. Now, it’s not so easy to calculate the amount of a pension on your own. Retirement points will be taken into account, as well as the “white” salary from which payments to the Pension Fund were deducted.

Life changes, and with it everything changes. Nobody knows what awaits us in the future, but in any case, we, as citizens of the Russian Federation, must be confident in. Pensioners have no reason to worry.

What documents are required to receive an old-age pension? Learn from the video:

In Russia, a wave of refusals to grant pensions to citizens who have reached retirement age is growing - 55 years for women and 60 years for men. The site "My Years" () understood the reasons.

Retirement age in Russia

In order not to pay pensions, it is not necessary to raise the retirement age in Russia. Photo pixabay.com

The topic of raising the retirement age in Russia is gradually becoming one of the most discussed in the media. The next peak of attention came in January 2017, when high-ranking officials - former and current - spoke at the Gaidar Forum about the inevitability of raising the retirement age for Russians.

Ex-Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin said that the retirement age for women should be raised by eight years (from 55 to 63 years), and for men by five years (from 60 to 65 years). “It is necessary to start from 2019 or 2020,” Kudrin said, assuring that the Russians will only benefit from this.

The list of winners, as always, will be short. At least, as Oksana Sinyavskaya, deputy director of the Institute for Social Policy of the Higher School of Economics, notes, in the event of an increase in the retirement age, one in three men will not live to see retirement.

However, the reality of the current pension reform is that it is not necessary to raise the retirement age in order not to pay pensions. The latest news about the retirement age in Russia since 2017 suggests that reaching 55 for women and 60 for men does not guarantee pension entitlement.

Since 2015, the old-age insurance pension is granted subject to three conditions:

age 60 for men and 55 for women;

availability of the necessary insurance (labor) experience;

a sufficient value of the individual pension coefficient (point).

The first condition was left unchanged, but the second was changed and the third was introduced, which turns the first two into an empty space.

Old age pension. refuse

If earlier, in order to retire, it was enough to have five years of work experience, then since 2015, the duration of the official work experience has increased by one year annually. And so it will be until 2024 inclusive. In 2016, the mandatory length of service was 7 years, in 2017 it will take 8 years. From 2025, to receive a pension, you will need to have at least 15 years of insurance experience.

But as practice has shown, this is not the main thing. The main thing is the value of the individual pension coefficient. For example, in Yoshkar-Ola (Republic of Mari El) in 2016, 62% of refusals to assign an insurance pension were caused precisely by a lack of pension points, and this is in the presence of retirement age and the required length of service, reports the republican branch of the Pension Fund.

Every year the number of refusals to assign an old-age pension will grow. Photo prspb.ru

From January 1, 2015, an old-age pension is granted with an individual pension coefficient (pension point) of at least 6.6, with a subsequent annual increase of 2.4 until it reaches 30 in 2025.

In 2016, in order to retire, in addition to the retirement age and the required length of service, it was necessary to have 9 pension points, in 2017 there should already be 11.4, in 2018 - 13.8, and so on.

The lack of pension points is a consequence of shadow employment. Insurance premiums for mandatory pension insurance are calculated from the official salary: the higher the “white” salary, the higher the pension score.

In the same Mari El, 14 thousand people receive an official salary below the minimum wage, that is, less than 7.5 thousand rubles. It is unlikely that they are paid at such a molecular level, most likely, part of the money is given in an envelope.

We can only say with certainty that if the “white” salary of these 14 thousand people does not increase, then they can officially work at least up to 80 years, but they will never earn an insurance pension. However, they will receive a social pension (after all, our state is a social one) when they reach the age of 65 for men and 60 for women. Such a pension would be even less than their tiny salary.

In the Saratov region in 2016, 396 residents were denied an old-age insurance pension, and 470 people in the Irkutsk region were left with nothing. With the retirement age for these people, as in Mari El and in other regions of Russia, everything is in order, but there are problems with the official experience, and even more so with pension points.

These problems will only grow every year following the size of the pension coefficient.

Read also:

• current pension news
• messages from the Pension Fund of Russia
• information for

Until 2019, they were assigned to persons who have reached the age of 65 years for men and 60 years for women, i.e. 5 years later than the generally established retirement age at that time (60/55 years).

Under the new law, this right will only arise upon reaching 70 and 65 years(i.e. also with an increase of 5 years from the new age of 65/60 years).

At the same time, the law also provides for transitional provisions for social pensions, which establish a phased increase in the retirement age, starting from January 1, 2019. And in 2019 and 2020. preferential conditions for retirement will apply, according to those proposed by the President). All new statutory retirement ages for receiving social pensions for men and women (70 and 65 years, respectively) will be finally set from 2023.

Who will not be affected by the increase in the retirement age in Russia?

First of all, the changes provided for by law from 2019 will not affect those who are already retired - all pensioners will continue to receive all the payments already assigned to them in accordance with the rights and benefits acquired earlier.

In addition, the adopted law dated October 3, 2018 No. 350-FZ does not provide for an increase in the retirement age for certain categories of citizens:

1. Employed in jobs with difficult and harmful working conditions, namely:
   • employees in favor of whom the employer pays insurance premiums at the relevant rates, which were determined as a result of a special assessment of working conditions;
   • pilots of civil aviation, engineering staff for aircraft maintenance;
   • flight test personnel involved in testing aviation and other equipment;
   • workers of locomotive crews, employees who organize transportation and ensure traffic safety on railway transport, in the subway;
   • machinists of construction, road, loading and unloading equipment;
   • tractor drivers working in agriculture and other areas;
   • workers in logging, timber rafting, as well as those involved in the maintenance of mechanisms and equipment;
   • truck drivers in mines, crankcases, mines, etc.;
   • in underground or open-pit mining, in mine rescue units, in the extraction of shale, coal, ore and other minerals;
   • in the construction of mines and mines;
   • in geological prospecting, search, topographic teams and expeditions, in prospecting and other works;
   • in the crew of the sea, river fleet, in the fishing industry;
   • drivers of passenger transport on regular city routes (buses, trolleybuses, trams);
   • lifeguards in emergency services;
   • working with convicts in organizations executing criminal sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty;
   • women working in the textile industry with heavy loads in conditions of increased intensity and others.
2. Citizens who are entitled to a pension for health reasons or social reasons:
   • one of the parents or guardians of people with disabilities from childhood, who raised them until the age of 8;
   • visually impaired people of the 1st group;
   • disabled due to military trauma;
   • women who have given birth to 5 or more children and raised them up to the age of 8;
   • women who have given birth to 2 or more children and have established work experience in the regions of the Far North and areas equated to them and others.
3. Persons who have suffered as a result of man-made or radiation disasters (at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the Mayak chemical plant, the Semipalatinsk test site, etc.).

A complete detailed list of persons who will not be affected by the increase in the retirement age planned by the Government from 2019 is provided in (PDF file format) prepared by specialists from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

Many working citizens, whose age is approaching retirement, are thinking about continuing to work or retiring. To date, the state is trying to stimulate the population to a later retirement, in return for which it gives profitable offer citizens, increasing the final amount of payments to both and to her. Thus, the later a person retires, the more it will be in the end. Therefore, current pensioners have an acute question: Should I continue to work in retirement?

An increase in pension payments also occurs at the expense of a pensioner if, upon retirement, he continues to work. But when performing labor activity, a citizen receives a pension, since this provision in the legislation has been canceled since 2016.

Keep working or retire?

The majority of the Russian population is asking the question: continue to work or go on a well-deserved rest? At first glance, postponing retirement is beneficial for a citizen, but upon closer examination, the benefit becomes less obvious.

• Delayed retirement allows it to be increased by premium coefficients.
• According to statistics, men on average live to be 61 years old, while their pension is set at 60 years old, so if you postpone the appointment, then you simply may not live to see it.

However, in the end, according to statistics third of the total number of pensioners(about 15.2 million people) continue to work, even after becoming eligible for a post-retirement pension.

Perhaps such indicators are associated with a small pension, which cannot satisfy all the necessary and desired needs of a citizen.

Calculation of pension upon reaching retirement age

When calculating the old-age pension, main components and are:

SP st \u003d IPC × 81.49 + 4982.9,

• SP st- insurance old-age pension;
• IPK- the number of points, as of the date of the payment assignment.

Pensions of working pensioners

As mentioned above, a third of pension recipients continue to work at the time of its appointment. At the same time, it is worth considering how beneficial it is.

• When receiving a pension and working at the same time, insurance payments are also sent for a working pensioner by the employer to the Pension Fund and form his pension.
• For working pensioners, some state privileges do not apply, for example, the annual indexation of a fixed payment for them does not apply. However, the state undertakes to restore indexation and establish it again for a citizen, subject to the completion of work activities.

Payment of insurance premiums to the FIU

Insurance payments to the Pension Fund for a working pensioner are accrued according to general rules, since he is an insured person working under a contract, and the amount of insurance premiums is reflected on a personal account.

The pension legislation does not provide for any exceptions in matters of crediting insurance premiums for the wages of working pensioners.

If the employer does not belong to the list of payers for whom the reduced tariff, which is reflected in articles and 58.1 of the law of July 24, 2009 No. 212-FZ "On insurance premiums to the PFR, FSS, MHIF", then when calculating insurance payments in 2014-2018, the tariffs established by Article 33.1 of the Law of December 15, 2001 N 167-FZ are applied.

The general rate of insurance premiums for an employee is 22%, of which 6% is a solidarity part (not taken into account when determining a pension), and 16% is an individual part. Of them:

• when forming only an insurance pension, all 16% go exactly to it;
• when forming a funded pension - 10% for insurance and 6% for funded.

Insurance payments to the Pension Fund directed for a working pensioner give him the right to.

Cancellation of indexation of pensions for working pensioners

Increasing the fixed payment to the insurance pension

Also, in case of refusal of the old-age insurance pension for a certain period, in accordance with Appendix 2 to the law of December 28, 2013 No. 400-FZ "About insurance pensions", for each year of deferment of the application for appointment, there is a fixed payment increase factor .

Citizens who have the right to pay an old-age insurance pension ahead of schedule can apply for an increase in a fixed payment, as well as an insurance one.

In connection with the pension reform in Russia since 2019, a new concept has been enshrined in a number of legislative acts, which is established for 5 years up to the age, the achievement of which gives the right to an old-age pension (including early retirement or seniority). Legislative consolidation of such a term is necessary to determine the category of persons - pre-pensioners, which in connection with the increase in the retirement age will be provided.

New benefits and social guarantees were proposed by the President in relation to citizens who fall under the increase in the retirement age from January 1, 2019, in order to:

Since the retirement age will increase annually starting from 2019, the pre-retirement age limit will also shift annually. This means that every year it will be possible to become a pre-pensioner and take advantage of the prescribed benefits at a later age (see pre-retirement age by year of birth).

Pre-retirement age - how old is it?

According to the old legislation, the pre-retirement age was considered the age two years before retirement, including early retirement. The law fixed only one possible benefit for - early retirement (for example, if he was fired due to a reduction in staff).

Starting from 2019, according to the law signed by the President, the pre-retirement age is a period within 5 years until the day of the onset of the age giving, under the new pension legislation, the right to, including early.

A certificate confirming that a citizen is classified as a pre-pensioner can be obtained at the PFR department or ordered in the Personal Account on the website of the Pension Fund. Detailed information is provided in the article on.

Because the general retirement age will increase every year, then the pre-retirement age standard will also constantly shift. For example:

• For women born in 1964 and men born in 1959 the retirement age was increased by six months - up to 55.5 and 60.5. Accordingly, they need to subtract 5 years from these values ​​(PPV - 50.5 and 55.5 liters.).
• For women born in 1965 and men born in 1960 the pension age has already been increased by a year and a half (56.5 and 61.5), that is, the PPV for them is 51.5 and 56.5.

The transition period, during which there will be a gradual increase in the retirement age, will last until 2023.

Note! The pre-retirement age is set 5 years before the retirement age, which differs for citizens of different years of birth. When determining the pre-retirement age, it is necessary to focus on the date of birth, otherwise confusion may arise. The text below is given depending on the year of birth of the citizen.

Since the increase in the border of the “working capacity period” will be carried out until 2023, starting from 01/01/2023, women and men who have reached the age of 55 and 60 will be pre-pensioners in Russia, and these standards will be finally fixed.

Photo pixabay.com

What age is considered pre-retirement for women and men (by year of birth)

Due to the phased pension reform, women and men of different years of birth will be considered pre-pensioners at different ages, and this is directly related to the ability of a citizen to use all the provisions as a person of pre-retirement age.

You can determine at what age a person will be considered a pre-pensioner, depending on the year of birth, using the table below:

Note: GR - year of birth; PPV - pre-retirement age.

In this way:

• Women born in 1964-1966 and men born in 1959-1961 will be considered pre-pensioners from 01/01/2019, which means they will be able to take advantage of all the benefits provided for them.
• 1967 women and 1962 men will be pre-pensioners from 2021.
• For women born in 1968 and younger, men born in 1963 and younger, the pre-retirement age will come at 55 and 60 years, respectively.

Benefits for people of pre-retirement age

In order to mitigate the negative consequences of conducting, various benefits for seniors as well as additional support and protection measures. They were developed by State Duma deputies from the United Russia faction and Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Further can be supplemented, as the working group continues its activities in the State Duma, which is engaged in the analysis and processing of information and proposals received from citizens, public organizations, ministries and departments.

To support citizens of pre-retirement age, the following decisions have already been made:

Criminal liability for the dismissal of future pensioners

One of the reasons why the pension reform was negatively perceived by the population was the concern of older citizens about the possible dismissal from their jobs. Therefore, the President proposed to introduce criminal liability employer for, as well as for refusal to hire due to old age. Such a law was signed by the President of the Russian Federation on October 3, 2018, and entered into force on October 19.

According to the new article 144.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, employers who unreasonably dismissed and refused to hire pre-pensioners face punishment in the form of:

• a fine of up to 200 thousand rubles. or in the amount of wages (or other income of the employer) for 18 months;
• or compulsory work for up to 360 hours.

It is possible that, in addition to criminal punishment, other incentive measures for employers aimed at keeping employees of pre-retirement age in the workplace. One such measure could be a reduction in the tariff for older workers.

Retraining of people of pre-retirement age

For the retraining and retraining of persons of pre-retirement age, the Ministry of Labor has already developed. According to this program, a pre-pensioner will be able to receive additional professional education in accordance with the skills and competencies that are in demand at the present time.

Training will take place as follows:

• retraining will be carried out on the basis of the bodies of the employment service (SZN) for an average of 3 months with a break from work;
• while studying, scholarships will be paid in the amount of the minimum wage in the region.

According to the program of the Ministry of Labor, vocational training for pre-retirees will allow:

1. Work with new equipment, technologies, software.
2. Get a qualification rank, class, category in accordance with the profession of a citizen without changing his level of education.

According to the Ministry of Labor, about 75,000 pre-pensioners will be retrained in Russia every year, for which 5 billion rubles will be allocated. annually. The average cost of a training course was determined by specialists of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection in the amount of 29.9 thousand rubles, but for pre-pensioners such advanced training courses will be held free of charge (that is, at the expense of funds allocated by the federal budget).