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Valentine is the name of a postcard or card that accompanies congratulations on Valentine's Day, or Valentine's Day (celebrated on February 14 of each year). It is customary to exchange valentines between lovers, incl. betrothed or spouses.

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Valentine's story

Valentine cards have come into use since the Middle Ages, it was customary to write poems of their own composition in them. Valentine letters began to appear after 1400. And paper cards, cards for Valentine's Day appeared in the 1500s, they were exchanged in Europe. At the same time, it became customary to give gifts for Valentine's Day, as well as accompany them with oral congratulations.
The very first Valentine is considered a letter from the Duke of Orleans Charles, written in 1415. At this point, Charles was imprisoned in the prison (Tower) after the Battle of Agincourt. The young duke wrote the most romantic message of all time to his wife. The letter contained a poem of his own composition. It is he who is considered to be the first classic valentine - a written message with a declaration of love in poetic form.

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By the 16th century, handwritten valentines became commonplace, and in the 17th century in England and other Western European countries, the tradition of exchanging valentines on February 14, even between friends, spread.
In America, from 1840 to 1860, valentine cards made with daguerreotype technology (the forerunner of modern photography) were popular. One of the interesting varieties of valentines of that time was a valentine with a mirror. A mirror was placed in the center of the postcard, in which the face of the addressee of the postcard was reflected, and the text was supposed to contain compliments about the beauty and charm of the addressee.
In valentines Civil war in the USA (1861-1865) there was a place where a lock of hair could be included, there were postcards with a map of the country on which soldiers marked their whereabouts and sent this "hint" to their beloved.

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In the mid-1800s, a new design of valentines appears - with ribbons and lace, gold embossing.
1890-1917 - a new stage in the development of industrial production of postcards in Europe, which began in England (this period of time is also called the "Victorian era"). Now cards are becoming affordable. Postcards, the so-called "penny postcards" (from the English pennypostcards, literal name, postcards cost a penny - the smallest bargaining chip in England) are commonly used. The mass production of valentines began in 1850. Photographic images on postcards became fashionable. In Europe, valentines were made on good paper, with embossed, lace edge.

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Basic valentine symbols

• Red Rose. This symbol of the holiday as a whole and an integral part of valentine cards took root in the 18th century. In the early 1700s, Charles II (King of Sweden) introduced the principles of Persian poetry, the so-called "language of flowers", into European culture. At this time, flower dictionaries began to be published, where semantic associations with different bouquets of flowers were explained. According to these principles, red roses were considered the favorite flower of the Roman goddess of love Venus. That is why, since the 18th century, it has become customary to give red roses on Valentine's Day, and to depict these flowers on valentine cards.
• Heart. The symbol of the heart, as well as the image of Cupids, Angels, doves, is associated with the religious nature of the holiday. These images on valentines became popular at the end of the 18th century, and remain in demand and understandable to this day.
• Doves, flowers and a heart are the main symbols of the Valentine since its inception.

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VALENTINKA Prepared by Elvira Vladimirovna Khvostova teacher primary grades MOU "Volosovskaya elementary comprehensive school"

VALENTINKA Valentine is a card that is presented on Valentine's Day.

The first written valentines date back to the 15th century. But there are different versions of who first wrote the Valentine's card. According to one of them, the creation of the first written valentine belongs to the Duke of Orleans, who was in prison in solitary confinement and fought boredom by writing love letters to his wife. This happened in 1415. The first valentine of the Duke of Orleans has survived to this day. She is on display at the British Museum. According to another version, the oldest Valentine's card dates back to 1477, it was recently discovered in one of the libraries in Great Britain. In this message, the girl asks the young man to prove that he really loves her. She said that she would get her parents to increase the dowry, and he should marry her. February 14 Valentine's Day or Valentine's Day is celebrated in many countries, and Russia is no exception.

The history of the holiday of lovers Day of St. Valentine The Holy Great Martyr Valentine was born in the third century AD in the city of Terni, Roman Empire. Became a priest. In that distant harsh time, the then Roman emperor Julius Claudius II forbade the soldiers to marry, so as not to be distracted from the main affairs. But the young priest Valentin secretly married those who wanted to, and for this he was sentenced to death. In prison, he met Julia, the warden's daughter. Before the execution, he left the girl a letter with a declaration of love. This is where the valentine cards came from. He was executed on February 14, 269. He was subsequently buried in Rome (according to other sources, part of his relics is in his homeland in the city of Terni and in the Church of St. Anthony in Madrid). It is symbolic that the date of the execution of St. Valentine coincided with Roman celebrations in honor of Juno, the goddess of love. Two hundred years later, Valentine was proclaimed the Saint of all lovers. Now this day is celebrated worldwide as a holiday of declarations of love.

Orthodox Christians have had their own Valentine's Day for more than 800 years - the day of Peter and Fevronia. At the beginning of the 13th century, Prince Pavel ruled in Murom. Times were wild, enemies lurked everywhere, and even honest women were often attacked by evil werewolves. So it happened with Paul's wife - an insidious serpent got in the habit of flying to her. Obviously, no one approved such a turn of events. And in a battle of arms the younger brother of the prince, Peter, beheaded the winged wicked. For a long time no one could heal the Murom hero from his wounds. But there was a peasant maid Fevronya, who, in exchange for a promise to marry her, very quickly brought the handsome Peter back to normal. This marriage gave her the opportunity to become a princess, and he - to keep his word and go against social foundations. And only after the wedding, both realized that they had fallen in love with each other until they lost their pulse. They lived for a long time, did many good deeds, and died at the same time to the nearest minute. Meanwhile, in the city and in Murom ...

Valentine's Day is a holiday that gives us a wonderful opportunity to show our creativity. On this day, it is customary to give gifts to each other. Most often, these are special postcards, which in honor of the holiday were named Valentines. They can be easily found in any store, but it is much more interesting and tempting to do it yourself. All you need is colored paper, scissors and some imagination.

We make a valentine ourselves:

You can glue your photos to the back of the hearts. Valentine ″ You and me ″ Valentine card "Winged"

You can make tons of valentines from paper clips

You can decorate the wall with hearts

You can make a cup of coffee with valentines and an egg and sausage in the shape of a heart.

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JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

We were tasked with preparing creative project on the topic of interest to us, using the knowledge and skills gained in technology lessons. Since we are engaged in the manufacture of various crafts, we were carried away by the idea of ​​making crafts for Valentine's Day. There is a wide variety in stores greeting card, souvenirs, soft toys, but they all cost a lot of money, and they are quite simple in execution. The holiday "Valentine's Day" is approaching, and we are given the opportunity to let our imagination run wild. We decided to describe one of the ideas in this project.

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TARGETS AND GOALS

Objectives: To organize a variety of educational and extracurricular developmental activities of schoolchildren, to broaden the horizons of students in the process of implementing the project. Improve your creativity. Improve psychological processes - perception, imagination, memory, thinking, speech. To form such qualities as independence, breadth of interests, enterprise. Tasks: To consolidate and expand your knowledge of the subject for their successful application in practice. Realize opportunities and creativity in the implementation of the project. To foster a technological culture in the organization and implementation of the project. Develop an original craft and technical documentation for it.

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PRECAUTIONS FOR SELECTING A PRODUCT MODEL

Officially Valentine's Day has existed for more than 16 centuries, but the holidays of Love have been known since the times of ancient pagan cultures. For example, the Romans in mid-February celebrated Lupercalia, a festival of eroticism in honor of the goddess of love Juno Februata. And in Russia there was a holiday of lovers, only it was celebrated not in winter, but at the beginning of summer. It was associated with the legendary love story of Peter and Fevronia and is dedicated to Kupala - the pagan Slavic god, the son of Perun. However, paganism is pagan, but the holiday also has a specific "culprit" - the Christian priest Valentine. This story dates back to around 269, when the Roman Empire was ruled by Emperor Claudius II. The tradition of giving gifts on this day grew stronger every year and for some it has become a fairly successful business. For example, at the beginning of the last century, it was customary for Americans to send marzipans to their brides, which were quite expensive.

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Selection of materials and equipment

After discussing the problem with materials and fixtures, we decided that for making a gift, you can use leftover threads, a balloon, an empty plastic bottle, a button, a piece of cardboard, foam soles for slippers, used colored wrapping paper, etc. Tools and fixtures. To make the product, we need threads, pins, scissors, PVA glue, double-sided tape, a piece of steel wire, pink nail polish, etc.

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Economic feasibility study, cost calculation.

Material costs.

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Safe work rules

Hazards at work: Injury to fingers from a needle or pin, Injury to the hand from scissors, Injury to the eyes. What you need to do before starting work: Count the number of needles and pins in the needle bed, Put tools and accessories in the space provided for them. What to do during work: Be attentive to work. Putting a thimble on your middle finger right hand so as not to prick him. Drive needles and pins only into the needle bar. Lay scissors with closed blades pointing away from you. Pass scissors only with closed blades and rings forward. What needs to be done at the end of work: Count the number of needles and pins in the needle bed (there should be the same number as before starting work). Clean up the workplace.

Safety instructions for manual work

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Environmental justification

We tried to do our job accurately and efficiently. The work used materials that do not pose a threat to human life and the environment. When creating our product, we took care not to damage the environment. We believe that we have coped with our task, and we hope that "our production" will release many more gifts for different holidays!

Goals and objectives of the master class: Acquaintance with the history and traditions of the greeting card. Acquaintance with the history and traditions of the greeting card. Acquaintance with the history of the emergence of valentines. Acquaintance with the history of the emergence of valentines. Training in the techniques of making and decorating a greeting card - "Valentine". Training in the techniques of making and decorating a greeting card - "Valentine".

History and traditions of the greeting card. The first mention of postcards dates back to about 500 BC. In those years, postcards were sheets of papyrus, which were regarded by Egyptian and Chinese cultures as a message of prosperity and benevolence. The first mention of postcards dates back to around 500 BC. In those years, postcards were sheets of papyrus, which were regarded by Egyptian and Chinese cultures as a message of prosperity and benevolence.

In Europe, postcards appeared much later, somewhere in the 15th century. At that time, there was no mail and therefore postcards were delivered to people personally. Because of this, the process of giving greeting cards in Europe was extremely expensive, and only wealthy enough people could afford to exchange them. In Europe, cards appeared much later, around the 15th century. At that time, there was no mail and therefore postcards were delivered to people personally. Because of this, the process of giving greeting cards in Europe was extremely expensive, and only wealthy enough people could afford to exchange them.

A postcard, or, to put it completely, an open letter, in its usual form became widespread at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. early 19th century. Sometimes in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, a postcard was called an "artistic card", meaning the presence on a postcard of an image that was created by artists. Sometimes, in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, a postcard was called an "artistic card", meaning the presence on the postcard of any image that was created by artists.

The best professionals in their field were involved in the process of creating greeting postcards: artists, printers, and later photographers. Among them, contests were announced, exhibitions were organized, catalogs were issued. The best professionals in their field were involved in the process of creating greeting postcards: artists, printers, and later photographers. Among them, competitions were announced, exhibitions were organized, catalogs were published.

The history of the valentine The young Frenchman Charles, Duke of Orleans, is considered one of the earliest creators of valentines, called at that time "poetic or love letters". During his imprisonment in the Tower in 1415, he sent several poems to his wife, who was in France at the time. It may have been the first valentine. The young Frenchman Charles, Duke of Orléans, is considered one of the earliest creators of valentines, called "poetic or love letters" at the time. During his imprisonment in the Tower in 1415, he sent several poems to his wife, who was in France at the time. Perhaps this was the first valentine.

It was possible to buy a ready-made valentine from the 1st half of the 19th century, and it was possible to buy a ready-made valentine from the 1st half of the 19th century. Valentines were made of fine paper and decorated with satin, ribbons or lace and were quite expensive; valentines were made of fine paper and decorated with satin, ribbons or lace and were quite expensive.

Today shops are full of beautiful and original postcards, made in a variety of techniques: metal, silk, holography. Embossed, voluminous, musical postcards have become commonplace. Today, shops are full of beautiful and original postcards made in a variety of techniques: metal, silk, holography. Embossed, voluminous, musical postcards have become commonplace.

1) Cardboard or thick paper 1) Cardboard or thick paper 2) Pink or red paper 2) Pink or red paper 3) Gold-colored paper (you can use paper for gift wrapping - holographic, for example) with an ornament 3) Gold-colored paper (you can use paper for gift wrapping - holographic, for example) with an ornament 4) 2 templates "heart" 4) 2 templates "heart" 5) Scissors 5) Scissors 6) Ribbon6) Ribbon 7) Glue7) Glue Stages of making a postcard

Cut a rectangle out of cardboard that is twice the width of your future postcard. Cut out a rectangle out of cardboard that is twice the width of your future postcard. Gently fold it in half. Gently fold it in half. Make tape slots. Make tape slots.

Stages of making a postcard Cut a square out of colored paper so that it fits less postcard and a square from another paper of an even smaller size Cut a square out of colored paper so that it is smaller in size than a postcard, and also a square from another paper of an even smaller size.

Postcard-making steps Glue both squares onto the cardstock, on the front of the card. Glue both squares onto the cardstock, on the front of the card. Then glue the double heart-shaped template, then glue the double heart-shaped template. Insert the ribbon into the slots and tie it; In the slots, insert the ribbon and tie it. Write a congratulation. Write a congratulation.

Valentine's Day , or St. Valentine's Day

Those who celebrate this holiday give their loved ones and dear people flowers, sweets, toys, balloons and special cards (often in the shape of a heart), with poems, love confessions or wishes for love - valentines

In 269, the Roman emperor Claudius II forbade his legionnaires to marry, so that the family would not distract them from military affairs. But there was found the only Christian preacher in all of Rome, Valentine, who sympathized with the lovers and tried to help them. He reconciled the quarreling lovers, composed letters for them with declarations of love, gave flowers to young spouses and secretly married legionnaires - contrary to the law of the emperor.

Claudius II, learning about this, ordered to seize the priest and throw him in prison. But even there Valentin continued to do good deeds. He fell in love with the blind daughter of his executioner and healed her. And it happened like this: before the execution, the young priest wrote the girl a farewell note with a declaration of love, signed: "From Valentine." Having received this news, the jailer's daughter regained her sight. Valentine was executed on February 14, 269. Since then, people have been celebrating this day as a holiday for lovers.

• Cut a heart out along the outer contour.

Circle on paper or cardboard.

• Cut out the pattern along the second contour. Circle on paper of a different color.
• Cut out the inner pattern. Make a heart in the third color.
• Glue the heart from three layers.
• Draw a face.
• Glue the handles and legs from the strips

accordion-pleated paper