1 In the field of physics, the six heaviest elements of the periodic table were synthesized. This was attended by scientists from the laboratory. Flerova. It is located at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna near Moscow. These new substances have received official recognition from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

2 Creation of technologies for obtaining light radiation of the highest power. This power is based on the parametric amplification of light that occurs in non-linear optical crystals. This facility was built at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Nizhny Novgorod.

It gives out a powerful impulse, which is more powerful than all the power plants on the planet.

The creation of powerful laser systems makes it possible to study extreme physical processes. It also became possible to obtain laser neutron sources with unique properties.

3 Physicists from the Russian nuclear center in the city of Sarov managed to obtain powerful magnetic fields. The magnetic field obtained as a result of a scientific experiment is millions of times greater than the strength of the earth's magnetic field. These magnetic fields make it possible to study the behavior of superconductors and other substances under extreme conditions.

4 Scientists from the University of Gubkin found evidence of the non-biological origin of oil and gas. These minerals may also come from complex processes in the Earth's upper mantle.

thus, oil and gas will never run out, as was previously believed.

5 No less important geographical discovery on Earth was the discovery by Russian scientists in Antarctica of a lake under the ice, which was called "Vostok". The discovery was made thanks to radar observations and seismic sounding. As a result of drilling a well at the Vostok station, scientists received data on what the climate on Earth was like in the distant past. It also became possible to draw a conclusion about the change in temperature and CO2 concentration. This lake was isolated from the whole world for about 1 million years. Scientists suggest that this discovery will help to understand on which planet in the Universe the existence of life is possible.

Lake Vostok

6 The remains of dwarf mammoths were discovered by Russian scientists on. It was previously believed that mammoths became extinct in historical time. Thanks to the use of radiocarbon dating, it turned out that the last mammoths lived on this island around 2000 BC.

7 Siberian archaeologists have discovered a third type of human being, which is called "Denisovites". Previously, only two types of ancient people were known to science: Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons. The bones of new people were found in the Denisova cave, which was discovered in Altai. This people lived in Eurasia 40 thousand years ago.

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8 Information about water on Mars. According to ground-based observations and observations received from scientific instruments on American and European probes, the assumptions about the presence of water ice on Mars were confirmed. They were detected by the Russian device HAND. It was created at the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Ice was found in the middle latitudes and at the very poles of Mars. Also on this planet, our scientists have found absorption lines of methane. For research, an infrared spectrometer at the Hawaiian CFHT telescope was used. Methane is emitted on earth as a result of the vital activity of living beings. Measurements from the European probe "Mars-Express" confirmed these sensational data.

9 New hypotheses about human migration on Earth. Russian anthropologists, based on the results of studying the folklore and myths of the peoples of Siberia and America, proved the possibility of determining the directions of movement of primitive tribes. These data are confirmed by archaeological excavations and the science of genetics.

10 For proving one of the seven Millennium Challenges ( "The Poincaré Hypothesis") mathematician from Russia G. Perelman in 2002 was awarded a prize of 2 million rubles. But he refused it, which attracted the attention of all the media in the world. The mathematician explained his decision by the fact that his successes are no more than other famous scientists of the world, who also came very close to this result. The mathematician also refused a $1 million prize from the American Clay Mathematical Institute and the Henri Poincaré Institute in Paris.

11 The study of the 20-meter Chelyabinsk meteorite was also an important event in Russian science. Thanks to the analyzes carried out at the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, it was assigned to the class of ordinary chondrites.

The age of the asteroid, according to experts, was 4.56 billion years, that is, the same as the entire solar system is now.

During the movement of the earth, the asteroid flew at a short distance from the sun. Scientists made this conclusion based on the presence of traces of melting and crystallization processes that were found on meteorite fragments.

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More achievements

The Russian Academy of Sciences over the past 20 years has demonstrated many achievements in various scientific fields. For example, a new method for studying quantum integrable models has been developed. Models based on hydrothermodynamics were also built to analyze global environmental changes. The creation of the MVS-1000/M multiprocessor computer system is of great importance for world science.

It has a performance of 1 trillion operations per second and is the most powerful supercomputer in Russia.

The Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences presented the results of long-term measurements of the neutrino flux from the Sun. For this, the gallium-germanium neutrino telescope of the Baksan observatory was used. Thanks to these results, it became possible to revise ideas about the role of neutrinos in the evolution of the Universe and the structure of elementary particles. The successful launch of the CORONAS-F spacecraft will make it possible to better study the processes on the Sun and their impact on our planet.

At the Physico-Technical Institute. A.F. Ioffe developed a new design of lasers and laser diodes, which can operate continuously even at room temperature. The use of technology of heterostructures with limiting dimensional quantization has made Russia a leader in this field. The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Academician Zh. I. Alferov for research on semiconductor heterostructures.

The Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics and Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences has developed the concept of a new generation of wind tunnels. This made it possible to create complex gas-dynamic processes in the hypersonic speed range. The Institute of Organic Chemistry has created an oxide-metal system with a high content of lattice oxygen. When reacting with methane, it became possible to obtain a gas with a selectivity of 95%.

Crisis of science

At the same time, many scientists believe that Russian science is in a state of crisis. For example, Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. Aldoshin at the Ural Scientific Forum, which was held in Yekaterinburg, expressed an opinion about the destruction of branch science in the country. In Soviet times, it linked the scientific community and industrial enterprises. In the 90s, she simply did not exist, according to Aldoshin. Industry funding has deteriorated significantly. The investment of commercial enterprises in science has become unprofitable, since concrete scientific solutions from scientists have ceased to come. Thus, sectoral science has remained on state support, which is not distinguished by large amounts of financial injections. This is reflected in the number of publications and discoveries of Russian scientists. Many scientists and analysts believe that the disappearance of the science-intensive industry has led to a real collapse of Russian science. It was she who was the main customer of scientific developments.

The main reason for the decline was the weak funding of science, which is still several times less compared to the United States and China. In the 1990s, the number of scientific and design organizations and design bureaus decreased. During these years, the emigration of researchers and university graduates from the country increased sharply, which caused enormous damage to the country's budget. During these years, many developed scientific technologies were lost, which were never introduced into production.

Russia has lost its scientific positions in almost all sectors. Not only fundamental science suffered, but also its practical branches. Among them, one can especially note the decline in nuclear energy. Compared to world scientific research, Russia accounts for only 2.6%.

According to the “technology index”, Russia is in last place in the world. The country has gone back in terms of high technology development by about 15 years. In biotechnology and other areas for at least 20 years. To correct this situation in science, it is necessary to involve about 500 thousand specialists. At the same time, scientific emigration does not stop, and about 15,000 young scientists leave the country every year. And, most likely, they will never come back, since many analysts are not sure about the imminent change in the situation for the normal work and life of Russian scientists.

Also, there are no comprehensive state measures to stimulate innovation in science yet. Rapprochement of the domestic private sector with science, which is the main potential consumer of innovations, also does not occur. On the part of the state, there are no attempts to encourage private business to order and introduce innovations, as well as to promote innovative products to the markets. To correct the situation, it is necessary for the entire society to realize the responsibility for their country and its future.

Over the past 20 years, 23,000 cities, rural towns and villages have disappeared from the map of Russia.

Over the past 10 years, the population has decreased by 40% in the Far East and by 60% in the Far North.

Every year Russia loses in terms of population an entire region equal to Pskov or a republic the size of Karelia, or such a large city as Krasnodar.

Every minute in Russia 5 people die, only 3 are born. The death rate exceeds the birth rate by 1.7 times, in some regions - by 2-3 times.
26,000 children do not live past the age of 10 every year, 50 babies die every day, 70% of them in maternity hospitals.

In terms of life expectancy, our country ranks 162nd in the world behind Papua New Guinea and Honduras.

The average life expectancy of Russian men is 59 years (in the EU countries - 79 years, in the USA - 78, in Canada - 81, in Japan - 82 years).

Ten years ago, in 2001, Russia ranked 100th in terms of life expectancy, already then hopelessly behind the developed countries of the world: men died 15-19 years earlier, women 7-12 years. Now we have slipped to 122nd place in the world to countries like Guyana.

About 1 million 600 thousand people are born in our country every year, about 2 million 100 thousand die. Almost 60% of all deaths are due to diseases of the cardiovascular system, about 15% - from oncological diseases, 4% - from diseases respiratory and digestive organs.

Over the past seven years, patients with the cardiovascular system have increased by one and a half times (from 2.4 to 3.7 million people), for oncological diseases - by 17% (from 1.2 to 1.4 million people).

In 1992, cancer was newly diagnosed in 882 thousand people, in 2008 - already in 1.4 million people. In 1992, diseases of the circulatory system were found in 1.7 million people, in 2008 - already in 3.8 million people.

For simple reproduction of the population, 14.3 children should be born for every thousand inhabitants. In Russia - 9.8 newborns. In Azerbaijan - 29.3, in Armenia - 22.8, in Georgia - 18.7, in Kazakhstan - 23.4, in Kyrgyzstan - 30.1, in Uzbekistan - 32.8, in Tajikistan - 43.7, in Turkmenistan - 34.3.

Every third baby in Russia is born sick. The neonatal morbidity rate increased by 32 percent in five years. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth have become more frequent: in 1992, 1.3 million women faced such problems, in 2008 - already 2.7 million.

According to the All-Russian medical examination, the number of practically healthy children in Russia has decreased to 32.2 percent, in many regions of healthy children no more than four percent.

Analyzing the results of draft boards, doctors note a steady deterioration in the health of young men. Even according to the most minimal health requirements, every third conscript is recognized as unfit for military service. Most diseases of the digestive system, kidneys, cardiovascular system (31.2%), 20.7% - the consequences of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, 19.3% - mental retardation, psychopathy.

The leading cause of mental retardation in children and adolescents is iodine deficiency. In Russia, 70 percent of the population has an iodine deficiency, but iodization of water and food in the country has been canceled due to the high cost, although less than 50 grams of iodine preparations are required per ton of salt.

As the head of the Main Organizational and Mobilization Department of the General Staff of Chisinau told Rossiyskaya Gazeta, out of 220,000 young men of the last draft, 15,000 turned out to be “underweight” - dystrophic.

By 12-15 percent annually there are more young men suffering from diseases that require sports and recreational correction. Of the 10.5 thousand Muscovites called up for service, more than 75 percent could not even meet school standards for physical fitness. The number of children's sports clubs, health camps, and the provision of adolescents with sanatorium-and-spa treatment have practically been reduced to nothing.

With the $500 million that Roman Abramovich invested in the development of the English football club, not counting the huge monthly payments, it was possible to build 300,000 playgrounds for children in Russia (the construction of one playground costs 50,000 rubles).

Due to injuries and poisonings, the death rate among adolescents over the past ten years has increased six times for boys and three times for girls.

60 percent of young guys may have problems with offspring - the result of beer erected in a cult. As British scientists have proven, the natural hormones in beer are the same female hormones, only of plant origin, negatively affecting the ability of men to procreate.

66% of Russian citizens cannot receive qualified medical care.

Russia ranks second in the world in the distribution of counterfeit drugs - at least 300 million euros per year. 87% of medicines sold in pharmacies are falsified or do not meet their expiration dates. Usually, the active substance is not added to the tablets, or “pacifiers” made of chalk are used.

Only in five years, from 1996 to 2001, and only by the Moscow regional dermatological dispensary alone, syphilis-infected blood was transfused to 325 recipients. Since 2001, the statistics of this type of crime has been abolished. Although the scale of infection of patients with “dirty” blood is catastrophic, if 116 liters of donated blood are destroyed in the regional hospital of Khanty-Mansiysk alone per year: 1.5 liters of HIV-infected, 22 liters of hepatitis C virus, ten liters of hepatitis B , 9 liters - with syphilis...

In terms of spending on health care, Russia shares 112-114th place in the world with Morocco and Ecuador - only 5.3% of GDP against 9-11% of GDP in Western Europe.

Our public spending on health care and education is three times less than spending on special services.

At the same time, remember that...

Russia wrote off $4.5 billion of debt to Libya, $11.6 billion to Afghanistan, when the Americans came there, and $12 billion to Iraq, again at the request of the Americans.

In 1994-1995, 786 tons of gold were exported from Russia to banks in England, Latin America, Australia, and Romania.

Chelsea Football Club for $500 million, Boeing 737 private jet for $100 million, Blue Abyss, Pelorus, Ecstasia yachts for $350 million, Fining Hill Estate in the south of the UK for $22 million dollars, the castle "De la cro" in France for 23 million dollars .. - this is how Roma Abramovich fattens on the national wealth stolen from the people of Russia.

According to Forbes magazine, David Rockefeller Sr. has a net worth of $2.5 billion, Laurence Rockefeller has $1.5 billion, and Winthrop Rockefeller has $1.2 billion. The Rockefellers, who have profited from bank speculation for centuries, collectively have less than one "Russian" Misha Friedman.

The American president has one country residence - in Camp David. The British Prime Minister also has one - in Checkers. The Russian president has the Rus residence in the Tver region, Gorki-9, Barvikha, Arkhangelskoye, Dinner near Moscow in Valdai, Shuiskaya Chupa in Karelia, Volga cliff in the Samara region, Sosny "in the Krasnoyarsk Territory," Angarsk Farms "near Irkutsk, "Tantal" in the Saratov Region ... The dacha in Barvikha-4 alone occupies more than sixty hectares, a special allotment from the Moskva River ... Only the presidential dacha "Rus" is guarded at least 600 people...

The Winter Olympics in Sochi, a pet project of Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, who, like Medvedev, sees them as a chance to showcase a new Russia to the world, will cost more than $15 billion. For comparison: the Olympic Games in Vancouver cost two billion dollars, the Olympic Games in Salt Lake City and Turin cost the same amount.

The 2018 FIFA World Cup will cost Russia even more.

In 2012, Vladivostok will host the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit. The cost of preparing for the summit is an astronomical sum - 284 billion rubles.

From the appeal of the general meeting of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences to the Government of the Russian Federation: “While maintaining the existing intensity of births (9.8 per 1000 population) and mortality (16.3 per 1000 population), Russia will face an inevitable and accelerating population decline: depending on forecast scenarios - by 25-50% by the middle of the century”.

Speaking at the 21st Special Session of the UN General Assembly, V. I. Matvienko, then Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government, reported: “Russia is fully committed to the spirit and goals of the Cairo Conference. Following Cairo's guidelines, the Government of Russia is purposefully pursuing its policy in the field of population. Government approaches to solving demographic problems have been radically adjusted.” Terrible confession! After all, in Cairo, at the international conference on population under the decent title of "sustainable development" adopted a program to reduce childbearing.

In the National report on the situation in the field of population, presented by Russia at the session of the UN General Assembly, among the six Russian demographic policy priorities there is not a word about increasing the birth rate. Until 2015, the Government of Russia has one goal: “the reproductive behavior of Russian families will continue to be focused on the birth of one child,” hence the active introduction of numerous UNESCO programs into schools that inculcate the ideal of a small family, preaching the ideology of refusing to have children.

“In St. Petersburg, Dr. N. B. Almazova created the Center for Family Planning and Reproductive Health. Its annual budget is about $1.7 million. The center conducts operations on contraceptive sterilization”, - from the annual report of the mission of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

It can hardly be called a mere coincidence that the priority tasks of the International Family Planning Foundation include “Reducing or eliminating benefits for children and families”, and in Russia they canceled the increase in the paid period of childcare, the inclusion of childcare time in the length of service.

According to official statistics, 70 percent of pregnancies in the country end in abortions. In reality, there are much more of them, not all abortions are shown by hospitals, a wide network of private abortion clinics does not keep records at all, no one registers the use of abortion pills ...

Almost half of the budget funds for items related to obstetrics and gynecology, the Ministry of Health and Social Development spends on abortion.

In Russia, there is a gigantic network for the "extraction" of embryonic material and the production of drugs from it, the so-called fetal therapy - treatment with drugs extracted from human embryos (fetus - Latin for "fetus") - "elixir of youth". A human fetus at the age of at least 14-25 weeks - the fetus of late abortions - has miraculous properties. With the development of fetal therapy, the number of late-term abortions has increased dramatically. According to official data, we have one and a half percent of abortions a year in late terms. 90 thousand! - a whole city of children killed for money.

There are 31 million children in Russia. Healthy no more than 30 percent.

More than two million orphans are officially registered in Russia.

7,000 children are victims of sexual crimes every year.

The number of sexual crimes against minors over the past ten years has increased by 25.6 times.

The first in Russia sobering-up station for drunk kids was opened in Moscow - a children's and adolescent narcological inpatient department based on the narcological dispensary No. 12.

Out of every five teenagers admitted to the Filatov Children's Hospital in the capital, one child is an alcoholic, one is a drug addict, and two are drug addicts. Only one child out of every five is normal.

80 foreign organizations have official licenses for the right to adopt children from Russia.

Deputy Head of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia A.S. Savin admits that the export of our children abroad “is closely related to the search for organs for transplantation. This situation is actively used by transnational organized crime to create a highly profitable black market for donor organs.”

Neither after the civil war, nor after the Patriotic War, there were so many children thrown into the street as now. 4.5 million children under the age of 15, inclusive, “are not covered by any form of education,” the deputies so softly, roundly, unintimidatingly state the number of homeless children in Russia in official documents of the State Duma.

Homelessness has become one of the most profitable and dirty businesses in Russia in Russia. “For foreign pedophiles, Moscow has become what Thailand has become for lovers of a small female body,” employees of the Center for the Temporary Isolation of Juvenile Offenders (TSVIMP) came to such a terrible conclusion as a result of a long-term sociological survey of street children.

A little more than 60 million rubles are annually allocated from the state budget of Moscow for the prevention of child homelessness. 87 million rubles of budgetary funds are spent on sterilization of stray animals in Moscow. 27 million rubles more than for homeless children. 13,000 rubles per dog. Power dogs are more expensive.

Russia supplies 50 percent of all child pornography to the world market.

The system of special schools provides for the need for the maintenance and education of juvenile delinquents by no more than seven to eight percent. In 61 regions of the country there is not a single children's institution of a closed type at all. In Moscow, instead of 700 necessary shelters, there are only 14.

Russia occupies an abnormally high place in mortality from external causes - more than 260 thousand people annually. Murder, suicide, death in a car accident. Twice as many as in China or Brazil, five times as many as in Western countries.

In terms of the number of premeditated murders, Russia ranks 19th in the world (neighboring Ecuador and Swaziland) and first in Europe.

In the United States - six murders per 100,000 people per year, in Europe - 1-2 murders, in Russia - 16.5.

We have 41,000 suicides a year, twice as bad as in European countries, and three times worse than in the USA.

In 2008, 50,000 people went missing. This is three times more than in the US and 19-20 times more than in the EU countries. For the past three years, the Ministry of Internal Affairs has kept such information secret.

Over the past decade, the number of pensioners in the country has increased by 2,300,000 (by 8%), while the child population has decreased by 6,700,000 (by 15.7%).

Every year, 700,000 families break up in our country.

Seven million childless families.

30% of children in Russia are born out of wedlock.

More than 12 million people with disabilities are officially registered in Russia; over four million alcoholics; more than two million drug addicts; about a million mentally ill; about 900,000 tuberculosis patients; over 22 million hypertensive patients; at least one and a half million - HIV-infected.

We have four million homeless people, three million beggars, three million street and station prostitutes. Approximately one and a half million Russian women "work" on the panels of the countries of Europe and Asia.

Six million Russian citizens suffer from mental disorders.

Every day in the Russian Federation, 10,000 abortions are performed.

More than 80 thousand murders per year.

About 30,000 people die in traffic accidents.

About 100,000 die every year from drug overdose.

About three million crimes a year.

Almost every third crime among the registered ones is not disclosed.

There are more than a million prisoners in Russia. There were not so many even during the period of Stalinist repressions. 800 - 810 prisoners per 100 thousand people - the first place in the world.

Since 1999, the volume of alcoholic products in the country has increased by 25 percent annually. Double every four years! More than 1,300 distilleries work to solder the people, which is 12 times more than it was in the entire Soviet Union. Plus, self-made products of several tens of thousands of moonshine outlets and rivers of foreign swill ...

Alcohol consumption - 14 liters of standard alcohol per person per year (according to other sources - 18 liters). From the level of eight liters, the physical degradation of the nation begins.

Every year 40,000 Russian citizens die from drunkenness in the country, which is three times more than our losses during the entire Afghan war.

Over the past 10 years, the sale of cigarettes to the population has grown by 25% both in absolute (about 430 billion units per year compared to 355 billion in 2000) and in relative terms (more than 3 thousand cigarettes per capita per year against 2, 4 thousand in 2000). In the 1990s, cigarettes sold half as much.

Almost 70% of men and more than 30% of women smoke in our country.

According to the World Health Organization, 33% of children and adolescents in Russia are regular smokers and by adulthood already suffer from chronic diseases. Russia ranks first in the world in terms of the number of children and teenagers who smoke.

According to the Federal Drug Control Service (FSKN), there are up to 2.5 million drug addicts in Russia. 70% - young people under 30 years old. The lower age limit has dropped to 11-12 years old, these are students in grades 5-6.

According to the UN, over the past 10 years there have been ten times more heroin addicts in Russia.

Every day in the country, 82 people of military age die from heroin use, this is 30,000 young people a year - more than the losses of the Soviet Army in 10 years of the Afghan war. Throughout Europe, 5,000 to 8,000 people die each year from hard drugs.

According to the Chief Military Prosecutor Fridinsky, more than three thousand conscripts are declared unfit for military service every year due to drug use.

Director of the Federal Drug Control Service V. Ivanov believes that a drug apocalypse has begun in Russia:

every year the army of Russian drug addicts is replenished with 80 thousand "recruits";

in terms of the number of drug addicts, Russia is ahead of the EU states by an average of 5-8 times;

Russia leads the world in the consumption of hard drugs.

In September 2009, the UN Council on Drug Control published the report "Afghan Opium Review": Russia annually consumes 75-80 tons of Afghan heroin.

Over the past decade, the number of adult drug addicts has increased eight times, adolescent drug addicts - 18 times, child drug addicts - 24.3 times.

In 1991, there were 4.9 adolescents registered for the first time with a diagnosis of drug addiction per one hundred thousand inhabitants, now it is 77.4. Since 1997, the death rate from drug use has increased 12 times, among children - 42 times.

The life expectancy of drug addicts has been reduced to 4-4.5 years.

M. Mokhov, member of the Patriarchate Council for Combating Drugs: “The whole country is inundated with drugs. Four thousand items of drugs containing drugs and stimulants are sold in pharmacies, six thousand items of food products contain chemical elements, stimulants and drugs that poison the body. 90 percent of wine and vodka products contain methadone. What is non-alcoholic beer? This is a fast beer. The bacteria in this fast beer produce ephedrine, not the alcohol molecule. People drink pure drugs, including children. It's a biowar!"

Nikolai Gerasimenko, Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Health Protection and Sports: “When the law “On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances” was being developed, there was strong opposition to establishing responsibility for drug consumption. Even when the law had already been adopted, a number of State Duma deputies, almost ninety people, appealed to the Constitutional Court to cancel liability for drug consumption and legalize drugs.”

According to the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, more than 20,000 drug dealers are actively working in Moscow alone. 65.7 percent of those involved in narcotic criminal activity are young people aged 18-30.

Couriers from 48 states are detained for the transportation and sale of drugs - from Tajikistan and Lithuania to Nigeria, Angola, Zaire ... Tajik drug couriers bring 90 percent of heroin to the capital.

According to the intelligence services, 35 percent of the drug market in Moscow is controlled by Azerbaijanis, the most famous are the so-called "Mingachevir" brigade and the Azerbaijani-Dagestan "Zakatala" brigade, which specialize in maintaining drug dens and selling drugs of plant origin.

About 50 tons of drugs are confiscated from drug traffickers per year. For comparison: a special Anti-Narcotics Bureau in Iran finds 250 tons, although Russia has long been exactly the same consumer and drug transit country as Iran.

The amount of heroin consumed in Russia is estimated to be at least $12 billion. With such a scale of the drug business in the country, there is not a single high-profile case against drug lords.

According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the number of registered drug-related crimes has increased by 1,407 percent over the past ten years.

According to the Ministry of Health and Social Development, every year 180,000 people in Russia die "for reasons related to exposure to harmful and dangerous production factors." More than 360 thousand people are injured at work, about eight thousand die. 10 thousand occupational diseases are registered annually. More than 14,000 people become disabled. Losses from unfavorable working conditions annually amount to 4% of GDP.

More than 40 percent of the country's workers are employed in heavy, hazardous industries.

There are more than 50,000 dangerous facilities in Russia and 5,000 especially dangerous ones.

There are 60,000 hydraulic structures on the territory of Russia, many of which support six and eight cubic kilometers of water. Six thousand hydraulic structures have been operating for more than a hundred years, 6.5 thousand require major repairs, 400 are in emergency condition.

According to the Ministry of Emergency Situations, about 300,000 fires occur in Russia every year, in which 20,000 people die and more than 12,000 are injured. Daily material damage averages 17.2 million rubles.

Russia topped the "black list" of dangerous countries for air travel. Flights of civil aircraft in Russia end in accidents twice as often as in Africa, and 13 times more often than the world average.

1,600,000 people work at Minatom enterprises. The territories of 22 enterprises of this department are “polluted”. 58 percent of illnesses among Minatom workers are due to radiation. From 50 to 90 percent of the physical protection equipment at nuclear facilities has worn out.

189 nuclear submarines have been decommissioned, only 59.104 submarines with spent nuclear fuel on board have been disposed of. 30 submarines have already lost the tightness of their main ballast tanks and may sink at any moment. According to Minatom's own information, six submarines have already leaked... 152 spent reactors are hopelessly awaiting disposal at coastal and floating bases of the Northern and Pacific Fleets. In the Pacific Fleet, storage facilities with reactors have not undergone technical examination for 30 years ...

In 2001, V.V. Putin signed a law that allowed the import of highly toxic nuclear waste (spent nuclear fuel) into Russia. After the adoption of this law, thousands of tons of nuclear waste from Poland, Serbia, Kazakhstan, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Vietnam and other countries were brought to Russia. Burials are located in the Chelyabinsk region (PO "Mayak"), in Krasnoyarsk-26 and in Tomsk-7. In total, about 19,000 tons of SNF are stored in Russia.

Greenpeace has published a confidential protocol of negotiations between Techsnabexport, the German company Internexco and the Swiss company Swiss Utilities on the intention to import more than 2,000 tons of spent nuclear fuel and 550 cubic meters of high-level nuclear waste into Russia from Switzerland. This is only from one country!

The Chernobyl disaster led to the release of radioactive aerosols into the atmosphere with an activity of about 50 million curies. Over the decades of its activity, the Mayak production association in the Chelyabinsk region has produced low-level radioactive waste with a total activity of more than a billion curies, but already the first stage of the Rus burial ground program gives us imported nuclear dirt of three billion curies - 60 Chernobyls.

Chernomyrdin, Chubais, Gaidar, Kokh, Mostovoy, Boyko, who led the grandiose operation developed at Harvard and Chicago under the code name "privatization of Russia", contributed to "the establishment of control by foreign persons over strategically important and economically significant enterprises of the defense complex and related enterprises scientific and technical sphere, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, chemical industry” (“Analysis of the processes of privatization of state property in the Russian Federation for the period 1993-2003”, M., 2004).

According to the Control and Budget Committee of the State Duma, in 1994 alone, due to fraudulent privatization, the loss of the state treasury from privatization amounted to 1 trillion 669 billion rubles. Having sold 46,815 enterprises, the Chubais State Property Committee gave the treasury less than $1 billion, while a similar privatization in the Czech Republic was twice as small in volume - 25,000 enterprises - brought income to the state of $1.2 billion.

In the United States alone, more than a thousand patents for military and dual-use technologies have been registered, the authors of which are Russian inventors, and the owners of patents and exclusive rights are foreign entities. Thousands of patents for scientific and technical developments of the Russian defense complex in the aviation and rocket and space industries were received by foreign firms in Russia itself.

From the "sale" of the largest Russian enterprises, the value of which at a minimum price exceeds 1 trillion. dollars, the treasury received ... 7 billion 200 million dollars.

According to the Accounts Chamber, the total losses of the federal budget due to numerous violations during the sale of fuel and energy enterprises of the oil complex in Bashkiria alone are estimated at $113 billion.

The state sold a 40% stake in OAO TNK for $25 million. Immediately, the resold 6% stake in this company went for 35 million US dollars.

The building of the trade mission in Bulgaria with an area of ​​21.35 thousand square meters, when transferred to the balance of the Presidential Administration, was estimated at ... 20 thousand dollars - cheaper than a one-room apartment.

According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, from 1993 to 2003 more than 50 thousand crimes related to privatization were revealed.

The Russian super-profitable metallurgy "left" the state for $214 million (Norilsk Nickel - $170 million, Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works - $31 million, Mechel - $13 million). The real price of Norilsk Nickel is more than 52 billion dollars. The new "owners" of "Norilsk Nickel" "paid off" 130 times. Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works "paid off" 350 times.

The Russian oil industry was sold for $639 million (YUKOS - $159 million, Sidanco (now TNK-BP) - $130 million, Surgutneftegaz - $88.9 million, LUKOIL - $141 million). dollars, "Nafta-Moscow" - 20 million dollars). This is the price of only 1.5% of LUKOIL's shares today. The total net profit of LUKOIL during this period is more than 65 billion dollars. Surgutneftegaz - 34 billion dollars.

Kakha Bendukidze "purchased" Ural Heavy Machinery Plant (Uralmash) for $700,000. The businessman himself admitted that he bought the plant "for one thousandth of its cost."

A consortium of commercial banks consisting of Inkombank, Oneximbank, Imperial Bank, Capital Savings Bank, Menatep Bank, Joint-Stock Commercial Bank International Financial Company issued a loan of $650 million to the Government of the Russian Federation, having received a pledge eleven largest, super-profitable enterprises: Yukos, Norilsk Nickel, Sibneft, Lukoil ... Before the banks gave the state a loan of 650 million dollars, the Ministry of Finance placed practically the same amount in these banks " free foreign exchange funds of the federal budget”. As the auditors of the Accounts Chamber concluded: “Banks actually “credited” the state with state money. The government initially had no intention of buying back the most precious pieces of its economic system. As a result, “banks that “credited” the state were able to become owners of super-profitable state-owned enterprises.

97 percent of pulp and paper production enterprises have flowed into private hands. The most promising were under the control of foreign capital.

The proceeds from the privatization of timber enterprises did not exceed two percent of their real value.

In 1996, more than a thousand enterprises worked in the domestic gold mining industry, now the state has only 33 left, of which 11 are mines and mines, which account for less than one percent of gold mined in Russia. There are no state representatives on the boards of directors of privatized enterprises for the production, mining and processing of precious metals, precious stones, neither from Roskomdragmet, nor from the Ministry of Finance, nor from the Gokhran of Russia, despite the fact that, according to the Law, the state monopoly remains on precious metals and stones.

While mining 25 percent of the world's rough diamonds, the share of our cutting industry in the global diamond mining industry is only 6.7 percent. From the production and trade of diamonds, Belgium has more than two billion dollars, Israel receives almost two billion dollars from the sale of diamonds, while we receive a maximum of $150 million.

For the export of timber, we receive four billion dollars instead of a hundred billion dollars, which we could receive by sending not "round timber" and "sawlogs" across the cordon, but finished products ...

Russia has sold 500 tons of liquefied weapons-grade uranium recovered from nuclear warheads to the United States for $12 billion. According to the Spiegel magazine, the price of weapons-grade uranium is $60 billion per ton.

Auditors of the Accounts Chamber state: “Federal executive authorities have not created an effective system to prevent the transfer of federal property objects of strategic importance under the control of foreign persons. The process of buying up by foreign persons of blocks of shares of strategically and economically significant enterprises for Russia through nominees and on the secondary stock market has not been controlled and is not controlled until now. Foreigners have blocking stakes in OAO ANTK im. Tupolev, Saratov OAO Signal, ZAO Euromil. The little-known American company Nic and Si Corporation, through the front company Stolitsa, acquired stakes in 19 aviation enterprises of the military-industrial complex! The State Committee for Antimonopoly Policy has never turned down applications from foreign or legal entities controlled by them to purchase a controlling stake in strategically important enterprises for Russia. After the Americans acquired a controlling stake in the Kursk-based JSC Kristall, the production of components for the guidance systems of the Igla missile system and other special products for the army was immediately stopped here, and the unique technological base was destroyed.

In the privatization plan for 2011-2013. more than 850 state-owned companies are included, including: VTB, Sovcomflot (more than 150 vessels, with a total deadweight of 11 million tons), United Grain Company, RusHydro, Sberbank, Rosneft, Transneft, Rosagroleasing, Rosselkhozbank, Rosspirtprom, Russian Railways... According to the government order of October 25, 2010 No. 1874-r. CJSC Bank Credit Suisse, LLC Deutsche Bank, LLC Commercial Bank J.P. Morgan Bank International, LLC Merrill Lynch Securities, LLC Morgan Stanley Bank and GOLDMAN SAKS are authorized to sell the above property. Among them is the Russian VTB Capital, although even the shares of VTB itself are instructed to sell to Merrill Lynch Securities.

The USSR provided a third of the world's inventions. Russia has lost these positions and today produces less than 1% of science-intensive products.

In terms of the number of scientific publications, Russia is already behind India, several times behind China. From 2004 to 2008, Russian scientists published only 2.6% of the world's scientific papers, slightly more than Holland (2.5%).

In terms of the number of articles per 1,000 people, Russia is inferior not only to the leading Western countries, but also to Greece, Portugal, South Korea, the Czech Republic and Poland. Russia is overtaken by Turkey and Iran.

Another indicator - the average number of citations per article - reflects how much the published scientific results are in demand. According to this indicator, Russia is in 203rd place, below Cuba. Even Albania is ahead of Russia.

According to the report of the World Intellectual Property Organization (2010), 155 thousand patents were filed in the world, less than 500 from Russia. Russia received fewer patents than one Chinese company.

According to official statistics, up to 800,000 researchers from Russia are currently working abroad.

Every year up to 15% of university graduates leave the country. The emigration of specialists (mostly young) is 10-15 thousand per year.

According to UN experts, the departure of a person with a higher education abroad causes damage to the country in the amount of 300 to 800 thousand dollars. According to the rector of Moscow State University, Moscow University spends up to $400,000 to train one world-class specialist. The brain drain costs our country $25 billion annually.

According to the scientist Yu. A. Lisovsky, today almost a quarter of the American high-tech industry is based on immigrants from Russia.

Today, only 10% of university graduates in Russia work in their specialty.

As a result of the loss of intellectual personnel in the human development index, which includes the level of education, science and technology, morbidity and longevity, GDP per capita, etc., Russia has fallen from 52nd place in 1992 to 119th place in the world by 1997.

Today, the contribution of Russian science to the world does not exceed 3.75%.

At present, the share of the USA in the world market of high technologies is 60%, Singapore - 6%, Russia - 0.5 - 0.8%.

Among the 49 countries that produce 94% of the gross product of the world economy, according to the “technology index”, Russia ranks last.

At the exhibition of nanotechnology products in the United States in May 2009, Russia presented only nine exhibits.

According to experts, about 20,000 Russian scientists work for the EU countries, while remaining full-time employees of Russian state scientific institutions, for the most part "closed".

Allocations for research and development are 1% of the domestic national product of the Russian Federation.

According to the VTsIOM poll, 69% of Russians do not use the Internet at all. Only 11% of respondents use the Internet daily. Once a week, only 9% of respondents connect to the World Wide Web, occasionally - 3%.

There are 42.3 active Internet users in Russia per 1,000 people, in Sweden - 573.1, in Jamaica - 228.4.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is an integral indicator that determines the level of development of a country. In this ranking, Russia ranks 73rd out of 180 with a score of 0.806, falling between Ecuador and Mauritius.

According to UNESCO, in terms of the intellectual potential of young people, Russia has fallen from 3rd place in the world (1953) to 47th.

Minister A. Fursenko admitted: "25% of schoolchildren do not know mathematics and about the same number do not know the Russian language."

The subject "Russian literature" is excluded from the list of compulsory subjects of the Unified State Examination (USE).

Two million Russian teenagers cannot read.

The Department of Russian History, which had prosperously existed both under the Sovereign Emperor and under Soviet power, was liquidated at St. Petersburg State University. The same fate befell the department of the history of Russian music.

28,160,000 of the able-bodied population of Russia do not produce anything, they exist at the expense of the budget and the solvent part of the population. This is the personnel of the army, along with contract soldiers, conscripts, civilians, personnel of auxiliary enterprises, scientific institutes, design bureaus and universities - 1.470.000 (including 355.000 officers and 1.886 generals and admirals, 10.523 - the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense, 11.290 - military control bodies , 15 academies, 4 military universities, 46 military schools and military institutes); personnel of the FSB, FSO, FPS, FAPSI, SVR, etc. - 2.140.000; staff members of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FMS, the Internal Troops, the Ministry of Justice and the Prosecutor's Office - 2.536.000; employees of customs, tax, sanitary and other inspections - 1.957.000; officials of licensing, controlling and registration bodies - 1.741.000; apparatus of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and state foreign institutions (UN, UNESCO, CIS, etc.) - 98.000; employees of other federal ministries and departments - 1.985.000; clerks of pension, social, insurance and other funds - 2.439.000; deputies and employees of the apparatuses of power structures of all levels - 1.870.000; clergy and attendants of religious and places of worship - 692,000; notaries, legal offices, lawyers and prisoners - 2.357.000; personnel of private security structures, detectives, security guards, etc. - 1.775.000; unemployed - 7.490.000.

In 2006 alone, the bodies of legislative power grew by 2 percent, the judiciary - by 3.8 percent, and the apparatus of executive power expanded by 20.4 percent. The Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Control grew 176 times over the year from 116 to 20,469 people. The number of employees of the prosecutor's office increased by 2,000 people. "Rosstat" grew by 1.4% - at the end of the year it employed 23,796 people.

In Russia, one and a half million officials - three times more than in the USSR.

Former Minister of Regional Development of Russia Vladimir Yakovlev admits: “There will soon be no one to work in the country. Up to 60% of Russians are old people, children and the disabled. , Ministry of Emergency Situations and FSB. Another 4 million are chronic alcoholics, a million are drug addicts. Male mortality in Russia is 4 times higher than female. Now the loss of healthy men is similar to the losses of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. "

On November 11, 2008, Chief of the General Staff Makarov signed a directive "On preventing the disclosure of information about the reform of the RF Armed Forces." The document prohibits the dissemination of any information about the progress of reforms, emerging problems, and, most importantly, about the mood in the troops. And what can be the mood if, as a result of the reform only in the Ground Forces, by 2012 the number of units and formations will decrease from 1890 to 172. The officer corps will be reduced from 315,000 to 150,000 people, the general's - from 1,886 to 900 people. Eliminate the institution of ensigns and midshipmen. 65 military universities will be reorganized into 10 educational and scientific centers. Not surprisingly, 87% of the officers of the Russian army are openly disloyal to the authorities.

Over the past 10 years, the Russian Navy has decreased by 60%:

out of 62 nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles, 12 remained;

out of 32 patrol ships, 5 remained;

out of 17 escort warships, 9 remained, only 3 were in service.

The Navy has:
1 aircraft carrier cruiser
2 heavy missile cruisers
4 missile cruisers
9 destroyers
9 large anti-submarine ships
31 small anti-submarine ships
14 small missile boats
51 minesweepers
20 large landing craft
21 small landing craft
15 diesel submarines
10 deep submersibles.

In terms of combat capabilities, our Navy in the Baltic is 2 times inferior to the Swedish fleet, 2 times to the Finnish, 4 times to the German;
on the Black Sea - Turkish 3 times; the US fleet - 20 times, the British fleet - 7 times, the French fleet - 6 times.

By 2015, the Russian Navy will retain no more than 60 submarines and ships of the 1st and 2nd class (15 per fleet), almost all of them are obsolete. By this time, the US fleet will increase by 300 ships of the same classes.

Transport Minister Igor Levitin supported the initiative of St. Petersburg officials to convert the berths of the Baltic Shipyard, Russia's leading naval enterprise, into cruise ships and yachts. The territory of the plant (64 hectares on Vasilyevsky Island) will be occupied by an elite business district.

Russian President Medvedev excluded nine Russian enterprises from the list of strategic facilities at once, including the developer and manufacturer of the Topol and Bulava missile systems - the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering and the Votkinsk Plant.

A novelty of Russian nano-aviation technology, the Su-35 fighter is just a modification of the Su-27 model, which is more than 20 years old.

Of the 1,800 Soviet-made combat aircraft in service with the Russian Air Force, 1,200 aircraft cannot fly and are in need of major repairs.

Many pilots of the Russian Air Force do not even reach the minimum flight time: an average of 50 hours a year (8.5 minutes a day) instead of 120 (20 minutes a day).

Major Troyanov, who crashed on the territory of Lithuania, on the Su-27 had an annual flight time of only 14 hours. He veered off course due to lack of flying practice.

There will soon not be a single sniper pilot in aviation, there are almost no 1st class pilots.

By Decree of the President of Russia No. 883 dated August 25, 1995, the Ka-50 "Black Shark" helicopter was put into service and released in the amount of five units. The State Armaments Program provides for the purchase by 2015 of a total of 12 such helicopters.

The share of modern weapons and equipment in the army is about 10%.

Over 35% of the expenditure part of the budget Russia spends on military departments and ministries. In the complete absence of a coherent military doctrine, 40% of the military budget (about a trillion rubles) is stolen. In 2005 alone, the misuse of budgetary funds in the amount of 19 billion rubles was revealed in the military sphere.

Since 2006, such data is classified.

The heads of defense enterprises are refusing a defense order, because the "rollback" does not leave the plant with funds even for the cost of products.

Over the past 7 years, the army received a total of 114 new T-90 tanks, 20 new SU-27 aircraft, 6 modernized SU-25 and 3 TU-160 aircraft (1 new and 2 modernized).

Each Russian satellite "Glonass" consists of about a third of imported components. The Glonass control station in Korolev near Moscow, with five simultaneously visible satellites, was unable to determine its own location.

The air defense of the country is focal in nature. Huge "holes" gape in it, the largest is between Khabarovsk and Irkutsk (about 3,400 km). Not even all missile divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces are covered by ground air defense, in particular, this applies to the 7th, 14th, 28th, 35th, 54th divisions. The centers of the Russian military-industrial complex Perm, Izhevsk, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Tula, Ulyanovsk are not protected from air strikes.

Almost all gas produced in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (89% of all gas produced in Russia) passes through one area, where 17 high-pressure gas pipelines crossed among the endless tundra and floodplain forests of the Pravaya Khetta River. Locals from the village of Pangody call this place - "Cross". The life of 78% of the population of Russia depends on this plot measuring 500 by 500 meters. It happened here that this will immediately cause a catastrophe in the electric power industry of the European part of Russia (it is 80% dependent on natural gas), undermining the most important item of foreign exchange income and killing hundreds of thousands of people from the cold, because with the shutdown of thermal power plants, the heating supply in cities will stop.

From the coast of the Arctic Ocean to Pangody, a little more than 500 km.
For a modern cruise missile - 15 minutes of flight.

Prime Minister Vladimir Putin boasts of the "novelty" PVOS-400. But there are only two divisions. This is not enough even to cover such a small country as Serbia.

During the period from 2000 to 2007, the Russian strategic nuclear forces lost 405 carriers and 2,498 charges. Only 27 missiles were produced, 3 times less than in the 90s, and one Tu-160, 7 times less than in the 90s.

Since the 1990s, most of the artillery design bureaus and scientific research institutes have not issued a single new development, either in cannon artillery, or in the rocket sphere, or in ammunition.

In 2009, 131 training centers out of 238 regular military training grounds were liquidated. The number of personnel of the surviving training grounds and training centers has been reduced by half.

Our soldier in the European part of the country is opposed by 10 NATO soldiers, for each of our tanks there are two NATO tanks, for each of our planes - three NATO ones.

It's even worse in the East. The two-million Chinese army is opposed by the Russian grouping of 80 thousand soldiers and officers.

The central economic region of Russia from Smolensk to Voronezh - five regions, each of which is not inferior in size to a European state - is protected by an army of 15 thousand bayonets. The entire border Karelia, after the reduction of the army corps here, is covered only by a brigade of border boats.

10 divisions and 16 brigades of the Russian Army were deployed against more than 40 divisions and 60 brigades of NATO countries, against 87 divisions of China ...

The flight time of a NATO strike aviation group from the borders of Estonia to Moscow does not exceed an hour. Over the past decade, anti-aircraft missile forces have decreased by five times, and air defense aviation has decreased by three and a half times. Of the radar stations and automated control systems on combat duty, none are younger than fifteen years old, more than half are older than 25 years old. Stara and aviation. 55 percent of cars are over 15 years old. Today's most massive Russian bomber, the SU-24, rolled off the assembly line between 1975 and 1982. Only 40 percent of the aircraft fleet is between 5 and 10 years old, and only 20 aircraft have been manufactured in the last five years.

Of the 62 aviation regiments, only six are in constant combat readiness. The remaining regiments do not meet the requirements for combat readiness, both in terms of the state of aviation equipment and the level of training of the flight crew.

Until 1991, NATO air squadrons had to travel 1,700 kilometers to Moscow, 4,500 Soviet aircraft and more than 2,500 anti-aircraft missile systems, and even 600 aircraft of the Warsaw Pact countries, were always ready to meet them. Then both the United States and NATO understood that it was impossible to break through to Moscow. Today, the NATO road to Moscow is 600 kilometers, and, God forbid, if two hundred military vehicles rise up to meet them.

Having received air bases in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan with the help of Russia, NATO aviation can now deliver air strikes as far as Novosibirsk, Samara, Yekaterinburg, and throughout the Siberian-Ural strategic industrial hub of Russia.

Here is a list of the combat, capable, powerful Russian fleet betrayed, sold, handed over to the enemies. According to the conclusion of experts who publicized this list through the newspaper "Version" (No. 3, 2004), "many of these ships did not serve even half of the deadline and left for ridiculous money." Prices are in thousands of US dollars. The memorial list of our fleet, our power, our strength, our pride, our national respect, our strength, money, sweat, mind.
Patrol ships

Patrol ship "Valiant" - 69.54 thousand US dollars

Patrol ship "Sharp" - 227.5

Patrol ship "Strict" - 316.5

Patrol ship "Guarding" - 314.16

Patrol ship "Savvy" - 292.56

Patrol ship "Fierce" - 97.79
Destroyers

Destroyer "Stubborn" - 173.9

Destroyer "Attentive" - ​​117.99

Destroyer "Thundering" - 225

Destroyer "Indestructible" - 216

Destroyer "Angry" - 363
Large anti-submarine ships

Large anti-submarine ship "Khabarovsk" - 579.6

Large anti-submarine ship "Yumashev" - 468

Large anti-submarine ship "Makarov" - 516

Large anti-submarine ship "Isachenkov" - 514.25

Large anti-submarine ship "Isakov" - 496.1

Large anti-submarine ship "Smyshlenny" - 189.57

Large anti-submarine ship "Chapaev" - 744

Large anti-submarine ship "October" - 724.8

Large anti-submarine ship "Vladivostok" - 1083.77
Cruisers

RRC "Zozulya" - 756

RRC "Fokin" - 543.4

KR "Murmansk" - 1718.87

Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Minsk" - 4236.7

Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Novorossiysk" - 3832.34

Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Kiev" - about 1800 (sold in 2000)
Landing and reconnaissance ships

LDK "Muromets" - 97.28

BDK "Ilyichev" - 242.5

BDK-47 - 248.9

BZRK "Transcarpathia" - 192.24

MRZK "Ilmen" - 3180.39

CER "Sarychev" - 113.24

CER "Primorye" - 150.48

CER "Chelyuskin" - 114.59

OSV "Transbaikalia" - 207.99
Mother ships, floating workshops and measuring ships

PB-27 - 252.52

PM-147 - 161.7

PM-150 - 181.22

KIK Spassk - 868.5

KIK "Chumikan" - 1544

KIK-357 - 205

For the "sale" of this giant armada, the treasury received less than 30 million dollars. The construction of one destroyer costs exactly ten times more.

Sergei Kiriyenko signed Government Decree No. 405-r on the transfer of Russian military bases worth hundreds of millions of dollars to Georgia. Resolution of the State Duma No. 2364-11 “On the illegal actions of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation S.V. Kiriyenko to transfer real estate objects of Russian military bases to Georgia” was ignored. A few years later, this weapon killed Russian soldiers.

The length of the radar-controlled sections of the state border in the airspace of the country decreased from 99% to 59% at an altitude of 10,000 m, from 84% to 23% at an altitude of 1,000 m. The share of obsolete models of air defense weapons and military equipment is 65-80%. Serviceability of air defense fighters - 48-49%, air defense systems - 92%, radar weapons - about 50%. A reduction in the combat strength of anti-aircraft missile divisions should be expected by 95-98% (from 118 to 6). At the same time, the provision of serviceable anti-aircraft missile weapons of the Air Force will be about 5% (including 6 S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems).

Russia even parted ways with the legendary military base in the Vietnamese Cam Ranh Bay, which faithfully served Russian interests for more than 20 years. A powerful radio interception center, an airfield with several runways, a modern pier, an electronic tracking station, a school, a hospital, residential buildings, a separate mixed aviation regiment, which includes four Tu-95 strategic bombers, four Tu-142, Tu-16 squadrons and MiG-25... Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov said that Russia can no longer afford Cam Ranh. Thus, we lost a strategically important foothold for Russia, which ensured our naval presence in the Indian Ocean and in the Persian Gulf zone.

In recent years, we have lost not only Cam Ranh. We left the naval base in Tartus (Syria), having lost our footing in the Mediterranean, left Svenfuegos in Cuba in close proximity to the American coast, closed three electronic intelligence centers in Angola, two bases in Somalia: the air base in Hargeisa and naval - in Berbera. They liquidated the most modern intelligence bases in Ethiopia, Syria, Egypt, South Yemen, and Angola. Powerful radar stations in the cities of Cabinda, Benguela and Lobito monitored the Atlantic Ocean. Four secret radio interception bases in Nicaragua also suddenly turned out to be unnecessary for Russia.

After leaving Vietnam, the only listening base for the Russian special services was the electronic espionage center in Lourdes (Cuba). The capabilities of this Russian electronic center, modernized in 1997, even made it possible to intercept messages from American communications satellites, telecommunications cables, and control the communications of the NASA center in Florida. Cuban Defense Minister Raul Castro stated, not without reason, that Russian special services receive 70 percent of intelligence information with the help of Lourdes... And we abandoned this base.

The powerful Ramon electronic intelligence complex in the Korean city of Ansan, Hwanghae Province, allowed our intelligence to control US aircraft in Japan, where, as is known, there are 11 American military bases in Okinawa alone. The Americans did not even suspect that our intelligence had eyes and ears in Ansan. Now Russia does not need this base either!..

One of the most tragic dates in the recent history of Russia, another black day of the Russian calendar - March 22, 2001, on this day at 8 hours 59 minutes 24 seconds Moscow time, the Russian orbital station "Mir" was killed. Russian cosmonauts assessed the liquidation of Mir as a betrayal of Russia. Putin, Kasyanov, Klebanov and Koptev in Star City were nicknamed “Ku Klux Klansmen who lynched Mir.” Everyone is convinced that the decision to build the orbital center was made under pressure from the United States. The Americans carefully monitored the descent of the Mir, - information from the Russian Mission Control Center was directly transmitted to NASA - they made accurate telemetric "notches" of the entire trajectory of the descent of the station, the fall of its parts, and, of course, calculated our super-secret control scheme for high-precision ballistic missiles . What the spies had unsuccessfully hunted for decades, literally fell right into their hands. None of the arguments of scientists, cosmonauts, or military men convinced President Putin to stop the fateful decision for Russia.

In 1989, the catalog “Scientific and technical achievements in the Energia-Buran system” was sent to 74 allied ministries, it contained 600 new technologies, the implementation of which could give an economic effect of about six billion dollars. "Democratic" Russia did not need the results of 15 years of colossal work.

According to the director of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering Yuri Solomonov, the developer of the Topol-M and Bulava missile systems, "more than 200 technologies for the manufacture of ballistic missiles have been lost in Russia."

Of the 240 aviation enterprises, only seven remained under state control. At the 94 largest aircraft factories in Russia, the state does not have a single share. Most of the enterprises producing military equipment came under the control of foreigners.

The Americans took control of the leaders of domestic engine building - the Aviadvigatel design bureau and the Perm Motors plant, which developed and mastered the production of D-30 engines for Tu-134/154, Il-62/76, MiG-31 aircraft. The latest developments are the PS-90A engine for the Il-96 and Tu-204 (214).

Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Novokuznetsk, Sayan aluminum plants, Achinsk. Nikolaev alumina refineries privately owned by Oleg Deripaska. Behind the guise of Deripaska, foreign companies such as Dilkor International LTD, Galinton Investment LTD, Runicom Fort LTD, Paimtex Limited LTD own 65.5 percent of BrAZ shares, 55.42 percent of KrAZ shares ... So this is already the property of foreign states.

The Western Siberian Iron and Steel Works, the Kovdorsky Mining and Processing Plant, the Volzhsky Pipe Plant, the Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Works, the Prokopyevskugol Association, the Kachkanarsky Mining and Processing Plant, the Kuznetsk Iron and Steel Works, the Kuznetskugol Association, the Mezhdurechenskugol Association, and the Orsk-Khalilovsky Metallurgical Plant became foreign property.

The Brunsvocek company owns 25 percent of the shares of the Irkutsk Aviation Production Association (IAPO), where military equipment makes up 90 percent of the total production volume: the Su-27ub combat trainer, the Su-30 interceptor fighter, the Su-30mk multipurpose fighter ...

“95% of Russia's large industry is under foreign jurisdiction,” admitted Yevgeny Fedorov, chairman of the State Duma Committee on Economic Policy and Entrepreneurship.

Gorbachev's "perestroika" and the subsequent stage of "Yeltsin-Gaidar-Chubais's liberal reforms" destroyed the Russian economy to a much greater extent than the Great Patriotic War. During the war, the USSR lost about a third of all basic material assets. For 20 years of liberal reforms, Russia has lost 42 percent of all basic material assets. In absolute terms, Russia's material losses from "liberal reforms" are incomparably greater than during World War II, because the initial value of fixed assets in 1987 far exceeded their size in 1941! Human losses during the "reforms" are quite comparable with the losses of the war of 1941-45. Labor productivity also fell by a third, which is unprecedented not only for developed and civilized countries, but also for the most backward countries in Asia and Africa,” - Doctor of Economics, Professor G. I. Khanin.

According to the UN, the industrial production of our country, even compared to 1991 (in 1990-1991, for the first time since 1922 in peacetime, all the main economic indicators did not grow, but fell sharply), is less than 75%, agricultural - slightly above 80 %, including animal husbandry - 60%. The economic lag behind the leading countries of the world has increased by 2.5 times. Fixed production assets were reduced by more than 40%, labor productivity decreased by 30%.

According to the data of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation, in terms of coal production, we slid to 1957, in the production of wagons - to 1910, in the production of metal-cutting machine tools - to 1931, forging and pressing machines - to 1933, trucks - by 1937, for the production of tractors - by 1931, grain harvesters - by 1933, the production of televisions - by 1958, lumber - by 1930, building bricks - by 1953, fabrics of all kinds - by 1910, woolen fabrics by 1880, shoes by 1900, whole milk products by 1963, animal butter by 1956. If in 1989 we produced 55.7 million tons of milk, now it is 32.9, which is at the level of 1958. The number of cattle has decreased from 58.8 million heads in 1989 to 27.1. Twelve years ago we had 40 million pigs, now we have 15.5 (1936 level). The decline in sheep and goats is even more noticeable: from 61.3 million heads (1989) to 15.2.

130 agricultural engineering enterprises have been destroyed in the country.

Russia imports food worth $35 billion.

Currently, almost 70% of food products are produced according to technical specifications, and not according to GOSTs, which makes it possible to produce low-quality food.

More than 40% of products sold in Moscow are counterfeit. Most often, fakes of vegetable and butter, condensed milk, tea, coffee, mineral water, stewed beef, honey and confectionery are detected. The leaders of the "black list" were: cottage cheese, 42.5% of which does not meet the standards, curd cheeses (45.5%), curd mass (42.1%), loose sour cream (33.3%), shawarma (40%) , salads (20%) and cakes (18.8%).

An unprecedented, unthinkable in world practice is happening in Russia: natural rent goes to the owners and managers of mining companies. They appropriate up to 85 percent of the profits, although in the main oil-producing countries the state's share in oil revenues is at least 60 percent, up to 90 percent.

The deadlines for the depletion of profitable reserves for individual minerals do not go beyond 2013-2025, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation said in a statement following an audit of the efficiency of reproduction of the mineral resource base of the Russian Federation. At today's production rates, the exploited reserves of oil, uranium, copper, gold will run out in 2015, gas - in 20-25 years.

Availability of resources (in % of world reserves): USA - 6%, Russia - 25%, European Community - 10%, others - 59%. Resource consumption (in % of world reserves): USA - 40%, Russia - 5%, European Community - 40%, others - 15%.

Russian civil aviation has reduced the volume of air transportation by more than three times and the production of civil aircraft by ten times. Between 2003 and 2005, Russia annually produced from 11 to 18 civil aircraft of all types. Meanwhile, the American company Boeing and the European Airbus each produce 350-400 aircraft annually.

In 1991, 1,500 aircraft were produced in the country, in 2010 - 14.

“In 1980, our country was the second economy in the world, it was five Chinas and 60 percent of the United States, now it is 1/5 of China, six percent of the United States,” said G. G., Deputy Director of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Malinetsky.

Russia's GDP is not much higher than the economic product of the US District of Los Angeles.

In 11 of the 15 former Soviet republics, economic growth is higher than in Russia.

Export of raw materials in 2000 accounted for 44% of the total export of the country, in 2010 - already 65%. But the share of machinery and equipment decreased from 11% to 5%.

Air transport used to be used by 97% of the population, now only 3%.

The volume of postal items decreased by 20 times.

More than 30,000 settlements in Russia still do not have a telephone connection.

In the 90s, an average of 6.1 thousand kilometers of new roads were introduced in the country per year, since 2003 - no more than 2-3 thousand kilometers. Two-thirds of federal highways and 76% of territorial ones do not meet the standards. 92% of federal highways have only two lanes.

The average cost of 1 square. m of housing in Russia in recent years has increased by 9 times. If in 2000 the purchase of an apartment on the secondary market with an area of ​​50 sq. m was equal to the average annual income for 6 years, then in 2008 - for 15 years.

One kilogram of gold in Moscow can buy only four square meters of housing.

According to Rosstat, the area of ​​emergency housing has tripled in the country: from 29.8 million sq. m in 1992 to 99.5 million sq. m. m in 2008.

The annual number of new settlers decreased by almost 9 times: from 948 thousand in 1992 to 144 thousand in 2008.

The cost of a square meter in luxury apartments in Moscow has exceeded 109,000 dollars. The cost of the most expensive apartment put up for public sale exceeds $22 million (Kakha Bendukidze bought the Uralmash giant from the state for $700,000, another giant, the Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works, left state ownership for $31 million).

Prices for natural gas supplied by Gazprom to Russian consumers rose from an average of 358 rubles per 1,000 cubic meters in 2001 to over 2,500 rubles in 2010.

The cost of gasoline-95 in oil-producing countries in 2010: Venezuela - 47 kopecks per 1 liter; Turkmenistan - 68 kopecks per 1 liter;

Iran - 2 rubles. 39 kopecks per 1 liter; Libya - 4 rubles 17 kopecks per 1 liter; UAE - 12 rubles. 27 kopecks per 1 liter; Azerbaijan - 14 rubles 37 kop. for 1 liter; Kazakhstan - 17 rubles. 97 kop. for 1 liter; Russia - 26 rubles. for 1 liter.

According to the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, which conducted in 2010 a study of the distribution of income among the population of the country:

13.4% of the population live in extreme poverty with an income below 3,422 rubles per month;

27.8% of the population live in poverty with an income of 3,422 rubles to 7,400 rubles a month;

38.8% of the population live in poverty with an income of 7,400 rubles to 17,000 rubles a month;

- “the rich among the poor” are 10.9% of the population with an income of 17,000 rubles to 25,000 rubles a month;

7.3% of the population live at the level of average income with an income of 25,000 rubles to 50,000 rubles a month;

The wealthy include citizens with an income of 50,000 rubles to 75,000 rubles a month. Their number is 1.1% of the population of Russia.

The so-called rich make up 0.7% of the population. Their income is estimated at over 75,000 rubles a month.

From the above data it can be seen that the extremely poor, the poor and the poor make up exactly 80% of the population of modern Russia. That's 113 million people.

The fortune of 100 Russian billionaires is 520 billion dollars, which is equal to all the gold and foreign exchange reserves of the country's Central Bank.

“Part of the population is undeniably outsiders, and some are not just leaders, but leaders against the backdrop of super-rich countries,” said Alexander Surinov, head of Rosstat. “The incomes of the poorest and richest people in our country differ by 800 times!”

In the "crisis year of 2009" alone, the number of billionaires in Russia has doubled.

In 2010, the number of Russian billionaires increased even more: from 62 to 101. The cost of an "entrance ticket" to the top ten was $13 billion. The combined wealth of those in the top 100 rose from $297 billion to $432 billion. Vladimir Lisin, head of the Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works, remains the richest, with a fortune estimated at $24 billion. In second place is Alexei Mordashov, Chairman of the Board of Directors of OAO Severstal ($18.5 billion). Then follows the president of the ONEXIM group, Mikhail Prokhorov ($18 billion). The top ten included Vladimir Potanin ($17.8 billion), Alisher Usmanov ($17.7 billion) and Oleg Deripaska ($16.8 billion).

Russian billionaires pay the world's lowest taxes (13%), which their counterparts in France and Sweden (57%), Denmark (61%), Italy (66%) could not dream of.

1.5% of the population of Russia own 50% of the national wealth.

60% of the population have no savings at all.

“Our state is the apparatus of the rich to protect their wealth. What is given to Russia from God and is not the fruit of human hands, ended up in the hands of 15% of people who illegally appropriated what, by definition, belongs to them

Headed the Russian state. No one officially noticed the date, but meanwhile this is a good reason to hold the interim results of his reign. During this time, Russia managed to again become the world's breadbasket, as in tsarist times, and even increase industrial production by 1.5 times. What else has changed?

During these holidays, a truly important date passed unnoticed - 18 years have passed since Vladimir Putin headed the Russian state. No one officially noticed the date, but meanwhile this is a good reason to hold the interim results of Putin's rule.

In the last days of December, experts summed up the results, but limited themselves only to the past 17th year. And here one cannot but agree with the presidential press secretary Dmitry Peskov, who singled out, first of all, his economic successes - after all, Russia emerged from a two-year recession, following the results of the first 10 months, GDP growth amounted to 1.6 percent.

However, the 18th year will be, first and foremost, a federal election year. Therefore, it would be much more interesting to look at a deeper retrospective than one past year. For example, consider what positive shifts and changes have taken place in Russia over the past 17 years - since March 2000, when Vladimir Putin was first elected president.

However, as you know, in the status of acting president, Putin headed the country a little earlier - on December 31, 1999.

Economy breaks important records in 18 years

Yes, recent years in the economy have been quite difficult given the sanctions confrontation between the West and Russia, as well as the financial crisis, many of the consequences of which we still feel. However, this crisis has largely been overcome, people have become accustomed to sanctions, and in the long term, serious progress is visible.

It is worth highlighting two economic indicators that were especially painful for our country in the 90s - a huge public debt and inflation that is not inferior to it. Over the past 18 years, a colossal breakthrough has been made in this direction. The debt decreased during this time by as much as 22.7 times - from 69.1% of GDP in 2000 to 3.1% in 2016. Inflation was also defeated. If in 2000 it was 20.2%, then already in 2006, for the first time in the modern history of Russia, it fell below 10%, and as of December 4, 2017, it reached a record 2.5% in annual terms.

Decreased over 18 years and the unemployment rate. This indicator decreased from 10.6% to 5.2% of the economically active population, reaching its historical minimum for our country. For clarity, it should be noted that in the European Union (for which unemployment in recent years is generally a sore subject), it is 7.4%, in the euro area - 8.8%, in France - 9.7%, in Austria - 9.4 %, in Italy - 11.1%, in Spain - 16.38%, in Montenegro - more than 20%, in Greece - 21%.

At the same time, Russia managed to increase its gold and foreign exchange reserves. During the reporting period, our country's international reserves increased by more than 30 times - from $12 billion to $378 billion. The general recovery of the economy also contributed to the growth of its investment attractiveness. Even against the backdrop of the difficulties of recent years due to sanctions pressure, in general, the volume of investments over 18 years has increased by more than 2.5 times.

If these figures look abstract to some, then what could be more real than industrial growth? And it was significant in 2000-2017. The Russian industry demonstrated an increase in production by 55.4%.

Agriculture did not lag behind, which, for some reason, many liberal economists did not stop predicting collapse almost every year. However, the grain harvest almost doubled - from 65.4 million tons in 2000 to 140 million tons in 2017. Moreover, the result of last year was completely breakthrough, as the record 40 years ago was broken (127.4 million tons in 1978). Russia is again the world's largest exporter of wheat and has regained the title of one of the world's leading suppliers of bread, which it held even before the First World War.

Animal husbandry also showed significant progress. The production of pork almost doubled (from 2.2 million tons in 2000 to 4.4 million tons in 2016), 1.3 times - eggs (from 24.2 to 34.4 billion pieces), 6 times - poultry meat (from 1.1 million tons to 6.2 million tons).

Successful military reform

As the president of the Center for Strategic Communications Dmitry Abzalov told the VZGLYAD newspaper, in these 18 years, the successes of the economy, in particular the military-industrial complex, also contributed to the modernization of the armed forces. In addition to increasing the monetary allowance of the military and a general increase in army spending, cardinal reforms were carried out, the army was equipped with the latest models of weapons and equipment. In particular, only in 2017 the level of re-equipment of the army amounted to 62%. Thanks to all this, a radically new image of the Russian Armed Forces was formed, which the world community could see, for example, in Syria.

Another successful area has been the development of information technology, especially in recent years. The level of Russian programmers is confirmed by first places in international competitions. In particular, in 2016, the Russians took all three prizes at the World Programming Olympiad.

The development of the IT segment became possible, firstly, thanks to fundamental science, a technical school, secondly, thanks to the active growth of the domestic market and the achievements of Russian companies in foreign markets Thirdly, thanks to the high development of the necessary infrastructure, for example, Internet access, in our country, said Abzalov.

We got out of the demographic hole

Another important area of ​​our country's life is demographic policy. And, perhaps, it turned out to be no less breakthrough than the economy. Everyone remembers the demographic pit of the 1990s. How is the situation now?

Four years ago, for the first time since 1991, the country reached a positive natural population growth, which amounted to 25 thousand people. In 2000-2016, the birth rate increased one and a half times. If in 2000 it was 8.6 per 1,000 people, then in 2016 it was 12.9, and from January to October last year it was 11.6. If in 2000 only 29% of Russian families had two children, then in 2016 - already 41%. The proportion of third and subsequent births increased from 11% to 19%.

The family support measures taken by the government all these years, such as, for example, the payment of maternity capital, contributed to the increase in the birth rate.

“According to our expert estimates, the measures that were taken in 2006, together with the measures taken in 2011-2012, collectively gave from 2 million to 2.5 million additional births. Without these measures, we most likely would not have had such results, ”Sergey Rybalchenko, general director of the Institute for Scientific and Public Expertise, told Gazeta.ru.

It is difficult to single out the most effective demographic measure - they work as a "package", says Alla Makarentseva, head of the RANEPA Demography and Migration Research Laboratory.

“If we talk about recent years, then rather, this is a reduction in the queue for kindergartens and the first steps towards making nursery groups accessible and, in general, establishing a balance between work and raising children - all services related to child care,” - she emphasized.

A huge role in increasing the birth rate was played by a decrease in infant mortality. A set of measures in the health sector, including the opening of perinatal centers, made it possible to reduce its risk by 2.6 times. In 2000, the infant mortality rate was 15.3 per 1,000 births, and in 2017 it was 5.3. And this is a historical minimum for our country. By the way, in the United States in 2016 this figure was 5.8, in Europe - 6.64, in Ukraine - 8, in Georgia - 15.6.

Another important aspect of demographic policy was the increase in life expectancy, which, by the way, also remains an important indirect incentive to increase the birth rate. Total life expectancy for 2000-2016 increased by 6.6 years and reached 71.9 years. And in 2017, for the first time in the history of our country, it reached the mark of 72.6 years.

It is important to note that the death rate from circulatory diseases from 2007 to 2016 decreased by 1.37 times (from 846 per 100 thousand people in 2000 to 616 in 2016). During the same time, the death rate as a result of traffic accidents fell by 1.8 times: from 27 to 15 per 100 thousand of the population.

Medicine has become more technologically advanced

An increase in natural growth and life expectancy, as well as a decrease in infant mortality, are impossible without qualitative changes in the medical field, and this is not only the opening of perinatal centers. Public health care funding from 2000 to 2017 in real terms increased almost 3 times, and in nominal terms - from 204.5 billion rubles in 2000 to almost three trillion in 2017.

Naturally, the increase in funding contributed to the improvement of the equipment of medical institutions. In 2011-2013, they supplied 389.7 thousand units of various medical equipment. As a result, in just three years, the equipment of medical institutions has increased by 2.5 times. Accordingly, the development of high-tech medical care took place. The number of patients who received such assistance increased 16 times in 2005-2017: from 60,000 to more than 960,000 patients.

In healthcare, the creation of high-tech medical centers remains an important factor, Dmitry Abzalov believes. If earlier one had to go to Moscow for high-tech medical care, then recently the corresponding centers have appeared in many federal districts, which has significantly improved the infrastructure, he stressed.

A large-scale free medical examination is being carried out, which also contributes to the improvement of the population. The number of people who passed it increased by 3.9 times from 2008 to 2015: from 5.8 million to 22.5 million people.

In addition, the fleet of ambulance vehicles is being significantly updated (2,307 vehicles in 2016, another 1,446 in 2017). At the same time, the traditionally difficult situation with medical institutions in rural areas began to improve. Since 2000, more than 5 thousand medical units have been put into operation in the villages, 369 of them in 2017.

No more queues for kindergarten

Over the years, queues for kindergartens have been almost completely eliminated. Since 2012, about 800 thousand places have been created in kindergartens. As a result, the enrollment of children in preschool educational institutions rose from 64.6% in 2014 to almost 100% in 2017.

Improvements also affected the quality of education. In particular, last year a record was set for the number of schoolchildren who received the maximum 300 points on the Unified State Examination, and the number of those who did not overcome the minimum threshold for the Unified State Examination, on the contrary, decreased by half. In addition, if in 2001 Russian elementary school students ranked 16th in the international study of reading literacy, in 2016 they have already risen to the first place.

Expenditures on science also increased. Funding for civilian science from the federal budget has grown by almost 20 times (from 17.4 billion rubles in 2000 to almost 350 billion in 2017), and funding for fundamental research has grown 14 times (from 8.2 to 117.5 billion rubles) . All this contributed to an increase in the number of young scientists (under the age of 39). Since 2000, their number has increased by 1.5 times and today makes up 43% of the total number of researchers.

In addition to education and science, attention was also paid to culture. For example, many new museums have opened. From 2001 to 2016, the number of public and private museums in the country increased from 2027 to 2742, while museums began to receive much more visitors - from 476 to 857 visits per 1000 inhabitants.

At the same time, there was also an increase in interest in art among children. The number of children enrolled in art schools increased by 234 thousand people in ten years, and in 2015 their number exceeded 1.5 million stability, says Dmitry Abzalov. Although changes in oil prices during these years also played a big role, he noted, the chosen economic course was also important, the targeted development of specific industries, for example, the military-industrial complex, the IT segment, or the agro-industrial complex, the expert summed up.

How the country has changed over the 18 years of Putin's presidency

On these holidays, a really important date slipped by imperceptibly - 18 years since Putin headed the Russian state. No one officially marked the date, but meanwhile this is a good reason to sum up the interim results. After all, during this time, Russia managed to again become the world's breadbasket, as in tsarist times, and even increased industrial production by one and a half times. What else has changed?

In the last days of December, experts summed up the results, but limited themselves only to the past 17th year. And here one cannot but agree with the presidential press secretary Dmitry Peskov, who singled out, first of all, his economic successes, because Russia emerged from a two-year recession, following the results of the first 10 months, GDP growth amounted to 1.6 percent.

However, the 18th year will be, first and foremost, a federal election year. Therefore, it would be much more interesting to look at more deep retrospective than one past year. For example, consider what positive developments and changes have taken place in Russia since Vladimir Putin was first elected president in March 2000.

However, as you know, in the status of acting president, Putin headed the country a little earlier - on December 31, 1999.

Economy breaks important records in 18 years

Yes, recent years in the economy have been quite difficult, given the sanctions confrontation between the West and Russia, as well as the financial crisis, many of the consequences of which we still feel. However, this crisis has largely been overcome, we have become accustomed to sanctions, and in the long term we can see serious progress.

It is worth highlighting two economic indicators that were especially painful for our country in the 90s - a huge public debt and inflation that is not inferior to it. Over the past 18 years, a colossal breakthrough has been made in this direction. The debt decreased during this time by as much as 22.7 times - from 69.1% of GDP in 2000 to 3.1% in 2016 Inflation was also defeated. If in 2000 it was 20.2%, then already in 2006, for the first time in the modern history of Russia, it fell below 10%, and as of December 4, 2017, it reached a record 2.5% in annual terms.

Decreased over 18 years and the unemployment rate. This indicator decreased from 10.6% to 5.2% of the economically active population, reaching its historical minimum for our country. For clarity, it should be noted that in the European Union (for which unemployment in recent years is generally a sick topic), it is 7.4%, in the euro area - 8.8%, in France - 9.7%, in Austria - 9.4% , in Italy - 11.1%, in Spain - 16.38%, in Montenegro - more than 20%, in Greece - 21%.

At the same time, Russia managed to increase its gold reserves. During the reporting period, the international reserves of our country grew by more than 30 times - from 12 to 378 billion dollars. The general recovery of the economy also contributed to the growth of its investment attractiveness. Even against the backdrop of the difficulties of recent years due to sanctions pressure, in general, the volume of investments increased by more than 2.5 times.

If these figures look abstract to some, then what could be more real than industrial growth? And it was significant in 2000-2017. Russian industry has demonstrated increase in production by 55.4%.

Animal husbandry also showed significant progress. The production of pork almost doubled (from 2.2 million tons in 2000 to 4.4 million tons in 2016), 1.3 times - eggs (from 24.2 to 34.4 billion pieces), 6 times - poultry meat (from 1.1 million tons to 6.2 million tons).

Successful military reform

Dmitry Abzalov, president of the Center for Strategic Communications, told the VZGLYAD newspaper that during these 18 years, the successes of the economy, in particular the military-industrial complex, also contributed to the modernization of the armed forces. In addition to increasing the monetary allowance of the military and a general increase in army spending, cardinal reforms were carried out, the army was equipped the latest weapons and equipment. In particular, only in 2017 the level of re-equipment of the army amounted to 62%. Thanks to all this, a radically new image of the Russian Armed Forces was formed, which the world community could see, for example, in Syria.

Another successful area has been the development of information technology, especially in recent years. The level of Russian programmers is confirmed by first places in international competitions. In particular, in 2016, the Russians took all three prizes at the World Programming Olympiad.

The development of the IT segment became possible, firstly, thanks to fundamental science, a technical school, and secondly, thanks to the active growth of the domestic market and the achievements of Russian companies in foreign markets. Thirdly, due to the high development of the necessary infrastructure, such as Internet access, in our country, Abzalov emphasized.

We got out of the demographic hole

Another important sphere of life in our country is demographic policy. And, perhaps, it turned out to be no less breakthrough than the economy. Everyone remembers the demographic pit of the 1990s. How is the situation now?

Four years ago, for the first time since 1991, the country reached a positive natural population growth, which amounted to 25 thousand people. Between 2000 and 2016, the birth rate increased one and a half times. If in 2000 it was 8.6 per 1,000 people, then in 2016 it was 12.9, and from January to October last year it was 11.6. If in 2000 only 29% of Russian families had two children, then in 2016 - already 41%. The proportion of third and subsequent births increased from 11% to 19%.

Measures contributed to the increase in the birth rate family support accepted by the government all these years, such as, for example, the payment of maternity capital.

“According to our expert estimates, the measures that were taken in 2006, together with the measures taken in 2011-2012, gave from 2 million to 2.5 million additional births. Without these measures, we most likely would not have had such results, ” Sergey Rybalchenko, director general of the Institute for Scientific and Public Expertise, told Gazeta.ru.

It is difficult to single out the most effective demographic measure - they work as a “package”, says Alla Makartseva, head of the RANEPA Demography and Migration Research Laboratory.

“If we talk about recent years, then, rather, this is a decline waiting lists for kindergartens and the first steps towards making nurseries accessible and generally balancing work and parenting – all services related to childcare,” she stressed.

played an important role in increasing the birth rate reduction in infant mortality. A set of measures in the health sector, including the opening of perinatal centers, made it possible to reduce its risk by 2.6 times. In 2000, the infant mortality rate was 15.3 per 1,000 births, and in 2017 it was 5.3. And this historical minimum for our country. By the way, in the United States in 2016 this figure was 5.8, in Europe - 6.64, in Ukraine - 8, in Georgia - 15.6.

Another important aspect of population policy was increase in life expectancy, which, by the way, also remains an important indirect incentive to increase the birth rate. Total life expectancy for 2000-2016 increased by 6.6 years and reached 71.9 years. And in 2017, for the first time in the history of our country, it reached the mark of 72.6 years.

It is important to note that the mortality rate from circulatory diseases from 2007 to 2016 decreased by 1.37 times (from 846 per 100 thousand people in 2000 to 616 in 2016). During the same time, the death rate as a result of traffic accidents fell by 1.8 times: from 27 to 15 per 100 thousand of the population.

Medicine has become more technologically advanced

An increase in natural growth and life expectancy, as well as a decrease in infant mortality, are impossible without qualitative changes in the medical field, and this is not only the opening of perinatal centers. From 2000 to 2017, government funding for health care almost tripled in real terms, and in nominal terms, from 204.5 billion rubles in 2000 to almost three trillion in 2017.

Not only the health of the population has been improving in the last 18 years, but also its literacy. And it is worth starting here with increasing the availability of education.

Over the years, almost completely liquidated queues in kindergartens. Since 2012, about 800 thousand places have been created in kindergartens. As a result, the enrollment of children in preschool educational institutions rose from 64.6% in 2014 to almost up to 100% in 2017.

Improvements also affected the quality of education. In particular, last year a record was set for the number of schoolchildren who received the maximum 300 points on the Unified State Examination, and the number of those who did not overcome the minimum threshold for the Unified State Examination, on the contrary, decreased by half. In addition, if in 2001 Russian elementary school students ranked 16th in the international study of reading literacy, in 2016 they have already risen to the first place.

Increased spending on science. Financing of civilian science from the federal budget has grown almost 20 times (from 17.4 billion rubles in 2000 to almost 350 billion in 2017), and funding for basic research has grown 14 times (from 8.2 to 117.5 billion rubles) . All this contributed to an increase in the number of young scientists (under the age of 39). Since 2000, their number has increased by 1.5 times and today makes up 43% of the total number of researchers.

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MOSCOW, February 8 - RIA Novosti. The post-Soviet era is considered to be a time of deep crisis in Russian science, however, both in the 1990s and later, Russian scientists managed to obtain world-class scientific results.

In honor of the Day of Russian Science, the RIA Novosti agency conducted a large-scale survey of experts and compiled a list of the most important and most striking discoveries made by Russian scientists over the past 20 years. This list does not pretend to be complete and objective, it does not include many discoveries, but it gives an idea of ​​the scale of what has been done in post-Soviet science.

superheavy elements

It was in the post-Soviet era that Russian scientists took the lead in the race for the superheavy elements of the periodic table. From 2000 to 2010, physicists from the Flerov laboratory at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, near Moscow, synthesized for the first time the six heaviest elements with atomic numbers from 113 to 118.

Two of them are already officially recognized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and. The application for the discovery of elements 113, 115, 117 is still being considered by IUPAC.

“It is possible that one of the new elements will be given the name “Muscovite,” Andrey Popeko, deputy director of Flerov’s laboratory, told RIA Novosti.

Exawatt lasers

Russia has created a technology that allows you to get the most powerful light radiation on Earth. In 2006, the PEARL (PEtawatt pARametric Laser) facility was built at the Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, based on the technology of parametric light amplification in nonlinear optical crystals. This installation gave out an impulse with a power of 0.56 petawatts, which is hundreds of times greater than the power of all power plants on Earth.

Now IAP is planning to increase the power of PEARL to 10 petawatts. In addition, it is planned, which involves the creation of a laser with a power of up to 200 petawatts, and in the future - up to 1 exawatt.

Such laser systems will make it possible to study extreme physical processes. In addition, they can be used to initiate thermonuclear reactions in targets; they can be used to create laser neutron sources with unique properties.

Heavy duty magnetic fields

Physicists at the Russian nuclear center in Sarov, led by Alexander Pavlovsky, developed a method in the early 1990s to produce record-breaking magnetic fields.

With the help of explosive magnetocumulative generators, where the blast wave "squeezed" the magnetic field, they managed to obtain a field value of 28 megagauss. This value is an absolute record for an artificially obtained magnetic field, it is hundreds of millions of times higher than the strength of the Earth's magnetic field.

Using such magnetic fields, one can study the behavior of matter under extreme conditions, in particular, the behavior of superconductors.

Oil and gas will not run out

The press and environmentalists regularly remind us that oil and gas reserves will soon - in 70-100 years - come to an end, this may lead to the collapse of modern civilization. However, scientists from the Gubkin Russian University of Oil and Gas argue that this is not the case.

Through experiments and theoretical calculations, they proved that oil and gas can be formed not as a result of the decomposition of organic substances, as the generally accepted theory says, but in an abiogenic (non-biological) way. They found that in the upper mantle of the Earth, at depths of 100-150 kilometers, there are conditions for the synthesis of complex hydrocarbon systems.

"This fact allows us to speak of natural gas (at least) as a renewable and inexhaustible source of energy," Professor Vladimir Kucherov from Gubkin University told RIA Novosti.

Lake Vostok

Perhaps the last major geographical discovery on Earth belongs to Russian scientists - the discovery of the subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica. In 1996, together with British colleagues, they discovered it using seismic sounding and radar observations.

Drilling a well at Vostok station allowed Russian scientists to obtain unique data on the climate on Earth over the past half a million years. They were able to determine how temperature and CO2 concentration changed in the distant past.

In 2012, a Russian polar explorer managed for the first time to penetrate this relic lake, which was isolated from the outside world for about a million years. The study of water samples from it, perhaps, will lead to and will allow us to draw conclusions about the possibility of the existence of life outside the Earth - for example, on Jupiter's moon Europa.

Mammoths - contemporaries of the ancient Greeks

Mammoths were contemporaries of the Cretan civilization and became extinct already in historical time, and not in the Stone Age, as previously thought.

In 1993, Sergei Vartanyan and his colleagues discovered the remains of pygmy mammoths, whose height did not exceed 1.8 meters, on Wrangel Island, which, apparently, was the last refuge of this species.

Radiocarbon dating, carried out with the participation of specialists from the Faculty of Geography of St. Petersburg University, showed that mammoths lived on this island until 2000 BC. Until that moment, it was believed that the last mammoths lived in Taimyr 10 thousand years ago, but new data showed that mammoths existed during the Minoan culture in Crete, the construction of Stonehenge and the 11th dynasty of the Egyptian pharaohs.

The third kind of people

The work of Siberian archaeologists under the leadership of Academician Anatoly Derevyanko made it possible to discover a new, third kind of human beings.

Until now, scientists were aware of the two highest species of ancient people - Cro-Magnons and Neanderthals. However, in 2010, a study of DNA from bones showed that 40 thousand years ago in Eurasia, a third species lived with them, named Denisovans.

Methane and water on Mars

Although Russia failed to carry out successful independent interplanetary missions in the post-Soviet period, Russian scientific instruments on American and European probes and ground-based observations have brought unique data about other planets.

In particular, in 1999, Vladimir Krasnopolsky from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and his colleagues, using an infrared spectrometer at the Hawaiian CFHT telescope, first recorded absorption lines of methane on Mars. This discovery became a sensation, since living beings are the main source of methane in the atmosphere on Earth. These data were then confirmed by measurements from the European Mars Express probe. Although the Curiosity rover has not yet confirmed the presence of methane in the Martian atmosphere, this search does.

The Russian HAND instrument aboard the Mars-Odyssey spacecraft, developed under the direction of Igor Mitrofanov of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, has shown for the first time that there are huge reserves of subsurface water ice near the poles of Mars and even at mid-latitudes.

© State Astronomical Institute. PC. Sternberg Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov/ Zhanna Rodionova

He began his work by comparing mythological motifs among the natives of Siberia and America, and then included in his research data on the cultures of almost all the peoples of the world, which made it possible to draw an impressive picture of the primary settlement of people around the globe.

He proved that there are stable coincidences of certain mythological motifs in certain regions, which correlate with the most ancient movements of primitive tribes, which is confirmed by archeological and genetic data.

"Thus, we have - for the first time in the history of science - a method for a relatively accurate assessment of the time of existence of the components of the oral tradition, which solves a number of central problems of folklore or, at least, gives researchers a guideline for subsequent research," the professor told RIA Novosti. Sergei Neklyudov from the Russian State University for the Humanities.

Millennium Challenge

Russian mathematician Grigory Perelman in 2002 proved the Poincaré conjecture - one of the seven "millennium problems" from the list of the Clay Institute of Mathematics. The hypothesis itself was formulated back in 1904, and its essence boils down to the fact that a three-dimensional object without through holes is topologically equivalent to a sphere.

Perelman was able to prove this hypothesis, but he received unprecedented popularity in the media when he received $ 1 million from the Clay Institute for this proof.