Cubes Zaitsev teaching methodology. The project “Teaching children to read using cubes N. A. Zaitseva. Why Nikolai Zaitsev created his own method of teaching reading

12.11.2021 Glucometers

Based on these convictions, he directed all his efforts to develop a method by which children could be taught to read in a fairly short time. And he succeeded. Many parents believe that Zaitsev's technique is one of the most effective.

Despite the fact that this technique is effective and has been used for 20 years, Zaitsev does not stop improving it. Based on it, he creates new educational games.

Zaitsev's technique for children is based on two main principles:

Learning aspects of reading, 5 types of perception should be involved (thinking, touch, motor, auditory and visual memory);
The teacher is a mentor who can create a playful atmosphere conducive to learning.

Who love quiet games;
Who do not differ in perseverance;
Having problems with vision or hearing;
Diagnosed with autism
Having deviations in mental development.

What is its purpose:

Fill up the dictionary with new words;
Learn to write correctly;
Make speech intelligible, get rid of speech therapy problems;
Develop thinking, logic;
Teach independent work.

Kit for the Zaitsev technique

The set is rather bulky.

It includes:

Assembled cubes made of cardboard in the amount of 61 pieces;
Cardboard tables with graphic characters, letters and syllables (6 pieces);
Cardboard tables (B3 format) in the amount of 4 pieces;
Disk;
Abstract for conducting classes in the form of a teaching aid.

Despite the large number of constituent parts that the Zaitsev Method - Teaching Reading provides - a table, a manual, cubes, etc., its essence is quite simple and understandable.

Warehouse according to the method of reading Zaitsev

Based on the methodology of a well-known teacher in the warehouse. It is they who replaced the syllables. Under the warehouse in this technique, it is customary to consider a combination of two letters - a consonant and a vowel or a vowel and a solid sign. Also, one letter can be called a warehouse.

To determine the number of warehouses that a word consists of, you need to put your palm under your chin and pronounce it. There are exactly as many of them as the chin touches the palm of your hand.

Tables, cubes are a collection of warehouses. In order for the child to navigate and recognize the necessary cubes, they are painted in different colors, and also differ in size. In addition, each warehouse sounds differently.

What is the essence of the Zaitsev technique

According to this method, children should not be taught in an authoritarian style. Instead, they need to become a friend and conduct training in the form of a game. Classes do not require perseverance from children. They are allowed to move, dance and even sing using cubes for this.

Let's take a closer look at cubes:

Warehouses that sound hard are depicted on large cubes, and soft-sounding - on small ones;
They can be single and double;
If the warehouse is voiced, metal is indicated, and if it is deaf, wood;
Vowels are marked in gold;
The wood-iron and wood-gold cubes are marked with a hard and soft sign, respectively;
The kid can find punctuation marks on a cube painted white.

On sale you can find sets of three types:

With ready-to-use cubes;
With a layout that you need to assemble yourself;
With plastic base.

At the beginning of training, children should be introduced to the cubes, which depict 200 warehouses. Having become acquainted with them, you can proceed to the tables. In order to prevent the development of scoliosis, as well as vision problems, experts recommend choosing the right height for their fixation. For this, the baby should be asked to raise his hand up, with which he should easily reach the top edge of the table.

For convenience, tables can be hung not along the wall, but in the corner of the room. So it will be easier for children to navigate them, since everything they need is in their field of vision.

Warehouses, which are depicted on cubes, children must sing. This contributes to the fact that they better remember the material, it is deposited in memory. In addition, this approach from early childhood allows you to instill an interest in singing.

All learning material should be freely available. Before the lesson, you need to give the crumbs some time so that he gets acquainted with it. Then you can start studying. To begin with, ask him to choose from the total number of cubes the one that interested him the most. Sing to him the warehouses that are indicated on his faces.

Do not focus on this exercise for too long. It is very important that the baby does not lose interest. Therefore, after singing warehouses, ask him to choose several cubes - of different sizes and colors. This will help him understand that they are all different, both in size, color, and in sound.

Now we can move on to the tables. Choose one of the columns and sing it to your baby. It is not at all necessary to require him to sing. He himself must show interest in this process. You can ask him to bring cubes in which warehouses correspond to what you just sang in the table.

When the baby begins to sing warehouses in the table on his own, he will gradually understand the principle of word formation. At the same time, he can be taught to write, while doing everything in a playful way. The child will be interested, and learning will give good results.

A prerequisite for such activities is the good mood of the children and their desire. It is recommended to carry them out daily. But if you see that the child is not set up, something worries him - the planned lesson should be abandoned.

When to start teaching reading using Zaitsev's cubes

The creator of this technique claims that it is possible to acquaint a baby with cubes almost from birth. At the same time, you should not expect that he will learn to read before he can speak. Not at all. At this time, they can be used as toys.

When he is six months old, you can start singing warehouses. He will be interested, and very soon he will do it with you.

But at 1–1.5 years old, it is already possible to introduce children to warehouses. You can do this in a playful way, for example, offer:

Add your name from the proposed cubes;
Populate the zoo with animals. Each imaginary cage should contain a certain animal, the name of which is collected from the cubes offered to the baby;
To cook a favorite dish. To do this, you need to collect from the cubes all the necessary ingredients.

The older the child gets, the more difficult the game should be offered to him.

Advantages and disadvantages of the technique

The advantages of the technique include:

Fast learning. Here everything is individual. Judging by the feedback from parents, the older the child, the faster he learns to read. So, at the age of 6 years, children learn the basics of reading after a week of regular classes, at 5 years old - after 12 lessons, at 3-4 years old, this can take up to 6 months.
There are no age restrictions. This allows you to deal with children of the first year of life or future first graders. Differences will only be in the complexity of the tasks.
Positive effect on the development of hearing and memory.
The development of fine motor skills of the hands.
Individual approach to each kid. The features of its development are taken into account. During the training, no one forces him to do anything, does not rush and does not compare with other children. Everything happens at will.
The simplicity of the technique. Many parents successfully use it for homework.
Along with reading, children learn to write correctly. This is possible due to the fact that the letters on the cubes form the correct warehouses, they do not have those that are not in the Russian language.
The technique allows you to save your eyesight - the eye muscles are trained, the letters are of the correct size, they are not small, and the colors are chosen so as not to strain children's eyes.
The method is designed in such a way as to reduce the likelihood of conflict situations between three parties - teachers, children and their mothers and fathers.
Possibility to practice without adults. It is enough to show the children the principle of the methodology, and they can study without the participation of adults, learning new material in the process of playing.
There is no need to study the fusion of letters into syllables. Instead, ready-made warehouses are offered. This method teaches you to read the text quickly, without stammering.

The method also has some disadvantages that parents should be aware of:

Defectologists and speech therapists are not very good at this technique. This is explained by the fact that children memorize warehouses, while not understanding how letters merge. In the future, this leads to the fact that they cannot divide the word into syllables or disassemble it by composition.
At school, they are taught to designate sounds with one color, but according to Zaitsev’s method, this is proposed to be done differently. The child is confused. It will take time to relearn it.
The allowance is not cheap. If the choice was made in favor of layouts that require self-gluing, then this will require a lot of time.
The method is ineffective for babies who have a more developed left hemisphere. Their imaginative thinking is not very well developed.
Isolating a single sound for some children can be a real problem that will affect writing.
During the training, no attention is paid to the creative abilities of children.

The technique of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev is today considered one of the best developmental systems for teaching preschoolers to read, write and count. This method is universal - it is perfect for working with one and a half year old children, and with three-year-olds, and with older children. Moreover, the Zaitsev system gives very good results when working with babies with developmental delays, as well as with visually impaired, hearing impaired and deaf children.

Also, Zaitsev's cubes and tables are successfully used to teach Russian to foreigners.

Learn by playing

Zaitsev's cube-based training methodology is based on Nikolai Alexandrovich's vast pedagogical experience. Its creator is not a theoretician. For many years he worked in various children's institutions and watched both normally developing babies and those who had any problems or lags. As a result, a whole system of early childhood development has emerged, based on the following basic principles:

Principle one - lack of coercion. Children learn by playing. Sometimes they do not even suspect that the learning process is going on, because there are no tables or desks, kids can run, sit, come closer or stand aside - as they like. Children do not have to repeat the words after the teacher - everything happens only on a voluntary basis.
The second principle warehouse reading. Children do not learn letters, but read at once in warehouses. Just do not confuse with syllables! A warehouse is a speech unit of the Zaitsev method, it is a consonant-vowel pair, or a consonant and a hard or soft sign, or one letter. All warehouses are written in tables and on the faces of the cubes.
The third principle Let's start with the letter. Children show the necessary warehouses in the table or find cubes to compose a word, that is, they turn sounds into signs - and, after all, this is a letter! The essence of the Zaitsev method is to show the child words, and not to explain how individual letters merge into syllables, and then into words.
The fourth principle use of multiple senses. When learning, hearing, vision and touch are involved, there are a lot of cubes - large and small; light and heavy; "golden", "iron", "wooden" and white; with different fillers that sound louder or muffled. The inscriptions on the cubes are bright, clear, multi-colored - they can be seen from afar. "Sounding" cubes become one of the most favorite toys of almost all babies, starting from six months.

These principles are the basis of training according to the Zaitsev method. After all, the development of intelligence in children under one year is not the same as in seven-year-olds. Young children do not think analytically, they have difficulty turning abstract letters into sounds and then putting them into words, but they are especially susceptible to signals from the senses. Therefore, the cubes help to distinguish between different sounds - vowels and consonants, soft and hard.

When and how much to practice

Zaitsev's cubes and the method of teaching reading can be used almost everywhere - in kindergartens, at schools or at home, of course, group classes led by an experienced teacher give the best results. With the right approach and the implementation of all the rules of the methodology, six-year-old children begin to read after just a few lessons, four-year-olds - after about 16-20 lessons, and two-three-year-olds - after six to nine months.

Zaitsev's technique provides for two classes per week for 30-60 minutes. If you study at home, you can allocate as much time for training as you see fit. If the child is really interested, you can practice daily for 30 minutes a day. Moreover, it is absolutely not necessary to adhere to some kind of strict schedule - the main thing is that the child has a good mood and desire! In no case should you force him or tear him away from his favorite activities. Learning should be an interesting game and should not cause negative emotions.

You can introduce children to Zaitsev's cubes from three months. Of course, at first they need to be used simply as rattles. But starting from 6 months, you can sometimes make simple words from cubes, name and show them. For example, a wardrobe, a table, a chair, a bear ...

From the age of two or three, you can already start learning to read.

Classes according to the Zaitsev method

Today, "Zaitsev's Cubes" can be bought in so many children's goods stores. The set usually includes:

6 cardboard sheets with tables, format 520×720 mm;
4 sheets with tables, format 360×520 mm;
61 cardboard cubes (50x50mm and 60x60mm);
audio CD;
color "Textbook for parents, educators, teachers";
packing box.

tables

Before starting classes, you need to glue the tables and hang them on the wall. The height at which the tables are located depends on how many kids will be engaged at the same time.

For group lessons. In classrooms, as a rule, tables are hung at a distance of 160-170 centimeters from the floor - so everyone will be able to see clearly. There are three shelves under the tables - on them the kids put words from cubes. There must be a long pointer in the class - the teacher and children will show warehouses and “write” words with it. The cubes do not need to be sorted - the kids must learn to quickly find the right warehouses themselves.
For homework. For one child, the tables are attached in such a way that they are located just above his height. Well, you can just stack the cubes on the table.

Cubes

If you bought blanks, then you will first have to assemble or glue them. Even if the baby has expressed a desire to do it on his own, it is better to control the process - then he will not be tempted to “gut” the “ringing” cube and study its filling.
It makes sense to strengthen paper cubes with cardboard from the inside and tape along the edges. The most frequently used warehouses are best "duplicated". Before assembling, just copy the images and make several identical cubes - then the baby, without any problems, will be able to add any words.

Audio CD

Classes on Zaitsev's cubes are usually held with musical accompaniment. The package includes an audio CD with 35 melodies. Under them, the children at each lesson will “sing” all the warehouses. This is a very important part of learning, because babies learn to pronounce sounds distinctly and clearly. The game principle makes this process fun and tireless - as a rule, children sing along with adults with great pleasure. By the way, many educators and parents note that after learning according to the Zaitsev method, the child’s speech becomes much cleaner.

Benefit

The set "Zaitsev's Cubes" includes a methodological guide, of course, it is better for your child to learn from an experienced teacher who has mastered the Zaitsev method well, for example, in a kindergarten or in a children's development center. But you can do it yourself with the baby. To be honest, there is nothing complicated here, just read the manual carefully - the whole process is written there in an accessible language and in great detail, there are also descriptions of many games and interesting tasks with which you can start learning. Later, you will be able to come up with games that will be interesting to your baby.
If for some reason singing warehouses is a problem for you, pronounce them in recitative. Singing or pronouncing warehouses, show them on the table with a pointer or on a cube, turning it in front of the child - this is very important! Simultaneous exposure to sound and vision dramatically increases the effectiveness of learning. In addition, the child trains vision and memory, and also learns attention.

Advantages of Zaitsev's technique

There are many! Adherents of this system of education note that:

Children quickly begin to read fluently. Moreover, reading is not perceived as something complicated and requiring additional efforts - everything happens in the game, as if "by itself".
Memory improves, the ability to think logically develops.
Children subconsciously remember the correct spelling of words.
Regular pronunciation of words corrects the shortcomings of speech, the child begins to speak more clearly and distinctly.
The vocabulary is rapidly expanding.
Trains - and sometimes even improves! - vision, because the eyes must constantly follow the pointer.
Classes are not harmful to health - children move a lot, they are forced to raise their heads, which is very useful for posture.
The ability to concentrate is formed, the child learns to work independently.
The Zaitsev method is universal, it is suitable for children of any age, it can be used to teach children with various disabilities.
The technique is quite simple, with a certain perseverance, even “unprepared” parents can use it at home.

Disadvantages of the technique

However, the reviews about Zaitsev's cubes are not only positive - some parents and teachers have a lot of complaints about this technique. And not to say about them - just not fair:

The main disadvantage of the Zaitsev method is its incompatibility with the official school curriculum.
At school, children have to relearn from reading in warehouses to reading in syllables. And sometimes this process is very painful.
The color scheme of the cubes does not correspond to the color scheme adopted at school for consonants, vowels, voiced and deaf sounds.
Children who have learned according to the Zaitsev method have difficulty mastering word analysis by composition and phonetic analysis - after all, they are used to dividing words only by warehouses.
Class aids are expensive, bulky, and time-consuming to assemble.
Not all parents succeed in quickly teaching their child to read. The method is more suitable for classes with an experienced teacher.

Output

As you can see, learning with Zaitsev's cubes is undoubtedly a very interesting and noteworthy method. It is good because it is suitable for any children, regardless of age, abilities and temperament. Whether to use cubes or rely on classical learning methods is up to you.

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Every parent dreams that their child will be smart, developed and will go to school, being able to read and write at least in their native language. That is why various systems are now at the peak of popularity, for example, the Zaitsev technique, which allows you to achieve good results while doing it at home. We offer to get acquainted with this technique in more detail, to find out its pros and cons.

Short story

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev himself was born into a family of rural teachers, graduated from the philological department of the Pedagogical Institute, and specialized in teaching Russian to foreigners. Interestingly, he practiced in Indonesia, where he taught local residents to read and write in Russian. Already at that time, he became interested in creating a unique system that would make the learning process easier and more accessible not only for adults, but also for children.

For many years, Zaitsev was engaged in teaching activities, until he finally decided on his interests - his goal was to create educational programs for kids. The researcher drew attention to the shortcomings of the classical method and proposed his own version of their resolution.

The problems and innovations of Zaitsev are presented in the form of a table.

Note that the system is popular in our time, many use it for home learning.

Description

It has been proven that preschool children have a very plastic memory, grasp everything on the fly, and are able to remember huge flows of information. It is these features that are actively used for early learning. And if some methodologists, such as Doman, suggested focusing on memorization using cards, then others, in particular Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev, were looking for their own approaches.

In his work, he used the concept of "warehouse" - this is an elementary speech particle, consisting of two sounds (vowel and consonant) or from a pair of "consonant + b / b". The teacher placed such options on his cubes, which are very popular with those parents who want to teach their child to read from an early age. In addition, Zaitsev also developed syllabic tables that can be used as a visual aid.

The main feature of the system, which distinguishes it from others, is the use of warehouses. Most people learned to read in elementary school according to this algorithm:

familiarity with letters and sounds;
making syllables out of them;
the addition of whole words from syllables.

And Zaitsev, focusing on the fact that individual sounds are almost never present in a child’s speech, suggested immediately working with a special unit - a warehouse. He believed that the division of the syllable into sounds is unnatural and complicates the learning process. It was in this division that the teacher saw the key reason for the difficulties that arise in many children who are taught to read. The classical technique - harmful, in his opinion - leads to severe mental and emotional stress, which, in turn, can cause more serious mental problems.

best age

You can use the early development technique from 3.5–4 years. The main thing is that the baby does not get tired and shows a keen interest in the educational process. It is unacceptable to conduct lessons on days when the baby feels unwell, is ill, or simply does not want to study.

You can also use cubes for babies from a year old, but it should be understood that at such an early age they are more of a toy than a didactic tool. But they will do their job - the child will learn to read much faster and more productively in the future.

Cubes

The most famous result of Zaitsev's works are cubes. Various warehouses are written on their faces, including those consisting of one vowel. Putting them together, the baby can make words, and then sentences. It is interesting that the cubes themselves differ from each other in color, size, even sound, which is why the child very easily learns how the deaf differs from the voiced.

The composition of the set is very interesting. There are 52 cubes in total, with repeating warehouses used by young children (for example, MA and MA, PA and PA) written on their faces. They differ in several ways:

To size. Soft warehouses (like ML) are written on small ones, hard warehouses (MA) are written on large ones.
By color and material (iron ones contain voiced variants, wooden ones are deaf. Vowels are applied on the golden edges. Iron-gold ones contain b, iron-wood ones - b).

What is special about this grant?

The creator himself proceeded from the fact that the leading activity for kids is the game. Therefore, it is better to teach reading in such an easy and accessible form.
The child will comprehend the most important knowledge, enjoying it.
Presenting the material in an unusual form will not tire the baby, but will cause him genuine interest and a desire to learn further.
You can study both at home and in kindergarten, both with one child and with several.

The teacher was sure that for a successful learning process, the child's visual perception should be used, and not auditory, as is done in the traditional education system. It was this position that was taken as the basis of his theory.

Principles

The technology of teaching reading by N. A. Zaitsev is based on the following key principles:

The material must be presented systematically.
It is necessary to go not only from the particular to the general, but also from the general to the particulars.
Be sure to use visibility, various channels for presenting information.
It is necessary to create and use clear algorithms for the presentation of educational material.
Be sure to do everything possible so that the lessons do not harm the fragile health of the crumbs.

In modern conditions, you can play with cubes in a variety of ways - for example, come up with a fairy tale and tell it to your little one. Let's say that fantastic animals live in a magical forest that communicate with each other using songs. After that, you need to “sing” all the vowels on the cubes. Any motive can be used. When the kid figured out these letters, you can begin to get acquainted with warehouses containing consonants.

Learning structure

Consider step by step how you can teach a child to read at an early age using the Zaitsev system.

The first lesson is a game with cubes according to the rules of the baby. He gets acquainted with the visual aid.
Next, you should listen to the cubes, understand how which one sounds, systematize.
Studying the size of products, systematization. At this step, it should be explained that soft syllables are very tiny, but hard syllables are strong, and therefore large.
Then we start singing. First, together with the child, the mother sings warehouses from cubes, tables, then they move on to building and then singing whole words.
You need to pronounce warehouses loudly and clearly, showing the children an example.

As soon as the study of the cubes is completed, you should proceed to work with the table: the mother leads with a pointer, the baby pronounces warehouses. This form contributes to quick memorization. The child will look at the same warehouse in different versions, which will allow him to learn the material much faster.

results

Teaching reading using this technique allows you to achieve very impressive results:

kids at the age of 3 master a difficult science after 6 months;
for four-year-olds, 16 lessons are enough;
children at the age of 5 understand everything in 5-10 lessons;
preschoolers at 6 years old - for 4-6 lessons.

Therefore, the baby will go to school fully prepared.

Advantages

Like any other pedagogical discovery, the Zaitsev method has both pluses and minuses. Among its undoubted advantages are the following:

Learning by playing brings real pleasure to the baby. He is interested, the lessons do not cause boredom.
Classes with cubes help develop the child's fine motor skills, which is useful in itself.
Development of memory - both visual and auditory.
The kid has a real chance to learn to read much earlier than his peers without tedious cramming and tears, with pleasure.
Literacy education. Warehouses are compiled in such a way that they comply with the rules of the native language, so from an early age the baby will remember that SHI and ZhI should be written without the letter Y.
There are no age restrictions, you can read at any age, the main thing is that the child is interested.

As you can see, there are a lot of advantages, and they are significant.

disadvantages

Parents should be familiar with the disadvantages of the technique.

When a child reads a syllable or a warehouse, he does not fully understand the whole process of formation of a single sound. Therefore, it may begin to skip endings when reading and even speaking.
School will have to relearn. Teachers, of course, will be amazed at the skills of the crumbs, but they will tell him about syllables, as required by the classical program. In addition, the problem will also arise when performing tasks such as “divide the word into syllables”. The child is accustomed to warehouses, so new language units can become a stumbling block for him.
The technique is largely based on the use of associations (colors, sounds), so at a school where there are no such prompts, it will be quite difficult for the baby.
Many kids begin to confuse similar syllables such as VE and BE. The problem is especially noticeable in writing.
The development of the creative abilities of the crumbs is completely absent.
Impressive cost. Not every parent can afford the treasured set.

The training system of the St. Petersburg teacher Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev gained great popularity. Zaitsev's teaching methodology is based on the idea that the warehouse is an elementary particle of speech.

A warehouse is a pair of a consonant with a vowel or a consonant with a hard or soft sign, or one letter. Zaitsev wrote these warehouses on the faces of his famous cubes.

When the child begins to speak, he does not pronounce the letters separately, he says "ma", "pa", "ba". This method is used on cubes. Learning on Zaitsev's cubes takes place in the game, children sing syllables, clap them, jump and run. In the same way, effortlessly, kids get acquainted with mathematics. Zaitsev developed special tables according to which children perform arithmetic operations.

Learning according to the Zaitsev method is not only tables of syllables and arithmetic operations, but also toys that make different sounds, musical instruments, cubes with split pictures, puzzles, building kits, etc. In addition, the learning environment created in kindergarten or at school should be maintained at home. Tables should be hung around the apartment, any household activity should be accompanied by certain methodological instructions, and much depends on the spirit that reigns in the family.

Zaitsev's cubes differ in 46 features. Big and small, "iron", "wooden" and "gold". Cubes weigh and sound differently.

"Golden" cubes - ring, "iron" - rattle, "wooden" muffled tapping.
Sounds help children to feel the difference between vowels and consonants, voiced and soft.

Learning is helped by singing blocks and chains of warehouses to several melodies. The size of the letters and signs in Zaitsev's tables and on Zaitsev's cubes is sufficient to be perceived by a child without any tension from a distance of several meters.

The counting technique, based on Zaitsev's tables, is offered to children from the age of three. A four-color ribbon with numbers from 0 to 99 in numbers and in the form of grouped objects - circles and squares. Even three-year-old children after a very short time are able to find any ordered number on the tape. Even and odd differ in color, and the composition of the number is clear to each: the number of tens, units.
Split cards represent a number in relation to a hundred (for example, 54 filled squares in a matrix of 10 * 10 cells and 46 unfilled ones).

Children 4-5 years old easily move on to addition and subtraction within a hundred, first-graders do this after a few lessons, avoiding many months of familiarity with numbers and sitting in the top ten for a hundred hours.

The transition from a numerical tape to table 1 helps to speed up addition and subtraction operations within a hundred, bring them to automatism and move on to mental calculations earlier than the deadlines provided for by traditional programs.

Six cubes and table 2 will help children learn to write and read three-digit numbers, create figurative ideas about their composition - the number of hundreds, tens, units.

Table 3 will introduce students to the notation and name of multi-digit numbers.
Zaitsev's benefits will be interesting and useful to all children. Classes with "Zaitsev's Cubes" are based on the game and children learn while enjoying the lessons.

"Skladushki" Voskobovich.

The game-allowance "Skladushki" is intended for teaching children early (from 3-4 years old) reading in the warehouse system. The warehouse system of teaching children early reading is now widespread. In addition to the fact that warehouses in this system, children initially learn to pronounce the way they sound in words, the warehouses themselves are located in a strictly defined way. This game is a popular system of teaching reading to young children, reworked by V. Voskobovich, by the famous St. Petersburg teacher N. Zaitsev.

Free download
ON THE. Zaitsev "Writing. Reading. Counting".	download
Zaitsev's tables

"Don't study, but play!" This is how Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev's method of teaching reading to be briefly characterized. Perhaps this is the most popular technique today. With its help, advocates of early development teach their babies to read, write, count and even master foreign languages. And children are not against such training. After all, all that is required of them is to play with bright cubes and sing songs.

How Zaitsev's cubes appeared

Nikolai Zaitsev was born and raised in a family of rural teachers and had no doubts about his choice of specialty: after school he entered the Faculty of Philology of the Pedagogical University. Herzen. In the fifth year he was sent as a translator to Indonesia. There, Nikolai Alexandrovich began to teach Russian as a foreign language. This event became the starting point in the creation of his unique system of teaching reading and writing. One of the most difficult languages in the world - Russian - had to be taught in the shortest possible time. The students were adults, already unaccustomed to learning people - officers. Such a task seemed overwhelming, but Zaitsev coped brilliantly. He invented new methods on the go, came up with original tables, tried to penetrate into the essence of the language, so that - in the words of Zaitsev himself - "learn to pass it on to others."

The success inspired the young teacher to develop his own teaching system. The system, which takes into account the psychological characteristics of the perception of the Russian language, is free from unnecessary conventions and cumbersome rules, is clear. Zaitsev began testing his method of teaching the Russian language in the middle classes of schools. The result of the test was depressing: Nikolai Alexandrovich was faced with the fact that the students did not understand their native language at all, they preferred to memorize the rules, rather than delve into them. The children, of course, were not to blame. After all, they are used to learning.

Then Zaitsev turned to preschoolers, including the smallest - children from one and a half years old. The methods were adapted for kids - training was reduced to games. And here the teacher expected success. His invention - cubes - was called the "ringing miracle." Children with difficulty learning to read and write began to read in just a few lessons. The methodology proved itself so well that a number of schools decided to completely switch to training according to Zaitsev.

We don't need an alphabet

After observing the children, how they comprehend the letter, Nikolai Zaitsev came to the following conclusions.

To learn to read, it is not necessary to know the names of the letters.
A common phenomenon: mother bought the alphabet, the child learned the letters, but cannot read. His words don't stick.
“The alphabet is harmful,” says Nikolai Aleksandrovich. In the alphabet, a picture is given for each letter: A - stork, B - hippopotamus, etc. The kid will remember both the letter and the picture, but how then to explain to him that the zebra - stork - lizard - heron, flashing in his mind, should form the word "hare". And even if the child did not learn letters from the alphabet, which makes it difficult to remember the names of the letters, it is still difficult for him to immediately realize that B and A turn into the syllable BA. That is why teachers are forced to go to different tricks to show how two letters merge into a syllable.
The syllables are hard to read.
In Russian, a syllable can contain from 1 to 10 letters. If you come across such a surname as Pfeldrt or Mkrtchyan in the text, you won’t immediately read it, but there is only one syllable. Of course, the baby does not need to read such complex words, but even a simple one-syllable word “splash” will cause certain difficulties for a child reading in syllables.
A person first learns to write, and then to read.
It is easier for a child to go to reading through writing. Just like an adult when learning a new language. Provided, of course, that by writing we mean not “scratching with a pen in a notebook”, but the transformation of sounds into signs, and by reading, respectively, the transformation of signs into sounds. Therefore, if you have ever tried to teach a child to recognize the most native words and wrote “mom”, “dad”, “grandmother”, “grandfather”, “Sasha” on asphalt or paper, and then asked: “Where is dad? Where is grandma? And where is your name? ”, then the child did not read, but wrote. He turned your sounds into signs written by you.

An alternative to syllables - warehouses

The basic unit of language for Zaitsev is not a sound, letter or syllable, but a warehouse.

A warehouse is a pair of a consonant and a vowel, or a consonant and a hard or soft sign, or even one letter. For example, SO-BA-KA, PA-RO-VO-3, A-I-S-T, etc. The warehouse principle of reading is the basis of the Zaitsev method of teaching children to read.

Why warehouse?

“Everything we pronounce is combinations of a vowel-consonant pair,” Nikolai Alexandrovich explains. A consonant must be followed by a vowel. It may not be indicated on the letter, but it is there. Our ancestors felt this and put “yat” at the end of nouns ending in a consonant. Say, for example, the word: “o-a-zis”, holding your hand on your throat, and you will feel the force of the ligaments before “o” and before “a”, or, according to Zaitsev’s terminology, “the muscular effort of the speech apparatus”. This very effort is the warehouse.

Warehouses on cubes

The baby sees warehouses not in a book, not on cards, but on cubes. This is the fundamental point of the Zaitsev system.

Why cubes?

Reading requires the work of analytical thinking (letters are abstract icons; the brain converts them into sounds, from which it synthesizes words), which begins to form only by school. That is why we and our parents at this age began to learn to read.

The lack of analytical thinking is compensated in the child by a heightened perception of the signals that the sense organs supply to him. Therefore, Nikolai Alexandrovich Zaitsev relied on vision, hearing and tactile sensations. He wrote warehouses on the faces of the cubes. He made the cubes different in color, size and sound that they make, so each time they are accessed, different channels of perception are turned on. This helps children to feel, rather than understand, the difference between vowels and consonants, voiced and soft.

Using these cubes, the child makes up words and begins to read them. Zaitsev's idea is simple: what is good to show, you don't need to talk about it for a long time (it's better to see it once). Children must first be interested in showing the subject of study, let it play, and then sum up the definition. This is how the holy law of learning is observed: from the concrete-figurative through the visual-effective to the verbal-logical.

Zaitsev Cubes. What are the cubes

There are 52 cubes in the Zaitsev Cubes set (seven of them are repeated to build the words PA-PA, MA-MA, DYA-DYA and the like, which are closest to the child, especially at first. The cubes are divided into large and small, single and double, golden, iron-gold, wooden-gold.There is one white die with punctuation marks.Also the dice are different in color.

Large ones are cubes with solid warehouses. Small - cubes with soft warehouses. However, Nikolai Alexandrovich strongly disagrees with the definition of “soft-hard”: what is hard and soft here? But there is a big one and a small one! Compare how your mouth opens when you say BA or BYA.

Large and small cubes come in different colors and with different fillings.

Double - these are cubes glued together, with consonants that are combined - "friendly" - not with all vowels. For example, F (F) - ZHA-ZHO (SAME) - ZHU-ZHI-ZHE. Options such as “zhy”, “shy”, “chya”, “schya” are simply excluded.

Iron - cubes with sonorous warehouses. Wooden cubes - with muted warehouses. Gold - cubes with vowels. Iron-wood - used for warehouses with solid signs. Wood-gold - for warehouses with soft signs. The white die is used to indicate punctuation marks.

The letters on the cubes are written in different colors: vowels - in blue; consonants - blue; hard and soft sign - green.

Many teachers and parents are confused by this coloring, because the school adopted a completely different one: consonants are blue or green, vowels are red. So, the baby will have to be retrained. However, the author of the method claims that the avoidance of red-blue-green combinations allows avoiding the color “tornness” of words, and therefore children immediately begin to read fluently, without hesitation.

Getting ready for classes step by step. We glue the cubes

There are three types of Zaitsev cubes: standard unassembled, assembled and plastic. The cubes from the standard (unassembled) set include blank cubes that you need to glue yourself. You can do this fascinating business in the dead of night, while your beloved child is sleeping. But imagine what the first action will be performed by a small child who receives a cube with some kind of rattles or noisemakers inside? Right! He will tear it apart. And if you glue the cubes together, such a temptation will not arise, because it is already clear what is inside.

Think about strengthening the cubes in advance. To do this, you can insert another one, almost the same in size, cut out of thick cardboard inside the cube.

You can glue the cubes with Moment glue. If not, then you can use PVA glue. In the process of drying the glue, pull the cube with bank rubber bands so that it does not part.

Be sure to protect the cubes - glue them on all sides with tape. Before starting gluing, you can laminate the scan or wrap it with thermal film, and after assembly, also glue the corners of the edges with tape.

After pasting with adhesive tape or thermal film, the cubes can glare in bright light, then it is necessary to make sure that the child is clearly visible every time, looking at the cube from his point of view - literally sitting in his place.

We hang tables

It is advisable to first cut the tables included in the set of Zaitsev cubes along the line shown along the edges. Then, aligning the edges of the parts of the table, glue them with glue or tape. If you hang parts of the table without gluing, then in the process of training, they may begin to “disperse”.

It is also desirable to wrap the tables with thermal film. Thanks to this, they will not tear or get dirty during use.

In Zaitsev's book and in the manual attached to the set of cubes, it is written that it is desirable to hang the tables high, the lower edge at the level of an adult's head or higher. However, these recommendations are based on the fact that Zaitsev's cubes are mainly used in a group (the author of the technique himself worked only with groups of children). If you hang the tables low, the children will block each other's writing. But if you study at home, then you have one listener - your child. In addition, classes begin in groups at 3-4 years old, and at home, a mother can study with a two-year-old or even a one-year-old baby. Such a baby simply will not be able to see anything on a highly hung table. Therefore, at home, hang the tables so that the baby can reach the top edge of the table with the handle raised up. When he grows up, lift the table - the child should reach for it, and not bend over.

And one more important note. For a very small child, the table is too large. To see several warehouses drawn at different ends of the table, he needs to either move far away (then he will not be able to show them), or run back and forth along the table. Best of all, if you have such an opportunity, hang the table in the corner of the room, bending it in half. Then the baby will be able, standing in one place, to easily reach any edge of the table with his hand.

It is desirable to place tables in the place where the baby happens most often, that is, in his room. But if there is no space at all, then you can place them in another room, in the hallway or even in the kitchen.

Wall charts are just as important as cubes, don't neglect them. The author of the technique himself, Nikolai Zaitsev, is very proud that when working with tables, his vision does not deteriorate, but sometimes it even improves, because the eyeball is always in motion, looking for warehouses.

Learning to sing

It is necessary to learn them, because together with your child you will not pronounce the warehouses drawn on the cubes, but sing them. According to Nikolai Alexandrovich, learning to read with singing is much more effective, interesting and more fun than without it. And some children at a tender age cannot be taught to read otherwise.

Bringing Cubes to Life

We play cubes

Now the child comes into play. All cubes with warehouses are available to the child immediately and forever. Do not be afraid that the baby will get confused. Accurate systematization allows you to quickly catch the patterns of the language, without littering the child's head with any kind of "scientific". To begin with, let him choose the cube that he liked more than the others. Take it and, turning to the child with the side that you call, sing all the warehouses. Now let the baby choose a large wooden cube. Then small. Gold. Iron. When all types of sizes and sounds are mastered, you can sing a column of warehouses according to the table to the baby and offer to find a cube with the same singing. So at the same time he will master both warehouses and their classification.

You stand at the table, take a pointer in your hands and begin to sing. Please note that you need to articulate warehouses well, show the child that the sounds are different: big and small, sonorous and rustling.

For clarity, you can move: stand on tiptoe or squat, spread your arms, etc.

It is very important to breathe life into the cubes. Come up with names for the cubes: here is the big daddy cube B-BA-BO-BU-BE-BE, and here is the small baby cube B-BY-BE-BY-BE-BE. Double dice are grandparents.

Let's start writing

Do not be afraid if the child is not yet able to hold a pen in his hands. Do not write with pen on paper. The kid will lead a pointer or finger along the table, singing: “Ba-bo-bu-by-be, Ma-sha, mo-lo-ko.” After all, he needs to understand how words are composed, take them apart and reassemble them. And, of course, you need to write with the help of cubes, making words out of them.

Start writing with what is dearest to the child - with the name. By the way, you can write KO-LA, but better - NI-KO-LA-Y A-LE-K-SE-E-VI-CH (the child will be glad to feel big). Then make up the names of toys, the names of loved ones. Having collected the word MAMA at one end of the room, GRANDMA LISA on the table, and UNCLE PETYA by the window, start an outdoor game of words: “Hurry, run to GRANDMA! Look who came to us - UNCLE PETIA! Meet him! And now MOM is calling you with her! In this way, it is possible to teach reading in motion without sacrificing vision and posture for literacy. Please note that we do not teach a child to read or write with the help of cubes, we just play.

Not enough cube! What to do?

Indeed, for writing certain words, there are not enough cubes that are in the set. For example, you want to write the word BANANA, and we only have one cube with warehouses HA and H (the NU-NO-NA-NE-NS-N cube) and it is impossible to rotate it with two faces at the same time. Often there are not enough cubes with warehouses in S, M, P, cubes with vowels. What to do? If you bought cubes, do not rush to glue them right away. First, photocopy on a color photocopier the scans of the most used cubes. Cut out the base for them from cardboard. If you don’t want to make anything additional, then write those words that you cannot write in cubes on a sheet of paper with felt-tip pens, highlighting warehouses in different colors, or write according to the table with a pointer.