What is affected by lactic acid. How to remove lactic acid from muscles. Simple tips for quick recovery. Delayed or Belated Pain Syndrome
Lactic Acid (Lactate) - α-hydroxypropionic (2-hydroxypropanoic) acid.
- mp 25-26 ° C optically active (+) - or (-) - form.
- t pl 18 ° C racemic form.
Lactic acid is formed during lactic fermentation of sugars, in particular in sour milk, during the fermentation of wine and beer.
In this lesson we will look at the process of lactic acid fermentation. This is an important part of our muscle, the ability to regenerate after it is worked out too much. You will also learn about the products of this process and even its equation. Then you can test your knowledge with a quiz!
What is lactic acid fermentation?
Our muscles sometimes scream from tension we put on them, trying to work to meet the requirements of sec. When we rush too fast or work too hard, our body’s oxygen supply can keep up with the need. That is, when our muscles switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation is the process by which our muscle cells cope with pyruvate during anaerobic respiration.
Exchange regulator:
- Interaction n-oxydiphenyl and sulfuric acid:
With careful heating of lactic acid with concentrated sulfuric acid, it first forms acetic aldehyde and formic acid; the latter decomposes immediately:
CH 3 CH (OH) COOH → CH 3 CHO + HCOOH (→ H 2 O + CO)
Acetic aldehyde interacts with n-oxydiphenyl, and, apparently, condensation occurs in o-position to the OH group with the formation of 1,1-di (oxydiphenyl) ethane:
When our cells need energy, they destroy simple molecules such as glucose. The process of glucose decomposition is anaerobically called glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell and does not include oxygen. Cells convert pyruvate, glycolysis products, to lactic acid.
When glycolysis is complete, two pyruvate molecules remain. Typically, these pyruvates change and enter mitochondria. Once in the mitochondria, aerobic respiration will break them further, releasing more energy. However, there are times when our muscle cells do not receive the oxygen they need for aerobic respiration. This happens when we work too hard. They still need energy, so they perform glycolysis, but then cannot perform aerobic respiration. when they turn to lactic acid fermentation.
In a solution of sulfuric acid, it slowly oxidizes to a purple product of unknown composition. Therefore, as with the detection of glycolic acid using 2,7-dioxinaphthalene, in this case, the aldehyde reacts with phenol, in which concentrated sulfuric acid acts as a condensing agent and oxidizing agent. The same color reaction is given by α-hydroxybutyric and pyruvic acid. Reaction execution: Pour 1 ml of lactic acid into the test tube, and then a little potassium permanganate solution acidified with sulfuric acid. Heat for 2 minutes over low heat. There is a smell of acetic acid. C 3 H 6 O 3 + [O] \u003d C 3 H 4 O 3 + H 2 O The product of this reaction may be pyruvic acid C 3 H 4 O 3, which also has the smell of acetic acid. C 3 H 6 O 3 + [O] \u003d C 3 H 4 O 3 + H 2 O However, pyruvic acid is unstable under normal conditions and quickly oxidizes to acetic acid, so the reaction proceeds according to the general equation: C 3 H 6 O 3 + 2 [O] \u003d CH 3 COOH + CO 2 + H 2 O That is, glucose is destroyed by glycolysis into 2 pyruvates, and then these pyruvates are fermented to produce 2 lactic acid molecules. This is shown in the diagram. In short, this is the breakdown of a glucose molecule. Glycolysis first occurs, followed by lactic acid fermentation. The molecule looks like a diagram here. This happens when we train too fast or hard, because the oxygen supply cannot keep up with the need. This happens when our muscles switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation. Application and receipt Used in food industry as a preservative, food supplement E270. By polycondensation of lactic acid, PLA plastic is obtained. And the molecule for lactic acid looks like this. If you are a great reader of the benefits of health and exercise, you have probably heard of the compound that builds up in your body when you exercise hard for a long time. This is lactic acid formed as a result of energy processes in your body. In this lesson, you will learn a little more about lactic acid: its structure, formula, and use. Lactic acid is known by many names, such as. Pay attention to how the last two differ in spelling so slightly that it is almost imperceptible. Since the three names above are quite difficult to write and pronounce, we will call it the plain old lactic acid in this lesson. Get lactic acid lactic acid fermentation of glucose (enzymatic reaction): C 6 H 12 O 6 → 2CH 3 CH (OH) COOH + 21.8 · 10 4 J
Reaction execution: In a dry test tube, a drop of the test solution with 1 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid is heated for 2 minutes in a water bath at 85 ° C. After that, it is cooled under a tap to 28 ° C, a small amount of solid is added n-oxydiphenyl and, having mixed several times, allow to stand for 10-30 minutes. Violet staining appears gradually and after a while becomes deeper. Opening minimum: 1.5 · 10 −6 g of lactic acid. Sports Nutrition and Lactic Acid
Most athletes do not even imagine what happens to their muscles under various loads. Term "lactic acid" It is known to many as a barrier to muscle growth. Why this happens, we will try to find out.
Lactic acid has a viscous consistency. It is odorless and colorless or yellow. This liquid is above 8 ° C and forms crystals below this temperature. Its formula is written out in one of two general ways. C is carbon; H is hydrogen; and O means oxygen. Its structure can be shown two-dimensional or three-dimensional, as shown in these images.
While your body can most specifically make lactic acid on its own, it would not do nearly enough for all the things the world relies on lactic acid for. Lactic acid is produced industrially, either synthetically or by fermentation. Fermentation involves the use of nutrients such as amino acids, peptides, vitamins, salts, glucose, sucrose and lactose. These nutrients combine with microbes, which then use the nutrients to produce lactic acid.
Lactic acid in the muscles. Introduction to Theory
Often, after in the gym, or after strong unusual loads on the body, the next morning one feels discomfort and pain in the muscles, simply speaking it is impossible to move “neither with a hand nor with a foot”. All of these descriptions are attributed to lactic acid.
Muscle lactic acid- This is an auxiliary product involved in physiological processes in the process of loads on the body. Lactic acid is a clear fluid and its accumulation can lead to muscle acidification during strength training.
The mechanism of action of lactic acid
Personal and medical products Cleaning products Food preservatives Additives for coloring and coating Electric products Laundry products Dairy products, such as yogurt Dishwashing detergents Furniture care products. Let's look a little closer to some of these applications.
Personal and medical products
First, we have medical care and personal products. Now it may seem strange to you, but it is true. Lactic acid creams can be used to treat dry, itchy, and scaly skin. Such creams act as a moisturizer and keratolytic.
In order for the body to store energy during physical exertion, glucose is used, which goes through the process of splitting. The final decomposition product of lactic acid is lactate ion, not oxidizing, which can accumulate and not be eliminated from the body in time. When the lactate concentration is full, there is a burning sensation in the working muscle. Of course, during rest, the concentration of lactic acid decreases, but the more often the load on the muscles, the more accumulation.
Humidifier is a moisturizing agent. Think: a humidifier - both the humidifier and the humidifier begin with a “hum”. Keratolytic is a tool that helps cleanse the upper layers of the skin. This and lactic acid help your skin form a fat barrier that protects it from drying out.
Another famous place where you will find the form of lactic acid is cleaning products. Lactic acid, well, acid! Therefore, when lactic acid is added to food, it lowers the pH of the food. This lowered pH makes it less likely that some dangerous strains of bacteria will survive, as these strains may need a higher pH to live. Lactic acid is a compound formed as a result of energy production processes in your body, as well as one substance that is produced on an industrial scale for many applications.
It is believed that "milk", as it is commonly called in common people, can adversely affect muscle tissue and prevent them from fully functioning. But it is not so. After training, blood instantly rushes to the muscle and leaches lactic acid into the general bloodstream, and, entering the liver, turns back into glucose. Glucose enters the bloodstream for future use. The process of such decay is called the Corey cycle.
Lactic acid in the muscles. Introduction to Theory
It is produced synthetically or by fermentation. The latter combines nutrients and microbes to produce lactic acid on an industrial scale. It can also be used in personal care products: lactic acid cream helps people with dry, itchy and scaly skin, acting as a moisturizer and keratolytic.
Why is lactic acid not excreted on its own?
A moisturizer helps moisturize, and a keratolytic helps cleanse the skin. A few hours ago, you finished an intensive gym session and your muscles begin to hurt. Some people think - wrongly - that the fermentation of lactic acid in the muscles causes this soreness several hours or days after you manifest yourself. Fermentation of lactic acid has little effect on the delay in the onset of muscle pain.
Sometimes, an athlete has an unusual sensation during unusual physical exertion (new exercises or an increase in the amount of exertion). This sensation is called “delayed muscle pain” (ZMB), which leads to micro-tearing of muscle fibers due to overloads on the muscles. Due to these wounds, the body activates its protective reserves, protein synthesis is enhanced when the secretion of hormones that heal and suppress inflammation increases. At the end of this process, the muscle adds in volume and weight.
Fermenting lactic acid makes you feel a burning sensation in your working muscles during exercise, but not after. This is because your muscle cells are exposed to energy. Your body uses muscles at work that require constant oxygen supplementation in a process called aerobic metabolism, where energy is produced from the muscles using oxygen. When you use your muscles to a greater extent, your muscles require more energy than your body's ability.
In this oxygen-deprived state, muscle cells switch to an anaerobic process called glycolysis, which generates energy from the breakdown of glucose. Glycolysis is a metabolic reaction in which glucose breaks down to produce a substance called pyruvate. Pyruvate is the end product of the glycolysis process, and it supplies energy to the muscles. Pyruvate provides energy to cells when oxygen is present by oxidation to produce carbon dioxide. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is fermented to produce lactic acid.
This raises the question: “Can ZMB affect muscle growth?”. Of course, we can say that the body can adapt to any changes, so do not blame yourself that the muscles stopped hurting. This suggests that the body gets used to the loads. But, if you want to constantly feel a burning sensation in the muscles, then you do not need to engage in the same program for more than 3 months, the exercises should be performed more intensively.
Lactic acid is used by your muscle cells to continue the process of glucose metabolism for energy production. Anaerobic energy production can continue at a high speed for more than three minutes, during which lactic acid can build up in your muscles. High levels of lactic acid will increase muscle acidity. Then, glucose in the muscles is inhibited in this acidic medium, which slows down the ability to further metabolize glucose. This is a natural way for your body to try to prevent muscle damage and restore balance.
There are many myths about lactic acid. Most athletes believe that lactic acid "kills" the muscles. But, this judgment is not true, because it affects the production of energy during physical exertion, and also serves as fuel for the liver, which is a natural process of the body to overcome stressful situations.
You really feel the accumulation of lactic acid during training - it is a burning pain and cramps in your muscles. Other causes point to an eccentric muscle contraction that occurs when a muscle lengthens, when it accepts a load, and cannot shorten. muscle can also cause soreness.
Everything that you have been taught about lactic acid is wrong. There are many myths about lactic acid. Perhaps the most important thing is the opinion that there is lactic acid in the human body. The body actually produces lactate, which is lactic acid minus one proton.
During the production of “milk” in the body, it breaks down into the lactate anion and hydrogen ion, which is an acid and interferes with delivering brain signals to the muscles, slowing and weakening muscle contractions. Thanks to these hydrogen ions that accumulate in the muscle, a burning sensation occurs. Just due to the accumulation of these ions, muscle fatigue is felt, not at all due to the accumulation of lactic acid.
Lactic acid formation during glucose breakdown
The difference between lactic acid and lactate for all practical purposes is semantic. But other popular beliefs about lactic acid are about as wrong as wrong. Most triathletes believe that lactate is the end product of anaerobic muscle metabolism, which causes local muscle fatigue, increasing the acidity of tissues to such an extent that they can no longer function effectively. In fact, we now know that lactate is an intermediate between anaerobic and aerobic muscle metabolism, which serves as both direct and indirect fuel for muscle contraction and delays fatigue in several different ways.
Lactic acid lactate is very beneficial for the body, as It is a jet fuel for muscle fibers during training and exertion. It is very important for providing the body with carbohydrates. Lactate can be used in its pure form, it will be much more effective for performance and recovery of the body. With skillful use of this product, muscle overload and fatigue can be prevented.
Our new understanding of the nature and function of lactate is interesting to all athletes who are interested in how the human body works. But does this have any practical significance? Does the new science of lactate offer a different approach to learning than the old science? However, before we get to this, let's take a closer look at how classical ideas about lactate were revealed as myths and replaced by almost opposite explanations. Later studies showed that lactate is produced by anaerobic glycolysis or the breakdown of glucose or glycogen molecules for energy without the aid of oxygen.
Muscle Lactic Acid Essentials
Lactic acid does not cause muscle pain or cramps
Sometimes, as a result of damage to muscle fibers after intense training, unpleasant pain is felt. Thanks to the immune system, dead pieces of tissue that can build up in the muscles exit the body. Due to the overexcitation of nerve fibers in the muscles and the accumulation of fatigue, cramps can occur. It should not be forgotten that lactate is a source of fuel spent on restoring the body during physical exertion.
Lactic acid formation during glucose breakdown
As a result of this process, cells produce ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), which plays an extremely important role in the exchange of energy and substances in the body. This compound is known as an energy source for all biochemical processes in living systems. Lactic acid is formed through metabolism, without oxygen. The ATP process is ideal to meet the body's energy needs.
Lactic acid can form in muscles that receive enough oxygen.
It is known that with intense physical exertion, white muscle fibers that process carbohydrates are included in the work. During the breakdown of carbohydrates, lactic acid is formed in the muscles. Accordingly, the more physical activity, the more acid, due to the intense breakdown of carbohydrates.
The production of lactic acid is carried out during the breakdown of carbohydrates and energy
If the breakdown process of glucose and glycogen is more intense, then, accordingly, the consistency of "milk" will be much larger. During rest after strength training, the human body uses fats as fuel. But, the more often you devote yourself to power loads, the faster your body gets used to carbohydrates, as a source of fuel. It can be said that the more carbohydrates used, the more lactic acid is produced.
Properly organized training allows you to speed up the process of removing lactic acid from the muscles
Of course, with an increase in physical activity and timely rest between workouts, it is possible to achieve maximum withdrawal of lactic acid from muscle tissue. For the effective use of "milk", you should include in the training program exercises that promote the removal of lactate from the muscles. For example, weight loss exercises. In addition, in any exercise contribute to the rapid withdrawal of lactic acid.
Basically, the withdrawal of “milk” from the muscles increases due to the alternation of strength training with cardio loads. Accordingly, the more lactic acid accumulates during exercise, the more intensive is the production of enzymes that accelerate the use of acid as a fuel.
Hence the conclusion that the training program should contribute to the withdrawal of lactic acid in the process of training. In general, we can say that lactic acid, especially lactate, is useful for the body, without which it is impossible to imagine any high-quality workout. After all, lactate is necessary for the body as a jet fuel, which is very important for the heart and muscles, in the process of training. It is also used for the synthesis of liver glycogen and is a very important component of sports drinks and prevents muscle fatigue. Lactate is especially useful for runners, swimmers and cyclists, as they are considered the most energetic sports that require a large amount of energy.
An important role is also played by foods high in carbohydrates, which are a source of glucose. Glucose fills the body of athletes with energy, and is also a restorer of muscle fibers after physical exertion on the body.
How to prevent the appearance of lactic acid?
Often, most novice athletes experience inconvenience during training, which leads to a burning sensation in muscle tissue. By following a few tips, you can increase your workout comfort level. Here are some tips to keep your lactic acid concentration to a minimum:
- training should begin with an easy warm-up;
- at the end of training, it is worth stretching the muscles;
- it’s worth increasing the load only after your muscles are ready for this;
- should fully recover after training;
How to promote the excretion of lactic acid in the muscles?
Of course, it is impossible to stop the accumulation of “milk”, but pain and discomfort in the muscles can be prevented. For example, going to the sauna or a hot tub are considered the most effective. As a result, when the body heats up, blood circulation increases and lactic acid is excreted much faster. In order to reduce the risk of muscle pain after training, you need to drink plenty of fluids (at least 3 liters per day). Water helps to remove decomposition products from the body and accelerates metabolic processes.
So, we can conclude that lactic acid performs the function of fuel in the body, especially during rest and training. It serves for the synthesis of glycogen and is a source of jet fuel for the body. Lactate, as a fuel source, is consumed during acidification of muscles, such as cardiac or skeletal. Also, lactate is a substitute for fluid lost during training. However, an excess of lactic acid can lead to fatigue in the muscles during exercise. In order to properly use lactic acid as a fuel, you should alternate cardio loads with strength exercises. High-intensity training allows the cardiovascular system to reduce the production of milk in the muscles. The greater the load during training, the more intensive the consumption of fatty acids to generate energy and, accordingly, the process of synthesis of acid from carbohydrates slows down.
Lactic acid is responsible for burning in muscle fibers, but is not a source of pain the next day. To get rid of muscle discomfort and reduce the risk of sports injuries, exercise regularly, but in the first days of classes, calculate the load.
