For three years I had to live in a country house without centralized power supply and during that time it was possible to establish an autonomous energy system that allows you to live and work the family at any time of the year.

In modern life, many seek to build country houses and, if possible, carry out more time. At the same time, the energy sector of the suburbs develops weakly, the equipment in a highly worn condition, the wires steal, shutdowns for an indefinite period (as a rule, then the code is most of all) have become familiar.

The forecast of the development of the situation is most likely pessimistic - the situation will only worsen, and the electricity will go to go ...

Those who do not want to wait "By the sea of \u200b\u200bweather", this material is facing and hope to find like-minded people. Here are some considerations and descriptions achieved.

The task of autonomous power supply can be solved by two fundamentally different ways:

• installation constantly (when necessary) working, which ensures all the need for electricity;
• creating an integrated power supply system that can include a power plant, but working only when you need a high power or other sources of energy exhausted.

The first method has the advantage, which allows not to solve many tasks and makes it possible to use standard technical solutions, but has several contraindications:

• a power station has a large engine testing, a small fuel consumption, intended for round-the-clock operation in a non-servant mode, which does not create radio interference, noise and vibrations, and therefore expensive (although some of these problems can be reduced on their own);
• need fuel repository and at the fireproof;
• to install the power plant, a special room is needed, allowing to partly hide the shortcomings of available power plants. having a good foundation, thick walls, exhaust ventilation, leaving in the sky exhaust pipe;
• to eliminate unpleasant odors, it is desirable to install a sufficiently high exhaust pipe, but during operation in winter it will have a problem that consists in the fact that most of the pipe will not warm up the dew point and as a result, after stopping the power plant, the water gathered in the pipe will freeze and close Pipe.

This problem can be solved by setting the drain crane pipe at the bottom point from which the condensate before turning off the power plant or (and) ensuring the thermal insulation of the entire pipe.

Reduced fuel costs can be transferred to a power plant from liquid fuel to gaseous, which simultaneously reduces the toxicity of exhaust gases, but this method is applicable only for four-stroke engines.

All listed considerations were used when installing the AB -4 power station, which is largely inferior to imported, but also has large advantages: low cost, inconspandollability to operating conditions, large motor testing, available parts - It uses the engine (or rather its 1/2 part) from 30 - strong "Zaporozhets". A car starter and battery is easily mounted on AB -4, as a result of which a convenient power plant is obtained, which the child can start. AB -4 was installed in an extension to the garage and a portion of the cooling flow of air (her air cooling) in winter is served in the garage. The exhaust pipe 3/4 "is connected to the power station with a segment of the corrugated pipe from a stainless steel, and a car silencer is mounted in front of the room on the wall of the room. As fuel used gas propane in cylinders of 50 liters. PC -4 power is enough to work any power tools, including electrical welding. But it is not constantly used. With all the tricks, the noise level is noticeable in the evening in the evening, and in winter, when the windows and doors are closed in the house nothing can be heard. In addition, in fact, such power is not needed, and the use of a power plant is practically at idle very impractical - wear is still underway and the efficiency tends to zero.

Therefore, I was implemented by a more complex option corresponding to the second method.

To begin with, some existing stereotypes were questioned:

1. The current must be variables. This statement is imposed on the manufacturers of electrical equipment during the time when the only way to change the voltage was using the transformer. Now, when most of the devices have non-informator power supplies - they are still a constant current supply or variable. The simplest way to check whether your device is suitable for a direct current is suitable - make sure that the autoportal is available or ask the specialist. Naturally, all incandescent bulbs, electric heating devices and devices with collector engines are perfectly suitable for DC. Carefully reading the existing home appliances, you will make sure that the problems occur only with asynchronous engines, daylight lamps, televisions (in part of the kinescope demagnetization system) and refrigerators. All these problems are overcome. And therefore, in my house, I paved two electrical strokes: constant and alternating current. Both voltage 220 volts. As a result, all lighting and those devices that managed to adapt for DC are connected to the first, and the rest - to the second and operate only in the presence of alternating voltage, i.e. When the power plant works. Such a scheme made it possible to use 12V 12V batteries to be used for electricity supplies of 7 a * h from among the guaranteed power supply of computers used in devices. They are installed two sets of 17 pcs. Akb of this type is maintenance-free, hermetic, not afraid of complete discharge and freezing. They develop a current of up to 30 amps, which at 220 volts gives very solid power. I have enough electricity in them with reasonable savings for a couple of days. But still I prefer once a day to start a power station for two or three hours and recharge the battery. At the same time, you can perform many works for which alternating current is needed.
2. Second delusionthat the refrigerator must be electrical. In fact, in the USSR, even serially produced refrigerators that feed on household gas - propane. On their basis, the electric refrigerators of the absorption type are made: "Morozko", "Inay", "Ladoga", etc. The whole difference was that instead of a miniature burner, an electric heater was installed. If you take such a refrigerator, remove the heating element from it, put the stall from the water-field and the exhaust pipe to output through the hole where the mode switch is set, it will turn out an excellent gas refrigerator, which consumes about one 50 liter of propane cylinder for two months of continuous operation. Naturally, you need an exhaust pipe to take out and abide by other fire safety measures.
3. Third error: Using constant voltage converters into variable - inverters to power the entire network by alternating current brings more problems than pleasure. This is due to the fact that the inverters manufactured now are fulfilled, as a rule with an increase in voltage from 12/24 volts to 220V. Consequently, stocking energy will have to in the automotive battery with all their shortcomings. (Approx. Solarhome: here the author is not entirely right - it is not necessary to apply automotive AB). Such inverters on sufficient power are extremely expensive and do not endure work on an arbitrary load (for example, a refrigerator) (Approx. Solarhome: Also controversial statement - now there are inverters for any purpose in a very wide price range), In addition, that would not be written in advertising bumps on their outlet, no sinusoidal stress, but rectangular pulses to which many electric motors are very bad. (Approx. Solarhome: Also controversial approval - now there are inverters for any purpose in a very wide price range, and non-versoidal inverters gradually go into the past). And the most important thing is in the conditions of rural areas in the zone of uncertain television reception, even a slight level of interference created by the inverter deprives you of the opportunity to watch TV (and all your neighbors). Therefore, I had to abandon the use of inverters wherever it is possible and if otherwise installing self-made brastransformer inverters 220 - 220, working for one particular load, and not on the entire network. They are inexpensive and no interference.
4. The kinescope demagnetization system in modern TVs and computer monitors is not needed daily. These devices, like the computers themselves, work perfectly from DC, and the magnetization loop must be disabled by putting an additional toggle switch. It can be turned on when the TV is powered by alternating current and turn off at constant (Approx. Solarhome: Apparently, this problem is also practically in the past, since televisions and monitors on the kinescopes are almost no longer used - they are replaced by liquid crystal monitors, also feed on with constant voltage).

To get the final idea of \u200b\u200bthe created system, it must be added and the solar panel. True, these parts require more refinement, but still perform their function.

The wind generator charges the battery around the clock (when there is a wind), so that the output of the Akb is fully charged. The wind generator is made completely independently because everything that is offered by the industry carries the desire for gigantism and is poorly adapted to life (Note: Now it is not so - you can find inexpensive and high-quality Chinese production, which are much more effective than the authorized by the author of the carousel windmill). Therefore, the wind velocity is made of a carousel type of fiberglass on epoxy resin and its size is small - 1 * 1.5 m. Such a wheel forces to make and install any technically prepared person. It does not create transitions of radio signals and noise. The installation site is the roof of the roof - the least available for foreign and most accessible for wind. In the perspective of the wheels there will be several standing nearby. Small wheel sizes determine its low power, but also a low wind load on rafters and lack of vibrations. Of course, the power removed from the wheel is small - on average about 30 W, but it is an average - power depends on the wind speed cube. Twice the wind speed - eight times more power. And do not forget that the generator is not used for nutrition, but only for charging the battery. As a generator, a converted car generator is used as an excitation instead of the excitation winding, constant magnets are installed, and the stator winding is revealed by a thin wire. This makes it possible to obtain an acceptable efficiency, because It does not spend very significant power to excite. The voltage spent highly changing from the wind speed is straightened and converted to 220 volts voltage. The wind velocity is connected to the generator with an increase in 1: 5 gearbox and this is a big drawback. I would like to remake the generator, setting more powerful "rare earth" magnets in it and desirable by increasing the number of poles, then you can get a higher efficiency and efficient operation with very small winds without a gearbox. (approx. Website - instead of a carousel type turbine, it is better to use a Savonius type turbine, or propeller - in the latter case you can safely do without a gearbox and significantly increase the efficiency of wind energy use - almost 2 times)

Solar battery can be well complemening the windmill for the same purposes, but with it all the same problems: what is supported very expensive and has a low voltage. Experiments with a 12 volt low-power battery showed that with a cloudless sky, you can count on 12 volts 0.1 amps, which is quite enough if you install 20 pcs. such batteries, but where to take them as reasonable from the point of view of the buyer? (approx. Solarhome - From the moment of writing the article, the situation in the root changed - you can find any satisfaction with an acceptable price)

The stated considerations and the results of experiments show that with those or other difficulties the task is solved even in handicraft conditions, it is only necessary to break away from traditional ideas. Of course, these are not serial samples, but your work is performed for more than one year.

In conclusion, I want to recall that in the opinion of a large number of independent experts and mine, too, the situation in the energy industry will constantly complicate and the share of autonomy did not harm anyone.

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Today, electricity in the country house no longer belongs to the excesses: comfortable rest and effective care for the site is difficult to imagine without the appropriate equipment, so thinking about the power supply sooner or later will have to.

Naturally, in this process there are many nuances, and therefore we strongly recommend that you familiarize yourself with this article. Of course, all subtleties will not reveal, but the general idea of \u200b\u200bthe scale of the upcoming work you will receive.

Where to get?

Traditional sources

And if limited only by traditional technologies, then the power supply schemes can be allocated only two:

• Centralized - Plot "Put" from the power line passing at a relatively short distance.
• Autonomous - generator protrudes as a source.

Consider both options in more detail.

• If we talk about the use of centralized power supply, then the main plus is quite high power provided. So, in this case, you can even organize the heating of cottages by electricity, without waking up on the fuel for the generator.

• On the other hand, the process of connecting to LEP is associated with very tedious bureaucratic procedures. Even if the wires are laid relatively close, problems may arise during the matching stage.

Note! Unauthorized connection to the LAM is an offense, and when you detect a similar fact, you will have to pay a considerable fine. It is also worth remembering that such work should be performed exclusively professionals with the corresponding tolerance level.

• Rent a diesel generator for giving or buying such a device can provide you with energy, regardless of the location of the site. Yes, this technology is more costly from a financial point of view, but so you can be sure that the light in the house and the site will not disappear even during the weather (wire breaks, especially in remote areas - are not uncommon).

• Another option of autonomous power supply is the installation of a gas generator. Of course, the price of the device will be higher than that of the diesel installation, and only experts can serve it, but the cost of kilowatt energy will be significantly lower.

As a result, the optimal instruction will be as follows: if you can - connect to the power line and use its power, but just in case we install the generator with a small fuel reserve in the house or shed. If there is no connection capabilities - we simply buy a more productive generator, and we design the electricity of the site with a loan to the installation performance restrictions.

Alternative sources

However, modern technologies allow you to get electricity to freebies for giving. Under the "freebie" in this case there is a complete or practically complete independence from energy prices. Of course, alternative equipment itself must be purchased, and for quite a lot of money, but over time (from two to five years) it pays off, and then works "in a plus".

Several most effective technologies can be allocated, and their features we have reduced the table:

However, such free energy supply is quite capricious. No wind or the sun went over the clouds for the whole day - and you will have to sit in the dark! That is why experts strongly recommend setting such installations with capacious batteries, and hold as a minimum of a small diesel generator as a backup power supply.

Features of the installation of the electric grid

If sources are increasingly less clear, we turn to the rules for arranging the power grid itself:

• Installation of wiring and electrical appliances in the summer house can be performed with their own hands, but it is better to entrust the electrical specialists to the highway or the generator.
• At the entrance to the house, be sure to install a shield with a meter. Also, every branch of the wires we connect to the shield through the RCO - automatic circuit breaker. The use of such fuses can protect the system from voltage drops and short circuits.

Tip! If you are often in departures, that is, it makes sense to equip the remote inclusion of electricity in the country. To do this, in the panel by mounting a special module with a GSM receiver, which activates the entire system by signal from a mobile phone. It is especially convenient to use such a managed block in the winter: to your arrival, the heating devices will just have to warm the air.

• When using generators, it is necessary to carefully calculate the power of all instruments included in the network. For example, heating the cottage house with electricity may require the installation of a separate generating installation, otherwise the fall and winter will have to choose: either we have batteries or light bulbs.
• Country houses from the block - containers, frame structures and log buildings are distinguished by high flammability. To reduce the risk of fire, all wiring should be laid in non-combustible, preferably metal, boxes.

Without reliable power supply, the normal operation of communications and life support systems of private houses is impossible. This is especially true for pumping systems for water supply and other equipment. However, it is not possible to connect the central supply of electricity everywhere, so many owners prefer to use the autonomous power supply of a private house, with which all problems are solved. Autonomous systems are distinguished by stable voltage, lack of short circuits, the possibility of complete management of production and electricity supply.

Requirements for autonomous power supply

One of the conditions of normal life support of the private house is considered to be stable, uninterrupted power supply to all established household appliances and equipment. Completely these requirements correspond to the sources of autonomous power supply, steadily generating electricity, regardless of any external factors. When choosing one or another option, it is necessary to take into account the degree of influence of autonomous systems on the environment.

The final choice of an autonomous source of electricity is carried out in accordance with the total power of consumers located in the house. These are heat and water supply systems with pumping equipment, air conditioners, various types of large and small household appliances. Regardless of the power of consumers, general requirements are presented to the power supply network.

The total capacity is preliminarily determined, which is compared with the possibilities of the selected autonomous power supply system. It is recommended to increase this indicator by about 15-25% so that in the future it can be increased electricity consumption.

Requirements for the system and its technical characteristics are fully dependent on further use and assigned tasks. That is, it can be completely autonomous nutrition or only the backup source of electricity functioning during the time of disconnection of the central network. In the second case, the duration of the duplicating system during the absence of the main electricity is necessarily established.

The choice of this or that autonomous system should be done taking into account the real financial capabilities of the home owners. The project budget determines the cost of the acquired equipment, as well as the work performed. Many are trying to create autonomous power supply country house With their own hands, however, in these cases, special knowledge of theory and practice, skills of working with a tool, the presence of a certain experience of mounting such systems are required. A poor-quality assembly will lead to the unstable work of expensive equipment and its rapid failure.

Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous systems

The advantage of most such systems is the free electricity obtained by an alternative way. Due to this, there is a significant savings and complete independence from centralized supply.

Thanks to preliminary estimates and design, taking into account the total power of consumers, it is possible to achieve high quality electrical energy produced. Fully excluded voltage drops and non-planning disconnects from the network. The equipment of autonomous systems is characterized by high quality and very rarely breaks and fails.

There are several special programs in accordance with which some of the excess electricity can be sold to the state. The decision of this issue begins at the stage of designing autonomous power supply, where possible excess are provided in advance. In addition, permitting documentation will be required confirming the development of installed quality and in the desired quantity.

Nevertheless, autonomous systems have certain disadvantages, primarily associated with a high cost of equipment and significant expenditure on its operation. Therefore, when choosing the main equipment and additional materials, it is necessary to take into account all the factors so that the system will work for the prescribed period and fully populated itself. For this purpose, it is recommended to conduct regular prophylactic inspection and maintenance With the involvement of qualified specialists.

Each autonomous power supply system has its advantages and disadvantages that are most pronounced in specific operating conditions.

Gasoline and diesel generators

Any types of generators can be used as the main or backup power sources. In the second case, they are used in the absence of electricity in the central network. These aggregates were widely distributed in dachas and in country houses, where there are often interruptions with electricity. With the help of generators it is possible to create a reliable autonomous power supply of a private house, which allows to preserve comfortable conditions in any situation. The modern market represents a large number of gasoline and diesel generators, each of which has certain advantages and disadvantages.

The main advantages of gasoline aggregates are their relatively small sizes that provide compactness and mobility. They are distinguished by low noise, economical fuel consumption, easy start of the engine in the cold time. Great importance It has a relatively low price. Some benzogenerators are equipped with fuel tanks with a larger volume, protective covers from noise and weather, starters and system.

As a disadvantage, we can note the weak power of gasoline generators, which does not exceed 15 kW. All lighting devices, household appliances and equipment must have a total power that does not exceed the parameters of the generator. Gasoline units can continuously work from 4 to 11 hours at 100% load. If the load is reduced to 75%, then the duration of work increases. With pre-known high loads, the use of a diesel generator is recommended.

Diesel plants have a higher motor and power, they can continuously operated for a long time. One of the main advantages is the economical fuel consumption. However, compared to gasoline, diesel generators have large dimensions and are much more expensive. For their launch in the cold time requires a mandatory preheating. Such installations have proven themselves in continuous long-term operation, when significant savings of diesel fuel becomes noticeable.

Therefore, when solving the question, which generator choose, gasoline or diesel, you must first take into account specific operating conditions. If the installation is required from the case of the case, you can quite bypass a gasoline unit. However, constant power supply is provided only by a diesel generator.

Pros and cons of solar batteries

The use of solar batteries is possible at any time of the year. Nevertheless, they can only work as efficiently with a clear cloudless sky and directly enter the sunlight on the work surface. In cloudy weather, electrical energy continues to be produced, but no longer in such quantities due to a sharp reduction in the performance of solar panels.

After the electrical energy turned out to be produced, it must be conveyed to the consumer. In this regard, in addition to the batteries themselves, special additional equipment will be required:

• . This device converts a constant current of 12-24 V, generated by solar panels, into an alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz, suitable for the nutrition of household appliances and equipment.
• Set of batteries. Solar energy generation occurs uniformly. In the peak hours it happens too much, and in the evening and at night the electricity is not produced at all. A certain amount of electricity accumulates in batteries during the light time of day, after which it is given to consumers at night. It is not recommended to use ordinary automotive batteries that fail in order after 2-3 years of work.
• Controller. Provides complete battery charging, warns its recharge and boiling.

All components together form a kind of solar power plant. The choice of the necessary equipment is carried out depending on the needs and number of working electrical appliances. Therefore, it is necessary to determine their full list in advance, taking into account the feasibility of using each instrument and the possibility of alternative replacement. For example, instead of an electric kettle, you can use the gas stove.

After determining the minimum load list, the solar panels are made with an appropriate power. It should be borne in mind that the autonomous power supply system of the house with their help does not solve all the problems of power supply. Solar panels are installed not to save energy, but to ensure comfortable accommodation in the absence of centralized electricity supplies. Due to the high cost of equipment, one kilowatt produced energy is also expensive and is approximately 25 rubles. It is several times higher than the cost of electricity produced centrally. Cost reduction is possible only low prices For equipment that in the near future is so far impossible.

Using wind generators

Until recently, wind generators in private homes were more exotic than a constant source of energy supply. However, currently becoming increasingly found in country sites.

The principle of operation of these devices is as follows: due to the wind stream, the blades mounted on the generator shaft rotate. As a result, alternating current is developed. The resulting electricity enters the batteries where accumulates and persists, and then, if necessary, is supplied to household appliances. This operation scheme is simple and very conditional, since in real conditions the instruments and equipment that perform the transformation of the electric current is necessary.

In the electrical circuit after the generator, the controller is set to the AC conversion to the constant, which is necessary to charge the batteries. However, household appliances cannot work on a constant current, therefore, after the battery, an inverter is installed, which performs a reverse operation for converting a DC into variable, with a voltage of 220 volts. These transformations lead to losses of the generated electricity, in an amount of 15-20%. If the wind generator is used in a complex with other devices, the electrical circuit is complemented by an automatic introduction of a reserve that switches to each other as needed.

To obtain the maximum power of the generator blades, one should be placed along the wind stream on the principle of operation of the fluger. For this purpose, the vertical blade is fixed on the opposite from the blades of the end. Under the influence of the wind, it provides a generator turn in the desired side. Rotary electric motors are installed on the installations of high power.

Inverters in private houses

Inverters can only be used as an additional backup power supply in the presence of centralized power supply. In case of disabling the external network voltage, all devices and equipment installed in the house are moving from uninterruptible power supply batteries. After the electricity is restored, all consumers are connected to the external network.

The integrated uninterruptible power source is an inverter that converts a constant battery voltage into an alternating voltage of 220V. The batteries themselves issue a voltage of 12 or 24 volts. During the period of centralized power supply, the inverter reappears into the charging mode of the batteries from the external network. Thus, it constantly keeps the standby mode and tracks the drop in external voltage. In case of disconnection of electricity, it almost instantly picks up the load drop and prevents the instruments.

Inverters can charge batteries not only from the external network, but also from other power sources - generators, solar panels, wind generators and others. Modern inverter installations are able to provide electricity any home household appliances. With their help, the performance of lighting systems, water supply and heating is maintained. It is powered and various communications - the Internet, telephone and others.

For inverters, special premises are required, equipped with ventilation, they do not create noise, do not require constant maintenance. They are more resistant to overloads during switching powerful devices. All these advantages provide stable and impeccable operation of the entire plug-in equipment.

The cost of electricity supplied by central networks is growing from year to year, and its quality does not become better. In rural areas, there are also interruptions with electricity. And today we will look at the options for the autonomous energy supply of the country house.

If, in the city, the problem with ensuring its electricity housing occurs only periodically, then everything is much more difficult with the country house - often utility networks are damaged as a result of natural phenomena and the actions of non-ferrous metal hunters. Of course, it is possible to return to the decisions of the last century, namely kerosene lamps and messengers, in the end, go to bed at sunset, but we are already accustomed to the benefits of civilization that are inextricably linked with electricity. Consider the issue of the energy volatility of a country cottage from unreliable central communications.

Methods of energy supply of their home

The ownership of the house in rural areas, at a significant distance from industrial centers, attractive from the position of silence, clean air surrounded by natural nature. However, there are situations where household appliances in such a house refuse to work due to lower or excessively high voltage in the power grid than the nominal (220 V) - and the differences may exceed 10% set by GOST 13109-97.

The problem with the disadvantage of the voltage lies in a significant length of the wired communications, according to which the homes come electricity - The farther from the TP (transformer substation) there is a cottage, the more voltage falls due to the resistance of the wires. During the day, the voltage in rural areas varies relative to the nominal due to the insufficient power of TP and the power grid - it is lower in the afternoon, since at this time the most consumers of electricity are growing sharply, because at this time consumption is minimal.

Voltage jumps can cause the failure of household appliances - speaking easier, it burns. Modern household appliances, especially European production, are designed for 10% of voltage drops in the power grid, but no more, and in rural areas are quite possible 20-30% of the jumps.

You can compensate for the discharge in the power grid with the help of stabilizers, but in the case of a critical voltage drop (more than 45%), even the best of them will not help. Requires devices capable of providing power supply for household appliances in the absence of electricity from central networks. Their choice is determined by the goals with which the equipment will be used - backup power supply, additional or main.

Equipment for the redundant electricity supply is activated automatically or manually by its owner when the power supply is stopped from the central network or when the voltage is critical in it - it can support the operation of household appliances for a limited time, until the energy supply is resumed.

Additional (mixed) power supply is necessary in cases where the existing voltage in the network is not enough, and households intend to use energy-intensive home appliances.

In the event that the cottage cannot be connected to central networks, as well as with constantly low energy supply, it is necessary for autonomous energy supply equipment, acting as the main electricity supplier.

To simplify the task assigned to equipment for reserve and additional power supply, it will be convenient to divide household appliances in the house into three groups:

1. In the first will be electrical appliances, the uninterrupted work of which is not required and you can do the main source of power supply. These include heating systems "Warm floor" or wall-mounted IR panels, electrosaons, groups of lamps intended for various lighting scenarios, etc.
2. The second group includes household appliances, providing comfortable accommodation conditions for households - the main lighting, air conditioning, kitchen appliances, televisions, audio equipment. Household appliances from this group requires backup power supply.
3. Electrical appliances enrolled in the third group belong to the vital - emergency lighting, security and fire alarm systems, electronic locks, heating boilers, controlled by automatic, well pumps, etc. The full work of the equipment from the third group is possible only with uninterrupted power supply provided by Additional or backup sources are mandatory.

The grouping of household consumers of electricity will make it possible to correctly select the capacity of equipment generating electricity, evaluate the actual needs and not overpay for unnecessary powerful, or acquire a clearly weak model.

Any equipment for autonomous power supply is not able to produce electricity from nothing - it requires the initial resources that are divided into renewable and non-renewable. We investigate the types of electricity generating devices, depending on the resources consumed.

Non-renewable energy sources

Autonomous energy supply of the house using equipment that consumes petroleum products or natural gas and generating electricity is the most popular among country real estate owners due to wide fame. However, only generators on gasoline or diesel fuel are popular, less than the rest are known.

Gasoline electric generators. Small size and weight, cost cheaper than diesel. But they are not capable of supplying electricity uninterrupted - their duration of work is not more than 6 hours in a row (up to 4 months old), i.e. gasoline generators are intended for periodic work and are suitable in cases where electricity supply from the main supplier is terminated for a period of about 2 -5 hours and only from time to time. Such generators are suitable only as a backup source of electricity.

Diesel generators. Massive, dimensions and non-herds, but their power and working resource are significantly higher than that of gasoline models. Despite the significant cost, in operation, diesel generators are more beneficial than gasoline - cheap diesel fuel and uninterrupted work over 2 years, i.e., this electric generator is able to work the day and months will move, provided that the fuel refueling is possible. Diesel fuel generators are suitable as a backup, additional and main electricity supplier.

Gas electric generators. Their weight, sizes and cost are close to gasoline installations of the same power. They work on propane, butane and natural gas, but more productive on the first two types of gaseous fuels. Despite similar with gasoline generators, the period of continuous operation - not more than 6 hours, gas generators of electricity have a larger motor resource, which is an average of about a year. As the main source of electricity, gas generators are suitable with a high reservation, but for the backup supplier of electrical flow - quite.

Cogenerators or mini CHP. If you compare them with the electrical generators described above, have two significant advantages: can produce not only electrical, but also thermal energy; They have a long working resource with uninterrupted use of an average of 4 years. Depending on the model, cogenerators operate on diesel, gaseous and solid fuel. Having significant dimensions, mass and cost, mini-CHP will not suit the energy supply of one house outside the city, since their electric power begins from 70 kW - thanks to one such installation, it is possible to fully solve the issue of year-round electricity and warmth of the village from several houses.

Uninterruptible power supplies on batteries.By and large, theydo not belong to generator sets, since it is not able to produce electricity to independently, only accumulate and give it to the consumer. The energy intensity of the UPS is determined by the capacity and number of batteries in the complex, depending on this and the number of electricity consumers, the battery life of the UPS may range from several hours to several days. The service life of one UPS set - on average 6-8 years.

Renewable energy sources

In the natural environment of our planet, there are constantly or periodically sources of energy, the production of which is not related to human activity - the wind, the flow of water in the rivers, the radiation of the Sun.

Capably converting wind energy into electricity, however, at a fairly high cost of the efficiency of wind generators, it does not exceed 30%. The service life of wind generators is about 20 years, continuity in the production of electricity depends on the intensity of the wind. Considering these installations as a full-fledged source of power supply, only if they are equipped with the UPS, as well as a reserve electric generator (gasoline, diesel) in case of urban.

Solar panels. They absorb the energy of the Sun and convert it into electric. And if the wind blows with non-permanent speed, then the sun's rays light up the land during each day. The efficiency of solar panels is about 20%, service life is 20 years. As in the case of wind generators, it is necessary to recruit the UPS. The need for a reserve generator depends on the intensity of solar radiation in this area - in areas with a sufficient number of sunny days an additional generator will not be needed and they can be used as the main source of electricity.

Mini HPP. The energy of water, compared with the wind and solar, is much more stable - if the first two sources are inconsistent (night, moulderness), then water in the streams and rivers flow at any time of the year. The cost of equipment for mini-hydroelectric power plants is higher than that of wind generators and solar panels, due to a more complex design, because the water electric generator operates in aggressive conditions. The efficiency of Mini HPP is about 40-50%, the service life is over 50 years. Mini HPP is able to continuously provide electricity to several houses at once for a full year.

After reviewing the recommendation on the division of household appliances into groups of importance, it remains only to find out how to select the power of the electric generator for equipment from one or more groups. The simplest way is to summarize the passport power of household appliances, for example: microwave - 0.9 kW; Mixer - 0.4 kW; electric kettle - 2 kW; washing machine - 2.2 kW; Energy saving lamp - an average of 0.02 kW; TV - 0.15 kW; Satellite antenna - 0.03 kW, etc. If folded the power of the listed household appliances, then we obtain power consumption of 5.7 kW / h - whether it means that the electric generator will be required with a capacity of at least 7.5 kW (with a 30% power supply) ? Not at all, because this technique does not work constantly, i.e., it should also take into account its approximate time of work, for example: washing machine - 3 hours a week; Electric kettle - 10 minutes for every boiling water; Microwave - 10 minutes to warm up one portion of food; Mixer - 10 minutes; The energy-saving lamp is about 5 hours a day, etc. It turns out that to ensure the electricity of household appliances described as an example, a sufficient generator with a capacity of about 3 kW, it is only necessary to include techniques at the same time, to distribute the load on time arising from the generator.

The selection of a type of electric generator, especially working from renewable energy, primarily depends on the availability of source fuel resources. For example, for a gas generator requires a stable delivery of liquefied natural gas, i.e., cylinders or a gas golder tank are required, and for effective energy supply with solar panels - a sufficient number of sunny days a year.

Video on the topic

Today, electricity in the country house no longer belongs to the excesses: comfortable rest and effective care for the site is difficult to imagine without the appropriate equipment, so thinking about the power supply sooner or later will have to.

Naturally, in this process there are many nuances, and therefore we strongly recommend that you familiarize yourself with this article. Of course, all subtleties will not reveal, but the general idea of \u200b\u200bthe scale of the upcoming work you will receive.

So that in the country house it was warm, light and cozy, it is worth taking care of the power supply

Traditional sources

And if limited only by traditional technologies, then the power supply schemes can be allocated only two:

Connection to power lines

• Centralized - Plot "Put" from the power line passing at a relatively short distance.
• Autonomous - generator protrudes as a source.

Consider both options in more detail.

• If we talk about the use of centralized power supply, then the main plus is quite high power provided. So, in this case, you can even organize the heating of cottages by electricity, without waking up on the fuel for the generator.

Connection to Wires on the Post

• On the other hand, the process of connecting to LEP is associated with very tedious bureaucratic procedures. Even if the wires are laid relatively close, problems may arise during the matching stage.

Note! Unauthorized connection to the LAM is an offense, and when you detect a similar fact, you will have to pay a considerable fine. It is also worth remembering that such work should be performed exclusively professionals with the corresponding tolerance level.

• Rent a diesel generator for giving or buying such a device can provide you with energy, regardless of the location of the site. Yes, this technology is more costly from a financial point of view, but so you can be sure that the light in the house and the site will not disappear even during the weather (wire breaks, especially in remote areas - are not uncommon).

Even a compact device can ensure the lighting of the whole home.

• Another option of autonomous power supply is the installation of a gas generator. Of course, the price of the device will be higher than that of the diesel installation, and only experts can serve it, but the cost of kilowatt energy will be significantly lower.

As a result, the optimal instruction will be as follows: if you can - connect to the power line and use its power, but just in case we install the generator with a small fuel reserve in the house or shed. If there is no connection capabilities - we simply buy a more productive generator, and we design the electricity of the site with a loan to the installation performance restrictions.

Alternative sources

However, modern technologies allow you to get electricity to freebies for giving. Under the "freebie" in this case there is a complete or practically complete independence from energy prices. Of course, alternative equipment itself must be purchased, and for quite a lot of money, but over time (from two to five years) it pays off, and then works "in a plus".

Stock Foto Windscreen impeller on the roof of the house

Several most effective technologies can be allocated, and their features we have reduced the table:

Extracted energy can be used both for direct heating at home and for generating electricity.

As in the case of geothermal installations, the energy of the Sun can not only heat the house, but also to feed the inverter to provide power supply.

When rotating the blades, electricity is produced, which accumulates in large capacity batteries and can be used to solve a variety of tasks.

Scheme of the geothermal generator

However, such free energy supply is quite capricious. No wind or the sun went over the clouds for the whole day - and you will have to sit in the dark! That is why experts strongly recommend setting such installations with capacious batteries, and hold as a minimum of a small diesel generator as a backup power supply.

Features of the installation of the electric grid

If sources are increasingly less clear, we turn to the rules for arranging the power grid itself:

• Installation of wiring and electrical appliances in the summer house can be performed with their own hands, but it is better to entrust the electrical specialists to the highway or the generator.
• At the entrance to the house, be sure to install a shield with a meter. Also, every branch of the wires we connect to the shield through the RCO - automatic circuit breaker. The use of such fuses can protect the system from voltage drops and short circuits.

Tip! If you are often in departures, that is, it makes sense to equip the remote inclusion of electricity in the country. To do this, in the panel by mounting a special module with a GSM receiver, which activates the entire system by signal from a mobile phone. It is especially convenient to use such a managed block in the winter: to your arrival, the heating devices will just have to warm the air.

To protect against fire wires, we deposit in non-combustible channels

• When using generators, it is necessary to carefully calculate the power of all instruments included in the network. For example, heating the cottage house with electricity may require the installation of a separate generating installation, otherwise the fall and winter will have to choose: either we have batteries or light bulbs.
• Country houses from the block - containers, frame structures and log buildings are distinguished by high flammability. To reduce the risk of fire, all wiring should be laid in non-combustible, preferably metal, boxes.

Proper grounding is one of the security conditions.

• Extremely desirable is the grounding of wires. For this, each branch of the system is attached to the grounding contour, derived outward. The contour most often is a triangle from steel or copper rods covered in the ground and connected to the household circuit with a conductive cable.

Ensure electricity in the house and in the country is the matter of honor of any master. Fortunately, today opportunities for this, more than enough, and we can easily choose what exactly use as a source of energy (see also the article "Electricity in the country with your own hands: from the preparation of communications before choosing a power source").

Electricity in the country: where to get and how to manage
Electricity at the cottage for free: free, autonomous, alternative, video instruction for heating dacha house with their own hands, remote inclusion, photo and price

We publish another article from our guest - Anatoly Scriabin, the author of famous materials about a private house and a country house. Anatoly kindly provided us with this time material about how to make electricity in the house, if you do not have an electrical network connection.

To light up the rooms to be able to use the laptop and the Internet, you need electricity. And if the nearest power line is 100 kilometers, then you only have autonomous electricity in your house.

What ways can I realize the autonomous power supply at home when you need to feed electrical appliances and lighting in the wilderness?

Let's see the possible options.

Wind generators

To receive electrical energy due to wind energy, you can use the simplest wind generators. I will also return to the topic of using the wind generator on its site and write in detail what and how.

In the meantime, it is worth understanding one simple truth - if your house is in the open field, if your house is located on the shores of a large river and stands on a cool tar if a visual perspective opens from your site, that is, there is a large open space, you can receive electricity With wind.

If your house is in the woods, if your site is surrounded by hills that are densely fucked by vegetation, if in your area there are more quiet days than windy, you do not shine wind electricity in the literal and figurative sense.

Only when there is a decent wind load, it makes sense to put the windmill to receive electricity from its generator.

There are methods for calculating wind load, we will still touch them in articles on the site. And in order to understand right now, it is worth it to put a wind generator setup on your site, make simple practical work.

Buy the easiest anemometer, which is measuring the wind speed with the impeller.

Install it on the roof of your house and remove the readings every day. Then, recording these readings within a month and enter the table. Of course, for full confidence, you will need observations in all four seasons, however, and the first month will show you whether it is worth thinking about this question.

Such a simple thing as a household anemometer quickly dispels your illusions about the gift electricity due to wind. Or, on the contrary, will strengthen in the desire to continue further work in this direction.

Solar panels

About the use of the energy of the Sun to obtain the Darm electricity now does not write except lazy. To understand whether you can get solar electricity on your site, you should do the same experiment as in the case of the definition of wind load.

Buy the cheapest charging for a laptop on sunny photocells. Welcome it on the south side of your home, ideally, place on the south scap of the roof of your home.

Connect to this charging the minimum load, such as a cell phone. And see how low-power solar charging copes with the recharging of the telephone battery. Write data for a month all days - solar and cloudy. Write the data even when there are no sun, and it is raining or snow. Even at such days, the earth's surface receives a sufficiently large amount of sun light energy.

After a month of observations, you can shift your "toy" data on the power you are going to use in real life.

You clearly understand which area of \u200b\u200bthe solar cells will be needed to power the TV, refrigerator, washing machine and computers in your offline house.

Accurate calculations will take some time and require computing, but the principle, I hope is clear.

Hydrostation

This path is available only to those who have in the immediate vicinity of the crop or river. It does not have to be a rabid mountain stream, a sufficiently small forest stream.

Just get electricity, putting a turbine into the river, you will not succeed. To get at least some reasonable power, dams will need. However, the construction of the dam is worth temporary and labor costs, and considerable.

To understand whether you need to make a serious carpenter on your stream, build a small dam first, only 30 centimeters high. Put a low-power generator on this dam, which will give you a current, sufficient to recharge a small battery, for example, with a capacity of 7-12 a * h.

Measure the time for which such a small battery is charging. Then, understand that the installation of a more powerful generator will require you to raise the height of the dam, and, as a result, the large volume of earthlings and hydraulic works.

You can find out whether you should hope for the receipt of electricity from the energy of falling water.

These are such simple and, at first glance, the "children's" methods will allow you to understand how much way to go in the process of obtaining autonomous electricity for your built on the severity, at home.

We make your electricity away from civilization
How to make your own electricity using a mobile hydroelectric power station, windmill or solar panels - see the material from the author Anatoly Scriabin on this issue.

No electricity - no heat in the house and many other amenities. Questions, as, and most importantly, with the help of what to make autonomous power supply at home is pressing for many people living away from large cities. In such places interruptions with the supply of electricity - the case is familiar, although unpleasant. Yes, and in the city feature, they are still not out of the hands of the outgoing event. In this article, together with the Site Stroisovety.org, we will consider in detail the issue of autonomous or backup power supply. We will analyze the two most acceptable options, and you already draw conclusions which one is more suitable for your living conditions.

What are the sources of power supply

Autonomous power supply at home: choice of alternative source

The whole problem of the autonomous power supply of the house rests on the sources of alternative power supply, which today is not so much. They can be counted on the fingers - it is a diesel, gasoline or wind power generator, solar panels and batteries. All these sources have both advantages and disadvantages with which it is necessary to figure out first.

Generators. This is the easiest and, you can say a cheap way to provide your home electricity. The operation of the device is based on the principle of fuel combustion, so if we are talking about such an uninterrupted power supply system, it implies the creation of a considerable fuel storage base. At a minimum, in the reserve there should be liters of 200 dt, gasoline or other combustible materials. In this regard, gas electric generators are distinguished - if a gas pipeline is connected, then the problem with the fuel source is solved automatically. Also an excellent solution to ensure the uninterrupted energy supply of the energy is the wind generator, but it has one big drawback - as a rule, such installations have considerable dimensions, and moreover, a whole complex of additional equipment is needed for their work. But later, a little later, in while we consider other sources of backup power supply for the house.

How to ensure the house of electricity: generators

Autonomous power supply at home: solar panels

Uninterrupted power supply: rechargeable batteries

That's all - with sources more or less figured out, now clarify the situation with the device of autonomous power supply systems at home.

Fuel generators: how do systems work with their participation

The main task of a diesel, gasoline or gas generator in the work of the uninterrupted power supply system is to be included in time and provide equipment for the house of electricity. Also an equally important task of this source of electricity is its timely shutdown. How do you think that happens if two counterflow flows of charged electrons face? At least the failure of some devices, and as a maximum fire with all the ensuing consequences.

Based on this, a scheme and an algorithm for including fuel generators to work was developed. When there is a voltage in the electrical network, they sleep quiet and calm bedBut as soon as it disappears, the special relay closes the chain between the battery and the generator, as a result of which he wakes up and begins to produce electricity. Almost the same, only with an accuracy of the opposite, occurs when the electricity is submitted from the central network - the contactor opens the generator circuit, as a result of which it stalls and falls asleep again.

Autonomous Power Supply: Fuel Generator

For such a principle, a backup power supply with the participation of fuel generators is operating. If we are talking about constant power supply, it is still simpler here - instead of one generator, two are used. The second is the backup and turns on to work only when the first breaks. Also there are schemes for alternate inclusion of generators - this approach to the case allows not overloading one unit. As a result, its service life increases.

Costable generators: principle of operation of the system

The autonomous power supply system with the participation of beauty energy generators today is the most difficult. It has an impact of not only the manufacturability of devices capable of producing electricity, but also a huge complex of auxiliary equipment, the appointment of which is to accumulate and process the electrical energy into the current suitable for our household appliances.

The scheme of such systems works on a fairly simple principle, despite the complexity of the equipment used. It can be divided into three main parts:

• electricity source itself, which can also be solar panels, and wind generator, and other other low-power current sources,
• cumulative part consisting of a block of batteries,
• the transforming system, its basis is the principle of operation of the inverter, which is the part of the system that converts the low voltage to the high.

All these parts are inalienable components of the autonomous energy supply system and cannot exist without each other.

What should be the backup power supply

In conclusion, a few words about how to make an uninterruptible power supply with your own hands. Everything is simple here. You will need three components: several pieces of batteries, which are connected to an increase in the tank over a parallel diagram, the charger to them and the inverter. While there is a voltage on the network, the batteries are charged from the charger included in the network, and as soon as the energy disappears, they begin to produce electricity to the apartment wiring through the inverter.

I will say more about the latest devices - there are many stores in stores, and they are calculated on consumers with a certain power. You can buy an inverter with a 300W output power, and it is possible to 4kW. The number of electrical appliances that will be able to eat from this source depends on this power. It should be understood that the more devices you want to feed this uninterrupted, then the more needed the total capacity of batteries. Incorrectly selected container will lead to a quick discharge of batteries.

Uninterruptible Power Source Photo

Here, in principle, all the ways with which you can make autonomous power supply at home. As you can see, the choice is small, but, nevertheless, it is. As for the value of such systems, it may seem to be extended to some people, especially if we take into account the costs of fuel. In this regard, such inexhaustible and absolutely free sources of electrical energy, as the sun or wind, are much more attractive, as the sun or wind are much more expensive, but they are more than the lack of fuel costs for the generator.

Autonomous power supply at home: two ways to ensure uninterrupted electricity supply
Autonomous power supply at home: currently existing ways to provide a house with electricity, their advantages and disadvantages.

Autonomous electricity in the house or free electricity.

How to make power supply in the house completely autonomous? Very relevant issue today. Consider the two main and most affordable energy sources.

Solar energy is pretty stable cyclic energy source. Almost all year round, it is possible that its use. But there are cloudy weeks and even months of autumn. And in winter, the solar clock is clearly lacking and the power of sunlight is clearly not enough to provide electricity to our house.

Wind energy is a very good and very powerful source of energy, but also unstable and unpredictable. It often happens that the week in a row is good "gives" 5 - 8 m / s, then calm for two weeks or more.

And which of these sources to choose? It will be an incorrect question. In this case, as in life, when we apply that, one thing is not working or the effect of this is practically no and the autonomy of the house in the power supply of the house is also not.

If we use these two sources in a single electrical standard, then the electricity is enough for us even with a margin. What is meant under the Unified Standard at home. We have a solar battery, at the exit of which n volt, the wind generator on the terminals of which should also be n Volt, the battery N volt, the primary consumer n volt, the converter, which our n volt converts into 220 volts of the change.

If you have any other source of electricity, for example, Peltier elements, it should have the same n volts. All sources must be collected in a single uninterrupted power supply system of our house. What is the voltage standard to choose 12, 24, 48 volts, or whether it is still. The point, of course, is yours, but it must be one.

Now consider ways to implement our system of free electricity. And if with the first our source of the wind turbine agent, two ways to install it are possible - to purchase ready-made, it is also possible to manufacture it completely or some of its parts for recovery or reconstruction. With solar paratabes, we are fully tied to the single crystal manufacturer, as it is impossible to make a single crystal at home, to translate good semiconductors for the manufacture of ridiculous power panels, it can be recommended only to very young radio amateurs for dating the principle of operation of solar cells. Purchase of finished panels is very expensive, although in the world market for the previous five years, their deposits occurred more than twice, and this was not reflected in Russia and Ukraine, both on the price of single crystals and finished panels. To date, the cheapest panels and single crystals may be purchased in Ukraine in Odessa at a price of $ 1.5 per watt, without the cost of the controller, batteries and the converter. It is expensive or not if we need to charge a mobile phone or laptop, for 100 watts we will give 150 dollars. The price is quite acceptable, but if we need to make autonomous power supply in the house. What power do we need? From 1 - 2 kilowatta minimum number gets more from 1500 to 3000 dollars, but someone and these capacities will be not enough. And in addition, you need more controllers, batteries and converter.

The figure raids such that even a person with good enough will disappear in implementations, such a project. It was much easier to start a benzo or a diesel generator and get electricity while there is enough money for fuel, but for a long time they are enough?

And yet there is a way out. It is necessary to buy solar single crystals bypassing intermediaries at real world prices. For how much you can buy a set of single crystals to a kilowatt solar station in just 400 dollars, taking into account delivery. It is 0.4 dollars per watt. It turns out four times cheaper than the cheapest solar panels or single crystals in Ukraine. The same situation with controllers and voltage converters, the acquisition of a minimum is twice as cheaper. What knowledge and skills will need to purchase? Knowledge of English or ability to work with Yandex, Google with translators or similar programs. For example, I do not understand in foreign languages, but it did not prevent me at all to make the right acquisitions for the prices mentioned above, 100% secure your deal and make a full course for the acquisition of the necessary components and the installation of the entire autonomous power system. You may have a very legitimate question. We installed the solar panels well, and if cloudy or cloudy weather starts, from which my electrical appliances will work in the house and how batteries will be charged. At the very beginning, we talked about a single standard and our wind generator will work here. Of course, the week happens when there is not a sun of the wind, but it is rather an exception to the rule of at least in my region. In this sense, such a week of weather in power supply clearly does not.

Autonomous electricity for private house with your own hands
Autonomous electricity for a private house with their own hands Autonomous electricity in a house or free electricity. How to make power supply in the house completely autonomous? Highly