At all times, people sought to cultivate and ennoble land plots, and this led to the appearance of terracing. If you are a happy owner of the country house or have a private house in which you live, and you have your own block of land, then, most likely, you want to reflect it. The terraceing of the site is your own hands - the case is quite time consuming. In addition to great desire, you need to have skillful hands, a tool, mass of patience. Our article is aimed at ensuring that you can familiarize yourself with the principles of terracilization, its foundations. You will also receive proper recommendations and interesting ideas.

Terraction of a plot with a slope

Any owner of the house with a plot in the private sector dreams of a flat relief, but in most cases we are faced with natural natural irregularities and slopes. So that such a relief has become your advantage, you can produce a terraceing of the site, which is to create wide platforms with a coating, on which it will be convenient for the whole family or with friends to spend time while on the hill. Artificially created steps and squares look flawlessly, they can be located simply on the slopes or decorate the approaches to reservoirs, sections with vineyards. Properly made terraces will become a feature, not the disadvantage of your site. At the edges of the playgrounds and steps, it is possible to plant fruit trees or simply decorative plants. If the slope is large, the ideal solution will be the creation of several squares. If it is not so cool and high, it is quite possible to create one terrace. In any case, you will only win, indulging its territory.

Principles of creation of terrace

The seraction of the site is the creation of a land massif, which consists of their canvas, bulk and selective slopes (vertical or inclined), bonds - untouched parts of the slope located between the terraces.

Many create terraces of steps where the bottom bottom slope becomes bulging for the top. The playgrounds of the terraces must be protected by rollers that will be removed from the soil erosion. The terrace of the site allows you to increase the useful space, increase the soil functionality.

To create an expressive design, you need to use a variety of backups and stairs, so I first appreciate the condition of the soil and the type of relief.

Analysis of the surface and quality of the soil is performed using eye-eye surveys, it is necessary to produce a visualization of the terracing. After you presented how your site will look like, make measurements to determine how many terraces can be created. Take into account every trifle, including the size of the POST.

Why do you need an analysis of the relief state?

The terraces are width to six meters, and the height can reach eighty centimeters. After analyzing the relief and soil, you can:

1. Estimate the functionality of the territory.
2. Create a vertical layout for all the rules.
3. Create an ideal composition of sites and stairs.
4. Select suitable plants to decorate your terraces.

After you estimate all the parameters, invented the design, it will be easier to create a work plan.

Center Plan, Vertical Layout and Dimensional Binding

Vertical layout is called artificial change of relief to create terraces. These events include grounding of the soil or its cut. Terracialization cottage plot This method means that the area needs to be divided into hotel fragments that will respond to the rules of placement.

If you plan to create such complex objects such as reservoir, rocketer, alpine roller coaster, flower beds and mixtures, it will be necessary to create a center plan to draw on an exemplary scale.

Stages

"How to make the terraceing of the site on their own?" - Many land owners are interested. To independently create a magic country on its territory, a basic plan should be adhered to. So, what stages will be preceded by the appearance of terraces in your garden?

• Creating a markup of the processed area. It must be protected by pulling the threads on the knocked penes.
• You need to plug the ground at the bottom and cut into the top. This will reduce the slope of the platform.
• Creation of drainage and, if necessary, laying pipes for water supply.
• Concrete preparation of steps and retaining wall.
• Device of waterfalls, slides and mixtures.
• Decorating facing of steps and retaining walls.
• Putting paths and tracks with tiles or stones.
• Preparation of platforms for plant planning.
• Installation and placement of architectural elements.
• Plant landing, filling of water bodies.

First peg

In order for the terraces to have a clear horizontal, it is necessary to create the horizontal conventional lines, which are cultivated using pegs and ropes. First, the peg is driven on the slope, then a breakdown of a section on segments equal to the one-and-and-alone width of the terrace created. Subsequent points to drive pegs are located with a level. So you will form the first horizontal, followed by the rest. After that, you can proceed to the submission to create smooth sites. It is recommended to create them not strictly horizontal, but with a little bias so that the rainwater can be dragged with them without forming puddles. Return walls need to be strengthened.

Picture walls

It is necessary to prepare a wooden container, to put the dermal, to strengthen the spicy from above. After that, large stones are laid out, after them are smaller. Following, you must attach a small durable grid. After that, apply the solution and decorate the wall with bricks, stones or tiles.

If the slope is too cool and high, the calculations of a specialist and concreting are necessary. The same walls must be created as a foundation.

Strengthening walls

To strengthen the lines of walls, counterphorts or pilasters are used, which can all can serve as steps or ramps.

The construction of supporting walls is possible using concrete, stone, bricks, wood or gabion with different filler.

Conclusion

In such a simple way, you can create beautiful scenery on your site, which will decorate, give comfort. In fact, everything can be more difficult than it seems to read the article, but it is exactly worth it!

The terraceing of the slopes is often carried out in areas with a complex relief, which allows them to give them originality and use to grow agricultural plants. The method was quite widespread in many countries due to the possibility of preventing the layer of fertile soil, as well as its protection against erosion.

Design of slopes

The method allows you to improve the soil drops, slopes of ravines, turning them into cozy placeattracting admiring guest glances. In addition, the terracement of slopes in their agricultural use is common. The main objectives of the plot:

• uniform zoning of the site;
• ensuring optimal drainage, protection against soil erosion;
• installation of strong retaining walls;
• providing the possibility of safe movement on the slope;
• arrangement of the recreation area, taking into account the prevailing direction of the winds.

Before working, the size of the site, its slope should be studied. After that, it is necessary to place individual bands, taking into account what functions they will perform, which will directly affect their dimensions. Terraces are created from top to bottom, while land moves to lower sections, contributing to their comfortable and more rapid creation. Height can vary in a wide range, as modern technologies and materials allow you to create strong retaining walls of a high height, but this may negatively affect the financial costs.

Varieties of terraces and their design features

Each type of terraces located on the slopes has individual features, features, and completely dependent on the thickness of the soil and its tilt. There are the following varieties of design:

1. Comb. Appropriate for the area with a slope not exceeding 0.12. Conducting work provides for the arrangement of shafts with a height of up to 0.4 m across the slope. The terraces of this type in width do not exceed 0.5 m and, as a rule, are used for growing fruit crops, grapes.
2. Step. Are the most used due to reliability, attractive external view, and suitable for growing fruit crops, vegetables, grapes, as well as forest crops with a width of the terrace in 3 m. It is shut-off on slopes with a slope to 0.25 and are additionally strengthened by stone masonry, which gives them stability and strength.
3. Trench. It is suitable for areas with a slope to 0.18, but at the same time they differ in a slight layer of fertile soil. When arranged, the subspeted layer is removed from the trench, and then they are filled with soil, equip shafts. Perfectly suitable for growing tea or citrus crops.
4. Terraces - ditch. They are manufactured in areas with a slope of up to 1 having a thin soil layer, and allow fruit and forest cultures to grow. The feature of the technology is that the soil for the shafts is taken from the ditches designed to collect and further remove the stormwater.

Retaining walls

Retaining walls On the plot with the slope are structures that prevent the slipping and collapse of the soil array. In addition, they are used as decorative elements when designing landscape design. Without strengthening structures, it is not necessary if the site is located near the water bodies, next to the ravines, as well as when it is a bias over 8 degrees.

Attention! In addition, it is necessary to equip drainage system A closed type warning moisture stagnation in the soil capable of blurring the wall that prevents the cultivation of plants.

The retaining walls can be manufactured using different materials, the choice of which occurs, taking into account the upcoming loads, as well as compliance with the selected style. The main designs used in the improvement of the plot and the features of their device:

• concrete. Is the most durable and reliable. It is most often carried out by an independent fill of the structure using the commercial concrete, rather than the use of reinforced concrete thin-walled structures manufactured by an industrial method. Such structures usually possess a wedge-shaped form that allows you to shift the load at the lower level, the horizontal soil movements are balanced by their own weight.

It is important to pay attention to the competent calculation of retaining walls from concrete to the shift, tipping and destruction in adjoining nodes;

• massive. Similar walls allow you to correct the landscape, regardless of the magnitude of the slopes. Their manufacture requires compliance with some rules:

1. The width value of the wall base must correspond to a certain type of soil.
2. The upper edge should be a thickness of at least 10 cm.
3. The blocking of the lower terrace into the soil must be at least 70 cm at a height of up to 2 m, and one third, if the height does not exceed 1.5 m.
4. Formwork is preferable to produce independently using a broken circuit, providing hardness ribs and angles inside the design;

• thin-walled. The advantage of using such structures is to reduce the consumption of materials, however, it also has a minus - a significant increase in labor complexity. There is also a need to observe certain nuances: an increase in the width of the trench of the lower terrace; falling asleep, the depth of which should not be less than 0.5 m, rubble, followed by its seal; Mandatory reinforcement of the conjugation angle of the vertical plate and the horizontal console due to the effects of maximum loads.

In addition, the terraction of the area is used using thin-walled anchor walls, for which the vertical plate is mounted inside the trenches, after which the mortgage loops are mounted at a distance of about 0.4 m from its upper edge. Inside the soil on the upper terrace there is a soil anchor in the form of a screw pile or a pipe, and then it and the loop are tied with a cable or wire from the reverse side of the plate. Anchors are deepened in compliance with the step to 1 m, on the half of the vertical plate;

• stone. Pretty common, as they give the area aesthetic appearance. As a rule, a classic dressing masonry is used or a flavory method (gabions), which allows to significantly reduce the laboriousness of the work. Gabions are popular because of the possession of a number of benefits: the ability to create walls of any configuration; Mounting furniture, stairs, architecture elements made using such technology may be mounted in grid frames; The ability to dismantle at any time, as they are mobile throughout the entire operation time;
• brick. Posted from brick or stone Retained walls are able to improve the landscape, give it a finished look. There are a number of requirements that must be observed during the work:

1. The masonry in the Pollipich is permissible only for walls of up to 8 rows, with counterphorts to 1.5 m.
2. High walls should be strengthened with pilasters with an increase in thickness up to 2.5 bricks.
3. Reinforcement using masonry grid every 4-5 rows.
4. Laying drainage pipes between small elements.

• wooden. Arrangement of the design of the site with a slope with the use of a tree will give him a unique form, but their resource, compared to concrete or brick structures, is very small. As a rule, one of their two ways is applied: the vertical clogging of the logs is closely or horizontal to lay them in the groove between the soil and vertically in-depth racks in increments of 1.5 m.

Additional Information! The use of timber provides compulsory processing by means of anti-rapid rotations that provide fireproof, as well as the raising resource.

• screw agents, such as automotive tires, derm, etc.

When choosing a certain material, it should also be used to build inter-level structures, which will ensure the integrity and harmony of the site. Do not forget about the backlight, thanks to which evening walks will become more comfortable, which is also achieved by the location of the benches, arbors on the household territory. Floristics will be relevant, when planning which it is necessary to take into account the location of the slopes in relation to the parties of light. The northern side of the site, for example, should be made by the moisture-lovable plants that prefer the location in the shade, while southern - flowers and herbs capable of confidently transfer drought, the effects of high temperatures.

Options and methods of terraceing of the site with a slope allow to realize the most brave design solutions, giving him uniqueness and attractiveness. In addition, the observance of all rules and requirements of performance will make it possible to carry out their own hands, without the need for cash costs for workers' services.

The country area on the slope can be viewed as the most unsuccessful option for individual construction, and can be viewed on the other side. Some designers are happy to take over the design of such non-standard territories. It is on the slope that can be released on the will all fantasy and embody a wide variety of artistic ideas, combine incompatible, turn inconvenience in favor and beauty.

Example of a landscape design area on the slope

To implement some ideas on even plots, artificial slides, embankments, lifting and slopes are created, and a plot with a bias - an already ready natural blank, it remains only to be issued. The main disadvantage that accompanies the improvement of the territory on the slope is undoubtedly considerable costs and labor-intensive work. Without it, it is not necessary to do without it, because for the arrangement, the cultivation of the garden, the maintenance of garden work will be required to build retaining walls, strengthening, terrace, steps.

Landscape design and arrangement of buildings and zones can be the most diverse and depends on the degree of slope, the location of the manor.

Rules zoning

The design of the site on the slope and the location of the functional zones depend on the preferences of the owners and the possibilities of the territory. Any zoning option requires compliance with its rules.

Strengthening - Decoration

The main disadvantages of the "steep" site are shrinking of the soil and flushing with soil waters. In order for the cottage to please no one generation, a number of hard land aimed at strengthening is simply necessary. But the created cascade terraces, the walls will help create the most unique atmosphere.

Shrubs on the slope also preferably post predominantly, which have an extended root system: growling, they will and rejoice and strengthen the slope.

Juniper, dogwood, rosehip, barbaris, bearing, dwarfish - these plants turn a launched hill to a special landscaped corner, and also help prevent squeezing, delay moisture. The retaining walls are engineering structures that must ensure the fixing of the soil, to restrain the mass of the Earth. The layout layout without retaining structures is simply impossible.

Depending on the quality of the strengthened soil, the retaining walls can be divided into lungs and capital. Capital retaining walls up to 3 meters high are solid structures requiring, and intended for long-term deterrence and strengthening the heavy mass of the soil. Before arranging such a wall, a thorough engineering calculation is needed.

Light walls are erected without a powerful foundation, they are designed more for decoration, strengthening a small area. The material from which the retaining walls create:

Farming Gardens and Native View

The retaining walls installed on a specific plan create a peculiar landscape landscape with terraces. Turning on a steep slope allows you to create favorable pads with a soil for vegetable garden, garden, flower. Also with the help of individual terraces, recreation areas are offered.

It is possible to position the stepped platforms vertically after each other, it is possible in a checker order, one requirement: the steeper the bias, the terrace should be.

Correctly spent the strengthening of the site with the help of terraceing should solve several tasks at once:

1. Cottage is divided into convenient functional areas.
2. The slope is strengthened, the optimal conditions are created for water drain.
3. The staircase created together with the terrace facilitates freedom of movement.

Very interesting ideas to create recreation areas on terraced sites. They can be located at different levels. The upper terrace can turn into a search site, from which you can admire the amazing landscape, while drinking tea at the table.


The resting platform on the lower terrace, on the contrary, will create a protected private situation, will help to hide from prying eyes and drafts.

Time step, two steps

Unsured without arranging such elements as a staircase and. The main staircase for descent and lifting can be part of the terraces or paved on the slope separately. In any case, the steps must be the most convenient for the transition and at the same time emphasize the style of the entire estate.

Additional tracks are equipped with steps or laid out serpentine. At very high slopes, it is appropriate to make transitions, set them on them to relax. Railings and platforms of stairs and tracks - places for registration of liaans and curly flowers.

The material from which the staircase is manufactured may be wood, and stone, and brick and concrete slabs: it is important only to match design, convenience and safety.

If your site is located on the slope, you can make a beautiful and original element of the landscape - terrace.

When terracing the slope, it is important to estimate the size of the site, usually the terraces do not exceed 80 cm with a width of at least 5 meters. Their quantity depends on the size of the garden plot, sometimes it is 2 or 4 terraces, there may be much more in large areas.

The design of the slopes by terraces protects the soil from landslides and blur. Each of them can be arranged individually, but so that everyone together they looked harmoniously.

First you need to align the surface. How to do it? First you need to carry out eye shooting to attach the number of terraces and the size of the protrusion. Then the slope is broken down with the help of pegs from top to bottom on the segments equal to the one-hour terrace width, and, moving across the slope, using the level of the points that are located at the same level as the first peg. Setting the auxiliary pegs at these points, find a line, disseminating slope exactly horizontally. After completing work with the first line, go to the next peg and determine the direction of the second horizontal.

Then, after determining all the horizontals, the formation of the terrace is proceeded. Its surface during the sinking must be made not horizontal, but with a slight bias, reverse slope slope. Next, the terrace is strengthened by the retaining wall.

You should pay attention to the wall design, as they attract attention in the first place.

Returning walls are: wooden, concrete, stone, bricks.

Wooden retaining walls look, of course, more naturally and beautiful, but their service life is small, much smaller than the walls from other materials. But the price of this material is not so high. Make such walls from logs or bars. With the height of the wall in 1 meter, the bars and logs should have a half-meter to go under the ground and to rise over it for 1 meter. Accordingly, the diameter and length with smaller or large drops are calculated.

How build a wooden wall. First, they dig a trench, 10 cm deeper than the knocked part of the bars and 20 cm are wider than their diameter. Then the bottom fall asleep with rubble and carefully tamper. Next, the bars are installed tightly to each other. Brux is fixed with nails or wire, and they fall asleep with rubble. On the inside, the wall is placed backregid. Next, the trench is poured with concrete, then fall asleep and tamper the soil. To protect the timber from moisture, their surface burn or processed by special means, can also be covered with hot bitumen.

Concrete walls look not very beautiful and to fix it, they are usually plated tiles, tiles or pebbles.

To build a concrete wall, first make a formwork from boards or shields. Outside it is necessary to make backups that can withstand the weight of concrete. Next, large stones are laid in the lower row of formworks, and the voids between them are filled with gravel. Then the stones are poured with a small layer of concrete. Next, the process continues, laying stones with layers and pouring them with concrete until all formwork is filled. It is necessary not to forget at an altitude of 5 cm from the level of the ground laying drainage pipes for water removal.

Brick walls look very beautiful if they are posted high quality and from a good material. Such walls usually do if the house is laid out of the brick. For its construction, a clinker brick with high strength and moisture resistance will be best suited.

When building a brick wall, by analogy with concrete, the foundation makes. In the first row of brickwork, it is necessary to make drainage holes with a slope toward the lower terrace. The thickness of this wall directly depends on its height, that is, the wall above, the greater its width. Strengthen the wall by thickening its lower part (5-6 rows) to one and a half or two bricks. Bricks are put on the solution. A solution of 1 part of cement, 3 parts of fine-grained sand and 3 parts of water.

Stone walls are the most expensive, but also the most durable. For its manufacture, an unprocessed sawn or bold stone is taken. It is usually basalt, quartzite or granite. From the stone you can lay out the walls of the most diverse shape.

Along the top edge of the wall, it is possible to plant the sharpening plants hanging the stems of which will partially cover the vertical surfaces. And attaching to the wire walls, you can make support for climbing species. For landscaping, you can use curly plants in special containers, which are located in the niches of the retaining walls.

Along the walls can be planted plants, such as ivy or wild grapes, fragrant peas or Clematis.

The terrace can be decorated with small flower beds, or flower beds. It looks very beautiful to terrace, accusing, for example, purple clematis, next to which small flower beds with orange flowers, for example, calendula.

The terrace is usually decorated with floral compositions, as a rule, from unpretentious plants and colors. As well as on ordinary flowerbeds, the main thing is to choose a combination of colors on the color and in time of flowering.

On the slopes of the terrace, the bushes are best to land, which will keep the soil. It may be a barberry, a rosehip, an eavestelet, etc., look good on the terraces coniferous decorative shrubs.

Fountains, cascades and small waterfalls running on one terrace to another will be a wonderful garden decoration.

If the wall is laid out without the use of the solution, then the gaps between the stones are filled with soil, tightly tamping it. In the seams between the stones, in this case you can also plant plants. On the sunny side, you can plant Floxes, a chabret or an outdoor, on the shadow side it will be beautifully looked harsh, camneur or bells.

Ideally, direct relief of the country site - the dream of each dachnik. But a large number of country sites has natural slopes or untreated multi-level areas.

To make the most comfortable stay on the plot with a bias and rationalize its use, you can engage in independent creation of the terraces.

Favorable use of relief shortcomings - creating a terrace and giving it originality. At the heart of work - the principle of terracing - the creation artificial way On the slopes of territories having a view of high wide steps.

Terraces - this is kinda, artificially created land plotwhich includes a cloth, slopes - leaning and bulk, empty part of the slope between terraces. Skip terraces are:

1. Inclined;
2. Vertical.

The advantages of the vertical and horizontal layout of the land plot:

• Obstacle to the emergence of soil erosion;
• Creating a simple drainage;
• Zoning of the territory into separate sections of various purposes;
• Wide space for the embodiment of designer ideas;
• Practicality of the result of work;
• Long service life terraces;
• Reincarnation of relief shortcomings in masterpiece of own manufacture.

Types and features of the terraces

The purpose and features of the design of the terraces created on the slopes depend on different factors: the angle of inclination of the soil, the thickness of its fertile layer.

Severe four main types of terraces:

1. Comb. Early in areas with a slope of less than 0.12. Their construction begins with the creation of earthen shafts across the slope, no more than 40 cm high. Such terraces are suitable for planting grapes, fruit plants. Their width is more than 50 cm.
2. Step. They are the most reliable, beautifully look, so they are in great demand. Such terraces take a width of 3 m on slopes to 0.25. They are strengthened by masonry from stone making them stable. Step terraces planted fruit and berry and wild grape or vegetable crops.
3. Trench. This type of terracement is elevated when the area is biased to 0.18 or more. The fertile layer of soil is very thin here. During operation from trenches, the secondary, less fertile layer is usually removed. Next, the trench is thrown out soil and form shafts. Trench terraces - the best way For breeding citrus or tea.
4. Terrace ditch. They are made on the slopes of the site to 1 with a thin fertile layer of soil. At a certain stage of work from the canvas for removing the water, the ground is absorbed and the shafts are made. Such terraceing is suitable for planting fruit plants.

Analysis of the state of relief

The terraces are 6 m wide, and their height is up to 80 cm. After analyzing the relief and the soil, you can:

• Evaluate the functionality of the site.
• Make a vertical layout, observing all the rules.
• Make an ideal composition of sites and stairs.
• Pick up plants for disembarking the terrace.

After evaluating all parameters and selection of design, you can take on the creation of a work plan.

Vertical layout and binding

Vertical layout - artificial change of relief for the construction of the terraces. This layout is a subflinking of soil or its cut. The terracement of the country site by the method of vertical layout involves breaking the territory into separate sections that will comply with the rules of the placement binding.

Stages

To create a magic corner on your summer cottage, you need to adhere to the paragraphs of the plan.

1. Make the markup of the problem area. It needs to be protected. To do this, stretch the threads and twist them on the knives driven in advance. Sweep the soil into the bottom, cut up the top. This procedure levets the angle of inclination of the territory.
2. Drop drag and pave pipes for water supply.
3. Prepare steps and retaining walls. You can arrange waterfalls, slides and mixtures.
4. Place the footage and retaining walls.
5. Package paths and tracks with tiles or stones.
6. Prepare terraces for plant landing.
7. Decorate a plot of architecture elements. Sprinkle plants, put water into the pool.

detailed instructions

Locking the pegs

To create a smooth horizontal line, you need to create the syllable lines of the horizontal. This is done with the help of pegs and ropes. The first pegs are driven on the slope, then split the section on segments that are equal to the width of the intended terrace.

The following places for the location of the pegs are determined using a level. This is how the first horizontal line is created, which will start the beginning of the rest of the lines. After that, the stage is embarking on the grounding for leveling platforms.

Experienced specialists are advised to make them not exactly horizontally, and under a slight inclination so that the rain water is not stuffed, but rolved them. Return walls will strengthen the subtype.

Retaining walls

Wooden pallet picks up in advance, the turf is put in it, the top is strengthened by pegs. Lay large stones, on them - smaller stones. Attach a fine grid. Apply the strengthening mixture and decorate the wall with bricks, stones or tiles.

If the slope is very high, you need to calculate everything in advance and concrete. The same walls are suitable for the construction of the foundation.

Strengthening walls

If the walls are straight, to strengthen them use counterphorts or pilasters that can perform the role of steps or ramps. When erecting the reference walls, you can use concrete, natural stone, brick, solid wood or gabion. The filler may be different.

Terrace decoration

Decor do when terraces are fully prepared. Beautiful flowers are often used as decor. Thanks to them, you can create unique compositions using various varieties of plants.

On the slopes it is appropriate to plant fruit trees. Impressively can look at the terrace of flowering plants - Nasturtium, Petunia. Cooks of juniper or Japanese spirahy can serve as decor.

Conclusion

If you follow all the requirements in the performance of these fairly responsible works, you can create a terraceing of the site on its own, eliminating the cost of funds for the services of employees.