Modern Krasnoyarsk region

20.01.2018

Krasnoyarsk Territory is the second largest subject of the Russian Federation, occupying 2366.8 thousand square meters. km (or 13.86% of the country's territory). Krasnoyarsk Territory is part of the Siberian Federal District. In the east, the region borders on the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Irkutsk region, in the south - on the Republic of Tyva and the Republic of Khakassia, in the west - on the Kemerovo and Tomsk regions, as well as on the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed on December 7, 1934 by a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) of the RSFSR. The region includes 31 districts, the Khakass Autonomous Region, the Taimyr and Evenki national districts. The city of Krasnoyarsk became the center. The region was formed almost within the boundaries of the former Yenisei province, its area was over two million square kilometers.

In 1991, the Khakass Autonomous Region seceded from the region and formed an independent subject of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Khakassia. Two autonomous okrugs became independent subjects of the Russian Federation: Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) and Evenki, although they were territorially part of the region.

In 2007, as a result of a referendum, the region included two autonomous okrugs - Evenki and Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets), which were transformed into municipal districts with a special status. The day of the referendum - April 17 - has been declared a holiday in the region - Unity Day.

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is located mainly within Eastern Siberia, in the Yenisei River basin. Along the left bank of the Yenisei there is a low-lying valley, and along the right bank there is the Central Siberian Plateau, the height of which reaches 500-700 m above sea level. In the north, the region is washed by the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea.

The length of the territory from the north to the mountainous regions of Southern Siberia is almost 3000 km. The geographical center of Russia is located on the territory of the region in the vicinity of Lake Vivi in ​​Evenkia. In addition, on the territory of the region there is Cape Chelyuskin - the northernmost point of mainland Russia and all of Asia. The Krasnoyarsk Territory includes the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago, the islands of Nordenskiöld, Vilkitsky, Sibiryakov, Dikson, etc.

The relief of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is varied. Over a large stretch of the northern part, the Yenisei River carved out a valley at the junction of two tectonic structures. From the right bank to the river valley, the Central Siberian Plateau and the Yenisei Ridge, composed of ancient rocks, descend in ledges. On the left bank of the river is the West Siberian Lowland, which in the north meets the vast Yenisei-Khatanga Lowland, which occupies part of the Taimyr Peninsula. The south of the region is occupied by mountains and intermountain depressions of the Altai-Sayan mountainous country. The Central Siberian Plateau is composed of sandstones, limestones, limestones, shale, coal, which in many places are covered by magmatic outpourings - traps. In the northwestern part of the plateau rises the Putorana plateau, the heights of which in some places exceed 1600 m, and the highest point is Mount Kamen - 1701 m.

The eastern part of the West Siberian Lowland is located on the left bank of the Yenisei. It was repeatedly covered by glaciers, so the terrain is mostly flat and hilly, there are many lakes, swamps and rivers.

The Central Siberian Lowland occupies most of the Taimyr Peninsula. Hills and ridges up to 12 m high stretch far away. In the north of the peninsula, from the Yenisei Gulf to the Laptev Sea, stretch the low Byrranga Mountains, the average height of which is 400-600 m.

In the southern part of the region rise the ridges of the Eastern and Western Sayans and the Kuznetsk Alatau. At the foot of the ridges lies the famous Minusinsk Basin, where the climatic conditions are favorable. The Eastern Sayan begins a little west of the city of Krasnoyarsk and runs in the southeast to the mountains of Transbaikalia. This vast mountainous region consists of many mountain ranges, depressions and high plateaus. There are several flat-topped ridges up to 900 m high, which are called “Belogorya” - Manskoye, Kanskoye, Pezinskoye and others. The name "Belogorye" comes from Russian pioneers, who called it that way in the 17th century. "mountains covered with snow in summer." There are many karst and speleological areas in the Eastern Sayan Mountains. Today, on the territory of the region, the largest number of caves in the country is recorded - about 150, among them is the longest cave in Russia, Bolshaya Oreshnaya, with a length of over 50 km.

The Western Sayan stretches on the southern border of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for more than 650 km. It consists of many ridges - Ergaki, Sayansky, Kurtushibinsky, Tazarama, Dzhebashsky, Aradansky, etc.) and ancient alignment surfaces. In the southwest stretches the Kuznetsk Alatau, separating the Minusinsk depression from the Kuznetsk depression.

CLIMATE

The region is divided into arctic, subarctic and temperate climatic zones. Due to the large extent of the region, the climate of the region is very heterogeneous. The average January temperature ranges from -36 0 C in the north to -18 0 C in the south, the average July temperature ranges from +13 0 C in the north to +20+25 0 C in the south.

The region is divided into northern, central, southern, western and eastern climatic regions. The climate of the northern part is especially harsh. The long, harsh winter is accompanied by strong winds and high humidity. The cool northern summer is very short. On the Taimyr Peninsula there is practically no frost-free period - almost every day the air temperature can drop to zero or below degrees. In the flat central region, the climate is characterized by relatively hot and short summers, long cold winters, and significant temperature fluctuations. The southern part of the region has warm summers and moderate winters. Dry and clean air, plenty of sunny days, healing waters create favorable climatic conditions for treatment and relaxation. The western part of the region receives more precipitation.

The northernmost, island part of the region is occupied by a zone of ice and arctic deserts. In terms of relief, it is a hilly-ridge plain. The tundra and forest-tundra zone is 1000-1200 km wide and includes the Taimyr Peninsula and the Byrranga mountain region. The typical tundra has a hilly topography with many lakes. The taiga zone occupies a significant part of the territory of the region. A typical steppe is located in the south of the region and occupies most of the Minusinsk depression and the Chulym-Yenisei basin.

Agriculture in the region is possible approximately up to the latitude of Yeniseisk, and to the north - only in patches.

POPULATION

The population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, according to Krasnoyarskstat as of January 1, 2018, is 2,876,360 people. The population density is 1.21 people/sq km. The urban population is 77%. About 80% of the region's population live south of the Angara - on one tenth of the region's territory. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 570 municipalities have been formed, including 17 urban districts and 44 municipal districts, 27 urban and 482 rural settlements. In total, there are more than 1,700 settlements in the region.

Main cities and urban settlements: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Achinsk, Yeniseisk, Divnogorsk, Kansk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, Dudinka, Sosnovoborsk, ZATU Zelenogorsk, ZATO Zheleznogorsk, Zaozerny, Bogotol, Borodino, Uyar, Ilansky, Kodinsk, Uzhur, Nazarovo, Sharypovo, Igarka, Artyomovsk, ZATO village Solnechny, ZATO village Kedrovy.

Representatives of 159 nationalities live in the region. The national composition of the population of the total population, according to the 2010 All-Russian Census, is: Russians (88.08%), Ukrainians (1.34%), Tatars (1.23%), Germans (0.79%), Azerbaijanis (0.58%), Belarusians (0.35%), Chuvash (0.38%), Armenians (0.38%), Kyrgyz (0.30%), Uzbeks (0.23%), Tajiks ( 0.23%), Mordovians (0.15%), Mari (0.12%), Bashkirs (0.11%), Tuvans (0.10%), Lezgins (0.10%), Moldovans (0. 10%), Khakassians (0.15%), Estonians, Setu Estonians (0.08%), Latvians (2.184 - 0.07%).

The number of indigenous peoples of the North, according to the 2010 census, is: Dolgans (0.21%), Evenks (0.16%), Nenets (0.13%), Yakuts (0.05%), Kets (0. 03%), Nganasans (0.02%), Selkups (0.01%), Enets (0.01%), Chulyms (0.01%).

MINERALS

The Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of reserves of mineral resources and minerals. In its depths there are oil, gas, iron ores, coal, non-ferrous and rare metals, and non-metallic minerals. In total, there are more than 1,200 mineral deposits in the region, including 106 deposits of brown and hard coal, 193 peat deposits, 66 ferrous and non-ferrous metals, 15 rare and trace elements, 301 precious metals, 94 deposits of non-metallic minerals (abrasives) , clays, flux limestones, magnesite, nepheline ores, natural facing stones, piezo-optical raw materials, molding raw materials, colored stones), more than 360 deposits of common minerals (building stone, sand-gravel mixtures, expanded clay mixtures, sand), 119 fresh underground deposits waters, 12 mineral deposits of groundwater, 33 deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials.

The region contains the main reserves of platinum and platinoids, copper-nickel ores, the main deposits of which are located in the north of the region, including on the Taimyr Peninsula. The Norilsk mining region (Norilsk-1, Oktyabrskoye and Talnakhskoye deposits) is world famous, where copper, nickel, cobalt, and platinum are mined.

There are 33 hydrocarbon deposits in the region. The region's largest oil and gas fields are located in the Turukhansky and Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) regions - these are the fields of the Vankor group (Vankorskoye, Suzunskoye, Tagulskoye, etc.) and in the south of the Evenkiy district - the fields of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomsky zone (Yurubchenskoye, Kuyumbinskoye, Sobinskoye, Paiginskoye, Imbinskoe, Beryambinskoe, etc.).

The region holds a leading position in Russia in terms of total geological coal reserves - about 70%, which are concentrated in the Kansko-Achinsk, Tunguska, Taimyr and Minusinsk coal basins. The reserves of the Kansk-Achinsk brown coal basin, unique in terms of economic-geographical location and reserves, located along the Trans-Siberian Railway, are being most actively developed.

In terms of the overall gold potential and gold mining, the region is traditionally one of the leaders in the Russian Federation - about 300 primary and placer deposits have been explored in the region. The main developed gold reserves are concentrated in the North Yenisei and Motyginsky districts (Olympiadinskoye, Blagodatnoye, Eldorado, Vasilyevskoye, etc.).

The Angara-Yenisei province (Yenisei Ridge and the adjacent Siberian Platform) and the Lower Angara region are rich in bauxite and nepheline ores for aluminum production, as well as iron ores, which are in the state reserve.

The territory of the Lower Angara region occupies a leading position in Russia in terms of magnesite reserves, concentrated in large deposits. On the territory of the region, the Gorevskoye deposit of polymetals is being developed - unique not only in terms of reserves, but also in terms of lead and zinc content (up to 6% and higher lead in the ore). Silver, cadmium and other metals are simultaneously extracted from lead-zinc ores.

Among the non-metallic minerals in the region, deposits of fluxing limestone, table salt, talc, graphite, refractory and refractory clays, apatite, vermiculite and molding materials, as well as building materials are being developed.

In the north of the region, within the Popigai ring structure, unique deposits of impact industrial diamonds were discovered (Udarnoe, Skalnoe). In terms of total diamond reserves, this group of deposits exceeds all known diamond-bearing provinces in the world.

In addition, deposits of jadeite (Borusskoye) and jade (Kantegirskoye and Kurtushibinskoye), chrysolite, quartz and quartzites have been explored in the region. Pink tourmaline (rubellite) and pink talc were found on the Yenisei Ridge. In the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there is amber and datolite (Norilsk industrial region). In the Minusinsk Basin - rhodusite-asbestos. In the central regions of the region - amethyst (Nizhne-Kanskoye, Krasnokamenskoye), serpentine (Verkhnesolevskoye, Berezovskoye) and marble onyx (Torgashinskoye).

Three mineral water deposits are also exploited on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Kozhanovskoye (Balahtinsky district), Nanzhulskoye (outskirts of Krasnoyarsk) and Tagarskoye (Minusinsk region).

WATER RESOURCES

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is the richest region in Russia in terms of water resources. From north to south, the region is crossed by the Yenisei River - the most abundant river in the country. The waters of the Yenisei have a warming and desalinating effect on the Kara Sea, which washes the northern territories of the region along with the Laptev Sea. The most striking feature of the northern seas is the year-round presence of ice.

Every year, the rivers of the region pour about 20% of the total flow of Russian rivers into the northern seas. The river network of the Krasnoyarsk Territory includes more than 150 thousand rivers and streams. The largest river is the Yenisei. It is formed from the confluence of the Big Yenisei (Biy-Khem) and the Small Yenisei (Ka-Khem). In Kyzyl, at the site of their confluence, there is an obelisk “Center of Asia”. The Yenisei with its numerous tributaries, as well as the Pyasina, Taimyr, Khatanga rivers, flowing into the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea, form a natural transport system. The Mana, Tuba, Kazyr and Kizir, Amyl, Kan, Biryusa, Podkamennaya Tunguska, Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Angara, Chulym, Ket, Kem and others flow through the region. The rivers have huge reserves of cheap hydropower - the Krasnoyarsk and Ust-Khantayskaya hydroelectric power stations operate in the region Hydroelectric power station, Kureyskaya hydroelectric power station, Enashiminskaya hydroelectric power station. In this regard, the region is an energy-rich territory. With the commissioning of the Boguchanskaya HPP, the capacity of the region’s energy facilities increased by 35%, and at the beginning of 2016 it amounted to 18.1 GW.

The rivers connect the northern regions of the region with Krasnoyarsk - the industrial and transport center of Central Siberia, and through the Yenisei the region has access to the Northern Sea Route. In the lower reaches of the Yenisei there are the ports of Igarka and Dudinka, equipped to receive sea vessels. Navigation in the north is possible only in the summer, but when accompanied by icebreakers it is possible all year round. The ports of Krasnoyarsk and Lesosibirsk, located in the middle reaches of the Yenisei, allow the entry of river-sea class vessels.

There are many lakes in the region - there are more than three hundred thousand of them. Lake Taimyr is the largest lake in the north. Most of the lakes are located in the southwest of the region - in the Sharypovsky district, as well as in the south - in the Minusinsk depression. Lakes Tagarskoye, Uchum, Bolshoye, Krugloye, Plakhino, Ingol and others are popular among tourists in the summer.

BIORESOURCES

The Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks second in Russia in terms of forest resources. The area of ​​the region's forest fund is 158.7 million hectares, or 42.6% of the forest fund area of ​​the Siberian Federal District. More than 450 plant species grow in the region, including industrially valuable species. More than 50% of the region's forests are larch, about 17% are spruce and fir, 12% are pine and more than 9% are cedar. 88% of the forests consist of coniferous species, including 30% of all cedar forests in the country.

In the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are three state nature reserves of federal significance and 36 state nature reserves of regional significance. Among the largest and most famous parks and reserves are “Stolby”, “Ergaki”, “Taimyrsky”, “Big Arctic”, “Putoransky”, “Central Siberian”, “Tungussky”, “Sayano-Shushensky” and “Shushensky Bor”.

The fauna of the region is diverse and unique (342 species of birds and 89 species of mammals, among the latter the most significant is the population of reindeer, numbering 600 thousand heads). In the Arctic desert live the polar bear, seal, walrus, seal, in the tundra - the mountain hare, reindeer, arctic fox, lemming, snowy owl, tundra swan, partridge, fox, red-breasted goose; in the Yenisei taiga - brown bear, musk deer, sable, weasel, wolverine, lynx, otter; In the southern taiga there are red deer, roe deer, badger, mole, sparrowhawk, eagle owl, gray and white-backed woodpecker, and finch. The Sayan mountain taiga is famous for its sable lands. In the highlands of the Sayan Mountains one can find such rare mammals as the red wolf, snow leopard, mountain goat, mountain sheep, and among birds - Altai snowcock, mountain snipe, Siberian and mountain finch, red-throated blackbird, etc. In the northern regions of the region there are about 60 species of fish . Among whitefishes, muksun, omul, vendace, smelt, and nelma are of commercial importance.

ECONOMY

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the supporting, most economically developed regions of Russia. Among the 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the region ranks 9th in terms of gross regional product and is one of the ten regions that form more than 50% of the total GRP of Russian regions.

The basis of the region's economy is the industrial complex - its share in the structure of the gross regional product is about 60%. Industrial enterprises of the region, relying on the use of its rich mineral resource base and energy resources, produce products both for the regional market and for supply to other regions of Russia, as well as to countries near and far abroad.

In the structure of industrial production of the region, the leading positions are occupied by: non-ferrous metallurgy (its share is more than 40%), mining (about 30%), hydropower and solid fuel power (more than 10%). Large metallurgical enterprises are the Polar Division of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel and JSC RUSAL Krasnoyarsk, OJSC Krastsvetmet. Primary aluminum processing products are produced by LLC Krasnoyarsk Metallurgical Plant, LLC LPZ "SEGAL", LLC "KiK", LLC "Liteino" -mechanical plant "SKAD".

The main enterprises of the oil production industry in the region are the companies of the Rosneft group (JSC Vankorneft, JSC East Siberian Oil and Gas Company), LLC Slavneft-Krasnoyarskneftegaz. The leading enterprises in the coal industry are JSC SUEK-Krasnoyarsk and JSC Krasnoyarskkraigol.

The leader in gold mining in the region is Polyus Krasnoyarsk JSC; Sovrudnik LLC and Vasilyevsky Mine CJSC also make a major contribution. LLC Novoangarsk Concentrating Plant at the Gorevskoye deposit provides almost 80% of lead ore production in the Russian Federation.

Machine-building enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk Territory produce products for both civil and defense purposes. Among the largest enterprises in the industry are JSC Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant, JSC Krasnoyarsk Refrigerator Plant Biryusa.

The region is one of the country's largest producers of timber products, a significant part of which is exported. In terms of the number of jobs created, the forestry industry ranks fourth in the region after metallurgy, mechanical engineering and mining. More than 700 organizations operate in this area, the largest of which are JSC Lesosibirsk LDK-1, CJSC Novoeniseisky LHK, LLC Priangarsky LPK, JSC Kraslesinvest and others.

The region produces petroleum products - gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel (JSC Achinsk Oil Refinery VNK), innovative production and nuclear energy are concentrated in Zheleznogorsk (JSC Information Satellite Systems named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev, Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Mining and Chemical Plant") and Zelenogorsk (JSC "PO "Electrochemical Plant").

Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the leaders among Russian regions in terms of investment activity. Among the sectors of the region's economy in which funds are invested, the first place is occupied by the extraction of fuel and energy minerals, and the second place by metallurgical production. Investors are also showing interest in the transport and communications industries and are financing development projects in the energy sector.

As part of the implementation of the largest investment projects in the region, oil production is developing - in September 2016, industrial oil production began at the Suzunskoye field of the Vankor group, at the beginning of 2017, the Kuyumba-Taishet oil pipeline with a length of 700 km was put into operation, which made it possible to begin oil production in the fields of the south of Evenkia. Aluminum production in the region increased by 15% due to the Boguchansky Aluminum Plant CJSC reaching the design capacity of the first start-up complex in 2016; by the end of 2018, construction of the first stage of the plant with a capacity of 298 thousand tons was completed. The modernization of oil refining production at JSC Achinsk Oil Refinery VNK continues, aimed at increasing the depth of oil refining and the volume of light oil products.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is a major transport, distribution and transit hub of the Siberian Federal District. The Trans-Siberian Railway (with branches Achinsk - Lesosibirsk, Reshoty - Karabula, Achinsk - Abakan), the South Siberian Railway and the Norilsk Railway, federal highways P255 "Siberia" and P257 "Yenisei" pass through the region. The main highways of the region also include the Yenisei Tract (Krasnoyarsk - Yeniseisk) and the Achinsk-Uzhur-Troitskoye highway. There are four river ports on the territory of the region - in Krasnoyarsk, Lesosibirsk, Dudinka and Igarka. The largest airport in the region is Krasnoyarsk International Airport.

The region is a major producer of agricultural products in the Siberian Federal District: in 2018 it ranked fourth. The gross grain harvest in the region annually is about 2 million tons. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is among the leaders in the yield of grain and leguminous crops among the regions of Siberia. In recent years, farmers have been successfully cultivating crops new to the region: rapeseed and corn for grain. Stability of indicators in livestock farming was noted. Dairy enterprises in the region are working to increase the productivity of cattle. The region is one of the three leaders in the Siberian Federal District in terms of daily milk yield per cow.

Major investment projects are being implemented. In 2018, a modern dairy complex opened in the Kansky district. Large-scale livestock breeding facilities are being built in the Shushensky district. Over the past few years, there has been an annual increase in production volumes of the main types of food products: pork, poultry, butter, cheese, flour, cereals, bread, sausages and confectionery. A course has been set for the development of grain and oilseed processing capacities in the region, including deep processing of grain. A lot of work is being done on the issue of marketing products produced by agricultural producers. More than 50% of the regional agricultural production occurs in the regions of the southwestern and central parts of the region: Uzhursky, Nazarovsky, Kuraginsky, Shushensky, Krasnoturansky, Minusinsky, Bolshemurtinsky, Emelyanovsky, Sukhobuzimsky, Berezovsky, Balakhtinsky.

The Krasnoyarsk Economic Forum is held in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, where all-Russian minimum tactical programs and maximum strategic programs for the development of the entire country are traditionally discussed.

EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

The priority areas for the development of education in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are the accessibility and quality of education, the organization of work with gifted children, the development of vocational education institutions, and improving the quality of professional training for the regional economy.

Currently, there are more than 1,000 preschool educational institutions, more than 140 institutions of additional education for children, and more than 1,000 general education institutions in the region. An information and resource network has been created in the region to search for, support and accompany talented children, consisting of 12 centers for working with gifted children in the intellectual, sports, artistic and aesthetic spheres in the cities of Achinsk, Yeniseisk, Minusinsk, Kansk, Krasnoyarsk, Dudinka, in the village Tura. Large companies, corporations and enterprises operating in the region create specialized classes on the basis of general educational institutions - Norilsk Nickel classes, Rosneft classes, Rosatom classes, SUEK classes, etc., provide further support for students’ training in universities, attract practical training and internship.

In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, a system of cadet and women's gymnasium education has been developed, which includes seven cadet boarding schools optimally located in the region, one cadet school, two Mariinsky women's gymnasiums, and the Honor and Glory of Krasnoyarsk additional education center.

A network of specialized classes in mathematics, natural science, engineering and technology is being developed in the region. The first 25 specialized classes were opened in 2015 in Achinsk, Zheleznogorsk, Zelenogorsk, Kansk, Krasnoyarsk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, Nazarovo, Norilsk and Sosnovoborsk. Students are trained in specialized classes with the participation of teachers from leading universities located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The regional vocational education network consists of 65 educational institutions of primary vocational education, 38 educational institutions of secondary vocational education, subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science of the region.

The scientific and educational potential of the region is represented by the Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the SB RAS and state universities, including the Siberian Federal University, the Siberian State Aerospace University named after. ak. M. F. Reshetnev, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after. prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Siberian State Technological University, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after. V. P. Astafiev, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Siberian Law Institute and others.

There are two higher educational institutions in the field of culture in the region - the Krasnoyarsk State Academy of Music and Theater and the Krasnoyarsk State Art Institute.

In total, over 92 thousand students study in more than 330 specialties in the higher educational institutions of the region in the areas of bachelor's, specialist, and master's degrees.

CULTURE

On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are more than 4.5 thousand historical and cultural monuments and objects of archaeological heritage. The Shalobolinskaya pisanitsa, Paleolithic sites on Afontovaya Mountain in Krasnoyarsk, the mounds of the Minusinsk Basin, the remains of fortifications are evidence of the life of ancient people in the region.

The city of Yeniseisk is a unique monument of urban planning art of the 18th - early 20th centuries, which has preserved the planning structure and the main fund of historical buildings. By the 400th anniversary of the city, which will be celebrated in 2019, 21 cultural heritage sites will be restored here. Yeniseisk is included in the preliminary UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. Architectural monuments are also concentrated in Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk, Kansk, Minusinsk, Shushenskoye, and in the villages of Taseevo and Ermakovskoye.

There are unique museum complexes in the region: the historical and ethnographic museum-reserve "Shushenskoye" - a historical, architectural, ethnographic complex in which part of an ancient Siberian village of the 19th and 20th centuries is preserved; Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore is one of the oldest museums in Siberia and the Far East, one of the largest museums in Russia; Minusinsk Museum named after. Martyanova is the oldest museum in Siberia, in the likeness of which museums were created in Yeniseisk, Nerchinsk, Irkutsk, Yakutsk and other cities of the Siberian region; The Permafrost Museum in Igarka is the only museum in the world that has a unique underground structure in the thickness of the permafrost soil.

The Krasnoyarsk region has rich cultural traditions. The names of Vasily Surikov, Toivo Ryannel, Boris Ryauzov, Pyotr Slovtsov, Viktor Astafiev, Andrey Pozdeev, Mikhail Godenko, Dmitry Hvorostovsky, Areg Demirkhanov, Ekaterina Iofel and many other Krasnoyarsk cultural figures are iconic not only for the Krasnoyarsk region.

There are 17 professional theaters in the region - 9 regional state, 5 municipal and 3 private theaters. All main types of theaters are open in large cities of the region: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Achinsk - and in six settlements with a population of up to 100 thousand inhabitants: the cities of Kansk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, Sharypovo, Zheleznogorsk, Motygino. The only theater in Russia beyond the Arctic Circle is also located in the region - the Norilsk Polar Drama Theater named after. Mayakovsky.

In the regional center there are the Krasnoyarsk Regional Puppet Theater, the Krasnoyarsk Theater for Young Spectators, the Krasnoyarsk Drama Theater named after. A.S. Pushkin, Krasnoyarsk Musical Theater and Krasnoyarsk State Opera and Ballet Theater named after D.A. Hvorostovsky.

In the 2017-2018 season. By decision of the expert council of the Golden Mask, the regional theaters received 21 nominations for the main theater award in Russia.

Many creative groups are world famous, among them the Krasnoyarsk Academic Symphony Orchestra conducted by Vladimir Lande, the Krasnoyarsk Philharmonic Russian Orchestra. A.Yu. Bardin, Krasnoyarsk State Academic Dance Ensemble of Siberia named after. M.S. Godenko et al.

The regional scientific library's holdings include more than 3 million items, including collections of handwritten and early printed books, rare publications on local history, books from the library of the famous bibliophile merchant G.F. Yudina.

The Krasnoyarsk region hosts the international forum "Ballet XXI Century", the international festival "Parade of Stars at the Opera", the international music festival of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, organizes fine art exhibitions and theater festivals. It has already become a tradition in the region to hold days of national cultures, folk art festivals, and cultural events.

Every year, large cultural projects are implemented in the municipalities of the region, such as the cultural and educational route "Yenisei Express", "Cultural Capital of Krasnoyarsk", a film forum of domestic films in Nazarovo, dedicated to the legendary Soviet theater and film actress, People's Artist of the USSR Marina Ladynina. The Shushensky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory annually hosts the world-famous international festival of ethnic music and crafts "WORLD OF Siberia".

TOURISM

The region has enormous recreational resources, which makes it possible to develop almost all types of tourism: reindeer and dog sled safaris, ecotourism, equestrian tourism, cross-country and ski trips, sanatorium and resort treatment. Today, in the region, well-known sanatorium-resort complexes throughout the country successfully heal their guests: “Sosnovy Bor” on Lake Tagarskoye, “Shushensky” on the banks of the mountain river Oya, “Lake Uchum”, “Krasnoyarsk Zagorye” in the foothills of the Western Sayan Mountains.

Beach holidays are represented by the most popular places on the coast of the Krasnoyarsk Sea - Balakhtinsky, Krasnoturansky, Novoselovsky, Shumikhinsky Bay near the Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station.

Hunting and fishing, cultural, educational and pilgrimage tourism, business and event tourism are in great demand (All-Russian festival of folk culture "Siberian Maslenitsa", Kansky Video Festival, "Yenisei Ukha" holiday, Yenisei August Fair, Minusinsk Tomato Day, All-Russian festival "Vysotsky and Siberia", International Festival of Ethnic Music and Crafts "WORLD of Siberia", exhibitions, forums, etc.).

Distinctive features. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is located on the border of Western and Eastern Siberia. This is one of the largest regions of Russia, rich in natural resources, including minerals.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory stretches from south to north, and its length along the meridian is almost 3000 km. He was just a little short of reaching the southern borders of Russia, and then he would have cut through the Russian Federation from the cold shores of the Arctic in the north to the Sayan Mountains in the south.

A feature of the region, associated with its large extent, is the diversity of natural zones, landscapes and climate. In the north is the Taimyr Peninsula, where, with the help of the World Wildlife Fund, the largest Great Arctic Nature Reserve in Eurasia was created, covering an area of ​​4.1 million hectares.

Taimyr patterns. Photo by s-tyamushev2010 (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/s-tyamushev2010/)

Other interesting sites are the Stolby Nature Reserve - a Mecca for rock climbers, the Shushenskoye Nature Reserve, where the leader of the revolution Vladimir Lenin once served his exile, the Biryusinsky Caves natural complex, the Putorana Plateau, Anashensky Forest and many others.

Maslenitsa in Shushenskoye. Photo by Yuri Spartak Myagky (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/red-white-fan/)

Despite the vast territories, the Krasnoyarsk lands have not given Russia many famous people. However, some people can be highlighted. For example, Vyacheslav Butusov, vocalist of the cult rock band Nautilus Pompilius.

From an economic point of view, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is a fairly developed region. It is a center of hydropower thanks to the mighty Yenisei River, on which three hydroelectric power stations are built. In the depths of the region there is a myriad of minerals, including 95% of Russian reserves of nickel and platinum group metals, 20% of gold reserves. In the industry of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the first place is occupied by non-ferrous metallurgy - the production of aluminum, nickel, platinum and other metals. There are also many mechanical engineering, chemical and oil refining industries here.

Geographical location. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is located in Eastern Siberia and, accordingly, is the largest region of the Siberian Federal District. The main river is the Yenisei, one of the largest rivers in Siberia. It is in its basin that the main populated areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are located. Another important river is the Angara, its tributary. On the right bank of the Yenisei there is the Central Siberian Plateau, and on the left bank there is a lowland.

View of Krasnoyarsk from the Krasnoyarsk Pillars Nature Reserve. Photo by kgv008952 (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/kgv008952/)

There are 323 thousand lakes in the region, most of which are on the Taimyr Peninsula.

Thanks to its vast territory, the Krasnoyarsk Territory has many neighbors: in the east - the Republic of Sakha, in the south - the Republic of Tyva and the Republic of Khakassia, in the west - the Kemerovo and Tomsk regions, the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. From the north, the shores of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are washed by the waters of the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea.

Population Krasnoyarsk Territory - 2846475 people. The region is characterized by low population density (1.2 people/sq. km) and positive natural population growth (1.6 people per 1000 inhabitants). 88% of the population are Russians, 1.39% are Ukrainians, 1.28% are Tatars. There are also many indigenous peoples living here, albeit small in number. For example, these are the Dolgans and Nenets in the north, or the Evenks in the central part.

Although the Krasnoyarsk Territory is large, the bulk of its population (about 80%) lives in a relatively small area south of the Angara, accounting for 10% of the territory of the region. It is here that the entire life of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, its industrial, scientific and cultural potential is concentrated.

Crime. The Krasnoyarsk Territory, like many Siberian regions, is characterized by a high level of crime. In the ranking of regions by crime level, it ranks 12th, which in the first half of 2011 corresponded to 11.25 crimes per thousand residents.

Unemployment rate in the Krasnoyarsk Territory - 5.55%. The average salary in the Krasnoyarsk region is 27,185 rubles. Maybe this is not a very large amount for Siberia, given the high cost of local products and goods. But in some industries wages are much higher. For example, in the field of extraction of fuel and energy resources - 65,486 rubles, in the production of coke, petroleum products and nuclear materials - 54,912 rubles.

Property value in the Krasnoyarsk Territory it is quite high, although Krasnoyarsk is very far from Moscow or Novy Urengoy. The average price per square meter of housing in Krasnoyarsk is 58,785 rubles. per sq. meter. In the Krasnoyarsk suburb of Sosnovoborsk - 42,618 rubles. per sq. meter, in Divnogorsk - 41,721 rubles. per sq. meter. To buy a normal one-room apartment in Krasnoyarsk, you need to have about 2 million rubles, and for a two-room apartment - 2.5 million rubles.

Climate. There are 3 climatic zones in the region: arctic, subarctic and temperate. Since within each of them changes in climatic characteristics are noticeable not only from north to south, but also from west to east, western and eastern climatic regions are distinguished, the border of which runs along the valley of the Yenisei River.

For those who have no idea what icy hell is, there is the city of Dudinka. Photo by nordroden (http://nordroden.livejournal.com/)

The central part of the region is characterized by relatively short hot summers, long cold winters, and rapid temperature changes. In the south of the region there are warm summers and moderately harsh winters with little snow. It is here that favorable conditions have been created for the construction of resorts, sanatoriums and recreation centers, especially since there are many healing springs and lakes.

The average January temperature is −36°C in the north and −18°C in the south, and in July, respectively, +10°C and +20°C. On average, 316 mm of precipitation falls per year, most of it in summer; in the foothills of the Sayan Mountains there is much more: 600-1000 mm.

Cities of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

- capital of the region. Population - 1,016,385 people. Founded in 1628 on the banks of the Yenisei River as the Krasnoyarsk fort. Since then it has become one of the largest economic centers in Siberia. Krasnoyarsk has more than once received awards as “The best city in the CIS” or “The most comfortable city in Russia”.

The character of the city's inhabitants can be learned from its coat of arms. It depicts a workaholic lion. In his left paw he holds a sickle, and in his right paw he holds a shovel. That is, the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing. Although, as planned, these tools should symbolize agriculture and ore mining. During the Soviet era, a huge number of factories in a variety of industries were built in Krasnoyarsk, many of which are currently not operating. Despite this, Krasnoyarsk remains the largest industrial city in Eastern Siberia.

The second largest city by population (177,738 people) after Murmansk, located beyond the Arctic Circle. Construction of the city began in 1935 next to the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine. Now the enterprise belongs to the Norilsk Nickel company. Today it is one of the largest enterprises in the world producing palladium, platinum, nickel and other valuable metals. Unfortunately, Norilsk Nickel’s work has had the most terrible impact on the ecology of the city, which is considered one of the dirtiest in Russia. Another problem is the cold Arctic climate: summers are short, winters are long, and there is practically no spring.

The third largest city in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (population - 107,583 people) was founded in 1683. For a long time it was a place where exiles, including revolutionaries, served their sentences. In 1970, the Achinsk Alumina Refinery began operations (now part of Russian Aluminum and called RUSAL Achinsk), which became the largest enterprise in the city. In addition to this, there are cement and oil refineries in the city. Nevertheless, people prefer to leave Achinsk; besides, Krasnoyarsk is very close.

Kansk(92,575 thousand people) - founded in 1628 on the Kan River. After the Siberian Highway passed through the city, it began to develop intensively and became the center of leather craft. But the main component of the city's economy was agriculture. Under the USSR, the situation did not change radically. Yes, several new factories have appeared. But there are few of them. These are mainly enterprises of the food industry (distillery and brewery - how could we live without them?), chemical, and woodworking industries.

(“Krasnoyarsk-26”) is a small city near Krasnoyarsk with a population of 85 thousand people. It appeared in connection with the construction of a plant for the production of weapons-grade plutonium here in 1950. Having become the main enterprise of the city, the mining and chemical plant is a huge underground complex, comparable in scale to the Moscow metro. Apart from this enterprise, the situation in the city is quite pleasant: there is a large beautiful lake, wide streets, modern houses in new areas. The only problem is that due to the nuclear, defense and space industry enterprises, Zheleznogorsk has the status of a closed administrative-territorial entity.

KANSK, a city in the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk Territory, located in the Kansk forest-steppe, on the left bank of the river. Kan (tributary of the Yenisei River), 247 km east of Krasnoyarsk. Kansk-Yeniseiskaya railway station. Road junction. District center. Population 107.5 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1628. City since 1782.

Main industries: forestry and woodworking (woodworking and building materials factories); mechanical engineering and metalworking (plant of paper-making equipment, metal structures); biochemical plant; light (cotton mill, Kantex LLC, Kanva, tannery). Food industry enterprises: mill and meat processing plants, distilleries and breweries.

In 1628, near the Komarovsky rapids, the Kansky small fort on the Kan (now the village of Komarovka) was founded, 43 km below the modern city. In 1640 the fort was moved to its current location. Russian settlers arrived here at the beginning of the 18th century. From the middle of the 18th century. Kansk played a significant role in transit trade due to its location on the Moscow Highway. At the end of the 19th century. Most of the residents of Kansk were engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding; in the summer, many went to the gold mines.

The city has a drama theater and a local history museum.

In Kansk there are 14 archaeological monuments under state protection.

Main industries: oil refining (JSC Achinsk Oil Refinery), production of building materials (JSC Achinsk Alumina Refinery - processing of nepheline ores, production of finished alumina, soda products, cement; JSC Stroyindustriya, Stroymaterialy, asphalt plant); light (sewing software; factories: shoe factory “Alleg”, furniture factory, fur products, etc.). Factories: woodworking, mechanical, wax, brick, electrical repair, etc. Food industry: JSC "Achinskkhleboprodukt", LLC "Meat Processing Plant", JSC "Achinsk Dairy Plant", LLC "Achinskaya Confectionery Factory", brewery, etc. Near Achinsk there is coal mining (Kansk-Achinsk fuel and energy complex). Deposits of limestone, manganese, brick and refractory clays, sand and gravel mixture, and building stone have been discovered in the area.

Founded as the Achinsk fort on the White Iyus River. After the fire, 1683 was moved to the bank of Chulym at the confluence of the small river Achinka.

Educational and cultural institutions: branches of Krasnoyarsk institutes (non-ferrous metals and civil engineering). Drama Theater. Museum of Local Lore.

Among the architectural attractions: the Kazan Cathedral (1832), the building of the former synagogue (1907), the building of the former women's gymnasium (1912), the former House of Public Meeting (now the Drama Theater), etc.

10 km from Achinsk is the Aydashinskaya cave, 2 km east of Achinsk is the Achinskaya Paleolithic site.

MINUSINSK, a city in the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk region, is located in the central part of the Minusinsk Basin, 661 km south of Krasnoyarsk. A pier on the right bank of the Yenisei, 12 km from the railway station. Highway (Usinsky tract). Airport (45 km, Abakan). District center. Population 70.0 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1740. City since 1822.

Main industries: electrical engineering (PO "Minusinsk Electrotechnical Industrial Complex": factories - cable, high-voltage equipment, electric heating devices, etc.); furniture, clothing and glove factories. Food industry enterprises: dairy plant, confectionery and pasta factory, vegetable canning, brewery and distillery, etc.

The village of Minusinskaya arose in 1739-40. at the confluence of the Minusa River into the Yenisei channel. From 1810 the village, in 1822 the city of Minusinsk. At the end of the 19th century. The main occupations of the residents were agriculture, cattle breeding, gardening, leather dressing, sewing, sheepskin coats and fur coats, and felting. In the 19th - early 20th centuries. Minusinsk is a place of exile.

Scientific, educational and cultural institutions: permanent geological exploration and experimental mechanical expedition. Department of the Moscow Electrotechnical Institute. Drama Theater.

Among the architectural attractions: the Church of the Transfiguration (1803-1813, rebuilt in 1904), the building of a former almshouse (early 19th century), the former Gostiny Dvor, Government places (rebuilt), Belova's house (1854), etc.

YENISEISK, a city in the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk Territory, located on the Yenisei Plain, on the left bank of the river. Yenisei, below the confluence of the river. Angara, 39 km from the Lesosibirsk-I railway station, 338 km north of Krasnoyarsk. River port. Airport. District center. Population 21.2 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1619. City since 1678. Until 1678 Yenisei fort.

Main industrial enterprises: mechanical plant, meat processing plant; JSC “Yenisei-mebel”, JSC “Nizhneeniseyskaya SEC”, etc.

Arose from several winter huts. It was called the Tunguska, Kuznetsk, and then the Yenisei fort. At the end of the 17th century. Yeniseisk is the center of Siberian icon painting. By the 18th century a major trade and transport center on the Tobol - Irtysh - Ob - Ket - Kem - Yenisei - Angara waterway. He was famous for his blacksmith's products, including the production of agricultural implements and various iron crafts. After the discovery of a gold deposit, Yeniseisk turned into a center for supplying prospectors with equipment and food.

The city lost its administrative and economic significance due to the construction of the Moscow-Irkutsk highway, and then the Trans-Siberian railway. The decline of the gold industry and the fire that destroyed 3/4 of the city in 1869 caused significant damage to city trade. Trade in fur goods, mainly squirrel, has been preserved.
The city has a pedagogical institute, a theater, and a local history museum.

Numerous architectural monuments have been preserved in Yeniseisk: Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery (founded in 1642), Epiphany Cathedral (1738-64), Resurrection Church (1735-47), Trinity Church (1772-76), Assumption Church (1793-1818), building Yenisei Museum of Local Lore (1747-53), etc. Stone buildings of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. On the outskirts of the old town, former wooden manor houses still stand, some from the late 19th century.

ILAN, city (since 1939) in the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk region. Railroad station. Population 17 thousand people (2002). Enterprises of railway transport, light industry, etc.

UZHUR, a regional center in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 339 km southwest of Krasnoyarsk. Located between the Solgon Ridge and the western spurs of Kuznechny Alatau, on the Uzhurka and Chernavka rivers. Railway station on the Achinsk - Abakan line. Population 29.1 thousand people (1992; 22.9 thousand in 1959; 27.4 thousand in 1979).
Founded in 1760, until 1822 it was a small village (ulus) inhabited by Khakassians. Since 1822 - the center of the Uzhur volost of the Achinsk district of the Yenisei province. A stone church was built here in 1857. In 1890 a telephone exchange appeared. In 1914, construction of the Achinsk-Minusinsk railway began. The city - since 1953. The development of the city is associated with the development of nepheline ore deposits in Goryachegorsk and Kiya-Shaltyr. U. is the center of an agricultural region with food industry enterprises (meat processing plant, fish factory, dairy plant). Production of building materials (factories - reinforced concrete, brick, asphalt). Museum of Local Lore. The city is divided by the railway into western and eastern parts.
In 1922, writer A.P. Gaidar (Golikov) served in the military and worked on the book “In the Days of Defeats and Victories.”
40 km from Uchum is Lake Uchum, on the southern shore of which there is a mud and balneological resort that has been operating since the beginning of the 20th century. The resort is surrounded by low mountains, on its territory and in the surrounding area there are birch and pine groves. The main natural healing factors - mineral spring water, brine and sulfide silt mud - are used to treat nervous, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal diseases. The mud is superior in quality to similar mud from Lake Saki in Crimea. The first literary information about the lake dates back to 1864, the scientific description of its medicinal properties dates back to 1909.

UYAR, a regional center in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 132 km east of Krasnoyarsk. Located in the foothills of the Eastern Sayan, on the Moscow highway. A railway station on the Trans-Siberian Railway, from here the Sayanskaya - Klyukvennaya branch departs. Population 17.0 thousand people (1992; 20.6 thousand in 1959; 17.2 thousand in 1979).
It dates back to 1760, when retired soldier Ivan Talaleev from the Simbirsk province set up his hut on the bank of the river. Uyarka near a clay ravine (hence the name). A postal station and a Yamskaya hut were then located not far from his house. The settlement grew due to immigrants arriving here from Latvia, Ukraine, the Volga region, and the Oryol province. In 1874, 1060 people lived in the village. At the end of the 19th century. A railway station was built in Ukraine (on the Trans-Siberian Railway). In 1897, the Uyarskaya railway station was renamed Olgino, and from 1906 - Klyukvennaya (named after the track engineer). Gradually, the station and the village of Uyar merged into one settlement. The city of U. - since 1944. In 1973, Klyukvennaya station was renamed U.
A brick factory was opened in Uzbekistan in 1922, in 1926 - the Klyukvensky refractory plant (based on open deposits of refractory clays), in 1948 - a mica pinching shop, then the Uyar mica factory, in 1958 a reinforced concrete structures plant was built, and in 1975 - an asphalt concrete plant.
In modern Ukraine: factories - reinforced concrete products and structures, ceramics, dairy; mica factory; a meat processing plant is being built. People's Theatre.

IGARKA, city (since 1931) in the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk region, port on the river. Yenisei (accessible to sea vessels). Population 9.5 thousand people (2002). Timber mill, etc. Research permafrost station of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

NORILSK, a city in the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk Territory, is located on the Taimyr Peninsula, 300 km north of the Arctic Circle, in the forest-tundra zone, on permafrost, near the river. Norilsk (flows into the Kara Sea under the name Pyasina) and the Norilsk Mountains (northwestern tip of the Central Siberian Plateau), 1.5 thousand km (north) by air and 2 thousand km by water from Krasnoyarsk. Connected by railway and highway with the cities of Talnakh, Kayerkan and the port of Dudinka (on the Yenisei). Alykel Airport (40 km to the west). Population 138 thousand people (2002). Founded in 1935. City since 1953.

One of the northernmost cities in the world.

Main industries: non-ferrous metallurgy (RAO Norilsk Nickel, produces nickel, copper, cobalt, selenium and other metals, in concentrates - precious metals: gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, etc.; OJSC Norilsk Mining Company ); gas production (JSC Norilskgazprom); metalworking, chemical, food and other enterprises. Hydroelectric power station on the Khantaika and Kureyka rivers.

Norilsk. Evening illumination of Leninsky Prospekt.

In the 1860s. In the vicinity of modern Norilsk, the Dudin merchants Sotnikovs built a shaft furnace where they smelted blister copper. In 1919, geological studies of the area began under the leadership of geologist N. N. Urvantsev. In 1935, a decision was made to build the Norilsk plant. Since 1939 - a workers' settlement, since 1953 - a city. In 1935-55. the main workforce was made up of prisoners from Norillag and those released from it (a memorial was built on the site of the camp cemetery). Among those who passed the camp (over 500 thousand people): N. N. Urvantsev, chemist academician A. A. Balandin, writers E. Ya. Drabkina, D. N. Kugultinov, actor G. S. Zhzhenov and others.

Norilsk. Nickel plant site.

Scientific, educational and cultural institutions: a number of research institutes (far North agriculture, polar medicine), polar cosmophysical testing ground of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Norilsk Industrial Institute, Norilsk Economic Institute, branch of the Moscow Institute of Entrepreneurship and Law. Drama Theater. House of Technology with a museum of the history of the exploration and development of the Norilsk industrial region. Art Gallery. Sports Palace "Arctic".

ZAOZERNY, city (since 1948) in the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk region, on the river. Barga. Railroad station. Population 13.6 thousand people (2002). Mica, furniture factories. Plant "Sibvolokno". Near Zaozernoye there is coal mining. Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station-2. Originated in con. 17th century

DUDINKA, a city in the Russian Federation, the center of the Taimyr (Dolgan-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug, is located beyond the Arctic Circle, on permafrost, on the right bank of the river. Yenisei, near the mouth of the river. Dudinka, 2021 km north of Krasnoyarsk. Seaport in the lower reaches of the Yenisei (outport of Norilsk). Railroad station. Population 26.8 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1667. City since 1951.

The northernmost electrified railway and highway on the globe connects Dudinka with Norilsk (96 km) and Alykel airport. Main industrial enterprises: fish factory, ice-free seaport.

Founded as a tribute winter hut by the Streltsy chief Ivan Sorokin. Since 1930, the village of Dudinskoye, the center of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug. In 1936 the first sea pier was built. In 1937, construction of the Dudinka-Norilsk railway began. During the Great Patriotic War, the seaport serving the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine and other facilities was expanded. In 1969, the Messoyakha-Dudinka-Norilsk gas pipeline was laid through the Yenisei. The city has permanent Taimyr geophysical and Lower Yisei oil exploration expeditions. Museum of Local Lore.

NAZAROVO, city (since 1961) in the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk region, on the river. Chulym. Railroad station. Population 62.7 thousand people (2002). Mechanical engineering, food industry; production of building materials. GRES. Museum of Local Lore. Near Nazarovo - brown coal mining.

DIVNOGORSK, a city in the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk Territory, located in the spurs of the Eastern Sayan, on the right bank of the river. Yenisei, 40 km southeast of Krasnoyarsk. Pier. Railroad station. Highway. Population 29.1 thousand people (2001). Founded in 1957. City since 1963.

Main industrial enterprises: low-voltage equipment plant, reinforced concrete products plant, mechanical repair and woodworking plants. Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station.

Since ancient times, on the banks of the Yenisei, at the mouth of the Filaret Stream (named after the hermit Filaret), there existed a small monastery or monastery. In 1888, on the site of modern Divnogorsk, Hieromonk Filaret founded the Krasnoyarsk Znamensky Monastery (closed in 1920). During the Soviet era, a decision was made to build a powerful hydroelectric power station on the Yenisei. In 1957, two villages of construction workers of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station merged into one under the common name Divnogorsk (the name from the Divnye Mountains, located on the opposite, left bank of the Yenisei). The village received city status in 1963.

The Institute for Advanced Training of Forestry Workers is located in the city; There is a Museum of the history of the construction of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station and the city.

Near Divnogorsk there are unique natural monuments: Monk Rock, Filaretov Stream (a ski resort is located here), and individual rocks of the Stolby Nature Reserve.

Sharypovo

Sharypovo, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, regional subordination, regional center, 414 km west of Krasnoyarsk. Located in the foothills of the Kuznetsk Alatau, on the river. Beresh (Chulym basin). Railway station on the branch from Achinsk on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Airport. Population 41.8 thousand people (1992; 6.0 thousand in 1979).
On the site of the modern city there was a village (after 1760 - a village) Sh. (Sharypovskoye). At the end of the 19th century. There was a hospital, a 2-class school, a library, and a bank in the village. The city - since 1981, in 1985-88 was called Chernenko in honor of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee K. U. Chernenko, a native of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Sh. is growing in connection with the formation of the Kansk-Achinsk fuel and energy complex (KATEK). The city is built up with multi-storey buildings, individual cottages with garden plots are being built. Berezovskaya GRES-I and Berezovsky coal mine (19 km north of Sh.).

Turukhansk

Turukhansk, village, regional center in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 1474 km north of Krasnoyarsk. Located at the confluence of the river. Lower Tunguska to Yenisei. Population 8.9 thousand people (1989; 200 people in 1897).
Founded in 1607 as a fortified point at Novaya Mangazeya. In 1782 it was appointed a district town of the Tomsk region. Since 1925 - a rural settlement.

Timashevsk

Timashevsk, a regional center in the Krasnodar Territory, 73 km north of Krasnodar. Located on the Kuban-Azov lowland, on the river. Bricks. A junction of railway lines (to Krasnodar, Krymsk, Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Bataysk) and roads (Yeysk - Krasnodar, etc.). Population 47.8 thousand people (1992; 38.9 thousand in 1979).
City - since 1966. Modern T. is the center of an agricultural region. Food, mainly sugar, industry. Factories: feed mill, hemp, brick, asphalt. Greenhouse plant, agricultural production association; railway transport enterprises.

Talnakh

Talnakh, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, subordinate to the city administration of Norilsk, a satellite of Norilsk, 24 km north of it. Located in the eastern part of the Kharaelakh mountains, on permafrost. Connected by rail and highway to the city. Norilsk, Kayerkan, Dudinka, with Alykel airport, Dudinsky port on the Yenisei. Population 64.7 thousand people (1992; 35.1 thousand in 1979).
Founded on the banks of the river. Talnakh in 1960 as a village in connection with the beginning of the mining of copper-nickel ores for the Norilsk Metallurgical Plant. The village was transformed into a city in 1982. The largest mines in Russia, Mayak (since 1964), Komsomolsky (since 1965), Oktyabrsky, and Taimyrsky, operate in Tashkent. Obage fabric. Small enterprise "Sayany" (pig breeding, growing crops). At the entrance to T. from Norilsk there is an obelisk “First” in honor of the first builders of the city and mines.

Sosnovoborsk

Sosnovoborsk, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, regional subordination, 20 km northeast of Krasnoyarsk. Located on the right bank of the Yenisei, 30 km from the Bazaikha railway station on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Population 30.9 thousand people (1992; 12.9 thousand in 1979).
Founded in 1971 as a workers' settlement in connection with the construction of the Krasnoyarsk plant of automobile and tractor trailers and semi-trailers. Since 1973 it has been called S. (after the pine forests growing in the area). The city - since 1985. In modern S. - thermal power plants, food industry enterprises, etc. A monument in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45.

LESOSIBIRSK, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, regional subordination, 458 km northwest of Krasnoyarsk. Located in the southwest of the Transangar plateau, on the left bank of the Yenisei, near the mouth of the river. Angara. Railroad station. Leningrad is connected by a railway line with Achinsk (274 km) on the Trans-Siberian Railway, by a road with Krasnoyarsk and Yenisei, and by water communication along the Yenisei with Krasnoyarsk and Dudinka. River port, transshipment base for cargo from the railway to river vessels and back. Population 69.9 thousand people (1992; 56.4 thousand in 1939; 16.2 thousand in 1959; 56.4 thousand in 1979).
Leningrad is a large center for processing Siberian timber (hence the name). On the site of L., the village of Maklakov Meadow existed since 1640. In the 19th century the village of Maklakovo is the center of the volost. In 1915-17, a small sawmill operated in Maklakov. After the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, large sawmills were built in the Maklakov area to process Angara pine into lumber for export, and the workers’ settlements of Novomaklakovo and Novoyeniseisk were built. In 1975, the city of Leningrad was formed from the villages of Maklakovo and Novomaklakovo. In 1989, the working settlement of Novoyeniseisk was included in the composition of Leningrad.
In modern Latvia there is a timber and wood-chemical industry: railway sleepers, fiberboards, fastening timber, rosin, etc.). Plants: mast impregnation plant, rosin-extraction plant. Combines: timber handling, wood processing, etc. Pedagogical Institute - a branch of Krasnoyarsk University, a branch of the Siberian Technological Institute. Museum of Forest and Timber. In Leningrad, the taiga adjoins its southern, western and northern quarters. Stacks of wood, lumber and production waste are stored near sawmills.
In Maklakovo in 1903-05, P. A. Zalomov lived in exile, who served as the prototype of Pyotr Vlasov, the hero of M. Gorky’s novel “Mother”.

KRASNOYARSK-45(Zelenogorsk), regional subordination, is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the left bank of the river. Caen, 180 km from the regional center. A railway station on a branch line from Zaozernaya station on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Population 64 thousand people (1991; 48.7 thousand in 1979; 9.2 thousand in 1959).
Founded in 1956 on the site of the former village of Ust-Barga (known since 1735). In 1840-50, a small ironworks was built on the outskirts of the village. In 1896, for the first time in official documents, mention of the old-timer village of Barga on the river appeared. Kan, Rybinsk volost of Kansky district, which had 68 male residents and 71 female residents, had a chapel and a drinking establishment. In 1898, the Barginsky resettlement site was created in the village of Orlovskaya, and at the beginning of the 20th century. the village of Barga became part of the Trinity-Zaozernovskaya volost. In modern K.-45: electrochemical plant, PA "Sibvolokno". GRES. Branch of the Krasnoyarsk Polytechnic Institute. International Youth Space Center. Museums: art, military glory, environmental, firefighting. Stele in honor of the 30th anniversary of the Victory.

KRASNOYARSK-26(Atomgrad), in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 64 km north of Krasnoyarsk. Located on the banks of the small rivers Kantat and Baikal, flowing into the Yenisei. A railway station on a branch from the Bazaikha station on the Trans-Siberian Railway through the Sotsgorod station to the industrial facility of the Mining and Chemical Combine. Population 97.5 thousand people (1991; 86.2 thousand in 1979).
In the early 1950s. The government of the USSR decided to build uranium-graphite reactors for the production of plutonium-239 (material for atomic bombs) in Siberia, in the area of ​​the middle reaches of the Yenisei, as far as possible from the borders of the USSR. A group of surveyors from Leningrad carried out engineering surveys on the territory of the future city. In the 1950s The Directorate for the Construction of Iron Mines of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was created (later renamed the Construction Directorate "Sibkhimstroy"), a construction and installation office (later - the trust "Sibkhimmontazh"). At the same time, the first camp departments were organized to use prisoners as labor in the construction of industrial facilities (they were completely disbanded in 1958). In 1954, the residential settlement received the status of a city instead of post office box 9 and was named K.-26, according to secret documents - Zheleznogorsk. In 1958, the mining and chemical plant came into operation. In 1959, a large industrial enterprise appeared - the Research and Production Association of Applied Mechanics, which creates Earth satellites.
In modern K.-26, in addition to the mining and chemical plant, there are NPO applied mechanics, the construction and industrial joint-stock company "Sibkhimstroy", and the trust "Sibkhimmontazh". Krasnoyarsk branch of the Research Institute of Integrated Energy Technology, East Siberian branch of Ipromashprom, branch of the Krasnoyarsk Polytechnic Institute, educational and consulting center of the Krasnoyarsk Polytechnic Institute.
The city gained world fame in 1989 in connection with the construction of the so-called site-27 - an enterprise for the processing and disposal of spent nuclear waste. Similar “storages” exist only in France and Sweden.
In K.-26: Operetta Theater named after K. S. Stanislavsky; puppet theater "Golden Key". Museum of the History of the City. Zoo. Park of Culture and Leisure named after S. M. Kirov. In the development of K.-26, the building of the Palace of Culture named after the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution at the mining and chemical plant in the neoclassical style (1950s, designed by architect B. G. Mashin) stands out.

KODINSK, in the Kezhemsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 735 km northeast of Krasnoyarsk. Located on the Angara plateau, 12 km from the river. Angara (pier), 264 km from the Karabula railway station on a branch from the Trans-Siberian Railway. Airport. Population 15.4 thousand people (1992).
It emerged as a village in 1977 in connection with the construction of the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station. It got its name from the village of Kodinskaya Zaimka, founded in 1930 as a settlement of “special settlers”. Since 1978 - the working settlement of Kodinsky, since 1989 - the city of K. In modern K.: a large-panel house-building plant; forest industry enterprises. Branch of the Kezhemsky Historical and Ethnographic Museum.

KAYERKAN, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, subordinate to the Norilsk city administration, 30 km west of Norilsk, a satellite city of Norilsk, 1560 km north of Krasnoyarsk. It is located in a permafrost zone. The railway and the Talnakh-Norilsk-Dudinka highway pass through K. Alykel Airport (15 km west of the city). Population 28.3 thousand people (1992).
Founded in 1943 as a settlement of miners, builders, and later metallurgists (built by prisoners). Since 1957 - a working village, since 1982 - a city. In modern Kazakhstan there is the Nadezhdinsky Metallurgical Plant (working on local polymetallic ores and coal), open pits and coal mines. Research laboratory of non-ferrous metals. The urban development is distinguished by its peculiar compactness: the inner part of the city is, as it were, protected from the blizzard by 9-story buildings that form a circle and weaken the force of the wind.

IGARKA, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, regional subordination, 1779 km north of Krasnoyarsk. Located on the banks of the Igarsk channel of the Yenisei, 163 km north of the Arctic Circle. Built on permafrost. The average annual air temperature in the I. region is 10.5 °C. During June - July there is a polar day, in December - January there is twilight and polar night. A large port accessible for sea vessels from the Yenisei Gulf. Airport. I. is connected by water (during navigation) and air communication with Krasnoyarsk, Dudinka and other cities of the region. Population 17.9 thousand people (1992; 23.3 thousand in 1939; 14.2 thousand in 1959; 16.9 thousand in 1979).
For the first time, the Igarskaya (Igorskaya) deep-water channel, protected from storms by the high right bank, was explored and mapped in the middle of the 18th century. participants of the Great Northern Expedition, officers of the Russian fleet Fyodor Minin and Khariton Laptev. There is a version that the city originates from the small village of Igorki, the name of which comes from a distortion of the name of the owner of the hunting and fishing grounds, Yegor Shiryaev. Since 1929, a port was built here. I. arose as a center of the sawmill industry and a port for the export of timber, a city since 1931. In the 1930-50s. I. - a place of political and other exile; The city was built mainly by prisoners. In 1941, a fishing plant and a shipyard were built.
The main enterprise of modern India is a lumber mill that processes pine, larch, and cedar wood rafted along the Yenisei into lumber for export. There is a fish factory. Hydrographic base of the Morflot, geological exploration expeditions. Research permafrost station of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the Permafrost Museum. Branch of the Institute of Experimental Medicine (for the study and prevention of scurvy). Museum of the history of development of the Yenisei North.
Arctic explorer O. Yu. Schmidt, polar explorer I. D. Papanin, and actress V. N. Pashennaya (organizer of the People's Theater in India in 1936) visited India.
Most of the city is built up with wooden houses; Sidewalks and pavements were also built from wood. Among the monuments are the Stele of Polar Sailors; obelisk to fellow countrymen who died in battles with German fascists and Japanese militarists in 1941-45.

BORODINO, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, regional subordination, 186 km northeast of Krasnoyarsk. Located at the northern foot of the Eastern Sayan, 18 km southwest of the Zaozernaya railway station on the Krasnoyarsk - Taishet line. Population 18.8 thousand people (1992; 9.8 thousand in 1959; 11.1 thousand in 1979).
Established in 1949 as a coal miners' settlement at the Irsha-Borodinsky coal mine (Kansk-Achinsk basin). It got its name from the village of Borodino (5 km from the modern city), founded by soldiers of the Semenovsky regiment, participants in the Patriotic War of 1812, who served exile here for the performance of the Life Guards in St. Petersburg in 1820. The city has been since 1981. Brown coal mining (mine "Borodinsky"); mechanical repair plant.

BOGOTOL, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, regional subordination, regional center, 252 km west of Krasnoyarsk. Located on the northern spurs of the Arga ridge, in their southern part. Railway station on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Population 27.3 thousand people (1992; 27.8 thousand in 1979).
It emerged in 1893 as a railway station during the construction of the railway. It got its name from the village of the same name, 8 km from the railway. Since 1911 - a city in the Tomsk province. In modern Belarus: car repair and tool factories; bakery, creamery; household goods factory. People's Locomotive Depot Museum. It is being built up with multi-storey buildings. Near the city there is a brown coal deposit.

ARTEMOVSK, in the Kuraginsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 862 km south of Krasnoyarsk. Located on the southwestern slopes of the Eastern Sayan, 12 km from the Koshurnikovo railway station on the Abakan - Taishet line. Population 4.5 thousand people (1992; 9.7 thousand in 1959; 6.9 thousand in 1979).
It arose in 1860 in connection with the beginning of gold mining as the village of Olkhovsky near the mine. In 1939 it was transformed into the city of A., named in honor of the revolutionary Artyom (F. A. Sergeev). In modern A. - PA "Yeniseyzoloto". Along with gold, copper and silver are extracted from ore.

Krasnoyarsk is the youngest million-plus city in the Russian Federation. The anniversary resident was born on April 10, 2012. At the beginning of 2015, the population of the city of Krasnoyarsk was just over 1,052,000 people. For the first time in many decades, since 2009, there has been a positive dynamics in the birth rate, that is, the number of births is greater than the number of deaths over a certain period. However, the basis for the rapid growth of the population of the regional center is still labor migrants.

History in numbers

Krasnoyarsk is a rare example when an ancient Siberian fort, founded by pioneering Cossacks and merchants in 1628, was reborn into a modern metropolis. Other settlements founded in the 16th and 17th centuries - Tobolsk, Mangazeya, Okhotsk, Verkhoturye, Narym, Tara and others - were destined to either disappear or lead a quiet provincial life.

However, the city did not immediately become a major industrial center. For two centuries since its founding, the population of Krasnoyarsk did not exceed 3,000 people. Only by the middle of the 19th century did it increase to 6,000, when the settlement became the administrative center of the Yenisei province, formed in 1822.

Since the 1830s, the area and its natural resources began to be actively developed by large industrialists. In 1833 the Znamensky glass factory was erected, and in 1853 - a faience factory. The organization of shipping along the Yenisei, the construction of the railway (1895), and the development of gold mines attracted thousands of migrants from other Russian provinces. By the beginning of the 20th century, the population of Krasnoyarsk exceeded 30,000 inhabitants.

With the advent of Soviet power, there was a sharp increase in the industrial potential of the capital of Krasnoyarsk. If in 1923 there were 60,000 residents living here, then in 1939 there were already more than 180,000. It must be recognized that the population of Krasnoyarsk increased sharply during the Great Patriotic War. Being located deep in the rear, the industrially developed region became a convenient “safe haven” where large enterprises were evacuated from the west of the USSR. Many workers who arrived remained to live in the city. Over the next 15 years, the number of city residents almost doubled - to 328,000 in 1956.

Modern times

By the end of the Soviet era, Krasnoyarsk became one of the largest Siberian centers, second only to Novosibirsk and Omsk. The birth of the millionth resident was expected by 1990. However, the ensuing economic depression led to a sharp outflow of residents. The city had never seen such a mass exodus: in five years, the population of Krasnoyarsk decreased by 40,000 (to 869,000 in 1995).

The gradual improvement of the economy, the discovery of new mineral deposits, and socio-demographic projects made it possible to increase the population: the population of Krasnoyarsk reached 900,000 in 2002. Ten years later, in the spring of 2012, the millionth resident was registered.

Population dynamics by year

• 1856 - 6400 people.
• 1897 - 26700 hours
• 1923 - 60400 hours
• 1939 - 186100 hours
• 1956 - 328,000 hours
• 1967 - 576,000 hours
• 1979 - 796,300 hours
• 1989 - 912600 hours
• 1996 - 871,000 hours
• 2002 - 909300 h.
• 2009 - 947800 hours
• 2015 - 1052200 hours

Forecast for the future

The Department of Social Protection of the Population of Krasnoyarsk has compiled a demographic forecast for the medium term. According to officials, the urban population will continue to grow, but will decrease slightly. According to the master development plan, in 2033 the number of residents should reach 1,300,000 people - mainly due to movement from other areas of the region.

Work migration

It is no secret that the explosive growth in the number of metropolitan residents over the past 10 years is explained by labor migration. Moreover, the largest flow of migrants comes from other regions of Krasnoyarsk. As a result, despite the steady population growth, there is an acute shortage of personnel in the regions. For example, 600,000 people are not enough to develop the resources and settle the Lower Angara region! The richest reserves of hydrocarbons have been explored here, large factories are being built (pulp and paper, production of MDF boards, aluminum), but there are not enough. Obviously, no matter how much you persuade the population of Krasnoyarsk to move for permanent residence to Lesosibirsk, Kodinsk or Boguchany, people will prefer the more comfortable living conditions of the regional capital.

There is a migration of immigrants from the CIS and Baltic countries to the territory of the region. In the mid-90s, the leadership was held by residents of Ukraine, and since the 2000s, the largest percentage of migrants came from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. From January 1, 1992 to January 1, 2004, the total increase in migrants from abroad amounted to 64,500 people in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Mostly migrants settle in large cities. Thus, the largest number of migrants live in Krasnoyarsk, Sharypovo, Achinsk, and Lesosibirsk. Among the districts, Emelyanovsky and Berezovsky are the leaders, which is explained by their territorial proximity to the metropolis.

Krasnoyarsk region

While the main city of the region is growing steadily, the population in the Krasnoyarsk Territory as a whole has not yet reached the levels of the early 2000s. Demographic statistics are as follows:

• 1959 - 2,204,000 people.
• 1970 - 2516000 hours
• 1989 - 3,027,000 hours
• 2000 - 3,022,000 hours
• 2100 - 2828000 hours
• 2015 - 2858000 hours

At the moment, natural population growth is observed in most regions of the region with a coefficient of 0.1-0.2 per 1000 people. It is gratifying that positive dynamics are also observed among the majority of indigenous peoples.

National composition of the region

According to the results of the All-Russian Census of 2002, 2,966,042 people lived in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which is 2.4% less than in 1989 (including 39,786 people living in the territory of Taimyr, 17,697 in the territory of Evenkia).

From 1989 to 2002, the share of Russians in the region’s population decreased slightly (by 0.8%) and amounted to 88.9%, or 2,638,281 inhabitants. In most districts and settlements (with the exception of places of compact residence of ethnic communities), the Russian population constitutes the overwhelming majority. In Taimyr and Evenkia their share reaches 58.6% and 61.9%, respectively. The share of the non-Russian population in the Krasnoyarsk Territory by 2002 (compared to 1989) decreased from 12.4 to 11.1% (from 378,051 to 327,761 people).

At the same time, the number of nationalities represented in the population structure of the region increased from 128 to 137. The results of the 2002 census draw attention to the significant increase in residents who did not want to indicate their nationality: their number increased 3.6 times (from 4395 to 15822 people).

National composition of Krasnoyarsk

City statistics differ little from regional statistics, which is natural. The latest 2010 census did not reveal any significant deviations from the 2002 data. The administration collected information about 974,591 people, including determining their number by national composition. The population of Krasnoyarsk was distributed as follows:

Due to the difficult situation in Ukraine, refugees from Donbass and Luhansk region are being accommodated in the region. There are no statistical data yet on how they affect the composition and structure of the population. Among the newcomers there are many women and children, and it is unclear whether they will stay in the city forever or return to their homeland after the resolution of the military conflict.

Conclusion

The population of Krasnoyarsk at this stage of development is rapidly increasing. This is the fastest growing million-plus city in Russia. This phenomenon is facilitated by several key factors: the presence of a developed industry and relatively high positive dynamics of the birth rate, a favorable average age of the population - 37.7 years (according to the 2010 census), external and

According to experts, Krasnoyarsk is attractive for labor migrants for several reasons. Firstly, the city is characterized by the development of the construction industry, which predominantly employs migrants. Secondly, an important role is played by the active work of the relevant national-cultural associations, whose tasks include immigrants.

There are many visitors from neighboring regions and republics. Most migrants come from Khakassia, Tyva, Buryatia, Irkutsk and Kemerovo regions. First of all, they are attracted by the favorable socio-economic situation, the amenities of the city, the availability of programs to support immigrants, and the availability of jobs. Krasnoyarsk is a modern city where both local residents and visitors feel comfortable.