Comments on the transmutation of elements of the periodic table. Mendeleev never dreamed of it. Scientists have extracted elements that do not exist in nature. The reality of biotransmutation technology
About the presentation of Tamara Sakhno and Viktor Kurashov on January 25 in Kazan.
0:57 Transmutation of chemical elements.
1:38 Obtaining Antimatter
2:02 Disinfection of radioactive waste
2:40 Transmutation of earth into gold
3:11 Anti-gravity demonstration
3:15 Time disruption
3:30 Raising groundwater levels, curing deep oncology and rejuvenating the body.
January 25, 2018, at 11.30.
Victor Kurashov, TRANSMUTATION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS!!! BIOTRANSMUTATION!! OPENING OF THE CENTURY.
Lightning! The world is changing before our eyes.
Artificial production of any (all) chemical elements in unlimited quantities (the entire periodic table). Including unlimited production of elements not found in earthly nature: technetium, promethium, astatine, francium and all superheavy sauranium elements, including the heaviest.
Obtaining elemental protoplasm, anti-elements and antimatter.
The production center is like the energy and resource center of the modern world. The authors of the discovery and technology are Viktor M. Kurashov and Tamara Vladimirovna Sakhno.
1 kg of sauranium superheavy elements replaces in terms of energy capacity all the oil (~30 billion barrels of oil), gas and coal produced in the world per year.
The discovery in fact resets all world capital, any material assets and luxury goods - everything becomes zilch and zero when matter, any elements, metals and energy are easily available and unlimited.
The conference is dedicated to our scientific discoveries, partially reflected in our patent RU 2563511 (priority dated 05.15.14), as well as in our scientific articles in printed publications in the USA, Canada and Germany.
Our previous discovery on this topic aroused great interest and resonance in the world, there were publications about us in the press of the USA (Geopolitics, Veterans Today) and other countries (La cause du people, Times in Europe), about three hundred million views on different resources (a good warm-up for the public before the main epoch-making statement and the beginning of change...).
This press conference on January 25, 2018 will be dedicated to new, even more significant discoveries and technologies of V.M. for humanity. Kurashova and T.V. Sakhno, which have not yet been presented.
The production and presence of superheavy elements is patented, instrumentally recorded in independent analytical laboratories on various modern instruments (for example, on mass spectrometers in November and December 2016 at two Institutes of the Kazan Federal University, and in others).
At the press conference, analysis protocols, elements themselves that are absent in earthly nature and in modern science and industry, anti-matter and elemental protoplasm (proto-elements) will be demonstrated.
Various global effects of superheavy elements (supermass) and antimatter will also be announced.
These effects, of course, were not known until now, because humanity (and even researchers) did not have these elements in small quantities, nor in quantities larger than a few atoms.
For example, what happens:
1. Education and receipt of any elements, incl. as many metals as needed (Periodic table, like a self-assembled tablecloth).
2. Annihilation of any radioactive elements and isotopes with the disappearance of them, for example, ruthenium-106 on the territory of Russia. Disappearance of radiation.
3. Induced transmutation of large areas of land (ground, soil), with the artificial formation of rare, valuable and precious metals in it (operations codenamed “Klondike” and “Tablecloth self-assembled”).
4. Restoring the good ecology of past years, cleaning rivers (Milk Rivers), which was done in our region, restoring the biocenosis of the earth (Kiselnye Banks), changing climate and weather (dramatically, as in the fairy tale “12 months”).
5. The effect of rejuvenation of a person (as well as groups of people - the influence of the emanation of superheavy elements that are absent in earthly nature, and antimatter on cells and organisms), healing of internal organs and chronic diseases, including serious illnesses, the emergence of reproductive ability (reproduction) in case of it absence due to age or other reasons.
And other effects - for those interested, see below in the text, section “Effects”.
Production.
Our discoveries and technologies are quickly changing the energy, production, economic (financial) and social picture of the world, as noted by many publicists, experts, scientists, and financiers.
The value of these discoveries and created technologies is comparable to the size of world GDP, since they make it possible to synthesize any chemical elements and their isotopes, quickly and in any quantities. Matter management, available matter and elements.
Help to the people and people...
ANNOUNCEMENT IS FINISHED.
Scientific discovery.
We have discovered a cheap method for unlimited production of any (all known) chemical elements and their isotopes.
Including, most importantly, particularly valuable chemical elements, for example, technetium, promethium, isotopes of silver, gold and platinoids, as well as, most importantly, superheavy sauranium elements.
All these elements are absent in earthly nature (they are also not present in the Solar System and in the Universe, according to the research of modern astrophysics).
At the same time, superheavy zauranium elements cannot be obtained by modern industry even in small quantities (they were obtained before us only in atoms) and, accordingly, are not produced by it (i.e., they were not obtained in weight quantities by anyone, except us).
The effects (just a few of many) produced by superheavy elements that we have obtained and are already observable.
1. Incidental production of any (all) chemical elements in any quantities.
2. Colossal energy, moreover, concentrated in a small volume and in a small earthly mass of matter, with the possibility of producing this energy in one place for its easy transmission over long distances.
3. Anti-gravity effect, reducing the weight of objects.
4. Slowing down and speeding up time, speeding up events.
5. Transfer of moisture and water flows, influence on the migration of groundwater, renewal of water in rivers and lakes, cleaning of reservoirs (which has already been done in some regions).
6. Restoring the good ecology of past years and eras (portals), which has already happened.
7. Influence on living matter, rejuvenation of body cells, restoration of the population of bees and fish, obtaining an environmentally friendly harvest, accelerated growth of trees and forests.
8. Human rejuvenation, treatment of internal organs and chronic diseases, including severe ones, emergence of reproductive ability in case of its absence due to age and other reasons.
Fundamental-universal effects.
9. Along with all possible elements of the periodic table, we get their antielements.
Anti-elements carry huge reserves of energy, which are released outward when they are combined with their antipodes - ordinary elements (pairs: sulfur - anti-sulfur, chlorine-antichlorine, nickel-anti-nickel, zinc-anti-zinc, germanium-anti -germanium, technetium-anti-technetium, promethium-anti-promethium, thorium-anti-thorium, uranium-anti-uranium, etc.), and also carry other possibilities that are impossible for ordinary elements.
Antimatter (the state of affairs before our discovery).
According to various independent estimates, the hypothetical cost of obtaining one gram of antimatter is $63.5 trillion; according to other sources, obtaining one gram of anti-matter is expressed in the world GDP figure over 100 years.
For 100 years, according to their calculations, the entire population of the earth must work hard for one gram of antimatter!))).
In Russia, we don’t agree to work so mediocrely, so we get 1 gram, and even 1 kg of antimeteria at a slightly lower cost...:)
Previously, before us, antimatter was obtained in Germany only in the form of antihydrogen in an amount of only 10 atoms (!). Allegedly, 36 anti-hydrogen atoms obtained in Switzerland at CERN (at a cost of $780 million) were unreliable and disputed by the same German scientists who obtained 10 anti-hydrogen atoms.
We received various anti-elements (various! - and not just anti-hydrogen!) not in atoms, but in grams or more, beautifully and inexpensively.
At the same time, we have the opportunity to obtain anti-elements in kilograms, tons, and even larger quantities, which is more than enough for everything.
Relevant.
10. Accelerating atomic decay in a certain region or throughout the world, destroying radiation in a few weeks. For example, ruthenium-106.
Superheavy elements and antimatter are actually capable of controlling all decay in the world, influencing matter, accelerating the decay of unstable isotopes, and stabilizing space.
Now half of Russia has already been “sprinkled” and infected with ruthenium-106; the Urals, half of Siberia, Bashkiria, the Volga region, the Don, and the south of Russia are irradiated and are at risk.
In the fall of 2016, moving from the east, from Ufa, ruthenium-106 crossed the borders of Tatarstan, seeded and sprinkled the ancient Russian-Tatar city of Bugulma, reached the outskirts of Kazan, entered Kazan, where it quickly disappeared, was annihilated and further west, towards Saransk, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir and Moscow, did not pass.)))
Which caused bewilderment and confusion among experts and would-be experts.
Moscow is behind us, we are covering. Now from the East.)))
Retreat, and desk:
- Like my grandfather Ignat Vasilyevich, mathematics teacher, born in 1911. covered it from the West, in 1941...)). (From the first day of the war - as a volunteer, then my grandfather had Leningrad, Stalingrad, Koenigsberg, Warsaw, Berlin, with the corresponding medals - For Defense or For Capture (with the exception of Warsaw - the medal “For Liberation”, such as ally, socialist country) ). And also the Order of the Red Star, medals Our cause is just, For courage and For military merit - this was the most respected among soldiers.) ***
If residents of the corresponding regions wish, ruthenium-106 will be annihilated over all of Russia (like everything else similar and harmful).
Even in the body of people who have absorbed ruthenium-106 and a dose of radiation, in the presence of antimatter and anti-elements, ruthenium-106 (like other unstable isotopes) annihilates and disappears; for in this earthly sublunary world there is no barrier to antimatter. These effects (what's the trick) and protocols will be shown at the conference.
At the same time, already developed and embryonic tumor cells in the body will disappear. –
Anti-elements treat and restore damaged cells in the body.
More details about everything can be found in the materials of the press conference dated January 25, 2018.
P.S. In addition to the press, famous chemists, physicists, philosophers and publicists, sages of the East :), as well as clergy (holy fathers!) :) from three world religions - holy fathers of all stripes will be present at this press conference as guests.
Mail: [email protected]
Phone, WhatsApp and other contacts - upon request, for press workers, TV and independent journalists.
January 25, 2018, at 11.30.
Press conference address: Shalyapin Palace Hotel, 420111, Kazan, st. Universitetskaya, 7, corner of Bauman Street (house 80).
Directions: metro station “Tukaya Square” (Tukay is a poet, “Tatar Pushkin”), exit to Bauman Street, walk – if on foot – along the pedestrian Bauman Street (“Kazan Arbat”) - from the metro exit to the hotel ~200 meters.
Parking at the hotel is free for guests of the press conference and for the press, access from Ostrovsky Street, to the main entrance.
Information about the press conference will also be posted on the hotel's website.
← Old New →
In ancient times and even in the Middle Ages, initiates and sages knew very well about the possibility of transmutation of some elements and substances into others. This art was the basis of such an ancient science as alchemy. But then, with the beginning of the era of militant materialism, it was relegated to the category of “superstitions” and “hoaxes,” despite the fact that alchemy nevertheless formed the basis of such a well-known science as chemistry.
And here, completely unexpectedly, is a sensational statement by modern scientists that the transmutation of substances and elements is possible and can be justified from a scientific point of view. This discovery was made by Russian scientists T. Sakhno and V. Kurashov. A few days ago, the head of this scientific project, V. Karabanov, said literally the following at a press conference in Switzerland:
“Dear gentlemen and ladies, today here in Geneva, a discovery and technology is being presented to the general public that, without any exaggeration, is of epoch-making significance. The essence of the discovery and technology is that an industrially applicable method has been created for converting some chemical elements into other elements and their isotopes We imagine transmutation without nuclear reactors, without heavy water and other similar things that are used today for the transmutation of elements.
We present the transmutation of chemical elements and isotopes using a biochemical method. The economic and civilizational significance of this discovery and technology has yet to be assessed. In fact, this invention, or more precisely, a revolution, opens a new era in human technology. Despite all the improbability, this is a fait accompli.
The authors of this discovery and technology are outstanding Russian chemists Tamara Sakhno and Viktor Kurashev. These are theoretical scientists and practical scientists, representatives of a dynasty of researchers who, through joint efforts, discovered this method of transforming chemical elements. Humanity, represented by the authors, has discovered this method of transmutation of matter, which will change the face of the modern world, perhaps in the same way as the use of electricity changed it, and perhaps even deeper.
The results of this revolution will affect energy, medicine, industry and may serve to create new industries. This will have a huge humanitarian impact. The most important thing is that it is a ready-made industrial method, with the help of which industrial products can be obtained in a few months.”
And here is how one of its authors, Russian scientist V. Kurashov, commented on this discovery: “Ladies and gentlemen, from the beginning of the 1990s we began to develop technology for the transmutation of chemical elements. We received the first results back in 1998. The main work of the research and hundreds of successful experiments were carried out by us in the fall of 2013. Then we patented the work and For obvious reasons, we did not publish our results before the patent was issued. We received patent priority on May 15, 2014. The patent itself was issued on August 25, 2015.
Let's move on to the process. The first component of the process is ore and nuclear waste. The second component of the process are metals of variable valency. These are vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, lead, zinc, cobalt. Any of the above will do, but we usually use iron as the cheapest element. The third component and factor of the process is bacteria.
We typically use iron and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. The main thing is their compliance with certain criteria. Namely: bacteria work on metals, withstand radiation, are adapted to strong salinity of the solution... Further technology: ore or nuclear waste - it makes no difference, they are processed by bacteria in the presence of elements of variable valence in any closed container.
The transmutation process begins immediately and proceeds step by step for 2-3 weeks until we reach the elements we need. But it will continue to reach stable elements if it is not stopped in time. We stop the process at a certain stage, simultaneously identifying the elements we need as they appear... In general, the process is described in our patent. For obvious reasons, some details have been omitted..."
Without delving into the technical details of this discovery, which will be of interest only to specialists, we can safely say that the thesis of materialistic science about the impossibility of transmuting some elements into others turned out to be erroneous. And it was ancient alchemy in this regard that turned out to be more true than the unfounded statements of scientific orthodoxies.
The same can be said with regard to other esoteric knowledge, which claimed that the technologies of transmutation of elements were well known to the ancient highly developed civilizations of the Earth, the very existence of which, despite numerous artifacts and references in the mythology of many peoples, is subject to official history and the rest of science to be questioned.
But this is not the first time in recent history that esoteric knowledge has proven its truth. What, in this case, can be said about those who, instead of scientific activity, are engaged in concealing and discrediting ancient esoteric knowledge in all sorts of pseudoscientific “commissions to combat pseudoscience”? Who are they - the real pseudoscientists? I think the answer to this question is becoming more and more obvious. It is the study of esoteric knowledge. and not an imitation of “fighting at windmills” can lead modern science out of the fundamental crisis in which it found itself thanks to the pseudoscientific activities of “fighters against pseudoscience.”
biotransmutation
Gentlemen commentators! As the author of the article posted here, I earnestly ask: stop criticizing the honest scientists V. Kurashov and T. Sakhno - they recently returned to Russia and intend to work for the good of their homeland. I communicated directly with them, first-hand information.
Their technology is real. In the article, for space reasons, I did not mention some additional evidence of the reality of their development, but they are there.
Unfortunately, Karabanov did not conduct the conference in the best way, and did not show all the materials (spectra, diagrams, etc.) that they have.
But this, by and large, does not change anything. The technology remains in Russia, and I really hope that it will be implemented for the benefit of all the people.
As for the trolls (“this is nonsense”, “they will crush”, “this is not”) posing as scientists, their vigorous activity is further proof of the significance of the discovery made by Kurashov and Sakhno, the importance of their biotechnology. Every event, even the most beautiful and great, is accompanied by noise and debris.
Let us wish these wonderful scientists, hard workers and smart people success, recognition and grace from the state and society - they fully deserve it!
Original taken from geogen_mir in FORBIDDEN SCIENCE. Bio-transmutation - the discovery that scared the Rothschilds
On June 21, a worldwide sensation occurred, which immediately became taboo after its appearance. A group of scientists led by V. Karabanov, who fled from Russia to Switzerland, announced an epoch-making discovery: the biological transmutation of uranium and thorium.
Using this technology, any isotopes can be obtained. Its application options are already proposed:
1. Transformation of nuclear waste from nuclear power plants into harmless substances.
2. Increase the efficiency of nuclear power plants tenfold.
3. Creation of portable energy sources (the size of a flashlight battery) equal in power to industrial turbines.
There are other prospects for biological transmutation.
Have scientists really made a breakthrough in science?
Why is the media silent?
Who forbade the dissemination of information about this event?
The group consisting of Tamara Sakhno and Viktor Kurashov is headed by Vladislav Karabanov, publicist and founder of the Russian Information Agency. Transmutation is the transformation of one chemical element into another. Until now, this transformation has been possible only in very limited quantities using powerful accelerators, which is very difficult and expensive.
According to the group members, they managed to find a radically simpler and cheaper way. Transmutation can be carried out in a bioreactor, roughly speaking, in a test tube filled with uranium or thorium ore, as well as a culture of bacteria of the genus Thiobacillus on a special nutrient medium. In addition, additives containing elements with variable valence are added to the environment. As a result of the vital activity of bacteria, they isotopes of elements heavier than uranium are synthesized. Some of them have great commercial value, and cost thousands of times more than gold, since they are synthesized in extremely small quantities (grams), are in great demand, actively used in medicine, equipment for checking luggage at airports, in industry, etc.
The capabilities of the new technology are impressive - instead of grams, it is possible to synthesize kilograms and even tons of the most scarce and expensive isotopes, including molybdenum-99. The global market for medical isotopes alone is already worth about $8 billion, and demand for them is growing steadily at about 5% per year.
The reality of biotransmutation technology.
Of course, this raises the question: how realistic is biotransmutation technology? It is well known that the very concept of “transmutation” in academic science has a certain and negative connotation.
The technology is absolutely real. First of all, the group members received a patent of the Russian Federation RU 2563511C2 (Microbiological method of transmutation of chemical elements and transformation of isotopes of chemical elements, 2015).
As the patent states, “The invention relates to the field of biotechnology and transmutation of chemical elements. Radioactive raw materials containing radioactive chemical elements or their isotopes are treated with an aqueous suspension of bacteria of the genus Thiobacillus in the presence of elements with variable valence. Ores or radioactive waste from nuclear cycles are used as radioactive raw materials. The method is carried out with the production of polonium, radon, francium, radium, actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, americium, nickel, manganese, bromine, hafnium, ytterbium, mercury, gold, platinum and their isotopes. The invention makes it possible to obtain valuable radioactive elements, to carry out the inactivation of nuclear waste with the transformation of radioactive isotopes of waste elements into stable isotopes.”
The technology is described in sufficient detail; research data on specific raw materials is also attached (these were uranium and thorium ores from different countries), indicating strains of bacteria. The attached tables indicate the isotopes obtained, their quantities, broken down by the days of the experiments.
Another argument in favor of the reality of technology is presence of authoritative predecessors. First of all, this works of our compatriot Vladimir Ivanovich Vysotsky , Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Theoretical Radiophysics of KNU. T. G. Shevchenko, author of the book “ Nuclear fusion and isotope transmutation in biological systems"(2003), translated into English. In it, he not only proved the fact of such processes, but also showed a way biotechnological decontamination of hazardous radioactive contamination.
Unfortunately, despite all its relevance and low cost, this technology has not been implemented in Ukraine. All Ukrainian governments preferred to beg money from the European Union for the construction of another sarcophagus over the Chernobyl station, rather than using the developments of their compatriot, which would clear the territory of dangerous isotopes, eliminating the problem in principle. This is all the more unfortunate because such technology would make it possible to recycle nuclear waste and create an entire industry of biotechnological decontamination - and this would mean budget revenues, new jobs, the international authority of the state and many other benefits. Alas, the Republic of Ukraine showed no more interest in this technology than Russia.
The only positive thing can be seen in the fact that Vladimir Ivanovich and his like-minded people did not have to flee the country, like Karabanov’s group, and even make a scientific career. Today, Vladimir Ivanovich Vysotsky is the most authoritative specialist in this field, with a number of followers (for example, Hideo Cosima from Japan and his work “The Nuclear Transmutations (NTs) in Carbon Graphite, XLPE and Microbial Cultures”, 2015).
Thus, biotransmutation technology is completely real. Although Russian scientists cannot claim to have “discovered” it, the undoubted merit of Karabanov’s group is the development of “custom-made” isotope synthesis technology, for the sake of which they dared to take the dramatic step of leaving Russia, realizing that their developments had no chance of implementation.
“What is being done in Russia does not end well, that’s why the decision was made to leave,” said Vyacheslav Karabanov. At the same time, he emphasized that he does not yet fully understand all the possibilities that the new technology opens up, but he is ready to name some now.
The history of discovery and the question of priority.
The theory of biological transmutation has a history of more than two centuries. In the 20th century, it was actively developed by the outstanding French scientist Louis Kervran (Corentin Louis Kervran, 1901-1983), author of the book “Arguments in the biology of transmutation at weak energies” (“Preuves en Biologie de Transmutations a Faible Energie”), and a number of others published in 1960-1980. L. Kervran held high leadership positions and had a unique education for his time - both a biologist and a nuclear scientist. Wikipedia has an article about it with a bibliography and an indication that “transmutation does not comply with the laws of nature known to us.”
The most detailed historical review of the theory of biotransmutation was prepared by Jean-Paul Biberian, chief editor of the Journal of condensed matter nuclear science, in the work “Biological Transmutations: Historical Perspective” (2012).
In his opinion, not only the 18th century French chemist Vauquelin, but also Albrecht Von Herzeele, a 19th century German pharmacist who conducted more than 500 experiments, can claim the title of discoverer of transmutation in biological objects. Von Gersele's works so outraged the scientific community of that time that his books were removed from all libraries, and only in the 1930s in Berlin were they found and “rediscovered” by Dr. Rudolf Hauschka.
Thus, despite the fact that Russian scientists from Karabanov’s group achieved impressive results and also showed great determination by leaving Russia, publicly declaring the impossibility of promoting advanced technologies in their homeland, they did not make a discovery. The “fathers” of biotransmutation should be recognized as Vauquelin and Albrecht von Gersele.
Transmutation mechanism and connection withLENR.
Concluding his historical review, Jean-Paul Biberian comes to the conclusion that the connection between the transmutation of elements in living nature and LENR (cold nuclear fusion) is quite obvious. Both phenomena are not recognized by academic science, which firmly believes in the insurmountability of the Coulomb barrier, and both directions are developed mainly through the efforts of scientists outside the scientific mainstream. And although these areas do not require significant capital investments and have excellent prospects, science does not recognize them, which is completely unforgivable.
Although there is no generally accepted theory yet, some scientists have put forward their own hypotheses.
“We managed to find a theoretical explanation for this phenomenon. During the growth of a biological culture, this growth is non-uniform; potential “holes” are formed in certain areas, in which the Coulomb barrier, which prevents the fusion of the nucleus of an atom and a proton, is removed for a short time. This is the same nuclear effect used by Andrea Rossi in his E-SAT apparatus. Only in Rossi there is a fusion of the nuclei of a nickel and hydrogen atom, and here - the nuclei of manganese and deuterium. The framework of a growing biological structure forms states in which nuclear reactions are possible. This is not a mystical or alchemical process, but a very real one, recorded in our experiments" (V.I. Vysotsky, in an interview “Nuclear reactor in a living cell?” 2014, http://www.facepla.net/extreme-science-menu/4398-anatolij-lemysh.html)
Hideo Cosima offers his explanation based on the analysis of cellular regular structures in the body. “The bodies of plants or animals consist of cells... Thermal neutrons, of which there are many on earth, can be retained in living organisms... The captured neutron interacts with elements, such nuclear transmutation as Na → Mg, P → S, K → Ca and Mn → Fe are easily explained by nuclear reactions, where neutron capture and subsequent beta decay occur.” (www.geocities.jp/hjrfq930/Papers/paperf/p aperf08.pdf
Possibilitiesbiotransmutation.
The first direction is energy. For example, one of these opportunities is the production of actinium-227, an extremely valuable isotope, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of nuclear power plants by ten times (since modern technologies make it possible to obtain only 5-10, maximum 20% of the energy that an assembly with nuclear fuel is capable of releasing) . As Wikipedia suggests, “due to its high specific energy release (14.5 W/g) and the possibility of obtaining significant quantities of thermally stable compounds, Ac-227 can be used to create long-lasting thermoelectric generators (including those suitable for space purposes).” The cost of actinium-227 is enormous, amounting to millions of dollars per gram.
Due to its exceptional rarity, sea anemone is not mined, but is synthesized in microscopic quantities by irradiating the nuclide of radium-226 with neutrons. The advantage of this isotope of actinium is that it emits relatively little x-ray radiation. In addition, actinides have enormous energy potential: 300 kilograms of actinides contain as much energy as the annual volume of oil and gas produced by humanity. At the same time, sea anemone works for centuries, and does not pollute the atmosphere like oil and gas.
Considering the commercial prospects of this direction, it is not surprising that the members of Karabanov’s group took the name “Actinides”. The biosynthesis of just a few grams of actinium will more than pay for the costs of setting up a laboratory.
Another possibility - obtaining isotopes for nuclear batteries. Now they are used only in space technology. For example, miniature polonium batteries can generate kilowatt-scale amounts of energy for decades. Their spread is hampered by the extremely high cost, complexity and environmental hazard of current technologies for obtaining the necessary isotopes. However, if the problem of obtaining isotopes could be solved, it would make it possible to implement centralized heating systems that receive energy from a compact nuclear installation.
Second direction - processing of nuclear waste and decontamination of contaminated areas. The waste is filled with a culture of radioresistant microorganisms, and after some time they are converted into non-hazardous compounds. The world has already accumulated 3-5 million tons of radioactive waste, which new technology makes it possible to recycle. Decontamination of radioactive waste is the conversion of strontium into zirconium, cesium into barium, and so on. This will significantly protect traditional nuclear energy.
Third direction - radiation medicine. Medicine uses about 40 different isotopes, among the most commonly used are the rapidly decaying technetium-99 and strontium-92. These isotopes are in great demand in the West and are extremely expensive, which hinders the development of nuclear medicine, but still cannot stop it.
Fourth direction - military. The technology makes it possible to create powerful, yet portable energy sources that can power combat lasers, and make them significantly more powerful. Even if the new technology were limited only to this aspect, it would already be of great interest, since it could change the balance of strategic forces on the planet. However, it allows not only to create compact and powerful power supplies, but also new types of nuclear weapons.
Fifth direction - biosynthesis of precious metals. Although the organizers of the press conference did not directly state this, this possibility logically follows, and perhaps could become “option B” for Karabanov’s group.
Thus, biotransmutation technology, which makes it possible to quickly and very cheaply obtain various types of isotopes and chemical elements almost “to order,” has many applications and a powerful “closing” potential (in relation to existing technologies).
Prospects for implementation.
However, one should not think that the world is waiting with open arms for new technologies, no matter how promising they may be. Both Russian and international media, not to mention academic circles, greeted the news with deafening silence. The English-language press release “Presentation of Biochemical Method of Elements Transmutation” was published only by the publication PR Newswire.
The reasons for such silence are quite understandable. Journalists are scared off by the very word transmutation, which is reminiscent of alchemy, that is, something “anti-scientific.” Not a single major scientific journal in the West will accept an article on transmutation for publication unless it is carried out on accelerators. Ordinary scientists and editors of scientific sites are constrained by scientific dogma, which does not allow such things. Finally, this is an area at the intersection of biochemistry and nuclear physics, and there are very few specialists in the world who understand these kinds of border areas. “Scientists, in fact, are inquisitors,” admits Vladislav Karabanov. “Official science has collected the most unsuitable human material. And this is a problem not only for Russia, but also for the West.”
In addition, energy, nuclear power and the production of medical isotopes are areas dominated by powerful special interest groups. The global energy market, estimated at $9 trillion, has long been divided. Entering the 8 billion-dollar market for radioisotopes is also not easy - their production is concentrated in the hands of just a few laboratories, which are, in fact, entire corporations with billion-dollar turnover. The majority of radioisotope patient screening procedures (40 million per year) are performed in the United States. And there is no doubt that these laboratories will do anything to prevent a new manufacturer from entering the market, especially one that will offer goods at dumping prices.
However, Karabanov's group has some chance of success - depending on what is considered "success". It is clear that the group members cannot expect to maintain their independence, peacefully pursue science, promote technology and watch how it changes the world, in anticipation of the Nobel Prize. The corporate world is cruel and immoral, and the methods of encapsulating too advanced technologies have long been worked out: developers receive one or two million dollars by signing an obligation not to work in this direction anymore and not to disclose the fact of the transaction.
Even if the group were able to raise the funds necessary to organize the laboratory, which would be 3-5 million dollars on one or several crowdfunding platforms, they would also need to obtain permission from the authorities. The maximum that it can hope for is to raise some funds among its compatriots abroad, to gain time - to sell its technology as expensive as possible, and perhaps negotiate the opportunity to work on some of its aspects.
Thus, although they named their group “actinides,” the fugitive Russian scientists hardly have a chance of realizing their radioisotope plans. Moreover, the group claiming ownership technology for creating fissile materials, making it possible to create a portable nuclear bomb (using uranium-233 or other isotopes with an even lower critical mass) in a matter of months, has already attracted the attention of intelligence services. The technology is of undoubted interest for the Pentagon, which is investing considerable funds in the development of laser weapons. It is likely that it is the military aspects of the new technology that have the greatest chance of adoption - but also pose the greatest threat.
However, buying up or even physically eliminating scientists is unlikely to lead to the “closure” of the biotransmutation technology itself, since there is such a player in the world as China, with its ambitions and growing interest in science and technology. It is not difficult to adopt biotransmutation technology, given its simplicity and low cost.
The genie of biotransmutation, after many centuries of imprisonment, has come out of the bottle. For better or for worse, it’s hard to say. One thing is clear - the world around us is changing, and no matter how much we turn away from these changes, no matter how hard we try not to notice them, they lead us into a new, unknown future.
Recently a revolution has been made in chemistry and physics. Open method of transmutation of chemical elements using biochemistry. Two brilliant Russian practical scientists and chemists - Tamara Sakhno and Viktor Kurashov - made this world discovery. The dream of the ancient alchemists has come true...
There is such a thing as transmutation. Many people know it from the history of alchemy. It means the transformation of some chemical elements into others or some isotopes of chemical elements into others.
Transmutation in alchemy is the transformation of one metal into another; usually meant the transformation of base metals into noble ones. The implementation of transmutation was the main goal of alchemy, to achieve which the search for the philosopher's stone was carried out. In the metaphysical sense, which also concerns the spiritual sphere, not only material, but also personality is subject to transformation.
Transmutation in physics is the transformation of atoms of one chemical element into another as a result of the radioactive decay of their nuclei or nuclear reactions; Currently, the term is rarely used in physics.
With today's technology, transmutation occurs either in a nuclear chain reaction, when the original uranium-235 is transformed into other elements during an explosion, or in nuclear reactors, when the same uranium is transformed into other elements under the influence of neutron bombardment. Thus, plutonium, curium, francium, californium, americium, and so on were artificially obtained - elements that either do not exist in nature or their production from natural sources is practically impossible.
However, today a revolution has been made in chemistry and physics. A method of transmutation of chemical elements using biochemistry has been discovered.
With the help of chemical reagents and bacteria, most of the known valuable and especially valuable isotopes can be obtained from ore containing natural uranium-238, the price of which is 50-60 dollars per kilogram. It is possible to obtain actinium-227, of which there is less than a gram in the world, in kilograms and even tons. Only this will ensure a revolution in the world energy sector, as it will increase the efficiency of nuclear power plants by 10 times, which will finally end the hydrocarbon era. You can get kilograms of Americium and make a revolution in industrial flaw detection and the search for minerals. You can get Polonium and the earth's satellites will acquire a different quality of power supply.
Victor and Tamara conducted 2000 experiments and during transmutation, from cheap raw materials, they received gold and platinum as by-products. (Hello gold holders:).
In addition, the technology allows, using bacteria and reagents created by Tamara and Victor, to carry out 100% deactivation of nuclear waste. Bacteria transform everything. What previously could only be buried, creating a danger to the environment, can now be 100% deactivated. Moreover, during the deactivation process, transmutation produces valuable elements, including gold and platinum. Both stable isotopes and radioactive ones. By the way, the isotope of radioactive gold-198 is used to treat oncology.
The invention of Viktor Kurashov and Tamara Sakhno was confirmed by the Russian Federation Patent in August 2015 ( See Patent RU 2 563 511 C2 on the Rospatent website). The results were signed by chemistry professors, some of whom saw curium, francium and sea anemone in a spectrogram for the first time in their lives.
That is, I repeat once again - biochemical transmutation is a discovery of epoch-making significance. Moreover, and this is the most important thing, these are not laboratory estimates, these are already Ready-made technology suitable for immediate industrial scaling. Everything has already been done.
Another important fact is that everything was done exclusively with private funds. Scientists for 25 years had nothing to do with the Russian state, making money from applied chemistry related to cleaning up oil pollution. To avoid any questions and the possibility of secrecy, even the ore for research was used foreign - from Saudi Arabia and from the shores of the Indian Ocean.
Now, what do I have to do with this? I am the administrator of the implementation of this project.
It is clear that such wealth cannot be realized in the Russian Federation for many reasons. Let's put aside politics; it won't be remembered at all in this matter. But in reality in the Russian Federation, from the point of view of even philistine logic, it is impossible. Not because the Kremlin, let’s forget the Kremlin and politics. But because it is impossible according to worldly wisdom. Starting from the likelihood of some zealous specialists in the illegal trafficking of radioactive substances appearing on the horizon (after all, a man was imprisoned for bringing a ton of culinary poppy seeds). Or there are those checking, permitting and re-checking. And so on, right up to a travel ban for authors and all sorts of unexpected surprises.
Hence, the decision was to go to Geneva to present this case to the world public ( the conference took place on June 21, 2016). To a neutral country, which is also not a NATO member. This entire operation was organized by me.
This is a world-class event and will be of significance primarily for Russia. Although the implementation may be in Switzerland...
Currently, a large number of researchers around the world are studying the issues of low-temperature (low-energy) transmutation of chemical elements. This chapter examines the work of Russian scientists. They are most fully discussed in the work.
The authors' works are presented. All works have a common concept, since the transmutation of elements occurs under the influence of electric pulse phenomena. The work uses large pulse currents. The work involves conducting an electrical discharge in magnetic and electric fields. In the work, the substance is exposed to powerful nanosecond electromagnetic pulses. The paper investigates the electrical explosion of thin foil in water.
The first in this area is I.V. Kurchatov. The paper presents the results of experimental studies to study the effect of an electric discharge on gases: hydrogen, deuterium, helium, argon, xenon and their mixtures. The initial gas pressures varied from 0.005 mm Hg. Art. up to 1 atm. Basically, straight discharge tubes with a length from several centimeters to 2 m, with a diameter from 5 to 60 cm were used. The strength of the discharge current varied from 100 to 2000 kA, and the rate of its change was 10 10 ... 10 12 A/s.
The recorded current and voltage oscillograms showed that there were kinks in them. There are two or three sharp drops in the voltage, which leads to a decrease in current. During the discharge, the neutron flux and the level of X-ray radiation were measured. It was discovered that during a discharge in hydrogen and deuterium, a neutron pulse appears before the second section of the voltage drop and, synchronously with it, hard X-ray radiation with an energy of 300...400 keV.
It is likely that the first researcher who carried out a relatively simple transformation of a number of heavy chemical elements should be considered B.V. Bolotova. His experiments date back to the early eighties. The proven technology appeared in 1990. The idea of his experiments was to search for reactions with energies higher than chemical (up to tens of eV) and lower than nuclear (hundreds of MeV). The installation on which he did his experiments had the following diagram. The high current pulse source was made on the basis of an improved welding transformer. One electrode from the source was placed in a refractory container with a multicomponent melt. The second electrode was located above it. When currents of the order of 1 kA/mm 2 are passed through the container, transmutation reactions occur. The transformations P → Si, Zn → Ni, Si → C are noted.
In the works of A.V. Vachaev and N.I. Ivanov presents original theoretical and experimental results. Their installation diagram is as follows. The flow of liquid (water or water with filler) passes through a dielectric reactor tube, in which there is a constriction. At the point of constriction there are electrodes, between which an electrical discharge transverse to the flow of water occurs from a capacitor bank. An additional stabilizing current flows along the flow between the expanded sections, which is created by electrodes with holes. The source of this current is a standard electrical network. There is also a magnetic field with the highest intensity at the constriction point. The field is created by a cylindrical solenoid, into which a reactor tube is inserted. The magnetic field at the narrowing point is increased by an additional concentrator. Water with filler is continuously supplied to the reactor by an external pump at a speed of 0.2...0.8 m/s. According to the authors, at the point of constriction, a hot plasma is created and some electrons are separated from the nucleus. The nucleus becomes unstable and begins to divide and combine into new nuclei. Free electrons form an additional electric current in the stabilization channel. The magnitude of this additional current after starting the installation exceeds the stabilization current by 3–5 times. The number of new elements obtained and their content depends on the type of discharge and stabilizing electrodes, on the magnitude of the discharge and stabilizing currents. The typical value of the discharge current is 20...40 kA/mm 2, stabilizing current - 10...50 A/mm 2. At the outlet of the reactor, a precipitation of powder is observed, which contains new elements. These elements are non-radioactive. There is also no radioactive radiation observed during operation of the installation. The longest operating time of the installation was 2 days.
In general, the presence of the following new elements is noted: Li, Be, B, C, Mg, Si, P, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Sn, Se, Pb, Bi. During operation of the installation, gases are released, the composition of which depends on the initial components. Mainly released: water vapor up to 40%, hydrogen – up to 30%, helium up to 4%. The heavy water content at the outlet of the installation is 0.17...0.2%.
Vachaev-Ivanov’s ideas were further developed in the work of G.A. Pavlova. There is a description of the energy-technological complex "Energoniva-2". The complex performs the following basic operations. First, the destruction of solid materials is carried out, which are used as an additive to water. The resulting water-mineral mixture is passed through three reactors arranged in series, the design of which is described above. Solid products after the reactors are separated by hydraulic separation in settling tanks. The water after the reactors is fed to centrifuges, where heavy water is separated. The remaining water can be returned to the cycle.
The complex also produces electrical energy, which must be removed from the installation. The amount of energy received can reach 3 MWh per 1 m 3 of water. When the complex operates, there can be two characteristic modes: with priority for obtaining new elements and with priority for obtaining electrical energy. Control of the complex consists of selecting the discharge power depending on the initial additives and providing a given stabilizing current for the target production of final products.
The amount of solid products at the outlet of the complex depends on the diameter of the reactor. The range of its change from 6 to 50 mm was studied. It was found that the maximum yield of solid products of the order of 300 kg/m 3 occurs at a water speed of 0.55 m/s and depends on the diameter of the reactor. For example, for Ø 40 mm the output is 1080 g/min.
A large number of experiments were carried out at the installation. Iron ores from various deposits were used as additives. Research has shown that to obtain each target element there is an optimal stabilization current: for Zn I = 30 A/mm 2, for Al – I = 18.5 A/mm 2, for Fe – I = 22.2 A/mm 2, for Cu – I = 25 A/mm 2.
For the first time, a proposal to use nanosecond electromagnetic pulses (NEMP) to influence the physical and chemical properties of substances was made in the work. The most complete results are given in.
A characteristic feature of working with NEMI is the use of unipolar current pulses, which leads to the absence of oscillating oscillations in the emitted field.
A NEMI generator of the GNP type was used in the experiments (see Chapter 1). An approximate calculation of the electric field strength for various emitters shows that at distances of 0.1...10 cm, its value can reach ≈10 7 V/m at some points in time.
In a number of experiments, results that were strange from the point of view of traditional chemical concepts were obtained. An aqueous solution of CuSO 4 and ZnSO 4 salts was irradiated at a reduced pH value. To prepare solutions, reagents with a chemically pure index were used. Irradiation was carried out in a glass vessel Ø 90 mm, height 120 mm. A horn emitter with an opening of 60×60 mm and a height of 90 mm was loaded into it. The walls of the horn were coated with waterproof varnish. The content of metal ions in solutions was carried out according to standard methods. Radiation levels were not measured.
The results of measurements of ion concentrations before and after irradiation, in mg/l, are presented in table. 6.1. In this experiment, the strangeness of the result lies in the increase in the concentration of zinc ions by 0.2 mg/l, since there was no evaporation of the solution. Taking into account the fact that the copper content also decreased by 0.2 mg/l, we can assume the presence of a Cu → Zn transformation.
Table 6.1
Irradiation of aqueous solutions
In the next experiment, CuSO 4 and FeSO 4 salts were irradiated. The change in pH of the solution was achieved by adding Na 2 CO 3 and was equal to 7.7. The irradiator and vessel are the same as in the previous experiment. Irradiation time 100 s. The concentrations of metal ions, in mg/l, are presented in table. 6.2.
Table 6.2
Irradiation of aqueous solutions
There is an anomalous increase in the concentration of iron ions, which occurred without evaporation of the solution. We can assume a Cu → Fe transition.
Based on the results of irradiation of aqueous solutions, the following conclusion can be drawn. Under certain conditions of irradiation of aqueous solutions of copper, iron and zinc salts, an anomalous increase in the concentration of ions is observed, which can be interpreted as a transmutation of elements.
NEMI irradiation of metal melts was also carried out. 8 kg of AK12 alloy was irradiated. Irradiation was carried out directly in a crucible made of heat-resistant steel, coated on the inside with a coating based on electrocorundum. An irradiator in the form of a brass tube with a diameter of 14 and a length of 500 mm in a quartz test tube was inserted inside the crucible. One of the terminals of the NEMI generator was connected to the crucible, the other to the irradiator. The temperature at the beginning of irradiation is 780, at the end – 760 °C. Irradiation time – 15 min. Chemical analysis was carried out in a specialized laboratory. The results of the analysis are presented in table. 6.3.
Table 6.3
Chemical composition of AK12 alloy
The table shows that the silicon content increased in almost equal percentages and the aluminum content decreased. The increase in silicon content cannot be associated with its transfer from the quartz test tube. By weight, 3% of 8 kg is 240 g, which is almost equal to the weight of the test tube, which remained without visible changes. In the content of elements before and after irradiation, the balance of minuses and pluses is well maintained: –3.21 ≈+3.16. Based on this experiment, the Al → Si transition can be assumed.
The TsAM4-1 alloy was also irradiated using the above method. The mass of the metal being trained is 5 kg. Irradiation time 15 min. The analysis of the chemical composition was carried out on an atomic adsorption spectrometer "Spectr AA Fs-220" from Varian. The results of the analyzes are given in table. 5.4.
Table 6.4
It can be seen that there has been an increase in iron content. The copper concentration increased slightly and is within the error limits. There is a noticeable decrease in the aluminum content over a short irradiation time. Probable Al → Fe transition.
The irradiation of slag melts was carried out using the method of irradiation of metal melts. Their peculiarity is that in a cold state they are poor conductors of current and have a melting point of 1400 ºС. Melting of the initial mixtures was carried out in a graphite crucible in an induction furnace. Melt mass 1 kg. The melt was irradiated as follows. After melting, part of the melt was poured into a steel tube with a diameter of 18 mm, placed in the molding sand, and cooled there. Another part of the melt was poured into the same tube, inside of which a tungsten electrode was located in the center. One terminal of the NEMI generator was connected to a tube, the other to a tungsten electrode. In fact, irradiation was carried out while the melt was cooling for 15 minutes. After pouring the melt, its cooling began. The color changed from bright yellow to dark red. After 1.5...2 minutes, a bright yellow glow appeared in the tube again, which lasted 20...30 s, after which cooling of the melt began again. This phenomenon may be associated with the release of energy.
The composition of the melts in both tubes is represented by the oxides Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, Na 2 O, MgO, CaO, TiO 2 (Table 6.5). The analysis was carried out on a JCXA-733 microanalyzer under the following conditions. Accelerating voltage U= 20 kV, probe current I= 30 nA, probe diameter 10 µm. Analysis error: for elements with a content of more than 50 wt.%, the relative error is 2%; for 10...50 wt.% – 3%; for 5...10 wt.% – 5...7%; for 1...5 wt.% – 10%; less than 1 wt.% – about 20%.
Table 6.5
Element content measurements were also carried out using an REM-100U electron microscope. The following results were obtained: before irradiation, the Al content was 15.8%, after – 13.6%; before Si irradiation – 11.1, after – 10.5%. The results presented show a significant increase in titanium content and a decrease in magnesium and aluminum.
Based on the results of NEMR irradiation of various melts, it can be concluded that in many experiments changes in their chemical composition are observed over a relatively short exposure time.
In operation, a pulse current of at least 10 11 A/m 2 is passed through a mixture of crystalline substances containing Al, P, O, located between the electrodes. In the treated mixture, the silicon content increases 10 times or more compared to the original. The content of elements was determined by the emission spectral method (ISP-30 device), mass spectrometric method (EMAL-2 device) and X-ray fluorescence method (DRON-4 device). All three methods increase the silicon content and decrease the aluminum and phosphorus content. It is noted that silicon is dense with a cubic lattice. The authors do not indicate the duration of the current. Later, an exposure time of 10 min is given and the amount of silicon formed is estimated to be ~ 10–12 mol/J. In this case, the silicon content increases from 0.0017% (mass) to 0.1...0.2%. It is also indicated that the experiments are carried out in the mode of a low-voltage alternating current arc in the power range of 0.5...1 kW and in a high-voltage (6...7 kV) spark discharge with a power of ~5 W. The starting components are aluminum phosphide P - 75%, Al - 20% and Al 2 O 3 - 5%.
Essentially, these works repeat the work of B.V. at a higher level. Bolotova. There is a coincidence in the converted elements P → Si and in the technology of transmitting pulsed current. The difference lies in Bolotov’s use of melted components, but here at first they are in a natural state. It is obvious that both in the arc mode and in the spark mode they melt. Therefore, the magnitude of the current in Bolotov is much less.
The papers describe experiments on the electric explosion of foil in water. A capacitor bank with energy ~50 kJ (U ~5 kV) is discharged onto a thin foil (thickness not specified) placed in the explosion chamber. The chamber is made of polyethylene, closed with a polyethylene lid and filled with 0.1...0.5 liters of distilled water. A trigatron type spark gap is used for switching. Titanium and zirconium foil were studied. The duration of the discharge current pulse is ~ 150 μs, the value is 10...15 kA. Before the explosion, the titanium foil was subjected to mass spectrometric analysis (MSA). The share of pure Ti is 99.7%. Isotope analysis showed the natural ratio of titanium isotopes. Composition of impurities: Fe ~ 0.1%; S, P, Ca, Ni ~ 0.035%; Al, Cr ~ 0.09%; V, Mn, Co ~ 0.02%; Si, K, Cl ~ 0.03%; Na, Mg ~ 0.007%. After the explosion, the mixture of water and pieces of foil was studied by MCA. Before measurement, the mixture was evaporated. The mass of the resulting powder (sample) was ~ 0.5 g. Ti ~ 92% and “foreign” elements were found in the samples: Na, Al, Si, Ca, Fe ~ 1%; Cu, Zn ~ 0.5%; B, Mg, Cr ~ 0.1%; V, Ni, Ba, Pb ~ 0.01…0.1% . Electronic probing of the samples also showed the presence of K, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, Zn, Ag. After the explosion, a change in the isotopic composition of titanium was noted: the proportion of 48 Ti decreased and the proportion of other isotopes increased by 2...3%. On average, the mass loss (transformation) of titanium was 4%. Changing the energy input into the foil, its size and mass has little effect on the experimental results.
When using zirconium foil, “foreign” elements were also detected in the samples in a different percentage. The authors believe that the total number of transformation acts was 10 19 ...10 20. During the explosions, the level of γ-radiation and the presence of neutrons were measured. No significant levels were recorded. In total, about 800 experiments were carried out.
A group of scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research V.D. Kuznetsov et al. conducted similar experiments. The materials used for the foil were C, Al, Ti, Fe, Ta, Pb or their combinations. The composition of the liquid medium was changed: water, 1, 3 and 10% solutions of hydrogen peroxide, glycerol - C 3 H 5 (OH) 3. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) methods were used to analyze the elemental and isotopic compositions of substances before and after explosions. , gamma and neutron activation analyzes (GAA, NAA) and the MSA method. The authors provide a comparison of the errors of these methods and the characteristics of the diagnostic equipment. For XRF we used a Si(Li) spectrometer with a resolution of 230 eV and a sensitivity level from 10–6 to 10–4 g/g for different elements. The MS-3101 laser mass spectrometer was used in the MSA method. In the GAA and NAA methods, the sensitivity level ranged from 10–8 to 10–6 g/g. A total of 13 experiments were carried out and 52 samples were examined. The authors draw the following conclusions. After the explosion, an increase in the content of Mn (the greatest), Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn is observed. Light elements Na, Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca and heavy elements Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb appear in the samples. Sometimes Ta and Pb appear. The absolute number of new elements is 10 15 ... 10 18 pcs. In some samples, a decrease in the proportion of 48 Ti is observed. The final elemental and isotopic composition is greatly influenced by the liquid medium. No radioactivity was observed in any of the samples.
The authors consider the phenomenon of transmutation of elements during an electric explosion of foil to be a proven fact. For our part, we also note the absence of doubts, since the experiments were carried out in the largest scientific centers, repeatedly and using high-quality measuring equipment. Some differences in the quantitative content of individual elements depend on the method of analysis and are not of fundamental importance.
Let us note that there is a great agreement between the experiments of Urutskoev and Vachaev. In both of them, a pulsed current is passed through the water. The results are also qualitatively very close, since the emergence of a large number of new elements is observed. The difference is in the nature of the processes: continuous and highly productive for Vachaev and discrete for Urutskoev.
In a number of experiments, coincidences in the type of chemical elements that participate in the phenomena of transmutation are observed. The three elements Al, Si and P and the chain of elements Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn can be noted. It is possible that this is due to the structural features of their nuclei.
Among the latest works on transmutation, we cite the work of V.A. Pankova and B.P. Kuzmina. In their experiments, they used a coaxial discharge cell through which an aqueous solution was passed. It includes a tubular insulating body about 80 mm long made of polymer material, inside of which an M16 thread is cut. The electrodes are made of electrolytic copper rod with a diameter of 16 mm, the internal channel with a diameter of 8 mm. The electrode has an external thread. The working ends of the electrodes are machined to a diameter of 12 mm.
The power source is a serial LC circuit tuned to resonance at a frequency of 50 Hz and powered from a single-phase network with a voltage of 220 V. An active resistor R is included in the circuit circuit, limiting the resonance current at a level of about 30 A. It is made of nichrome and has a value of 0. 5-1.5 Ohm depending on the quality factor of the circuit elements. The current in the circuit was recorded using measuring clamps of the Ts90 brand.
A single-phase voltage regulator of type RNO-250-5 (you can use RNO-250-10), connected as an adjustable choke, was used as inductance. Resonance occurs when the winding inductance is close to maximum. Capacitors of the KS2-0.66-50-2U3 brand with a capacity of 380 μF were used. Two banks were connected in series. The wires connecting the capacitor to the discharge cell must be copper, have a cross-section of at least 16 mm 2 and a length of no more than 1.5 m each.
Excitation of the plasma between the electrodes occurs electrochemically. There is a critical current density between the electrodes to excite the plasma. It depends both on the electrode material and on the ionic composition of the electrolyte. In the experiments, double distilled water was used with the addition of alkali metal fluorides or borax in an amount of 0.1...1 g/l. The minimum critical current density is achieved by using cesium fluoride, although potassium or sodium fluorides can also be used. Before the experiments, the specific conductivity of water was controlled. Its optimal value is 1...1.5 mS/cm (for comparison, the conductivity of tap water is 0.2...0.25 mS/cm). The water flow rate is set to several milliliters per second, since at a lower flow rate there is water between the electrodes. boils.
After turning on the power, discharge flashes are visible through the case and its clicks are heard. The ammeter reading is 3...6 A, since the discharge disrupts the resonance. Black liquid flows from the outlet hose.
Typically, one powder production cycle lasts 10…20 seconds. An increase in current to 30 A and the absence of a discharge indicate the need to reduce the discharge gap. The discharge may also stop when the gap is closed by electrode erosion products. In this case, the current is less than one ampere.
Water can be passed through the cell several times to increase the powder content. Thus, it is possible to obtain up to 10...15 g of powder from two liters of water, which is quite sufficient for analyzing its composition. The resulting suspension coagulates and decants quite quickly. The clarified water is drained, and the sediment is filtered and dried. After just 2-3 days, ferromagnetic metals form domains and are detected by a permanent magnet. This may be the simplest test of how well the experiment was carried out.
To analyze the powder, an X-ray fluorescence analyzer “S4-Explorer” from Bruker was used. Copper was not taken into account in the analysis because copper electrodes were subject to erosion during operation.
The isotopic composition of the resulting powder has not been studied. Dosimetric monitoring of powder and water did not detect levels exceeding the background level. This suggests that elements are formed as stable isotopes.
The level of penetrating radiation near the operating discharge cell was also monitored. Only an electromagnetic field was detected. Current pulses during discharge reach several thousand amperes with a duration of 40...60 μs. In the pauses between pulses, powerful packets with a frequency spectrum of 30...800 MHz and a duration of up to several milliseconds are sometimes observed. The authors believe that they accompany the process of synthesis of elements.
In table Figure 6.6 shows the result of analyzing the powder of one of the most successful experiments. The source water contained 0.5 g/l sodium tetraborate.
Table 6.6
Elemental composition of the powder, % of total mass
| Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Mo |
| 0,061 | 33,81 | 0,046 | 0,018 | 58,2 | 3,22 | 0,036 |
The powder contains 41.8% by weight of experimentally synthesized elements. Among synthetic elements, the share of iron is 80%, zinc – 7.7%, calcium – 4.1% and silicon – 1.8%. The content of the remaining eight metals does not exceed one percent.
Some issues of element transmutation are given in the review by S.A. Tsvetkova.
6.2. Scientific hypotheses
It is too early to seriously discuss the theoretical mechanisms of the processes of interconversion of chemical elements. Therefore, some hypotheses will be briefly outlined below.
A.V. Vachaev and N.I. Ivanov proposed a hypothesis called deuteron mining and metallurgical technology. During the process, two hydrogen deuterons, an oxygen deuteron, 10 electrons (e) and 10 neutrinos (ν) are formed from each water molecule. During the transition to the expansion zone, deuterons of other elements, for example, iron, can be formed:
The remaining four electrons form an electric current.
Next, the authors consider possible options for the structural rearrangement of substances contained in water. It is noted that the total energy potential of the elements of the magic series (in ascending order) is H, He, O, Ca, Zn, Sn, etc. significantly less than neighboring elements in the table. Under external influences (electron disruption), the initial elements become unstable and are divided into other elements with greater stability
The works propose a consideration of transmutation effects based on the K-capture phenomenon. Its essence lies in the fact that a proton captures an electron and turns into a neutron:
in this case, neutrino ν is released. The K-capture process occurs with the least amount of energy if the atomic masses of the initial and final nuclei are equal. Only free electrons are required. The resulting vacancy in the K-shell can be filled by the transfer of an electron from the outer shell with the emission of X-rays or by a non-radiative transition (Auger transition). The work notes that in nature the Auger transition occurs with a greater probability.
The maximum energy of X-ray radiation in eV during the transition of a free electron to a vacant place in the K-shell of an element with number z in the periodic system is determined by the formula:
nf = 13.6 (z – 2) 2 .
For example, for zinc this is 10662 eV. Thus, K-capture describes the process of changing the number of electrons with relatively small changes in energy.
The electron capture process belongs to weak interactions, is intranucleon and occurs at energies 24 orders of magnitude lower than nuclear processes. It is also believed that internal restructuring of the nucleus occurs and transmutation of elements can occur.
The hypothesis of the Al-P → Si transition in the works of V.I. Kazbanov lies in “a new critical phenomenon in which nucleons are involved in the cooperative interaction of all particles. Their coordinated collective redistribution between atoms leads to the observed transformation.” This proposal essentially explains nothing, since the mechanisms of formation of nucleons and their interaction with the original components are not described. The authors consider the fact of collective interaction to be proven, since the simultaneous transition of Al-P into a solid solution and the formation of Si in a body-centered cubic structure occurs.
Urutskoev's work proposes a hypothesis of magnetic-nucleon catalysis. Its essence lies in the appearance of a magnetic monopole in the plasma channel. Due to the large magnitude of its magnetic charge, it can overcome the Coulomb barrier and enter into a bound state with the atomic nucleus. This hypothesis is also too general and does not explain the emergence of individual elements.
F.A.’s hypothesis may turn out to be promising. Gareev with an explanation of low-temperature transmutation by the principles of resonant synchronization and resonant tunneling.
The joint presentation of the results of the work of different authors proves the possibility of low-temperature transformation of elements and the possibility of obtaining energy by methods different from the known ones.
An assessment of the capabilities of various methods is as follows. Pulse method B.V. Bolotov is applicable to melts of initial components. Method A.V. Vachaev is applicable for liquid-dispersed media and has a huge advantage over other methods, since the installation operates in a continuous mode with high productivity and during operation, electrical energy is released. Exposure to nanosecond pulses is applicable to solutions and melts and is simple. Electrospark method V.I. Kazbanova is simple and can be widely used. Electroexplosive method L.I. Urutskoev has a discrete process and is still applicable for a small volume of liquid-dispersed medium.
The theoretical justifications proposed by various authors are in the nature of hypotheses. In general, it should be noted that Russian scientists have developed the foundations of a low-temperature, low-cost technology for the transmutation of chemical elements with the simultaneous release of energy.
A copy of someone else's materials
