Mto enterprise. Organization of material and technical support of the enterprise. Functional basis and basic tasks

14.11.2020 Sport

The process of logistics of production is aimed at timely delivery to the warehouses of the enterprise or immediately to the workplaces of material and technical resources required in accordance with the business plan. In the composition of material and technical resources Supply: raw materials, materials, components, purchased technological equipment and technological equipment (fixtures, cutting and measurement tools), new vehicles, loading equipment, computing equipment and other equipment, as well as purchased fuel, energy, water, etc. d. If briefly, everything that comes to the enterprise in real form and in the form of energy belongs to the elements of logistics production.

Material and technical maintenance goals:

- timely provision of enterprise divisions with the necessary types of resources of the required amount and quality;

- Improving the use of resources: improving labor productivity, fund-studies, reducing the duration of production cycles of manufacturing products, ensuring the rhythm of processes, reduce working capital turnover, full use of secondary resources, improving investment efficiency and other indicators;

- Analysis of the organizational and technical level of production and quality of products from competitors of the Supplier and the preparation of proposals for increasing the competitiveness of resources issued by competitors or a change in the provider of a specific type of resource. For the sake of improving the quality of "entry" enterprises should not be afraid of changing non-competitive resource providers.

To achieve listed goals in the enterprise constantly necessary perform the following work:

a) carrying out marketing research of the market of suppliers for specific types of resources;

b) the normalization of the need for specific types of resources (rationing is the process of analyzing the use of working capital, development, coordination and approval of standards and norms of consumption of working capital or other objects);

c) the development of organizational and technical measures to reduce the norms and standards of resource consumption;

d) search channels and forms of logistics production;

e) the development of material balances;

e) scheduling material and technical support of production resources;

g) organization of delivery, storage and preparation of resources to production;

h) organization of providing job resources;

and) accounting and control of resource use;

k) organization of production collection and recycling;

l) analysis of the efficiency of resource use;

m) stimulating improvement in the use of resources.

All listed works should be done by the department of logistics of production, subject to the deputy head of the enterprise for production. Since the quality of the department's work in many respects determines the quality of the production process, it must be staffed by highly qualified specialists. In addition, many issues solved by the department are comprehensive, require knowledge of marketing, technology, technology, economics, rationing, forecasting, organization of production, inter-production ties.

Depending on the volume of production and the specifics of the materials, the logistics departments at the enterprise are organized in different ways. There are the following types of logistics organization:

1. Centralized form. With this form, the supply and warehouse features are carried out by a single supply apparatus, which is divided into the following working groups: planned, blank, engaged in storage operations. This structure is typical for small and medium enterprises.

2. System "SUPPARD". It consists of separate supplied units specialized in individual groups of materials. Each of the supply stores completely autonomy and itself performs all equipped functions on its own group of materials. This structure is practiced at enterprises that consume in large numbers homogeneous types of materials.

3. Workshop system. With this system, the supply is carried out in a territorial production ground. The warehouse serves one specific workshop and all equipped functions are combined in one structural unit. This system is rare.

The structure of the logistics department of production is submitted to the following (Fig. 35):

1. Bureau of marketing resource providers;

2. Bureau of rationing and planning to ensure production resources;

3. Bureau of stock management;

4. Bureau of providing jobs by resources;

5. Bureau of resource efficiency management.

In turn, each bureau may consist, depending on the size of the enterprise, from groups responsible for a particular problem or an object. For example:

Bureau Marketing You can share either by groups of resources (equipment, technological equipment, raw materials, materials, components), or according to marketing functions (information support group, group of study of suppliers, a group of studying the competitiveness of TovapOV, price group, public relations group). Obviously, in the formation of a bureau of an alignment, specialists are required, which own all marketing functions. When forming a Bureau of a functional basis, specialists should understand the features of all types of resources used by the enterprise. Everything is determined by specific conditions.

Bureau of rationing and planning Resource production can be assigned to the following functions: Development of methods for optimizing the use of resources in the conditions of this enterprise; development of standards of consumption of the most important types of resources on the main objects of the enterprise; analysis of the efficiency of resource use in the enterprise; development of strategic and tactical standards and standards; development of material balances; Development of a plan to ensure the enterprise and its divisions of material and technical resources (included in the business plan of the enterprise).

Bureau of stock management It could deal with the following issues: the calculation of the standards of various types of stock (revolving, insurance, consumable) by types of resources; optimization of stocks by types of resources; Organization of replenishment; accounting and control of resource use; Technical support of stock management.

Workplaces Bureau Resource The following questions should be solved: Equipping the main and auxiliary equipment, inventory, taire, labor protection devices and sanitary and hygienic devices; Organization of operational support for workplaces by technological equipment, materials, components, semi-finished products, fuel and energy resources; Accounting, control and analysis of the use of resources in the workplace.

Resource Management Efficiency Bureau It could deal with the identification of factors to improve the use of resources (by type), the establishment of dependencies between organizational and technical and economic indicators, the organization of accounting and controlling the use of resources as a whole on the enterprise, developing measures to improve the use of various types of resources, the organization of their implementation and stimulation.

By analogy with the marketing bureau, the structure of the remaining bureaus of the logistics department of production can be formed by a functional or subject basis.

The process of movement of resources Includes:

- attracting resources to perform various directions of work;

- use of resources according to one of the directions;

- restoration of resources (if necessary);

- Disposal or write-off resources.

Material and Technical Supplement Planning Production Includes a complex of work on the analysis of specific expenditures of material resources during the reporting period, the use of technological equipment and equipment, forecasting and rationing of certain types of resources on the planning period, the development of material balances by resource types, sources of receipt and the above directions of use.

Listed work on planning is very laborious. They are performed by economists and planners with the participation of other specialists. Managers do not participate in the development of plans, their task is to check the observance of planning principles, the composition of the planned documents, their quality.

The factors of improving the use of resources are:

- application to the process of movement of resources a set of scientific approaches;

- optimization of the formation and use of resources;

- improving the design or product structure;

- Improving product manufacturing technology;

- application of materials with predetermined properties;

- Application of optimal forms for these conditions and resource methods;

- Stimulating improvement in the use of resources.

Resource Forms:

- through commodity exchanges;

- direct links;

- auctions, contests;

- sponsorship;

- Own production, etc.

A specific form (method) of providing material and technical resources, the company chooses based on the characteristics of the resource, the duration of its receipt, the number of proposals, quality and price of the resource and other factors. In determining the implementation form of the enterprise, resources should be studied the reliability of the supplier and the level of competitiveness produced by it.

Fig.35. Organizational scheme of the department of the MTO of the industrial enterprise

Topic 16. Transport, warehouse,

Sales products

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1.1 Essence of logistical support

1.2 Functions, Forms and Logistics Tasks

1.3 Logistics Management Structure

1.4 Logistic approach to material and technical support

1.5 Foreign material and technical experience

2. Analysis of the organization of material and technical support of JSC MZKT

2.1 Financial assessment of the organization's activities

2.2 Analysis of the organization of material resources

2.3 Evaluation of Supply Management

2.3.1 Organizational structure of the material and technical support of JSC MZKT

2.3.2 Planning to ensure material resources of MZKT OJSC

1. Theoretical aspects of logistical support

1.1 Essence of logistical support

Material and technical support is the system of organizing the treatment and use of warehousing, basic and current funds of the enterprise (materials of raw materials of semi-finished products, machinery and equipment). Mto is also responsible for their distribution on structural divisions and business units and consumption in the production process.

The initial moment is to identify the needs of the organization in certain industrial funds, their volume and assortment for the current and future periods. In accordance with this, the MTO system must meet some requirements. First, it is aimed at timely and complete satisfaction of production needs. This ensures the continuity of the production process and affects its scope. Secondly, MTO is designed to create conditions for the effective activity of the enterprise, it aims him to the economic resource. In addition, the material and technical support in itself is capable of providing the priority of the consumer in economic relations.

The appointment of material and technical support is:

- timely supply of enterprises necessary for the manufacture of products by material resources;

- rational use of material resources, including in reducing the loss of resources to a minimum,

- carrying out work with suppliers in order to reduce the risk of supplying supplies.

For domestic enterprises before the transition to market relations, the centralized and stock distribution of material resources was typically.

In foreign enterprises in connection with the impact of a number of factors (the energy crisis, the influence of NTP, the exacerbation of competition), starting from the 70s. The attention has increased to material and technical support (MTO). This was facilitated by an increase in the share of material costs in the costs of production and an increase in the share of MTO in costs up to 15-20% in the process of improving the MTO in foreign enterprises was created "Logistics". This term is often associated with the French word LogeR.

The essence of logistics is a clear consistency in managing material resources and information flows to ensure consumer orders. In enterprises, a system for managing material resources, taking into account the requirements (orders) of consumers. Based on the unity of the information base, two processes are combined with material resources and product sales.

Economic practice has shown that with a separate solution to issues of supply and sales of products, these processes were often not agreed upon, which reduced the efficiency of the enterprise, along with this, the requirements for the information system and to the management organization have a single nature and the same technical base (computers) therefore It is economically unprofitable to share information and frames in two directions: supply and sales.

Currently, the following three main activities are allocated to the MTO; planning; management and accounting; Material operations, i.e. Events on the movement of goods. At the same time two streams are distinguished: information and commodity. These streams are interrelated with MTO activities, i.e. with planning, management and material operations.

The initial moment of the activity of the MTO planning is consumers, based on the demand of which orders for products are formed ("orders portfolio"), i.e. Volume, nomenclature and timing of orders.

Taking into account the nomenclature and volume of products by carrying out Gaa analysis of production and technology in order to identify the need for material resources. It should take into account the norms of consumption of material resources and the last experience of their consumption.

Having data on the required resources (volume, type of material, delivery times), test suppliers, those. The process of their ranking is clarified by the possibilities of each supplier, for example, according to the following indicators: the volume and delivery time, the price, location (distance), additional delivery conditions. The analysis of suppliers by their distribution by the degree of profitability and reliability is completed.

In addition to the need for material resources for the manufacture of products, the need for resources is determined to the reserve rate, for repairs, on spare parts, etc. Ultimately, a summary need for material resources is created. It should be borne in mind that the need for material resources, taking into account the time factor and planning, is divided into three types:

- promising need - on the basis of strategic planning,

- annual demand;

- Operational need for a quarter, month, week or day after determining the consolidated need is a supply plan and is consistent with suppliers, a calendar delivery schedule is specified, etc.

MTO management activity on the basis of logistics provides:

- Management handling of consumer orders:

- control over the provision of services;

- control over the flights with a shipped goods; accounting and inventory of finished products; accounting and distribution of orders to production units; consideration of semi-finished products;

- Accounting for raw materials and components; Managed processing of orders to suppliers.

Activities for the movement of goods (material flow) includes:

- receiving material resources from suppliers;

- preparation of material resources;

- interception and inter-canine transport;

- preparation and packaging of finished products;

- transportation and overload from the date of the exit of products from the place of production before entering the central warehouse (warehouses);

- deliveries of products from central warehouses to regional;

- preparation of products for implementation;

- Implementation of products.

The sequence of interaction of information and material flows is presented in Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.1. Flows in the logistics system

Note. Source: [Elizarov, s. 241]

The allocation of the information flow is caused by the fact that:

- the stability of the markets in recent years is constantly decreasing, and in this situation, expensive or significant backup reserves do not ensure the efficiency of resource use;

- optimal is the minimization of all costs and including the costs of supplying the enterprise;

- Information flow of services to regulating material flows, and its contents are primarily information about consumer orders on changes in these orders, about the needs in material resources and their changes, the consumption of raw materials, etc. Material flows are planned and are usually implemented.

- between the enterprise and the consumer through the distribution department;

- Between the supplier and enterprise through the supply department (procurement), the coordination of material and information flows within the enterprise is most often carried out by the Industrial Planning Department or the Planning Distribution Department.

Due to the relationship of material and information flows, possible disorders in the logistics chain will be quickly detected and eliminated.

In addition, the separation of goods flows from information flows creates the possibility of transmitting subcontractors with a part of material and managerial operations, provided that the enterprise maintains control over the process and the level of logistical support in general. This transmission of operations will allow, first, to free up capital; Secondly, the specialization of subcontractors can reduce the cost of MTO.

1.2 Functions and, Forms and tasks material and technical support

The MTO system has a number of functions:

- planning of the need for material resources;

- stockpiling function;

- storage of harvested raw materials and materials;

- the implementation of accounting and strict control over the issuance of raw materials and materials by production, etc.

Material production is a fairly wide concept, so it can have several forms.

1. Deliveries of finished products, semi-finished products and industrial services for direct economic relations.

2. Wholesale trade in manufacturing facilities, as well as manufactured goods by warehouses, through store chains and traveler bases.

3. Exchange and borrowed operations in case of lack of resources or cash in the form of investments.

4. Using secondary resources, waste recycling.

5. Leasing, which is one of the main financial instruments by which long-term investment in re-equipment and modernization of production. This allows you to create a stable material and technical base and contributes to the growth of the competitiveness of goods manufactured.

6. Purchase of raw materials and materials through commercial exchanges, as well as import procurement on relevant partnership agreements with foreign firms.

7. Development of subsidiary farming (raw materials production, manufacture of containers) and the implementation of a centralized distribution of material resources.

The main task of the material and technical supply service is the timely and uninterrupted provision of the enterprise with raw materials and materials, components and related products, various means of production using an efficient and rational scheme of their purchases.

Classification of materials. Modern enterprises have the need for a variety of materials of a wide range of and assortment. In order to reduce the cost of production, the search for new materials to improve the properties and quality of products, the improvement of the production conditions in the enterprise must be classified and indexing the materials used. This work is needed to improve the system of operational and accounting.

The classification is based on the grouping of materials for the homogeneity of characteristic features, followed by the distribution to sections, subsections, types, etc. Each of the sections is assigned the corresponding index on the decimal system.

The classification is carried out in the form of tables in which each partition is assigned an individual classifier index, with reference to specifications, standards or certificates, indicating the price of the seller and purchase prices.

The seller's price represents the price of the supplier and is indicated by it when concluding an agreement-delivery. Acquisition price includes the price of the seller, as well as all the costs associated with the acquisition and delivery of materials - a margin of intermediary organizations, transport tariffs, the cost of delivering goods to the warehouses of enterprises and workshops [East. 2, 226-227].

1. 3 Material and Technical Support Management Structure

Material and technical support on most enterprises is traditionally carried out by the supply department. In this department, a plane-economic group (Bureau) is included in the composition of the Base; Material groups (which are specialized by type of materials); Dispatcher Group (Bureau); Material warehouses or warehouse; Transportation.

The appointment of the planning and economic group of the supply department is as follows: Develop supply plans, determine the possibility of meeting the needs of e specific types of resources; Technical and economic substantiation of the choice of supply forms (transit or warehouse); establishing limits of resource issuers to workshops and manufacturing services; Accounting and analysis of activities.

Material Group (Bureau): Makes orders n specifications for material resources and presents to enterprises-suppliers; conducts accounting of documents for the supply of products; Develops operational supply plans; Organizes the importance of material resources to the enterprise (for example, from railway stations, equipped-selling. Failure, etc.).

Dispatching Group (Bureau): Controls the provision of production by the main types of resources; regulates the import of material resources to the enterprise; organizes unloading of incoming goods; Carries out operational control and regulation of resource receipts into goals, sites, services.

Economic practice has allocated several typical options for the MTO organization.

For example, in small enterprises that produce limited product range and in small quantities, there are usually independent supply services. Therefore, the supply functions are performed or specially dedicated workers, or groups as part of the economic department (commercial department) of the enterprise. This department is observed most often by the Deputy Director for Commercial Affairs. The function of this economic department is also sales products, as well as transport and storage operations.

On medium and large, independent logistics departments are allocated. The structure of such a department, depending on the type and scale of production, is created or by functional, or on the material principle. The functional organization is most typical for small-scale and single production enterprises, which consume a relatively narrow nomenclature of material resources.

When organizing supply departments on a functional basis, functional units are created in the form of a bureau or groups that are designed to solve the basic MTO tasks. For example, the Planned Accounting Group (Bureau) performs the following functions: determining the need of an enterprise in material resources; preparation of supply plans and development of applications for the necessary resources by the enterprise; establishing limits of materials leave into production; keeping accounting and reporting on MTO. Procurement groups carry out operational work on the preparation of materials, control their shipment by suppliers and supply databases to the enterprise, are responsible for the timeliness and completeness of the material support of production.

With such an organization, the company's warehouse enterprise is directly subordinated to the head of the supply department or his deputy. Warehouses carry out the acceptance of materials entering the enterprise, their storage and vacation by production units (workshops, repair services, etc.).

The MTO organization on the material principle is preferable for enterprises with large-scale and mass production, when there is a broad nomenclature and considerable amount of products. When organizing the activities of the MTO on the material principle, the material groups of the supply department are designed to fulfill the entire complex of planning and operational work. At the same time, each material group on the nomenclature enshrined behind it carries out planning, the pen, the supply of workshops and services materials. This significantly increases the responsibility of these material groups for ensuring the production of material resources and allows you to quickly solve emerging problems. To fulfill the planning work and dispatcher of MTO processes, consolidated planning and dispatching units are created in such supply departments. At the same time, the warehouse is also highlighted in an independent structural unit and is subject to administratively or head of the supply department, or directly deputy director of the enterprise. And on operational issues - managers of relevant material groups.

The MTO organization in manufacturing associations is characterized by a certain originality and new features. This is primarily due to the specialization of enterprises, the unification of the nomenclature of materials consumed by them, the possibility of greater concentration of material resources and the best maneuvering them.

When organizing a MTO in manufacturing associations, it is necessary to take into account the location of enterprises belonging to this union. For example, if incoming enterprises are geographically separated, usually in enterprises-branches remain supply departments for the implementation of operational and procurement functions and ensuring the production of materials. In this case, the planned function is transmitted to the parent company, on which the planned bureau is expanded for its implementation in the MTO department.

If enterprises-branches are near the head, then there is no need to maintain independent supply departments there. In this case, the supply service is centrally centralized at the head company and must provide a full range of planned operational functions; A warehousing is also centralized, and on enterprises-branches, only small supply groups and subcomplete warehouses are maintained to provide workshops with resources.

When organizing MTO, it is necessary to take into account the two main forms of supply: transit and warehouse.

With transit supply form, the products comes from the manufacturer directly to the consumer. In this case, the process of delivery of products is accelerated, economic relations are strengthened between enterprises and suppliers and consumer enterprises, interfluid operations, storage and loading materials are disappeared and transport and procurement costs are reduced. It is necessary to take into account that the use of transit supply is economically advisable if the delivered resource (material) is constantly consumed in enough large size, which exceed transit and custom standards.

The warehouse form of supply is applied with small amounts of resource consumption. In this case, the resources from the manufacturer first are prepared on the warehouses of supply-sales organizations and from there are discarded to consumers. With this supply form, production reserves are reduced by consumers, the turnover is accelerated, and consumers are accelerated, and consumers get the opportunity to deliver the necessary resources to a time-friendly time and in quantities that do not exceed the actual need for this form of resources at this time. Equipped-sales authorities at the request of the consumer can pre-prepare materials for production consumption (for example, cutting of a metal sheet on the workpiece; cutting of cable products; packaging, special deported, picking, etc.),

It should be borne in mind that in the warehouse form of supplying enterprises-consumers carry additional costs for services performed by supply-sales organizations (warehouse margins).

Therefore, in each supplies, an economic substantiation of the choice of supply forms is required, determining that it is more profitable to the enterprise: to save on transport and procurement costs and increase the size of working capital in production reserves during transit supply or reduce production reserves during the storage form.

An important role for uninterrupted supply of enterprises is played by warehouse

Main functions of warehousing:

- temporary placement and storage of material reserves;

accounting of material reserves;

- planned and uninterrupted supply of workshops and manufacturing services material resources;

- preparation of materials for their direct consumption;

- Shipment of finished products to consumers.

Warehouses differ by:

- sizes of premises: from several small rooms with a total area of \u200b\u200bseveral hundred square meters to giant warehouses with an area of \u200b\u200bhundreds of thousands of square meters;

- Height of laying goods. So, in some cargo is stored at the level of human growth, and in other goods are placed on a height of several tens of meters;

- structures: semi-closed n closed;

- The degree of mechanization of warehouse operations: non-mechanized, mechanized, complex-mechanized, automated and automatic.

- product assortment: with mixed and with a universal assortment;

- sign of place in the total flow of motion of the material flow from the primary source of raw materials to the final consumer of finished products

Consider a Read more Classification of warehouses on the basis of place. On this basis, they are usually divided into two main groups:

- on the production site of production production and technical purposes;

- At the site of the movement of consumer goods.

At the same time, the warehouses associated with the movement of production and technical products are still divided into warehouses of finished products of manufacturers, raw materials and raw materials, the sphere of circulation of production production and technical purposes

Warehouses of the second group are divided into warehouses of companies in wholesale trade in goods of public consumption, which are in places produced by these products and in their consumption.

We will execute a brief analysis of the functions of various warehouses that are placed on the way of movement of the material flow of the primary sinking of raw materials to the end user.

First of all, these are warehouses of raw materials and source materials that take resources are unloaded, sorted, stored and prepare it to production consumption.

Warehouses of finished products of manufacturers carry out storage, storage - thinning or additional processing of products before shipping, labeling, preparation for loading and loading operations.

Warehouses of wholesale and mediation firms in the field of production of production and technical products, besides the functions listed above, carry out the concentration of goods, subcomplete, selection of products in the desired assortment, organize delivery of goods with small batches both to consumers and on the warehouses of other wholesale mediation firms, carry out storage backup batches.

Trade warehouses that are in places of concentration of production (weekend wholesale bases) take goods from manufacturing enterprises in large parties, complete and send large batch of goods to recipients who are in places of consumption of warehouses located in the field of consumption (trading wholesale bases) receive goods of the production assortment and , forming a wide shopping assortment, provide them with various trading enterprises

1. 4 Logistic approach K. Material and technical mu Provide yu

material technical resource provision

When developing a planning strategy in the enterprise, logistics policy should be part of the production functional strategy that, along with the marketing and organizational strategy, is part of the general economic strategy of the organization.

In the logistics system, when developing a strategy, transport operations and costs, power, communication (order processing), stock management, lifting and transport operation, planned and control systems, system organization should be included.

One of the standard technical techniques for the development of a logistics strategy is to analyze the usual logistics equilibrium between services and costs. Third element is added to this - the complexity that includes the following: the number of sources of supply and sources of stocks, a commodity and packaging nomenclature, the number of sources of orders and points of shipment of goods, seasonality, number of work centers, the number of levels in the list of materials, etc. .

All this increases the complexity and uncertainty of operations. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the complexity of operations and thereby reduce the element of uncertainty if possible, thus making the entire economic process with simpler and manageable.

The approach to solving strategic business problems should be based on the formation of a group of specialists of various profiles in all key functional areas of the logistics system and are carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the strategic goal and the direction of the economic development of the organization in the future are identified and issues are mainly issued:

1. Change market needs. Market analysis may show that in the volume of products passing through various distribution channels, shifts are taking place in favor of any channel.

2. Improving logistics requirements. Shift in distribution channels should be reflected in increasing logistics requirements as a system in terms of timing, delivery reliability and order equipment.

3. Breakdown of products on the Pareto principle. It is necessary to take into account the effect of Pareto: the limited number of goods accounts for the main flow.

4. Stock size and flexible production system. A flexible production system of an organization should be created, which would have reacted to changes in market needs, and the value of stocks should be optimal.

5. Attention to individual activities. It should be paid attention not only to the release of the range of ordinary and special products, but also on specific activities: labeling and packaging of consumer goods or special production and packaging.

6. Flexibility. At such a fleeting market, the logistics system must have the ability of short-term adaptation, therefore the flexibility of the final strategic direction is important.

7. Improving logistics indicators of suppliers. This part is associated with the development of various product delivery activities.

At the first stage, the current state of all economic functional regions, problems and bottlenecks of the organization are revealed. This database develops an action plan: goals, resources, graphs, interdependence and possible consequences, various economic options to ensure the general strategy of the organization.

At the second stage, a detailed general economic plan of the organization is produced, which confirms the strategic direction of the first stage. The content of the strategic direction includes:

1. Production facilities. Logistics group using computer models of production volume, product range, markets, power supply capacity, determines production facilities.

2. National distribution systems. The impact of changes in material resources in the production facilities of the national distribution system is taken into account.

3. Lifting and transport work. An important point is the effective work of the lifting and transport system for all parts of the total chain (consumer supplier).

4. Types of transport.

5. Control systems. Measurement and control over the results of activities.

6. Suppliers. Financial results.

7. Common economic plan. Logistics projects for each functional area are closely linked with a single economic plan. It includes a complete financial assessment, resource allocation, logistics management system, etc.

The given logistics scheme for the development of an economic strategy is aimed at efficient production, as well as to achieve significant advantages over competitors. Analysis and evaluation of any proposals related to the promotion of the material strength, its forecasting, as well as an alternative choice of their best options can be made using some indicators.

1. An indicator of return from the invested capital, or income to the capital of HVK:

(1)

2. The volume of investments - capital invested in the case and a supplemented part of the profit received, which is reinvested in assets for income and profit in the future.

Investment projects in the logistics system can be estimated in various ways, but typical of any analysis of the logistics system are determining the level of net income and the calculation of the amount of additional profit.

In addition, investment projects offered to improve the efficiency of the logistics system must be analyzed to answer and write such questions: What is the purpose of the project? What are the costs of the project and the expected return? What impact does the project have a project for the current and projected organization activities? How will the organizational structure of the enterprise change? How long will it take to achieve the full efficiency of the proposed system? What risks are related to the project? How can they cut them? What is the assessment of the project, recommendations? and etc.

After the logistics system's strategy and tactics and tactics are developed and accepted, an organizational aspect arises, which should contribute to the right and efficient coordination of all the elements of such a complex mechanism as a logistics system.

The concept of "organization" can be approached from two points of view: structural and behavioral. In the first case, the organization of the logistics system is considered as such, and in the second - from the point of view of a person, its abilities and motivation to work. In this case, only the structural organization of firms that use the logistics system is considered.

When developing an organizational structure, attention is paid to such problems:

- definition of goals and on their basis, the establishment of a detailed specification of work, which are subject to the implementation of the logistics system;

- grouping activities on the functional areas of the logistics system;

- distribution of powers;

- definition of responsibility and reporting for the implementation of a type of activity;

- Development of instructions (provisions) for employees so that everyone knows its place in the process of working the logistics system.

As a rule, organizational structures, taking into account the specified problems, are built on a traditional classical approach. With this approach, the vertical integration of management is considered as a combination of linear managers with functional. However, its main task is to monitor the promotion of material strength.

Speaking about the commercial forecast of the logistics system, refers to the assessment of the expected levels of demand for products for a certain period of time in the future. Since we are talking about future demand, our forecast is essentially a guessed. Nevertheless, when using a specific methodology for analyzing the status of markets and distribution channels in the forecast, something more than guessing may be contained. It can be argued that the forecast is a guessed, supported by knowledge. The projections requirement should be expressed in minimizing errors in appropriate estimates. To increase the value of the forecasts in the management process of the logistics system, it is necessary to form prognostic estimates with the orientation on their direct use in the preparation of long-term calendar plans for the motion of the material strength.

At the same time, the duration of the period associated with the forecast should be at least sufficient to develop an appropriate solution to the management of the logistics system and implementing this solution to life.

Such a task may be predicting the volume of material strength with wholesale businesses and the number of vehicles in the maintenance of industries, as well as the forecast (forecast) of its development in the future. The forecast is outlawed by possible borders, within which real tasks and goals can be delivered, i.e. The market areas of customer service and vehicles that will serve these production are formulated.

In this regard, the forecast can be viewed as a predictive stage of planned work; It does not put any specific tasks, but contains the material necessary for developing a strategy.

For strategic forecasts requires reliable information about the likely future of the development of transportation to which these decisions are related. This information must be obtained in the terms given by objective conditions under these specific conditions. With temporary depth of the forecast, the question is also associated with the possible degree of detailing of prognostic statements.

It is necessary to choose in each particular case of the optimal option for forecasting and scientifically based methods for planning the transportation of production and technical products from wholesale businesses.

For the reasonable volume of transportation, the following formula can be offered from the organization of wholesale trade:

, (2)

where

- a specific indicator of traffic expected to 1 million rubles. Commodity turnover of the warehouse, t;

T - turnover of the warehouse, million rubles.

The specific indicator of the volume of transportation, which accounts for 1 million rubles. Turnover, () We define the following formula:

, (3)

where

HP is the estimated indicator of the volume of transportation, attributed to 1 million rubles of trade turnover, T;

UE, SR - planned and estimated levels of mechanization of loading and unloading operations;

MP, MP - Planned and estimated share of decentralized transportation.

The optimal number of cars, which should serve the organization for the supply of products, can be determined using the economic models, and the methods of probability theory will detect the distribution of car receipts.

1. 5 Foreign material and technical support experience

Foreign enterprises, when analyzing MTO, first of all draw attention to its costs.

With a traditional approach, the composition of MTO costs included a set of costs associated with transport, storage, loading and unloading operations, accounting and sorting of incoming orders, etc.

Later, when analyzing the MTO, a new approach arose, which was aimed at optimizing the cost of MTO, taking into account ensuring the proper level of services to the consumer (user). At the same time, transport costs were carried out using various types of transport. Studies have shown that when carrying out transportation by air in comparison with terrestrial or maritime transport, high air rates are largely covered by savings on other cost elements. For example, on costs of warehousing stocks, overload of goods, etc.

Based on these studies, a French project for the supply of spare parts and semi-finished products of the Aviation Transport of the Supplement Plant "Peugeot" in Kaduna (Nigeria) was developed and implemented

Collected and supplied in Sosho (France) for special parts of cars are delivered to the airport, immersed on board the cargo aircraft serving this air bridge (the weekly volume of traffic was 1000 tons). By landing in Nigeria, the details were overloaded to the trucks of the Nigerian subsidiary, the firm "Peugeot" and transport were delivered to the factory, where new cars were collected from the part of the details brought on this day.

The firm "Peugeot" chose this method of transportation for the following reasons:

- total shipping costs in this case are lower than when transported by terrestrial and sea transport (for example, less costs for loading and unloading);

- the load is most often damaged;

- accidents are practically no;

- air transport is very flexible and easily adapts to changes to the degree of production loading;

- The possibility of the speedy delivery of parts in emergency cases is created.

Along with this, foreign authors also note the difficulty of accounting for MTO costs. So, the French authors of Erve Mate and Daniel Tickie note that "often a fragmented approach to the MTO is common. In such a situation, the costs of MTO and income from this activity are distributed among numerous services that perform other tasks of a trade, industrial, financial and managerial nature. Although the MTO subsystems are replaced and analyzed, but the existing communication between them remains out of sight of researchers. Moreover, data on the value of expenses usually does not allow to correlate specific operations on the MTO with the segment of the market, the activities on which they provide. It is also often so in most cases, the costs of circulation of goods are simply unknown.

In addition, often traditional accounting systems are usually not taken into account "Revenues" from MTO, as the share of profits from customer service in the total profit of the enterprise is not detected. In this regard, it is possible to analyze only the costs that take place at various stages of the MTO process, but not received due to this profit.

Foreign experts note that "there are difficulties in identifying the total costs of MTO due to the practical inaptability of the methods of modern accounting. The use of these methods determine the analysis of costs separately by services, each of which has a standalone budget. It would be more useful to apply a functional approach involving a comparable analysis of MTO services.

There are problems analysis of costs when applying traditional methods of arbitrary distribution of costs under cost articles. For example, the distribution of transport costs between various sales channels in no way should be carried out on the basis of relative data on the value of the turnover of each channel. "

In the countries of Europe, and in the United States conducted studies on the problem of accounting for MTO costs. At the same time, the greatest amount of research was devoted to the problem of identifying and optimizing expenses related mainly to the physical distribution of goods. Only in some cases, this problem was considered and in relation to production supply. The costs associated with the operational planning and the launch of goods in production, with overload and movement through the territory of production units were very rarely considered very rarely.

The value ratio of the MTO in various fields can differ significantly depending on the type of product.

There should also be significant country differences in the magnitude of different elements of the cost of MTO. Consulting firm "Kernie" conducted a study on comparison of the cost of MTO on the basis of the sample of European, American and Canadian companies1. The results of MTO cost research are reduced to Table 1.1.

Keywords

NATIONAL SECURITY / National Security / THE ECONOMIC GROWTH / Economic Growth / Socio-economic development / SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT / Military organization of the state / MILITARY ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE / State defense order / State Defensive ORDER / Material and technical support / PUBLIC POLICY / State Policy / Material Support

annotation scientific article on economics and business, author of scientific work - Kodokkovsky Alexander Aleksandrovich, Kurbanov Arthur Husainovich, Plotnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich

At the present stage of the development of the Russian political and socio-economic system, the degree and differentiation of the spectrum of threats are observed national Security. Ensuring the sustainability of development in such an environment requires consolidation of resources allocated to solve problems in the field of defense and security. In this regard, new and complex tasks of military and economic nature are placed before the departmental systems of the armed forces, other troops, military formations and bodies of the Russian Federation. The close relationship of these tasks is increasing more clearly: the solution of predominantly military issues almost at all levels depends on the level of economic security resources. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the article discusses the development prospects of the system. material and technical support military organization of the state.

Text of scientific work on the topic "The system of logistical support of the military organization of the state: features of the functioning and prospects for development in modern economic conditions"

| Kodelkovsky A. A., Kurbanov A. Kh., Plotnikov V. A.

about logistical system

§ Military organization of the state:

x Features of functioning and prospects

£ Development in modern economic conditions

Kodokkovsky Alexander Alexandrovich

Military Academy of Material and Technical Support by the name of the General Army A. V. Khrulev (St. Petersburg)

Deputy Head of the Academy for Academic and Science

Dr. Military Sciences, Professor

Kurbanov Arthur Husainovich

Military Academy of Material and Technical Support by General Army Army A. V. Khruleva Professor of the Department of Material Relations Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor [Email Protected]

Carpenters Vladimir Aleksandrovich

Military Academy of Material and Technical Support named after the Army General A. V. Khrulev Professor of the Department of Material Relations Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor [Email Protected]

At the present stage of the development of the Russian political and socio-economic system, an increase in the degree and differentiation of the spectrum of threats to national security is observed. Ensuring the sustainability of development in such an environment requires consolidation of resources allocated to solve problems in the field of defense and security. In this regard, new and complex tasks of military and economic nature are set before the departmental systems of material and technical support of the armed forces, other troops, military formations and bodies of the Russian Federation. The close relationship of these tasks is increasing more clearly: the solution of predominantly military issues almost at all levels depends on the level of economic security resources. Based on comprehensive analysis, the article discusses the prospects for the development of the material and technical support system of the military organization.

KEYWORDS

national Security, Economic Growth, Socio-Economic Development, Military Organization State, State Defense Order, Logistics, Public Policy

Tselykovskikh A. A., Kurbanov A. H., Plotnikov V. A.

System of Material Support Of The Military Organization of the State: Features of Functioning and Prospect of Development in Modern Economic Conditions

Tselykovskikh Alexander Aleksandrovich

Military ACADEMY OF LOGISTICS Named After Army General A. V. Khrulev (Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation) Depet Chief Of Academy On Educational and Scientific Work Doctor of Science (Military Science), Professor [Email Protected]

Kurbanov Arthur Husainovich

Military Academy of Logistics Named After Army General A. V. Khrulev (Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation) Professor of Department Of Material Security Doctor of Science (Economy), Associate Professor [Email Protected]

Plotnikov vladimir aleksandrovich

Military ACADEMY OF LOGISTICS Named After Army GENERAL A. V. Khrulev (Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation) Professor of Department of Material Security Doctor of Science (Economy), Professor [Email Protected]

At The Present Stage Of Development Of The Russian Political and Social and Economic System Strength of Degree and Differentiation of A Range of Threats of National Security is Observed. Ensuring Stability of Development In Such Situation Demands Consolidation of the Resources Allocated for the Solution of Tasks In The Sphere of Defense and Safety. In This Regard, New and Complex Tasks of Military and Economic Character Are Set For Departmental Systems of Material Support of Armedal Forces, Other Troops, Military Formations and Bodies of the Russian Federation. EVERYTHING APPEARS ALSO CLOSE INTERRELATION OF THESE TASKS MILITARY QUESTIONS PRACTICALLY AT ALL LEVELS DEPENDS ON THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY WITH RESOURCES. On the Basis of the Complex Analysis, In Article Prospects of Development of System of Material Support of the State Are Considered.

national Security, Economic Growth, Social and Economic Development, Military Organization of the State, State Defensive Order, Material Support, State Policy

Negative phenomena in the economy of the Russian Federation, exacerbated due to the acute phase of the crisis of 2008-2009, were fully overcome so far. Unlike the crisis of 1998, which generated a medium-term wave of economic growth, a modern post-crisis "rebound" of the trajectory of Russian GDP was very short and sluggish: since 2012, the dynamics of production slowed down significantly, threatening to paint into stagnation.

2013-2014 Brought Russian economic and political systems a new "strength test." Foreign policy pressure associated with events around the Crimea and Ukraine, economic sanctions and restrictions, the sharp devaluation of the national currency, the fall in world oil prices and a number of other factors have formed a new challenge system and threats in the socio-economic sphere. At the same time, these threats (which has never been previously in the post-Soviet Russia) were reproed to the military-political and military-strategic plane. This created a fundamentally new environment for the further sustainable development of the country, to ensure its national security.

It became obvious that the liberal arguments of 10-20 years ago have lost their relevance both in the economic and in the military-economic sphere. They ceased to fully comply with Russian realities and the closest prospects for the development of the country. In our opinion, the preservation of a high level of defense expenditures today is not a refund to the traditions of the "Cold War", but the need caused by changing the spectrum and the intensity of threats to the economic and political sovereignty of the Russian Federation. The reform in the armed forces is actually completed, they switched to new principles of organizational construction, the basing system has changed, the system of their tasks and application objectives has been transformed.

Today, unconditional priority is the full implementation of the approved state weapon program. Transferring its execution timing and rehealing consulting. № 12. 2014 17.

2 reviews of the structure (under the pretext of saving budget expenditures in crisis period) can lead to leveling efforts to strengthen the country's defense capabilities that have been undertaken over the past years. Yes, and with an economic point of view, it is unwise: technical re-equipment was completed at key enterprises of the defense and industrial complex, work was completed at work and production and production on the production of new and upgraded samples of unesia and military equipment. Downloading these enterprises orders can give< мощный мультипликативный импульс российской экономике, особенно высокого технологичному сектору промышленности, что позволит эффективно решать актуальные сегодня проблемы импортозамещения .

An equally important task for state policy in the field of defense and security is to strengthen the economic subsystem of the military organization itself, the basis of which is the material and technical support system, which is carried out by the Ministry of Defense of Russia. Functioning in modern conditions, the system of material and technical support of the state military organization is the most large-scale of the systems providing state institutions. It is designed to perform a set of measures aimed at solving special tasks in the interests of military consumers (Fig. 1), and includes a large number of structural elements: military authorities; logistics centers; Connections, parts and divisions of logistics. The interaction between the elements of the system is organized and carried out: on the scale of the armed forces - through the headquarters, departments and main management, in the districts - through the relevant management and services.

The system of material and technical support of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the MTO of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation) is a link between the national economy (enterprises of the country's economic complex) and military consumers, in the interests of which will be applied, is paid, the products are carried out, it is stored and products are being distributed, Performing relevant work and services (Fig. 2). The organization of the MTO of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation involves the widespread use of the resources of the enterprises of the country's economic complex. The system under consideration is not autonomous and self-sufficient, it is embedded in general economic processes and is influenced by not only crisis phenomena in the economy, but transformations occurring in the public administration system.

For example, within the framework of the concept of administrative reform in the Russian Federation in 2006-2010 (as amended by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 09.02.2008 No. 157-P, Decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 28, 2008 No. 221), providing for optimizing the functions of the executive authorities In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the implementation of outsourcing technology was implemented. The main provider of services in the interests of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was determined OJSC Obestorsvis - Holding. The holding included 10 concerns - "Aviationont", "Specremont", "Remvooruchiya", "Oboronstroy", "Agroprom", "Oboronenergo", "Voinorg", "Red Star", "Slavyanka" and "Defenseorg". Among the tasks of OJSC OBRONSERVIS: the organization of warranty and service, modernization, repair and disposal of aviation equipment, weapons and military equipment, civilian appliances, as well as the introduction of new technologies and developments in this area; organization of operation, maintenance, repair, modernization of energy facilities; Organization of trade and domestic services and nutrition in the interests of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, state and other customers.

If you refer to the history of the functioning of departmental supply systems, it can be concluded that in order to uninterrupted the provision of military consumers

The appointment of the MTO of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation MTO is organized and carried out in all types of everyday and combat activities. The goal is to maintain troops and forces in constant readiness for the tasks for purpose

Supply of troops (forces) of IWT and other material means:

Claiming;

Accounting and storage;

Providing troops (forces)

Operation and restoration of IWT:

Introduction IWP into operation;

Maintenance;

Refueling fuel;

Adjusting

to use (combat use);

Use (combat use);

Evacuation;

Ensuring the basing of aviation and fleet forces

Transportation of troops and goods by all types of transport

Preparation, operation, technical cover and restoration of transport communications

Creating conditions for the life and life of military personnel:

Equipment of personnel;

Cooking food;

Baking bread;

Washing personnel;

Laundry;

Dry cleaning of nonsense property;

Providing a tent fund;

Veterinary and sanitary supervision;

Events fire

and environmental safety

Fig. 1. Appointment of the material and technical support system of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

L Source: Developed by A. A. Kalykovsky based on the provisions of departmental guidelines, data of its own research

Power and economics

MTO - a set of events aimed at solving special tasks in the interests of the military organization

Armed forces

Russian Federation

Material-

technical

provision -

as a component

economy

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

National Audit Complex of the Russian Federation

Fig. 2. The role of the MTO system of the Russian Federation

various techniques, forms and methods were used. However, the goal was alone - to increase the efficiency of the army supply system. The transformation of the procedure for logistically, the military consumers that occurred in the past few years has pursued two main tasks. First, it was decided to optimize the cost structure for the functions of ensuring the provision of troops (forces) by products, works, services. Secondly, there was a need to improve the effectiveness of military organization by transferring unusual (providing) functions to third-party specialized performers and its concentration on the main tasks according to purpose.

By 2014 it became clear that not all alleged targets for the implementation of outsourcing technology in the MTO system of the Russian Armed Forces are achievable in practice. The activities of Obcomervis OJSC and the contractors attracted within the framework of contracting did not always meet the requirements of the bipper - the Ministry of Defense of Russia. This is due to various reasons, both organizational and economic and technical ones. In this case, there is a close relationship between the first and second.

OJSC OBONERSERVIS recently occupies a significant share in the outsourcing services market for the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The concern is transmitted a significant number of functions, including those that previously were the prerogative of exclusively departmental units (Fig. 3).

OJSC OBRONSERVIS has been working with the state customer for several years, many state contracts have been concluded, which are funded, some of the funds come in the form of advance payments, some objects of ensuring infrastructure (dining rooms, bath-laundry, warehouses, etc.) transferred to the Holding to operational management . Despite this, it is possible to state the lack of investment in fixed assets in the stakeholders. In most cases, short-term investments are observed in order to obtain short-term profits.

As a result, the degree of wear of the fixed assets of subsidiaries and affiliates of OJSC OBONSERVIS remains high and reaches an average of 48.3% (Table 1). In part, this indicator corresponds to the data on the country as a whole. Thus, according to S. Yu. Glazyev, Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation on the development of Eurasian integration within the framework of the Customs Union and a Common Economic Space, depreciation of fixed assets in Russia by the end of 2014 amounted to 48.5%).

Despite the fact that the degree of technological equipment and competence of the concern is at the middle level, in a number of areas of production ha

Fig. 3. The share of OJSC Obestorsvis in the total amount of satisfaction of the needs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in products, works (services) in 2014,%

Table 1

The state of fixed assets of subsidiaries and affiliates of OJSC OBRONSERVIS

Name of OJSC Residual value of fixed assets of subsidiaries and affiliates, billion rubles. Depreciation of fixed assets,% Indicator of production capacity,%

"Removery" 2.9 49 51

"Aviamont" 7,8 34 35

"Specremont" 5.2 42 46

"Oboronstroy" 12.4 43 39

"Agroprom" 4.8 55 68

Oboronenerlo 8.3 86 70

"Slavyanka" 1.8 58 100

"Red Star" more than 0.8 20 55

"Voentorg" 5.9 more than 50,78

Source: OJSC OJSC OBRONSERVIS.

racter OJSC Obestorsvis, according to its own assessment, does not possess sufficient competence (Table 2).

Considering the situation with the low quality of services provided by third-party performers, non-compliance with the periods of state contracts, the inability to fulfill the functions for servicing special consumers of military administrations, today the issue of revising some aspects is being worked out.

< Таблица 2

The level of technological equipment of enterprises OJSC OBRONSERVIS

Technology Name Level Development Technology

low middle high

In the sphere of repair of weapons, military and special equipment

Automotive Technology Repair Technologies

Machinery repair technologies

Aviation Technology Repair Technologies

Communication tools repair technologies

Ammunition repair and utilization technologies

Technologies for the design of complex infrastructure systems and objects

Production and assembly technologies

Development and Research Technologies for Maritime Topics

Technologies for the production of information systems, solutions and their integration

Production of small-caliber armament

Production of small aircraft

Production of special equipment and weapons

Communication technology

In the field of material support

Technologies for the production of broad property

Food Production Technologies

Domestic services technology

Source: OJSC OJSC OBRONSERVIS.

tov interaction with the holding. In June 2014, at a meeting, chaired by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, S. K. Shoigu decided to reform OJSC Odorsservis, the transformation of it to Garnizon OJSC, which will include four subchelding (single building and housing and communal; Combined repair and production; domestic services and supply; provision of communication services and telecommunications).

We misunderstood the attention of the interaction of the MTO of the MTO of the Russian Federation with OJSC Obestorsvis. For 10 years, the gradual integration of civil contractors in the departmental supply chains and ensured led to ambiguous results. On the one hand, the chosen vector of development of the MTO system of the Russian Armed Forces of the Russian Federation should contribute to the maximum (where it is possible) to replace its own business structures with civil companies and thereby create conditions for saving financial resources, improving the quality of service (through the use of more modern technologies), Removing servicemen from performing non-patient for

of them functions. On the other hand, this aspect is much more important, 2

currently, there is a need to permit a number of systemic pro- |

fatigues arising from the use of civil contractors in

providing troops, identifying long-term reference points and withdrawal

we trivial system on the progressive path of development. GO

Functioning of the system of logistical support of the military

state organizations are under complex interaction of four

major factors: military-economic, information, technical and "with

military-economic. Let us dwell on each of the listed factors, we will consider their content and the degree of impact on the development processes of the system under consideration.

Military-economic factor

The difficulties in the financial sector of the economy, related to crisis phenomena, were reflected in the provision of the state military organization with new samples of weapons and military equipment. Changes in the system of market relations set the MTO system of the Russian Armed Forces of the Russian Federation before the need to solve new tasks: a comprehensive study of the market conditions; analysis of the degree of socio-economic development of the regions of the country; posting state orders; procurement of products; attracting third-party organizations to transfer individual providing functions; Development of public-private partnership mechanisms (including in matters of joint construction and the use of logistics infrastructure), etc.

Information factor

Information connections that are the cause and consequence of the development of market relations, largely allow business entities to build an effective system for collecting, analyzing and exchanging information. The military organization of the state, in view of the special specifics of activity, cannot fully disclose data on the needs of troops in products, works, services, with an indication of the nomenclature and supply volumes. These restrictions create certain difficulties in the operational exchange of information with contractors of state contracts make practically impossible to attract consulting companies in order to increase the efficiency of logistics processes and exclude the use of foreign software.

Technical factor

The subjects and objects of the management of the logistics system (MTO Sun systems of the Russian Federation) are developing (must be developed) on the basis of modern technical advances in the transport and warehousing and management (this is a wide use of automation and computerization tools), ensuring a decisive success in the markets of goods and services that create conditions for optimizing the activities of material flow management processes when providing a military organization. In general, such directions of development of the MTO system of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were financed and funded by the residual principle, most of the military budget goes to the modernization of the existing and purchase of new weapons and military equipment.

Military Economic Factor

State support for shipping processes has always been of particular importance. The use of various methods of public administration to regulate these processes is an important condition for the development of the national eco-

2 nomes. We are talking about development and maintenance in working condition. Logistic infrastructure projects (primarily transport communications, in warehouse complexes, specialist training systems, etc.). At the same time, the state is simultaneously solving two tasks that have strategic importance, and the development of the economy will merge the development of the economy, and also increases its readiness to mobile-x-up in the event of a military threat and in the course of reflection of military aggression.

When forming a strategy for the long-term development of the MTO system of the Russian Federation< обходимо принимать во внимание не только концептуальные взгляды на строительно ство и применение вооруженных сил, но также и тот факт, что совершенствование рассматриваемой системы не может осуществляться самостоятельно и изолированно. В любом случае оно должно быть сопряжено с общими тенденциями развития логистики в России. В настоящее время в этой сфере выделяют пять характерных особенностей .

1. Fast growth of transportation costs. Traditional distribution methods have become more expensive due to the growth of commodity prices and inflation. Improving the level of management involves consideration of related aspects of logistics (production, product supplies, distribution, finance).

2. Achieving production efficiency limit. It becomes increasingly harder to achieve a significant reduction in production costs, almost all available forms and methods in this area have been identified and tested. On the other hand, Logistics remains an area where significant potential abbreviations are still preserved.

3. Fundamental changes in the philosophy of stock formation. At the same time, retailers are approximately half of the reserves of finished products, another half of the wholesale traders and manufacturers. Inventory management methods are able to reduce the overall level of stocks and change the ratio of a supported reserve to 10% in retailers and 90% of distributors and manufacturers.

4. Creating product lines as a direct result of the introduction of the marketing concept (providing each consumer of the products that he needs).

5. Computer technology. Logistics management is associated with the processing of a huge data array. The ability to control involves knowledge: the location of each consumer; sized each order; locations of production, warehouses and distribution centers; costs for transportation from each warehouse or plant to each consumer; available modes of transport and the estimated level of service; locations of suppliers; The level of stocks at each warehouse and distribution center.

In accordance with the directions of development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the medium and long term, based on the results of the analysis of the experience of building logistics systems, providing military organizations, assess the competitive advantages of commercial logistics organizations, the main trends in the development of the MTO of the Military Organization of the state until 2025. The following can be considered. . 3):

1) determining the optimal ratio of the use of outsourcing / inssoring technologies;

2) the introduction of automated systems that ensure logistics management at all levels;

3) implementation of the concept of integrated logistics support for weapons, military and special equipment on all their life cycle;

4) Reducing the "Shoulder of the Prodigation" of military products (material funds coming from industry to meet the needs of military consumers), eliminating excess logistics operations;

Table 3.<

Possible directions for the development of the MTO system of the military organization of the state: trends, prospects, practical implementation problems

Determination of the optimal ratio of application of outsourcing / inssoring technologies The possibility of preserving positive results from attracting third-party organizations in the interests of fulfilling providing functions, refusal to practice outsourcing (in some cases) when making a decision on the inappropriateness of the further use of this management innovation, the imperfection of the toolkit of solving problems with unscrupulous executors of state contracts In places due to the presence of a significant number of subcontractors, whose activities often are often not responsible (required under the state contract) quality standards

Implementing automated systems that provide logistics management at all levels reducing data on data processing and decision making, the ability to accumulate the necessary statistical information to build and apply the predictive models. High probability of unauthorized access to information stored on electronic media, the need to continuously update and debug software

Implementation of the concept of integrated logistics support for weapons, military and special equipment (IVD) on the entire life cycle from the development phase before disposal, building a unified after-sales service management system, maintenance and repair of IVD during operation ensures the required level of technical readiness and reduction of resources. Low level technical equipment, high degree of depreciation of fixed assets, low qualifications of service personnel can create significant difficulties in the implementation of this approach

Reducing the "shoulder of the prodigation" of military products (material funds coming from industry to meet the needs of troops (forces)) I have reduced costs in the procurement system and supply of products made in the interests of the military organization, reducing the time of the receipt of material resources, the elimination of redundant operations Acceptance and cargo serving of products coming from manufacturers The reluctance of suppliers of products take over the unnecessary transaction costs caused by the optimization of the logistics system. The lack of effective monitoring and analytical authorities in the state customer, whose activities were aimed at scientific justification and methodological support of work to optimize supply systems

Development Direction Expected effects from practical implementation Possible problems

Development of stocks system by optimal placement of stationary storage facilities, creating a single logistics storage system for reserves. Creating conditions for the use of progressive forms of warehouse cargo handling, a decrease in the loss of material resources when delivering and stored the need to allocate significant amounts of financial resources. Combining the reserves of material funds on one territory (in the case of construction of production and logistics complexes) increases their vulnerability

Provision of modern technical means The proportion of modern technical means by 2020 should be 70% of the presence of systemic problems in the OPK, the imperfection of the system of state order, the sanction policy of Western countries

Improving the efficiency of the system of interaction of the management bodies of the MTO system of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with the enterprises of the local economic base Management and enterprises (organizations) of the local economic base, which are based on the corresponding toolkit and regulatory framework

The scientific and methodological substantiation of the use of non-standard approaches to solve sudden problems of the problem of non-standard solutions may be different. For example, it is possible to organize the operational transformation of troops using public transport (electric trains, civil aircraft) Low level of flexibility in operational decision-making, the algorithm of which is not registered in the current guidelines, a high degree of risks and, as a result, the unwillingness of officials to take over a responsibility

Introduction

1. Organization of material and technical support of the enterprise 4

1.1 Essence and Classification of MTO 8

1.2 Structure and functions of MTO 9

1.3 Organization of supplying units (workshops and plots) enterprises 13

2. rationing and management of material resources 17

2.1 Flow rationing 17

2.2 rationing of stock 19

2.3 Material Management 21

Conclusion 23.

References 24.

Introduction

The main task of the company's supply authorities is the timely and optimal provision of the production of the necessary material resources of relevant completeness and quality. In this regard, the topic of economical and timely procurement of raw materials, materials and semi-finished products is relevant.

The goal of the course work to disclose the essence, structure and functions of the process of organizing logistics as enterprises in general and units (workshops and sites) of the enterprise.

Textbooks, teaching aids for students of economic specialties universities were used to fulfill this course work.

1. Organization of logistics production

Modern production presents a complex process that is functioning in constant and timely provision of its provision of production (raw materials, materials, fuels, electricity and heat, machinery and equipment) necessary for the manufacture of products, providing services or performing other works.

The company based on the study of the market opportuncture, the possibilities of potential partners, information on price movement organizes the material and technical support of its own production and capital construction on the basis of the acquisition of resources in the market of goods and services.

In the conditions of the market, the purchase of the most economical types of raw materials and materials, resource-saving techniques, ensuring the safety of material values, involvement in the circulation of industrial waste and secondary raw materials is important. All organizational and technical operations for the acquisition of the necessary material and technical resources are commercial activities of the enterprise. Such activities take into account the relationship between supply and demand, types and level of market prices, the size of surcharges for the services of equipped-sales organizations.

Providing enterprises with material and technical resources includes: determining the current and promising need in all types of material resources; Search for the most profitable suppliers and conclusion with them; organization of delivery of raw materials and materials on the enterprise; Input control of their quality; Acceptance and storage in warehouses; Preparation of materials for industrial consumption, accounting and control over the economical expenditure of material and technical resources. The implementation of individual functions for calculating the need for materials and the purchase of some of them are engaged in non-commercial units: the instrumental department, the department of the main mechanic, transport.

Material management is carried out:

at the level of the Republic of Belarus - the Ministry of Resources, which, together with the Gosconomy, determines the need for the most important types of resources (fuel, energy, metal, gas, grain, etc.), as well as the need for products for state needs. According to the law "On the supply of goods for state needs" since 1994, enterprises are obliged to take public laws for deliveries to interstate agreements, insurance stocks, state programs, for the structural restructuring of industry;

commercial wholesale trade firms;

resource saving and cooperation management in the structure of state committees and ministries;

logistics departments in enterprises;

commodity exchanges, which represent a special type of permanent wholesale market of material and technical resources with free pricing and operate on the basis of the "Law on Commodity Exchanges", adopted in 1992, the characteristic features of the commercial exchange are: carrying out the purchase and sale of not goods, and contracts on their delivery; Free purchase and sale of contracts, uniform stock trading rules. On open commodity exchanges, there are beneficial visitors to participate, on closed - only exchange intermediaries are involved;

at auctions, where sale from a public bargaining is carried out on the basis of the buyers' competition, in which the goods are pre-exhibited for inspection;

at fairs representing a large periodic market available to all industries, enterprises organized in a certain place and time for wholesale and purchase of goods on the exhibited samples. They are seasonal, universal, interstate, industry, regional;

at exhibitions involving the demonstration of goods, with which commodity transactions for the supply of products are concluded;

based on barter transactions representing a carless, but estimated and balanced exchange of goods issued by a single contract (contract);

by clearing, representing a non-cash payment system for goods based on the mutual standings of counter requirements and obligations.

The law "On Enterprises in the Republic of Belarus" provides that the logistics of own production and capital construction is organized by acquiring resources in the market of goods and services (on direct contracts in wholesale trade, in fairs, in logistical supply authorities and other intermediary organizations). The material and technical supply of public orders is carried out by the authorities of the state contract system, which performs the functions of the state intermediary. The law has significantly expanded the rights of the enterprise in the field of supply. The independence of the enterprise has expanded in the choice of logistical supply form and in concluding contracts with suppliers. The new meaning receives the concept of economic responsibility of the parties to the contract: the enterprise-supplier is increasing economic responsibility for the incommodation of deliveries; During the supply of enterprise products with a retreat in quality, it has the right to terminate unilaterally a contract with the supplier and demand compensation for damages resulting from termination of the contract; For late settlements on obligations, the company pays fines and penalties; The amounts of sanctions charged in indisputable manner are debited by the Bank from the current account of the enterprise.

In market conditions, the logistics of production is carried out mainly on the basis of free purchase and sale of material resources using the wholesale trade mechanism.

Wholesale trade is a way to sell products (goods) in large quantities (wholesale) to ensure industrial consumption or for the purpose of subsequent resale. Wholesale trade is organized by direct contracts between manufacturers and consumers, as well as under contracts with intermediaries. Advantages of it are as follows: the scheme of material and technical supply is simplified, instead of several links, only the "Consumer-Manufacturer" remains; For the consumer, it is possible to choose the best products at lower prices and most reliable suppliers; significantly reduced the timing of the order and resource obtaining; Optimizes the size and structure of stocks of inventory of commodity values; Enterprises are getting rid of supernormative resource reserves, which favorably affects their economic situation; You can get objective information about markets, products, competitors, pricing policies.

Material and technical support through the wholesale trade system has the following organizational forms:

direct contracts between producers and consumers. Used subject to regular stable consumption of resources in volumes corresponding to transit supply standards. Characteristic of production and technical purposes;

under contracts with intermediaries; Applies when a small amount of products is ordered, below transit supply standards;

through company stores of enterprises;

commission trade unnecessary for the enterprise with raw materials and materials through specially organized commission stores in the regions;

fair trade in wholesale fairs with the participation of interested enterprises.

Performing supply functions, the company interacts with numerous enterprises and organizations, which requires financial and legal support. Therefore, commercial activities include the work of the financial and legal service of the enterprise, as well as transport delivery services.

Supply and sales are carried out in the domestic and foreign markets. Work on the foreign market requires compliance with world standards, which establish a unified approach to contractual conditions regulating the relationship between product buyers and its suppliers.

Modern production consumes a large number of diverse types of material and technical resources. The introduction of automated management of material resources led to the creation of a scientifically based system of their classification and coding, on the basis of which a single product classifier has been developed. Its application facilitates the operational conclusion of contracts, control over the supply, reception of materials, their storage [East. 1, 194-198].

1.1 Essence and classification of logistical supply of the enterprise

The main task of the material and technical supply service is the timely and uninterrupted provision of the enterprise with raw materials and materials, components and related products, various means of production using an efficient and rational scheme of their purchases.

The service (department) of material and technical supply is an organizational and structural division of the enterprise, which includes supply to the enterprise of basic and auxiliary materials, fuel, purchased semi-finished products, tools and technological equipment, equipment, machine tools, devices and aggregates.

The focus of the logistics of the material and technical supply system includes the material and technical supply department and in its subordination supplied warehouses.

The characteristic types of material and technical supply services are: classification and indexation of materials, the rationing of costs and stocks of materials, determining the needs of the enterprise in the materials, the organization of warehousing and the workshops system of production by means of production.

The classification is based on the grouping of materials for the homogeneity of characteristic features, followed by the distribution to sections, subsections, types, etc. Each of the sections is assigned the corresponding index on the decimal system.

The classification is carried out in the form of tables in which each partition is assigned an individual classifier index, with reference to specifications, standards or certificates, indicating the price of the seller and purchase prices.

The seller's price represents the price of the supplier and is indicated by it when concluding an agreement-delivery. Acquisition price includes the price of the seller, as well as all the costs associated with the acquisition and delivery of materials - a margin of intermediary organizations, transport tariffs, the cost of delivering goods to the warehouses of enterprises and workshops [East. 2, 226-227].

1.2 Structure and functions of logistics in the enterprise

For the uninterrupted operation of production, well-established material and technical support (MTO) is needed, which in enterprises is carried out through the logistical supply authorities.

The main task of the company's supply authorities is the timely and optimal provision of the production of the necessary material resources of relevant completeness and quality.

Solving this task, employees of the supply authorities must study and take into account demand and proposal for all material resources consumed material resources, the level and change in prices for them and the services of mediation organizations, choose the most economical form of broadcasting, optimize reserves, reduce transport and warehouse costs.

1. Planning that suggests:

· Study of the external and internal environment of the enterprise, as well as the market for individual goods;

· Prediction and determination of the need for all types of material resources, planning optimal economic relations;

· Optimization of production reserves;

· Planning the needs of materials and establishing their limit on vacation to workshops;

· Operational planning of supply.

2. An organization that includes:

· Collection of information about the required products, participation in fairs, sales and sales, auctions, etc.

· Analysis of all sources of meeting the need for material resources in order to choose the most optimal;

· Conclusion with suppliers of economic contracts for the supply of products;

· Getting and organizing the importation of real resources;

· Organization of warehousing, which is part of the supply bodies;

· Providing workshops, sites, jobs with necessary material resources;

3. Control and coordination of work, which includes:

· Control over the implementation of contractual obligations of suppliers, the fulfillment of the distribution of products;

· Control over the expenditure of material resources in production;

· Input control over the quality and completeness of incoming material resources;

· Control of production reserves;

· Promotion of claims to suppliers and transport organizations;

· Analysis of the effectiveness of the supply service, the development of measures to coordinate with equipped activities and an increase in its effectiveness [East. 3, 256-257].

In the conditions of the market, enterprises arise the right to choose a supplier, which means that the right to procure more efficient material resources. This causes the company's equipped personnel carefully to study the quality characteristics of products made by various suppliers.

The criteria for choosing a supplier can be reliable delivery, the ability to choose a delivery method, time for ordering, the ability to provide a loan, level of service, etc. And the ratio of the significance of individual criteria over time may vary.

Organizational construction, nature and methods of work of supply services in enterprises are noted by uniqueness. Depending on the volumes, types and specialization of production, the material intensity of products and territorial placement of the enterprise there are various conditions requiring the appropriate distinction between the functions and choosing the type of structure of the supply bodies. In small enterprises that consume small volumes of material resources in a limited nomenclature, supply functions are assigned to small groups or individual employees of the enterprise.

On most medium and large enterprises, this function is performed by special logistics (OMTS) departments (OMTS), which are built on a functional or material trait. In the first case, each supply function (planning, blank, storage, material leave) is performed by a separate group of employees. When building supplied materials on the material basis, certain groups of employees perform all supply functions for a specific type of materials.

The characteristic type of supply service structure is mixed (Fig. 1), when commodity departments, groups, bureaus specialized in supplying specific types of raw materials, materials, equipment. However, along with commodities, the supply department includes functional units: planned, dispatching.

The mixed type of the structure of the supply department is the most rational method of the structure, which contributes to the increase in the responsibility of employees, the improvement of the MTO of production.

The planned bureau (group) performs functions on environmental analysis and market research, determining the need for material resources, optimizing market behavior on the most advantageous provision, formation of a regulatory framework, the development of supply plans and analyzing their implementation, control over the providers of contractual obligations.

The commodity bureau (group) performs a set of planning and operational functions to ensure the production of specific types of material resources: planning, accounting, browse, storage and release of material in production, i.e. Regulates the work of material warehouses.

The dispatching bureau (group) performs operational regulation and control over the implementation of the planning plan of the enterprise and workshops with raw materials and materials; eliminates problems arising during the supply of production; Controls and regulates the progress of materials for the enterprise [East. 3, 257-259].

In engineering enterprises, the supply service except the MTS department also includes the external cooperation department (or bureau, group), which may be part of the OMTS.

Departments (Bureau, Groups) of external cooperation provide preparation with semi-finished products (billets, parts, nodes). They can also be built according to a functional or trading basis.

For the implementation of technical re-equipment and reconstruction of production, the company creates equipment departments that are usually included in capital construction.

For large enterprises (associations), consisting of a number of branches, the type of structure presented in Figure is most appropriate. 2.

A feature of this type of structure is that the divisions have their own supply services with planning functions and operational regulation of production workshops and sections with material resources, as well as control over their execution.

The formation of a regulatory framework, forecasting and developing MTS plans, the establishment of economic relations and coordinating the work of the supply services included in the enterprise, are concentrated on the basis of the enterprise supply service. The interaction of the enterprise supply service units is carried out on the basis of functional relations, not administrative subordination.

One of the links of the MTS organization is a warehousing, the main task of which is to accept and storing materials, their preparation for production consumption, directly supplying workshops necessary material resources. Warehouses depending on the connection with the production process are divided into material, industrial, sales.

Accepted materials are stored in warehouses on nomenclature groups, varieties, sizes. Racks are numbered with the indication of the materials indexes.

Tore of materials and work of warehouses are organized on the basis of operational and procurement plans [East. 3, 259-260].

1.3 Organization of supply units (workshops and plots)

Ensuring workshops and production sites by material resources is the final stage of logistical support. The forms of organization of this process depends on the specific production conditions, features of the consumed materials, such as production and other factors. The rational organization is reduced to the definition of the needs of the workshops in the materials and the establishment of limits, the preparation of materials for production consumption, leave and deliver them to workplaces, controlling the expenditure of material resources.

The need for basic materials under mass and large-scale production conditions is calculated by the planned groups of the logistics department, in enterprises with small-seater and unit production - planning and production departments; According to subsidiary materials - consumer divisions [East. 1, pR.201-202].

Providing material resources of manufacturing workshops, sites and other enterprise units implies the following functions:

· Establishing quantitative and qualitative supplies (limiting);

· Preparation of material resources for industrial consumption;

· Vacation and delivery of material resources from the warehouse of the supply service in place of its direct consumption or to the shop of the workshop, site;

· Operational supply regulation;

· Accounting and control over the use of material resources in enterprise divisions [East. 3, p. 265].

Functional supply functions in the enterprise are performed by two departments: logistics and external cooperation. The first provides the supply of raw materials and materials, second - components and semi-finished products. Both departments are subject to the Deputy Director for Commercial Affairs. In their subordination there are warehouses of the public appointment. In the structure of enterprises supply services, commodity (material) departments, groups, bureaus specializing in the supply of production by certain types of resources prevail. In addition to commercial, the department has a planned and dispatching group. The first plans economic indicators and determines the efficiency of supplies, the second provides transport services [East. 1, 203].

In the organization of material and technical supply of the enterprise, the so-called limits play an important role, which are a kind of raw material consumption rate, material necessary and sufficient for the production of high-quality products. The limits for all types of raw materials and materials consumed at the enterprise are the relevant technical services of the enterprise in conjunction with the department of the main technologist and representatives of the logistics bodies.

The limit is always established taking into account the magnitude of the manufacturing program of the enterprise and the technical condition of production. Developed limits are reflected in the consolidated statement in accordance with the nomenclature of consumed materials and are approved by the management of the enterprise. By virtue of the said, this document acquires the status of the order, I will commit to the execution by all manufacturing services.

Based on the limits and norms of consumption of raw materials and materials at the enterprise, a system for providing shops and division of material and technical resources [East.2, 230] is organized. The calculation of the limit is carried out by the formula:

L \u003d P + RNZ.P + NZ - Oh,

where L is the limit of this product range; P is the need of workshop in materials for the implementation of the production program; RNZ.P - the need of a workshop in materials for changing work in progress (+ increase - decrease); H3 is the standard of the shop of this product; O - the estimated expected residue of this product in the workshop at the beginning of the planned period [East. 3, 266].

The limit must comply with the actual needs of the workshops in the materials, it is established on the basis of progressive costs of the flow rate, the size of the workshop reserves, to carry a strictly targeted nature [East. 2, 230].

Preparation of production consumption materials includes performing such operations such as drying, cutting, sorting, and others. Operations can be carried out in the procurement workshops of the enterprise or in wholesale trade enterprises. This makes it possible to more economically use materials, reduce waste, improve the use of production areas and equipment.

Materials leave can be carried out: according to one-time requirements - when issuing auxiliary materials and materials that go to repair and operational needs; on limit cards - when materials are consumed constantly during the planned period; According to the components of the Vedomosti - when, under the production conditions, the completion of materials and parts within the limits are required. Over-limit leave is made according to special requirements with the resolution of the deputy director for commercial issues.

Materials in the workshop can be covered in advance by the advanced schedule of transport workers of the supply department of the supply department using ring, pendulum and other delivery systems [East. 1, 202-203].

The established limit is fixed in the plan - card, limit card, limit or intricate statement, which are sent to the warehouse and the consumer shop.

Plan - Map is usually used in mass and large-scale production, i.e. In the context of stable need and clear regulation of production. It indicates the limit set by the workshop for each type of materials, the timeline and the amount of party feeding. In accordance with Plancarts, the warehouse has its vehicles delivery of materials to each workshop on time. Holidays are issued by acceptance overhead. In the form plan - cards are currently accounting for the execution of the supply plan.

The limit card is used in cases where the rigid regulation of supplies within a month for timing and volume is difficult (serial and individual production). The limit card indicates the monthly need for material, the value of the stock and the monthly flow limit.

In cases of the emergence of the need to make decisions to change the limit of the supply service, a one-time requirement or a replacement requirement, which is coordinated with the technical service and is signed by a responsible person (chief engineer, chief designer, main mechanic, etc.).

The limit statement includes a group of homogeneous materials or all materials obtained from this warehouse.

The intricate statements (cards) are entered when limiting the consumption of auxiliary materials, usually in cases where the need for them is uneven and there are no sufficiently accurate rate of consumption. The vacation of materials on intake maps (Vedomostas) is governed by pre-established deadlines (usually once a month or quarter). In the intake map indicate the amount of material that can consume the workshop and the timing of it.

The supply service is responsible for timely and qualitative preparation of material resources to production consumption, for which performing work on unpacking, decomposition, complete set, which is coordinated with the technological service of the enterprise [East. 3, 267].

In practice, the following workshops are found: on the basis of the standard - plan and applications. The first scheme has been distributed in mass and large-scale production, and the second - on the basis of applications - in serial and single.

Since the mass and approaching to it in its technical and economic indicators of large-scale production is characterized by a steady production process, the nomenclature of manufactured products and the nomenclature of consumed materials, the provision-based system based on the plan is active. For a system for ensuring a small-seater, single, and even more so individual production is characterized by passive character. This is due to the peculiarities of the organization of production and the nomenclature of consumed materials. With such an organization of logistics, the workshop receive materials, filling the limit - intricate maps or one-time invoices and, as a rule, deliver them to shop storerooms.

With the active system of ensuring, the delivery of materials in the shop is carried out by the factory transportation service for the developed schedule, which creates the opportunity to significantly reduce the cost of maintaining the branched network of factory logistics through direct, bypassing factory warehouses, supplies of materials on workplaces. At the same time, another method of organizing the logistics system of workshops is possible. It is that the duty of material and technological warehouses is among the organization of storage and accounting of inventory-material values \u200b\u200balso prepare them for launch into the production process. This, of course, leads to an increase in the cost of the content of warehousing through the creation of areas by preliminary preparation of materials and raw materials. The choice of one or another system, such as the nature of the material and technical support depends on the specifics of the operation of production, its organizational-production type and location of [East. 2, p. 231].

In large enterprises, the supply departments are built mainly by functional sign. In this case, the department's divisions are engaged in issues of logistics in all types of resources necessary for the functioning of the enterprise. The number of employees of the supply departments depends on the following factors: the volume of production, industry affiliation of the enterprise, the state of transport service. In its activities, the supply service is actively interacting with the financial department, accounting, planned and economic, technical and manufacturing departments [East. 1, p. 203].

2. Organization and management of material resources

2.1 Rationing of consumption of materials

The classification of materials serves as a starting point for normalizing the consumption of materials for each position of the nomenclature. In turn, the rate of consumption of materials lay the foundation for determining the need for materials on the manufacture of a unit of products, followed by the preparation of the planning plan of the enterprise, calculating the cost of products, the development of the strategy for the economical use of material resources.

Under the rate of consumption of material, it is necessary to understand the sufficient and necessary amount for the manufacture of a unit of products. In other words, the rate of consumption of material is a certain measure of costs, which reflects the situation that has not developed in the production of products, but gives a reference point, gives a focused nature in improving production, technology, technology, type, type of products. In the practice of standardizing the consumption of materials, the following methods of establishing norms were applied: settlement and graph-analytical. The estimated method is based on the equalization of the consumption of materials according to the drawings and in general on technological documentation; The graph analytical method is to compare the actual expenses of materials and these protocols reflecting the amount of material consumed in the manufacture of prototypes with subsequent graphical representation and analysis using special electronic programs [East. 2, 227].

In modern practice, the substantiation of the material and technical support plan in the rationing of material resources uses calculated and analytical, experienced and statistical methods. The most progressive is calculated and analytical. It is based on the use of advanced technical and economic documentation - drawings, technical maps, plan of organizational and technical measures. An experienced method implies the establishment of norms based on measurement data, experience in laboratory and production conditions. With a statistical method, the consumption rate is determined on the basis of the average data on the expenditure of materials over the past period.

The norms of consumption of material resources are developed, as a rule, in enterprises in a specialized and enlarged assortment. Responsibility for them is assigned to the main engineers and main technologists. During the rationing, the structure of the norm is the composition and the ratio of individual elements. Most of the NR consumption standards include: useful consumption of materials (pure weight of the product) RP; inevitable technological waste (chips, avgar) sweat; Losses due to violation of production and storage technology P:

HP \u003d RP + EXT + P

Consumption rates are differentiated: at the action period - for annual and promising; According to the degree of detailing the nomenclature of material resources - to consolidated and specified; On the scale of action - on the individual and group [East. 1, 198].

Developing the norms of consumption of materials, not only the so-called useful consumption of the material should be taken into account, but also non-refundable losses and non-regional waste due to imperfection of technology, organizational reasons, low qualifications of working.

The quality of the established norms can be estimated by the following indicators: the proportion of production waste by comparing the mass of the product before processing and after, the use of the material in the part and the product as a whole, the percentage of suitable products.

The developed standards of consumption of materials are recorded in special documents on the consumption of materials: in the maps of payroll consumption of materials, in the cutting maps of materials and in the Vedomosti summary rate of consumption of materials on the product. In addition to these documents, the form of notifications of the change in the norms of consumption of materials and the rules for their introduction to the technological process are developed. 2, 227-228].

2.2 Rationing of materials of materials

Based on the cost of the flow rate, the norms of production reserves are established, which are needed to ensure the continuity and rhythm of production. Reserves are determined for each type of material resources in a natural (mass, number), relative (in days) and monetary terms [East. 1, 199].

The value of the reserve should provide a sustainable enterprise, stable operation for a certain time and at the same time not to have a tangible effect on the turnover of the working capital invested in them.

Under the rate of materials, their minimum amount needed to ensure the current need for production with the established scheme of the importation of materials, the mode of their spending and launch in production [EAST. 2, 228].

Stocks are divided into current, preparatory and warranty (insurance).

The variable part of the entire stock of materials in the enterprise is the current stock of Tz, which varies from the maximum size at the time of the importation of the materials almost to zero, when the entire party will be spent and in line with a new supply. The magnitude of the current stock depends on the two indicators: the average daily consumption of materials and the frequency of the importation of materials. When normalizing the current stock, its maximum Zmax and the average ZSR sizes are calculated:

Smax \u003d mdn * t,

where MDN is the average daily consumption of material resources of this type; T - time between two next deliveries, days;

ZSR \u003d Zmax / 2.

The preparatory supply of the SP is needed to ensure warehouse processing and preparation for the production of materials, raw materials entering the enterprise. It takes into account the time for unloading, accepting, sorting, storage, design of warehouse documents. The preparatory reserve rate takes into account, as a rule, in the amount of day demand in material resources [East. 1, 199].

Warranty (insurance) reserve performs a different task. It is designed to maintain the production rhythm in the parameters given in the event of interruptions in the supply of materials or with an increase in the volume of products. The insurance stock depends on the two magnitudes of the average daily consumption of materials and the duration of restoring the current stock [East. 2, 228]. Warranty stock is defined as

ZG \u003d MDN * TMAX,

where TMAX is the maximum deviation from the contractual delivery time, days.

The total stock of the materials of the goiter will be:

Goiter \u003d ZT + ZP + ZG [East. 1, 199].

Thus, the material and technical supply, performing the function of providing the enterprise by production resources, contributes not only to the rational organization of technological processes, but also in economical, maternity management [East. 2, 228].

Foreign experience shows that many well-known firms do not create inventory of logistical resources using such supply systems as "production from wheels" and "exactly in time". These systems provide for the supply of materials and components in the desired quantity to the specified point of their consumption, in a pre-regulated period. The use of the system "exactly in time" in the aggregate with the Canban system allowed the Japanese company "Toyat" to achieve the turnover coefficient of material and technical reserves 87, that is, the duration of one turn is only 4 days. This ensures the unconditional rhythm of production. The success of foreign systems is explained by the high discipline of the implementation of contracts, using rigid penalties in cases of their non-compliance [East. 1, 199-200].

2.3 Managing material resources

Timely provision of manufacturing material resources depends on the magnitude and completeness of production reserves in the enterprise warehouses.

Production reserves are the means of production entered by the warehouses of the enterprise, but not yet involved in the production process. The creation of such reserves allows us to make a vacation of materials in the cereals and on jobs in accordance with the requirements of the technological process. It should be noted that a significant amount of material resources is distracted to create reserves.

Reducing reserves reduces costs for their content, reduces costs, accelerates turnover turnover, which ultimately increases profit profit and profitability. Therefore, it is very important to optimize the amount of stocks.

Managing production reserves The company involves the following functions:

· Development of stocks over the entire nomenclature of materials consumed by the enterprise;

· Proper placement of stocks in the warehouses of the enterprise;

· Organization of effective operational control over the level of stocks and the adoption of the necessary measures to maintain their normal state;

· Creation of the necessary material base for the placement of reserves and ensure the quantitative and qualitative conservation of [East. 3, 269].

Supplied activity is intertwined with other activities of the enterprise. The most significant of its relationship with marketing, production planning and financial service. Often the objectives of these services may not coincide with the objectives of the rational organization of the cumulative material flow passing through the enterprise. In this regard, it is advisable to allocate a special logistics service that would control the material flow, ranging from the formation of contractual relations with the supplier and ending with the delivery of the buyer of finished products.

Under logistics, usually understand the direction of economic activity, which is to manage material flows in the field of production and circulation.

Logistics - Science on planning, control and management of transportation, storage and other material and intangible operations performed in the process of bringing raw materials and materials to a manufacturing enterprise, intra-water processing of raw materials, materials and semi-finished products, bringing finished products to the consumer in accordance with the interests and requirements of the latter , as well as transmission, storage and processing of relevant information.

Thus, the logical approach to the management of material flows involves the allocation of a special logistics service based on the integration of individual links of the material conducting chain into a single system - a logistics system that can adequately react to the perturbation of the external environment.

The purpose of the logistics system is the delivery of materials, products and goods in a specified place, in the right amount and assortment, to the maximum possible extent prepared for production or personal consumption at a given level of costs. Logistics activities are diverse.

The following elements of the logistics system are distinguished:

Purchase - subsystem, which ensures the flow of material flow into the logistics system;

Warehouses - buildings, facilities, storage devices for material reserves;

Stocks - stocks of materials that allow the logistics system to respond quickly to change in demand;

Production service - subsystem engaged in the maintenance of the production process;

Transportation - material and technical base and infrastructure with which cargo transportation is carried out;

Information - subsystem providing communication and coordination of all elements of the logistics system;

Frames - personnel employed by logistics operations;

Sales - subsystem that ensures the disposal of the material flow from the logistics system.

Initially, the means of production are purchased, which in the form of material flow enter the logistics system, are processed, stored and then leave the logistics system into consumption in exchange for financial resources applicants.

The material flow is formed as a result of a combination of certain actions with material objects. These actions are called logistics operations [East. 3, 271-272].

Conclusion:

In this course, this stage of the product life cycle is considered as material and technical support. Themes were disclosed

1) on the essence and classification of MTO;

2) on the structure and functions of the MTO;

3) on the normalization and management of material resources.

Employees of supply authorities lie down a difficult task of studying the demand and suggestions for all material resources consumed by the enterprise, levels and changes in prices for them and the services of mediation organizations; Choose the most economical form of allocation, optimize reserves, reduce transport and warehouse costs.

For optimal and economical work, the supply service staff has created norms on consumption and stock of material resources. Also, for the successful implementation of its functions, the MTO service uses a logistics approach that serves to deliver materials, products and goods to a specified location in the desired amount and assortment.

The manager participating in the MTO process should own information on the specific resources and the concluded economic contracts for the supply of products.

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Persons having a superficial concept about the structure of the armed forces, the army seems to be a trivial set of military personnel distributed by the birth of troops. In fact, it is a separate institution that is functioning in different modes, depending on the foreign policy situation. Often by attracting the armed forces, the internal affairs of state importance is solved. To ensure such uninterrupted functioning, a service is necessary, which would be involved in the state of the material and technical base, not only in the military, but also in peacetime.

The logistics service (MTO), being an integral part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, organizes regulation of receipts and expenditures of funds necessary to maintain the constant combat readiness of all divisions.

You can classify the tasks that solve materially technical support of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, breaking them on the principle of homogeneity:

Planning budget expenditures for the implementation of the state defense, the work of government programs and other targets.
Monitoring the equipment of all units with weapons, equipment, technician, material from a material nature.
Control over compliance with the norms of satisfaction for soldiers, as well as the organization of product supplies.
The decision of legal issues regarding the supply of funds.
Ensuring your own services.
Preparation of internal personnel reserves for the operation of the MTO service.

MTO service composition

The prototype of the modern material and technical support service is the intenshest administrative management formed by Peter I carried out. The modern structure is represented by a number of departments and offices that cover all types of activity in the armed forces.

At the headquarters of the MTO of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is entrusted with organizational and managerial function. Its responsibilities include ensuring mobilization preparation, the willingness of the rear, the collection of operational information in the rear, the rear provision of troops, the solution of issues of protection and defense of the rear. The MTO also includes the Department of Transport Support, the management of railway troops, utilities management, the Department of Food Property and Metrology Department.

For the listed departments, some types of troops are enshrined, ensuring the execution of planned and unscheduled tasks of the Armed Forces. Car troops are presented in the form of independent units dealing with transportation issues, it may be the delivery of building materials, transportation of military personnel, evacuation, the transportation of the wounded. In the Russian army, brigade, shelves and battle forces are formed, submitted directly to the head of the Department of Transport Support.

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The transport link would not exist in full, if it were not for the activities of the road troops. The task includes construction, maintenance, cover and restoration of military roads. Some tasks of road transport also in their competence. The structure of the troops is quite complicated, as they include different parts, but they are subject to all the head of road management under the Ministry of Defense.

Railway troops provide construction or restoration work of railway tracks, their technical cover and operation. Few people know about the existence of pipeline troops. These units implement the transportation of fuel and lubricants on storage warehouses, when pumping or for delivery in a part. In their department there is not only personal composition, but also the corresponding construction equipment. The total length of all branches of the pipeline is 2000 kilometers.

A broad service is allocated as a separate MTO service, which is engaged in the norm of personal personal property of the military personnel. It produces repair, dry cleaning, buy washing and hygiene products, bath services are organized for soldiers. In the Russian army there are parts in which its own economy is not conducted. In this case, they consist of satisfaction in other, larger parts.

Food service, as an integral part of the MTO, provides a personnel nutrition. For this, food supply is organized in part, product rationing, control. This service is technically equipped, because the delivery must be carried out in all army parts.

The Supplement Supplement Service includes unions involved in rocket fuel, lubricants, special liquids, fuel. This also includes storage spaces, bases, pipelines.

The support of the combat capability of the army will be full only with due medical care, which implements the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The functionality of the medical service includes not only assistance, but also carrying out preventive measures. Subordinates the main medical department of MO.

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Priority tasks

Considering the presented structure, as well as grouped tasks, we present specific examples explaining for which it is necessary to contain such a complex education as the material and technical equipment service. To do this, it is enough to recall, with which the army is faced into the rear, which works have to be carried out to maintain the combat capability of units and the organization of the life of military personnel.