There is one truly paradise place. This is a small, but an amazing country called Qatar. The standard of living here is very high. Tourists can visit beautiful and unique places. Impressions that will be very much after visiting the sights of the country, enough for many years.

Where is the state of Qatar?

On the northeast outskirts of Arabia, there is a small country of Qatar on the small eponymous peninsula. The state is the monarchy of the Islamic world - by the Emirate. On the mainland, it is adjacent to Saudi Arabia, and the rest of the state has access to the capital of Qatar - Doha. Where is the city? Qatar, like his capital, is located in the Middle East. The terrain here is predominantly deserted. Naturally, such a geographical position directly affects many factors, such as climate, flora, fauna, etc.

Briefly about the state and its history

Despite the small area of \u200b\u200bQatar (11,500 square meters), the state is considered the richest such benefits of Qatar receives thanks to the largest reserves of oil and gas. Emirate is a member of the organization of gas and oil exporters.

The history of Emirates Qatar begins back in the period before our era. Records of people who lived in these territories were still left Herodotus and Pole. The state of the peninsula becomes in the 7th century AD, when Islam comes to this territory. Of course, this was influenced by the way Qatar, and to be more accurate, neighboring states.

The formation of Islam occurs under the influence of a neighbor for a long time Qatar was in the Ottoman Empire. After her decay, the state was the UK protecto. In 1971, the country received independence and became officially called the state of Qatar.

Relief

In order to properly describe the relief of this area, it is necessary to pay attention to where Qatar is. In physical and geographical characteristics, its entire territory is a desert. Only in the north is the occasionally a flat area and a few oases appear. The southern region is a little raised and presented with high sandy hills.

Climate

The climate of these places also directly depends on where Qatar is. It is tropical, continental type and very dry. The winter in these territories does not happen, and in the summer the temperature may rise to 50 ° C with the "plus" sign. The average temperatures of January reach + 16 ° C, July - + 32 ° C. In this regard, the vegetable and animal world of the country is very scooped. Basically here we live reptiles, rodents.

Inland waters

Of course, if you understand where Qatar is, it becomes immediately clear that there are practical rivers on the peninsula. There are such watercourses that dry up in the summer. However, residents of the country have learned how to produce drinking water by desalination sea. There are underground sources in oases, but they lack them to the whole country. Thanks to them, only the northern regions are provided.

Governing body

According to the state device, Qatar is however, in the Islamic world, this word is meant something else. The fact is that the emirate is the monarchy of an unetebled type. That is, all power (executive, legislative, judicial and military) may not necessarily move by inheritance. Because of the state device in Qatar, it is forbidden to create political parties or trade unions, as well as to conduct different kinds of political demonstrations. For advice on diplomatic and state affairs in the country there is a consultative council. It includes 35 people.

Administrative division and population

Qatar consists of 7 regions - municipalities. The population is 1,900,000 people. More than 90% of the population lives in the capital of Doha and suburbs of the capital. According to the national composition, about 40% of the population is Arabs (this is also clear if you consider where Qatar is located), 18% falls on Pakistanis and Indians, 10% are Iranians and 14% - representatives of other nationalities. About 80% of the population - Muslims, 9% confess Christianity. Other religions are also common.

Economy

The state economy is mainly focused on oil and gas production. 85% of the mined gas and petroleum products are exported, the country's replenishment budget by 70%.
Many industries are developed in the country. 25% accounted for the sphere of service, but agriculture in the country does not develop at all. Only some of the northern regions, thanks to the near-neighborhood with oases, have the opportunity to engage in gardening and the cultivation of date palm trees. From animal husbandry, nomadic tribes are engaged in a divorce of goats, sheep and camels.

Qatar is developing in the military sphere. Officially, he cooperates with the United States in this regard since 1992. One of the major foreign centers of the United States army is deployed here.

The number of Qatar Armed Forces is more than 12 thousand people. Of these, 8.5 thousand are land, air forces - 2.1 thousand, marine infantry - 1.8 thousand.

Terrorism

The Republic of Qatar (where the state is, described above) was repeatedly accused of interaction with various planets. The reason for this has given the presence of the popular television channel Al-Jazeera in Doha. There were speeches and messages of famous terrorists, for example, Osama Bin Laden.

Tourism

In terms of tourism, the state is also gradually developing. The people say that Qatar is 10 years ago. Holidays on the ocean shore greatly combined with shopping and diving in the Persian Gulf.

State Qatar دولة قطر ... Wikipedia

State of Qatar, in South Zap. Asia, on the ovatar, is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. According to Arab, historians, the state of the city of Calar, they were called in the village of Cadar, existing in antiquity on this n oops. Geographical names of the world ... Geographic Encyclopedia

Qatar, the state of Qatar, the state in Western Asia, on the Peninsula Qatar (the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula), washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. On Yu borders with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Until September 1 ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Qatar (state) - Qatar (Qatar State), in South West Asia, on the Peninsula Qatar is washed by the Persian Bay. Area 11 thousand km2. The population is 521 thousand people, mostly Qatar (Arabs Qatar). Official language Arabic. State religion Islam. ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

The state of Qatar, the state in southwestern Asia, on the ovatar. 11 thousand km & sup2. Population ok. 521 thousand people (1993). Urban population of St. 90% (1990), mostly Arabs. Official language Arabic. State religion Islam. Capital ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

QATAR - The state of Qatar State on the Qatar Peninsula, outstanding to the Persian bay from the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula. In the south, it borders with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, but the boundaries are not familiar. Area ... ... cities and countries

The state of Qatar is located in South West Asia. It is located on the peninsular part of Arabian P Oova, stretching from him to the north and deep into the Persian bay. Area of \u200b\u200bthe country is 11.4 thousand square meters. km. Qatar has a land border with ... ... Encyclopedia Color

QATAR - (State of Qatar) State in Asia, in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. Until 1971 Protectorate of Great Britain. In 1968, Qatar, Bahrain and 7 of the Principality of Oman created the Federation of Arab Principles, but on September 3, 1971, the Principality of Qatar ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Constitutional Law

QATAR - Qatar, state of Qatar, in South Zap. Asia, on P. Qatar, on V. Arabian P Oova. Pl. 11 t. Km2. Us. 270 m. (1982). Capital of Doha (OK 200 t., 1982). Prior to the declaration of independence in 1971 K. Protectorate of Great Britain, the basis of the economy ... ... Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary

Qatar - State of Qatar, in South Zap. Asia, on the ovatar, is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. According to Arab, historians, the state in and on O. Catar was called in the village of Cadar, existing in antiquity on this n o ... Toponymic Dictionary

Decided unforgettable vacation in hot countries? But do not know. Or maybe you wish to just take a break from a cloudy and gray city?

Or spend time with your family in a cozy, warm, family circle on the Persian coast coast? All your unfulfilled desires can carry out such a place as Qatar!

Qatar is an excellent choice for rest. This country is a small peninsular state located on the Qatar Peninsula, washed from three sides by the Persian Bay. In turn, the Persian bay falls into the Arabian Sea. This small state lures you not only by the exoticness of its places, but also rich and ancient history.

The story of Qatar has about 1500 years, but this is not the limit - there are monuments of antiquity of an earlier period, for example, Muravad fortress. Qatar is one of the richest countries in the world in the reserves of minerals. You just imagine about 100 thousand dollars per capita. It is connected with a small territory and large deposits of oil and natural gas. Catar culture is based on respect and maintaining its traditions and customs. The culture itself is multifaceted. Doha's city consider the pearl of Qatar, as he is the largest city.

Climatic features

How to plan the perfect vacation in Qatar

Pre-planned rest in Qatar - the first step towards a successful rest.

The first step will be the choice of a flight method. The flight can be performed using Qatarairways. Flights are carried out in all weekdays. You can also use Emiratesairways Airlines, but you have to make a transplant in Dubai.

On Qatar, it is full of places where you can go to relax and enjoy your vacation:

• State Museum of Qatar,
• Ethnographic Museum of Qatar,
• for children - amusement park, zoo.

You can also go on an excursion to Umm-Salal-Mohammed. We offer to tourists offered safaris. Unlike safaris in the United Arab Emirates, Safari in Qatar - more difficult and exciting. Some tourists say it looks like all the well-known slides in America.

There are also safaris on jeeps in the desert. During the passage of the Safari, you will visit the Bedouin Camps in Al-Ruquis, Dukkhan, Umm Sida and Al-Zubar. In winter, when the weather is not so hot, races are held on camels. This entertainment is a favorite fun of the locals. Also, but less often, falcon hunting is held.

Sights of Qatar

As already mentioned, because of his climatic features, Qatar is not rich in its historical and natural monuments. But it is not necessary to make preliminary conclusions, Qatar is rich in its history. In recent years, the Qatar government has allocated funds for archaeological searches for ancient civilizations living in the country. And these costs give their fruits - the number of found relics increases every day.

Doha is diverse in terms of houses built in the city with notes of Arab style, which has been improved in centuries to adapt to climatic features. Official attractions are the so-called "Old Town" as well as:

• doha Fortress,
• government building
• archaeological complex City Centr-Doha,
• embankment Kornish.

Interesting places for young travelers will be an amusement park by Alladin-Kingdom, aquarium, Doha Zoo. Do not pass by the ethnographic museum of Qatar. The museum is located in a restored house, which was found during the construction of a shopping center. The museum will show you the life of the indigenous population. There is another museum on the territory of the Daha Fortress. Crafts are presented in it, and the thread and the chasing of gold coins are also demonstrated.

What places worth visiting and see in Qatar

This is probably the most important question in the journey. Qatar is rich in its picturesque landscapes and wonderful in places.

Be sure to visit the Fort Umm-Salal Mohammed. This complex is located 30 km from Doha. Handing to the fort, you learn from the distinctive features - this is a white building with two tons and a small temple. Not so long ago, he was renovated before his virgin state. Ask what is so interesting there?

Being there, you will feel that you are in the parallel world, as if the fort is built in another dimension. This effect is achieved by an unusual combination of the blue sea, the sultry desert and the snow-white walls of the fort. Also, do not miss the opportunity to visit the archaeological complex Umm-Salal-Ali. It is 40 km from the capital of Qatar. There are archaeological places dating from the third millennium to our era. These places are mounds and mounds. Some romantic tourists suggest that these are the graves of mysterious Aryan tribes, and some even say that these are the graves of the ancient Atlanta who lived in Atlantis.

Traveling in Qatar, remember the following rules that the people of Qatar strictly observe:

• In public places, women should not walk in too open clothing - mini skirt, and men are also not worth walking in shorts and shirts.
• Acting alcohol products on the street is strictly forbidden - illegally and punishable by a fine or in general in custody.
• Alcohol prices are high, and alcohol will not be delivered to the country, like weapons, drugs.
• When shooting, it is also not worth leaving the camera on the clergy, to shoot men and women without their knowledge. Sometimes the police can take away the camera.
• Do not swim in the reservoirs, because because of the deplorable state with water, the people relate to the water.
• Because of the climatic features, it is not worth being in an open place under the sun, there is a high probability of getting a sunshine.
• All beaches are equipped for recreation. With transport on Qatar for visitors, everything is perfect. Well-equipped buses, diligent drivers and low pass prices - this is what is characterized by transport in Qatar. Taxi services are available - they can be used at any time of the day: both the day and at night. Taxi cars are easily recognized by distinguishing features - orange-white coloring.

Katar kitchen

National cuisine of Qatar is not known to anyone. For many centuries, the local population, being in the conditions of lack of food, used poor recipes that are not distinguished by some kind of exoticism, they were ascetic.

The basis of all dishes were three products - dates, camel milk and oil from this milk. It's too bad with meat, now you can only try dishes from Bedouins in the desert. In all restaurants kitchen close to European, as it is more "rich."

National dishes that are preparing in restaurants: Hummaus, Shish-Kebab, Mutabbal. The meat and various types of fish on a spit are also roasted. Despite the proximity to the sea, the fish is not a major dish on the canadians. Funeral drink are coffee "in Beduenski" - weak coffee with an abundance of sugar.

But recently, the traditional Arabic strong coffee has become popular - strong without sugar, but with the addition of a small amount of herbal bones. Alcohol in Qatarovskaya cuisine does not occupy a prominent niche, as it is not a favorite drink from the katarians. The Qatarians themselves use alcohol in very small quantities.

National Holidays Qatar

The main national holiday in Qatar is the National Day of Qatar. On this day, independence is noted. On December 18, Qatar became an independent state. On this day, 1878 the state was founded.

Al-Khalifa soldiers began military operations against local rebels. They attacked al-Vakru's city from the sea. But these military actions were illegal, as the conditions of the Anglo-Bahrain Agreement were violated from 1820. England, as the Protector of the sovereignty of Qatar, immediately began to act, the result of this act was the creation of the Qatari state. Many nationalists call this event in the first Qatari war. After a quarter of a century, in March 1893, Arabic Sheikh Jasim Bene Muhammad At-Tanya won the battle against the Turks. As a result of this event, an agreement was signed, which became the basis for the emergence of the Qatar state, as a separate country. Well, and accordingly, this is called the second Qatari war.

Traditions and customs of Qatar

Many things on Qatar depend on the customs and traditions of this country. Therefore, tourists should adhere to special rules. But, despite the rigor of the rules, they are less cruel than in neighboring countries. For example, there are no restrictions on women to manage a car or participation in social activities.

If you are a guest in one of the Qatari families, when you enter the house, you need to walk and listen to the owner of the house. Reception of food passes on the floor, not at the table, and without chairs. The treats are not very rich - tea, fruit, coffee, but an empty cup will always fill. It is impossible to refuse him. As part of courtesy, you can drink from one to three cups of coffee.

I am not allowed to put my husband with your left hand. Guests impose food in the order of seniority. As in ordinary families - no need to interrupt the older, it is necessary to help the owner or the guest. If you communicate with the katar, do not talk about personal life, discuss women and local laws. It is also not worth mentioning religion. It is not necessary to be annoying, to impose your problems with other people - the abstinence is welcome.

No need to criticize the monarch of the country or his family - the Qataris is true to him. They may think that you are unhappy with them, and perceive you very hostile.

Peninsula Qatar is a flat plain. A low limestone plateau rises in the center, weakly dissected temporary watercourses - Wadi, hollow down in the east direction and the forming cliff coast in the extreme northeast. Along the west coast stretches the strip of sand hills that reach a height of 40 m. Along the south-east coast, a chain of closed patterns with flat saline bottoms (secca) stretched. In the north, sandy deserts with moving vegans are dominated, in the central part - the rocky deserts with Solonchaki stains, in the south, hilly relief is made by eoliac sands. The highest point of Aba-El Baul (105 m above U.m.) is located in the south-east of the country. Bordered by the peninsula coral reefs and coral islands.

In the depths of Qatar and the adjacent shelf, large oil reserves (900 million tons) and natural gas (20 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of world resources) are explored. In addition, the deposits of phosphates, sulfur, asbestos, plaster and manganese ore were found.

Climate subtropical arid. Summer is very roast (the average temperature of the warmest month, July, 35 ° C) with frequent dust and sandy storms. Winter warm (average temperature of the coldest month, January, 22 ° C). The average annual precipitation falling out from November to May (with a maximum in February), ranges from 55 mm in the south to 125 mm in the north. Characterized with dry northern winds, carrying the masses of sand from the Arabian deserts.

Water, both drinking and irrigation, is taken from artesian wells or wells. However, most of the fresh water is made from sea water by its desalination. In the northern regions where the groundwater is suitable close to the surface or go to it, small soils suitable for agriculture have been formed.

Almost all the territory of Qatar is a fruitless desert. Only in the period of winter rains there is a rarefaceous shelter of harside herbs and blooming leaves and flowers on xerophilic shrubs and shrubs. For the wilderness of the Qatar, the Camel of Kolyuk, Kermek, Astragal, Acacia, Grebenchik (Tamarix). In places in a shameless groundwater occurrence of groundwater, oases are common.

Animal world is poor. Prevailing (Varana, Agamas, snakes, roundheads, gecko) and rodents prevail (Varana, Hacon) and rodents (gerbils, tushkans). There are sacking, foxes, hyenas, very rare gazelles. Among the birds are distinguished by such large predators like Orlans, the cores, a lot of sparrows, on the coast there are marine seagulls, flamingos, herons, geese. Characteristic as scorpions, phalanges, spiders are characteristic. Many animals due to heat lead a nightlife or show activity only in the morning. In the waters of the Persian bay, more than 70 types of fishing fish are found, crustaceans (including shrimp), mollusks (including pearls), sponges. There are marine turtles.

Population.

The population in the past half century increased by rapid pace, mainly due to the influx of immigrants to work in the oil and oil refining industry. Thus, in 1949 there were 20 thousand people in the country, for July 2004 the number of residents was estimated, 840,290 people, of which about half lived in the capital of Doha.

In 2009, 427 thousand people lived in the capital.

The population in July 2013 was estimated at 2 million 042 thousand 444 people. Of these, 96% live in cities.

The age structure of the population: up to 15 years - 12.5%, from 15 to 65 years - 86.7%, over 65 years - 0.8%. Middle age - 31.4 years.

Birth rate is estimated at 10.8 per 1000 population, mortality - 1.54 per 1000, immigration - 33.3 per 1000, population growth - 4.19%. Infant mortality - 6.6 per 1000.

Average long life - 78.24 years.

The population - Arabs (40%), lives a large number of immigrants from Pakistan (18%), India (18%) and Iran (10%). The official language of Arabic, English is widespread. State religion - Islam. He is confessed ok. 95% of the population. Most Qatarians are followers of the Sunni destination in Islam; Iranians - Shiites.

Education in Qatar at all levels is free. It is estimated that 83% of the population over 15 years can read and write. There are public and private primary and secondary schools. In Doha since 1973, there is a university currently involving 7 colleges. Training boys and girls separate. Many katarians receive higher education abroad, mainly in the United States.

State device.

Qatar is a traditional hereditary monarchy headed by an emir from the Al Tanya dynasty. On September 1, 1971 became an independent state and on April 19, 1972 a temporary constitution was introduced in the country. In July 1999, Emir ordered to form a committee who was called upon to develop a constant constitution, and on April 29, 2003 it was approved on a referendum.

Head of State - Eir. From June 27, 1995, the throne occupies Emir Hamad Ben Khalifa Al Tanya. He also occupies the post of commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the Minister of Defense. The Council of Ministers is appointed by the monarch. Most government members belong to the ruling family. In 1996, the Prime Minister was appointed Brother Emir - Abdallah Ben Khalif Al Tanya.

There is a unicameral advisory board (Majlis El-Shura), established in 1972. Its 35 members were not elected. The new Constitution provides that from 45 members of the Council, two thirds should be elected by universal voting, and one third is appointed by Emir. The function of the Council includes issues of foreign and domestic policy of the country, making appropriate recommendations for consideration by Emir and Government.

The judicial system consists of the Court of Appeal, Civil and Sharia Courts.

In administrative terms, Qatar is divided into 10 municipal districts (Baladiya).

The activities of political parties in the country is prohibited.

Armed forces consist of land, naval and air force. Military spending in 2000 amounted to $ 723 million (10% of GDP).

Qatar is a member of the UN and its specialized organizations, the League of Arab States, the Council of Cooperation of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf, the Organization of Oil Exporters (OPEC) and the Organization of the Islamic Conference. Supports diplomatic relations with the Russian Federation (established from the USSR in 1988). In 2001, Qatar allowed his many years of border disputes with Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.

Economy.

Traditional catatsev classes are pearl mining, fisheries, breeding of camels and sheep, partly agriculture. Currently, less than 10% of labor resources are busy in all these industries. The foundation of the economy of Qatar is the production of oil and gas. This industry provides more than 55% of GDP, OK. 85% of export revenues and 70% of government revenues. Profit from the oil and gas industry allowed Qatar to become a rich country with a modern, well-developed economic infrastructure and a per capita income level, almost not inferior to Western European. Detected oil reserves are estimated at 14.5 billion barrels, and natural gas - 17.9 trillion cubic meters. m. (third largest gas reserves in the world).

According to 2003, Katar's GDP amounted to 17.54 billion US dollars, which corresponds to $ 21.5 thousand per capita. The structure of GDP for 2002: Industry - 64.7%, services - 34.9%, Agriculture - 0.4%. In 2003, GDP grew by 8.5%. The level of inflation in 2003 was 2%. Unemployment in 2001 was 2.7% of the workforce.

In 2012, the economic situation in the country looked as follows:
GDP (by purchasing power parity): 189 billion US dollars; GDP (official rate) - $ 184.6 billion; Real GDP growth rate - 6.3%.

GDP per capita in 2012 amounted to $ 102,800.

GDP structure: Agriculture takes 0.1%; Industry - 77.8%; SERVICES - 22.1%.
The economically active population in 2012 amounted to 1.43 million people. The unemployment rate is 0.5%.

Control over oil and gas production from the 1970s belongs to the state. Oil refining is also established, two refineries are functioning in UMM-Said. Industries are developing - fertilizer production, metallurgical, cement, petrochemical, chemical and flourish industry. A large steel-smelting complex in Umm-Said works on imported raw materials. As Qatar is experiencing a shortage of fresh water, almost all needs in it are covered by the desalination of seawater on an industrial scale, and the desalination plants operate due to the energy derived from the burning of natural gas. In Qatar, 9.3 billion kWhch electricity is produced annually during consumption of 8.6 billion. Most of industrial enterprises and services belong to the state.

Agriculture is weakly developed. Includes nomadic cattle breeding and foci of agriculture and gardening in oases. Grow vegetables, fruits, dates, corn, millet. Produce chicken meat, beef, dairy products. The population is also engaged in fishing and pearl mining. Own agricultural production provides only OK.10% of food needs.

In 2003, the cost of exports amounted to $ 12.36 billion, imports - 5.71 billion. The world's largest exporter of liquefied gas, oil and petroleum products are exported (components of OK.80% export), liquefied gas, fertilizer, steel, cement, Shrimps, pearls. The main export partners are Japan, South Korea, Singapore, USA. Catar is imported technique, vehicles, food, products of the chemical industry, raw materials for the metallurgical industry. Main imports on imports - France, Japan, USA, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, South Korea.

In 2002-2003, government revenues amounted to $ 5 billion, government spending - $ 5.5 billion. External debt reaches $ 16.2 billion. Monetary unit - Qatari Rial (in 2003 exchange rate amounted to 3.64 rials for $ 1)

The length of the automotive roads is 1230 km (1107 of them with solid coating). They associate Qatar with Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The overall length of oil and gas pipelines reaches 2050 km.

Most of the cargo transportation falls on a merchant fleet, numbering 22 vessels of different types (with displacement of more than 1000 gross-register tons each) with a total displacement of 525 thousand gross-register tons. The main ports are Umm-Said and Doha. Four airports are functioning (including 2 - with a solid floor covering), of which one international - in Doha. There is also 1 helicopter airport.

Qatar belongs to countries with modern means of communication. 176.5 thousand telephone lines and 267.2 thousand mobile phones are used. The own satellite system allows you to receive radio and television programs from abroad, there is an automatic system of international telexing. There are 12 radio stations and 1 television station (Qatar Television Service), the population owns 260 thousand radio receivers and 230 thousand TVs. There is a service of the Internet numbering approach. 70 thousand users.

Several daily and weekly newspapers are published, mainly in Arabic. The largest circles have "Ash-Shark" ("East", 40 thousand Ex.), "Ar Rayia" ("Banner", 25 thousand), Al-Arab (20 thousand), "Gulf Times "(In English., 15 thousand), Al-Uroba (" Arabism ", 12 thousand).

History.

The territory of Qatar was settled since ancient times. The country mentioned the ancient Roman historian of Pliny Senior (1 century). Archaeological finds in the region show that in 4-2 millennia BC. These lands were influenced by the kingdoms Dilmun, the center of which was located in Bahrain, and Magan (presumably in the area of \u200b\u200bmodern Oman). Residents were engaged in growing grain crops, copper smelting and intensive trading exchange with Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia and Assyria. In 6 c. BC. The Persian State seized the Catar and the surrounding territories, in subsequent centuries over them alternately established their dominance of the state, who owned modern Iraq and Iran. In 4 c. The minor principalities of the Persian Bay were dependent on Sasanid Iran. In 7th century In the area spread Islam, and Qatar entered the Arab Caliphate. As a result of the collapse of the caliphate at the end of 10 V. An Ismailite state of the carmatists with the capital at Bahrain appeared, but already at 11 c. It fell. Qatar became the object of the fierce struggle between the Baghdad Caliphate and Oman, the region was very ruined. At 13th century Qatar rubbed himself by the internecine wars of the Arab rulers, and in 1320 he was conquered by the sheikh Ormuza. In the 1470s, he again gained factual independence, but was supposed to pay a small tribute to the Ottoman Empire.

In the 1510th Catar seized the Portuguese, but in 1536 they were expelled by the Turkish fleet. Other European powers - England and Holland have tried to intervene in the fight for power in the region. In 1623, the Anglo-Persian forced forced Portugal to leave Ormuz, and then all the territories in the Persian Gulf. In 17 and 18 centuries. The district was under the authority of Oman, the stealing Persians.

In late 18 - early 19th centuries. Power over Qatar moved to the tribes that managed the al-Khalif dynasty. Her Sheikha managed to conquer Bahrain. In the future, they had to give the control over the Qatar of the family of Al-Tanya, but they did not leave intentions to regain the peninsula. In turn, Al-Tanya adopted a new radical version of Islam - Wahhabism.

The spread of Wahhabism in Arabia served as a reason for the new intervention from the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire. In 1818-1820, the United Kingdom managed to approve his presence in the region, and in 1868, taking advantage of the conflict between Bahrain and Qatar, the British authorities dictated a non-equivance contract. However, in 1871 the country was captured by the Ottoman Empire and fell under the power of the Turkish governor.

Sheikh Caase from the genus Al-Tanya (from 1878) managed to unite the hostric tribes and conduct a relatively independent policy. At the beginning of the 20th century The katarians managed to reflect the threat from the Wahhabi Bancourt only thanks to British support. In July 1913, the United Kingdom was finally achieved from the Ottoman Empire consent to the neutralization of Qatar, and during the First World War, November 3, 1916, it forced the rulers of Qatar to sign an agreement on the establishment of the British Protectorate. In 1934 the contract was updated.

The United Kingdom carried out military control over Qatar, he saw external relations and benefited from the production of pearls and sponges. In 1940, oil production began, interrupted during World War II. From 1947, oil production was led by Petroleum Development Company of Qatar, and from 1952 - a subsidiary "Qatar Petroleum Company". In 1960, the English company Shell - Kata, having a long-term concession in the territorial waters of Qatar, began developing a shelf oil field.

In the 1930s, the tribes of the internal regions of Qatar were rebelled. In 1950-1960, anticolonial moods began to increase in the region. In Qatar from 1964, there was an underground organization of the national struggle, and in early 1970s - the People's Front of the liberation of Oman and the Arab bay. In an effort to change the methods of its influence, the United Kingdom went in 1961 to the transfer of a third of the concession district "Qatar Petroleum" to the ruler of the country - Sheikh Ahmed Al Tanya (1960-1971). In 1968, the British authorities prompted the rulers of Bahrain, Qatar and future UAE to agree on the creation of the Federation of Principalities, but negotiations between them in 1968-1969 revealed deep disagreements between Qatar and Abu Dhabi. September 1, 1971 Qatar proclaimed his independence. The first Emir (1971-1972) became Sheikh Ahmed.

In February 1972, as a result of the bloodless coup, the authorities captured the cousin of the monarch - Khalifa Ben Hamad Al Tanya (1972-1995). In 1974, the State General Oil Corporation was established for the operation of oil and gas fields and control over the activities of foreign firms engaged in the oil and gas and oil and gas processing industries. In 1975, the Catar government bought the capital of concessionaires. Since 1974, oil refined in the country.

In the internal policy, all power in the state focused in the hands of Emir and the ruling dynasty. Foreign policy, Qatar focused, first of all, to cooperate with the states of the region. During the Iranian Iraq war, 1980-1988, he supported Iraq, and during the war in the Persian Gulf in 1990-1991 (after the seizure of Iraq Kuwait) took an active part in the coalition led by the United States. It plays an active role in the expansion of Arab-Israeli economic relations, organizing meetings within the framework of the Arab-Israeli peace process and exchanging small trading missions with Israel.

Qatar at the end of 20V - early 21st century

In June 1995, as a result of the next bloodless coup, Emir Khalifa changed his son Hamad Al Tanya. Under it, the country began to play an important role in both the regional level and in the international arena.

The new monarch as a whole preserved the former board of the board, but went on some measures to update. He expanded the composition of the advisory board and created a commission on the development of a constant constitution. In 1996, the post of Prime Minister was established, in March 1999 and April 2003, nationwide elections were held in the Central Municipal Council with advisory functions, whose activities are aimed at improving management at the municipal level. In 2001, Qatar settled border disputes with Bahrain about the marine border and accessories of O. Khawar (International Court in the Hague recognized his belonging to Bahrain) and from Saudi Arabia.

In 1996, an influential TV network of Al-Jazeera (Al Jazeera) was created with several channels. This allowed the Qatar to become one of the media leaders.

On April 29, 2003, a referendum was held in Qatar on the draft constant constitution of the country. 96.6% of Qataris voters voted for a new constitution.

Qatar is a political ally of the United States.

In June 2013, Emir Hamad Al Tanya announced his renunciation from the throne in favor of his son, Prince Tamimu Ben Hamad Al Tanya. In this decision, several reasons may lie: health problems and a political course that caused discontent outside and within the country.

The official name is the state of Qatar (Daulyat Qatar, State of Qatar). Located in Southwestern Asia, in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula, nominated far to the Persian Bay. The territory of the country includes the Qatar Peninsula and a number of small adjacent islands with a total area of \u200b\u200b11.437 thousand km2. The population of St. 800 thousand people (Evaluation 2003). State language - Arabic. Capital - G. Doha (313 thousand people, 1998). State party - Independence Day September 3 (since 1971). The monetary unit is Qatari Rial (contains 100 dirhams).

UN member (since 1971), Lag (since 1971), IMF, IBRD, OPEC, OIC, Oak, SSAGPZ (since 1981), etc.

Sights of Qatar

Geography of Qatar

It is located between 50 ° 45 'and 51 ° 35' East longitude and 24 ° 45 'and 26 ° 10' northern latitude. From the north, the West and the East is washed by the waters of the Persian Gulf. The coast is a raised coastline with a length of 563 km. A large number of coral reefs (sometimes up to 4 km width) makes it difficult to access. Qatar borders in the south with Saudi Arabia, on the sea - with the Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates (Emirate Abu Dhabi). The terrain of the territory is simple and located on the lowest desert plateau of the Arabian Peninsula. The deposits of minerals - oil and natural gas are worldwide. The soil is mostly sandy and limestone. Nature is distinguished by a hot and arid climate, the lack of constantly current rivers and natural reservoirs. In the period of rain (December - January), water accumulates in dry ruses (Wadi), the largest of which Mashrib passes near the capital. In the summer (May-October), the temperature at noon rises to 45 ° C with air humidity 85-90%. At this time, the sand storms are frequent. Winter (December-March) moderately warm, day + 15-25 ° C, at night to + 10 ° C. Due to the complex climatic conditions, the vegetable and animal world of Qatar is extremely zadu. In the area there are foci of locust spread. In the waters of Qatar there are more than 70 species of fishing fish: tuna, stavride, mackerel, sardine. In the area of \u200b\u200bcoral reefs, pearls are mined.

Population of Qatar

Before the opening of oil fields, the number of residents did not exceed 20 thousand people. Birth rate 15.6%, mortality 4.43%, child mortality 20 people. For 1000 newborns, lifespan of 73.14 years (women 75.76, men 70.65) (2003). The age structure of the population: 0-14 years - 24.7% of all residents of the country, 15-64 - 72.4%, 65 years and older - 2.9%. The bulk of the population (more than 90%) is concentrated in the capital and other major cities.

For the demographic situation of Qatar, the small share of the indigenous population (1/6 of part) is characterized in the total mass of people who arrived from other countries as a hired labor force and attendants. This generates many problems associated with ensuring national security and the preservation of Qataria. The ethnic composition of the country is very heterogeneous: Arabs 40%, Pakistanis 18%, Indians 18%, Iranians 10%, others - 14%. Languages: Arabic, English - as a second language.

State religion K. - Islam, adopted in 628. His canons imbued with the whole life of the local population. K.'s indigenous people confess the Sunnism of the Hanbalite Mazhab - a religious and legal school, which is most rigid. Part of them is followers of the teachings of Sheikh ibn Al-Wahhab (Hanbalism in its extreme expression). A small part of the population is shiites. Currently, due to the influx of foreign workers, about half of the country's population adheres to Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity.

The story of Qatar

The lands of modern Qatar were populated with deep antiquity. The earliest archaeological finds are dated to the end of 4 thousand BC. e. And confirms the existence of a developed and prosperous civilization here. After adopting 7 c. Islam Together with the rest of the Persian Gulf, the territory of Qatar became part of the Arab Caliphate - Omeyadov, later Abansidov. In the beginning. 16th century The first European colonialists appeared on the shores of the Persian Gulf, among which Portugal and especially the United Kingdom were the most active. After a long resistance of Sheikh Qatar in 1868 was forced to conclude with the UK "Agreement on the Eternal World", actually secured its colonial domination. Since 1871, Qatar was once again occupied by the Ottoman Empire, who assigned his governor there. But in reality, the country was ruled by Sheikh Kasem Bin Mohammed, who founded the dynasty of the currently ruling genus the genus Al Tanya (from 1878). According to official data, the Al Tanya family took place from Tamim's tribe (modern Saudi Arabia) and emigrated on the peninsula to the beginning. 18 V. Using the 1st World War, the United Kingdom forced Turkey to abandon the claims for Qatar, and in 1916 the new ruler of Qatar Sheikh Abdalla Ibn Kasem Al Tanya signed an agreement to establish the English Protectorate. In 1935, the rulers of Qatar were forced to conclude a concession agreement with the British Petroleum Development of Qatar, who gave her practically unlimited and uncontrolled intelligence rights, production and sale of oil and gas, the construction of industrial facilities, the import of foreign workers. The entire traditional construction of the centuries of the country's folded economy was violated, which led to a sharp impoverishment of the local population. To con. 1960s. The crisis of the colonial policy of Great Britain became obvious. Her attempt to maintain its influence in the region by creating a federation of nine Emirates: Bahrain, Qatar and seven emirates of the contractual Oman failed. Countries could not agree among themselves and after Bahrain on September 3, 1971 Qatar proclaimed his independence. The next step of the already independent Qatar was the entry in September 1971 in Lag and the UN. February 22, 1972 Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa with the consent of the Council of Elders appointed himself with Emir of Qatar, declaring the ruling sheikh Ahmed coated abroad. The new government continued to be launched reforms, paying special attention to the modernization of the economy. In 1995, the throne inherited the son of Emir Khalifa - Hamad Bin Khalif Al Tanya. The young Emir managed to solve many border disputes with neighboring Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. The aggravation of relations with Bahrain occurred in March 1982 due to the territorial affiliation of the islands of Khavar and the FSHT DIBAL District district. After hearings in the Hague court in March 2001, the verdict was adopted, according to which the Javar Islands moved away Bahrain, and FSHT Dibal was transferred to Qatar. In 1992, due to events in the cross-border region, there was a conflict between Qatar and Saudi Arabia. After a long resolution of Qatar in March 2001, he signed maps with a demarcation line between the two countries, where the separation of marine and land borders was finally approved.

State Device and Catar Political System

Officially, Qatar is a sovereign Arab state with an absolute monarchy. The country has a temporary constitution, adopted on April 2, 1970. All of the fullness of power in the country belongs to Emirs from the Al Tanya dynasty and can only be inherited by Sheikhams from this kind. According to administrative division, the country consists of 10 municipalities (Baladiyat): Hell Vavva, Al-Giuvania, Al-Jumali, Al-Choir, Al-Vakra, Ar Rayan, Jarainayan Al-Batna, Ash Shamal, Umm Said, Umm Salal . The chapter of the municipality on its territory is subject to all government agencies and departments, and its functions include all administrative affairs. The ruler of Qatar - Emir Hamad Bin Califa Al Tanya (since June 1995). The executive authority in the country is the Council of Ministers (17 people from September 1992), which also heads Emir. He appoints and shifts the ministers carrying his personal responsibility for the policies of the state and the work of ministries. In addition, Emir is the Supreme Commander of the country. In 1972, Emir Khalifa Bin Hamada Al Tanya, in accordance with the Advisory Constitution adopted by the Provisional Council, created a special advisory board (Shura). Since 1988, this body consists of 35 people, elected for a period of 4 years and appointed by the emir of representatives selected with limited electoral law. According to the Constitution, they have the right to discuss and make recommendations on the adoption of laws developed by the Council of Ministers, to request the Ministry of External and Domestic Political Affairs, including budget projects. Their functions include consideration of public and civil cases, after which they are taken out of the approval of ministers and Emir. However, according to the law, the Advisory Council cannot have real or legislative power.

In March 1999, the elections of 29 members in the Central Municipal Council were held in Qatar, the following elections took place in April 2003. In July 1999, Emir created a special committee from 32 people to develop a project to the country's constitution. In July 2002, the project was submitted to Emir, after which it was fully approved on the referendum in April 2003. Any political parties and trade unions are prohibited in the country. It is also prohibited and prosecuted by the law discrimination on a racial, ethnic or religious basis. The country's higher judicial authority is the Court of Appeal, whose decisions are approved by the Emir and are not subject to revision.

The leading organizations of business circles include the largest banks and industrial companies of the country: Qatari oil company (QP), Qatargas, Qatarovskaya Steel Company (QASCO), Qataris Industrial Company (QIMCO), etc. Currently internal policy The countries are aimed at diversifying the industrial base, the use of local natural resources, a decrease in dependence on imports of goods, an increase in export products. The nationalization of the oil industry in 1973, after which the income of the country increased dramatically, allowed the government to hold a number of significant changes in the social sphere. Reforms were conducted in the field of health, housing construction, in the field of utilities, pensions and benefits. In the beginning. 1980s. A new major program was carried out to improve the social life of the population, all services for medical care and education were free. In May 1989, at the direction of the Emir, the planning council was formed, designed to improve the coordination of plans for the socio-economic development of Qatar. A goal was announced - to reduce the dependence on the oil sector, but also at present the economy of Qatar remains fully-oriented for the export of oil and natural gas.

In the field of foreign policy, Qatar adheres to the principles of non-aligned movement, the member of which is from 1971. Qatar speaks for a dialogue between countries based on the principles of mutual confidence and non-interference in the affairs of sovereign states. Of great importance for the Foreign Policy of Qatar have its relationship with Arab countries. The most close bonds exist in Qatar with neighboring Saudi Arabia. In 1992, Qatar signed a defense pact with the United States. A similar agreement was concluded with the United Kingdom (1993) and France (1994). More and more strengthening contacts of Qatar and France show the desire of the authorities to gain wide military support for the world's leading powers. During the 2nd War in the Persian Gulf (March-April 2003), Qatar provided the United States of his military bases and took the pro-American position.

All increasing political tensions in the region forced the government of K. to pay close attention to the creation of an effective self-defense system. The country's armed forces consist of an army, naval and air force. Their total number of August 2001 is 12.33 thousand people. There is a mandatory military service for all men aged 18 to 35 years. Military service period is 12-24 months. In 2000/01, defense spending increased to $ 723 million, which amounted to 10% of GDP. The main provider of weapons in Qatar - France (tanks, aviation), a smaller share has the United Kingdom (military ships).

Qatar has diplomatic relations with the Russian Federation (established from the USSR in 1988).

Economy Qatar

Founding in Qatar Oil (1939) and its industrial mining (from 1949) dramatically changed the situation in the country, allowing to achieve the unprecedented economic growth rates. To date, oil is more than 55% of GDP, 85% of exports and 70% of all government revenues. Proved reserves of oil 14.5 billion barrels. (2002). Thanks to the production of oil GDP per capita in Qatar, we compare with leading Western industrial countries. In addition to oil, the extraction and export of natural gas becomes increasingly important, the reserves of which, according to various estimates, exceed 21 trillion m3 (2nd place in the world in terms of the Russian Federation). Fields found in the giant field of North Field will allow the gas industry to develop the previous accelerated pace and provide the required amount of gas for its passage on planned gas pipelines in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. Gas mining in Qatar increased from 19.6 billion in 1998 to 32.5 billion m3 in 2001.

In 2000, the active balance of the foreign trade balance of Qatar was $ 7 billion. This happened mainly due to the high global oil prices and gradual increase in gas exports. This surplus is preserved in 2001.

Qatar since the announcement of its independence supports high GDP growth rates. On average, they make up 8-10% per year. The volume of Katar's GDP from $ 510 million (1972) rose to 7.17 billion US dollars (1995), i.e. more than 14 times. The growth dynamics of GDP volume depends entirely on the state of the global energy market and oil prices. For Qatar, the period of the general downturn in the world economy and, as a result, a noticeable reduction in oil consumption coincided with the fall of GDP domestically ($ 4930 million in 1985 against $ 5773 million in 1979). Similarly, GDP hesitated the growth of national income per capita: in 1982 it reached $ 19 thousand, which allowed the country to take one of the first places in the world in this indicator; In 1995, due to the decline in the fuel market, it was 12 thousand dollars. USD. According to 2002, GDP 17.2 billion dollars, GDP growth rates of 3.4%; GDP per capita 21.5 thousand US dollars. Inflation 1.9% (2002), Unemployment 2.7% (2001).

Sectoral economy structure: on deposit in GDP (%, 1996): Agriculture 1, industry 49, services of services 50. Employment GDP structure (%, 2000): Agriculture 0.4, industry 67.6, service sphere 32.

In addition to the oil and gas industry, the basis of the foundation of the country's economic well-being, energy has received widespread development. The total power of power plants was estimated at 1863 MW (2000), the production of electricity was 9.264 billion kW / h (2001). Qatar provides electricity released for the domestic needs of its citizens, for free. For Qatar an important task is the desalination of water (more than 113 million gallons per day for 2000). Construction business, building materials, cement are successfully developing. There are three industrial zones in Qatar: UMM Said (oil refining and petrochemistry, recently metallurgical and gas industry); Doha (small and medium business, repair shops, domestic service, food production); A new zone in the Ras Laffan (processing and transportation of gas).

The adverse climatic conditions and the presence of desert and semi-desert land in the country have led to very limited use of the agro-industrial complex.

The cumulative area of \u200b\u200bthe processed lands is OK. 7.6 thousand hectares, or 3% of the total area, the proportion of absolutely unsuitable land is 91.6% of the country. According to FAO, in 2000, Qatar produced 4100 tons of barley, 1800 tons of corn, 53,400 tons of vegetables and melons, 18,000 tons of fruits and dates; In animal husbandry: 35 900 tons of milk, 4100 tons of poultry meat, 7400 taranny meat. The most traditional and successful branch of agriculture is fishing - 4207 tons (2000).

In Qatar there are no railways. The total length of the highway roads is 1230 km, from them with a coating of 1107 km. The total length of pipelines is more than 892 km (1997), incl. sv. 187 km - for pumping oil and more than 700 km - for gas supply. Sea transport plays a dominant role in the carriage of goods, it accounts for more than 70% of imported goods and 100% of oil and gas exports. Commercial shipping includes 25 only large vessels with a total tonnage 679,081, among them 10 dry cargoers, 6 oil tankers, 7 container ships, 2 oil carriers and ore (2002). The main port of the country is Doha (in Ser. 1990s. The total length of the berths amounted to 1699 m) and the total reconstruction of the port of Umm Said. In Qatar built 4 airports. The largest international airport is located next to the capital (2.6 million passengers adopted in 2000), the rest are used only for domestic transport. In 2001, "Katari Airlines" numbered 15 aircraft. The authorities of Qatar are planning to increase the volume of freight and bring the number of aircraft to 22 (2006). In 1998, the country visited OK. 451 thousand tourists, but the Industry itself is small due to the underdeveloped infrastructure.

In Qatar, along with traditional communication systems recently, in addition to the usual telephone (167,400 users, 2001), mobile communications (178 800, 2001) and the Internet (40,000 users in 2001) are successfully developing. Catar radio has existed since 1968, the number of radio receivers was in 1997 256,000 - one of the first indicators in the Arab East. National television appeared in 1970, leads its programs in 3 channels and has 520,000 viewers (2000). The country has its own satellite communications, the satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera is well known.

Features of the modern economy of Qatar - the presence of cheap energy, large investments and the shortage of local labor resources. This makes the economy of Qatar Energy and Caidaloma, but Labor-saving. The country is narrowly focused on petrochemistry, oil refining, the development of the gas sector, banking. Since Qatar - Absolute Monarchy, Emir, together with advisers and the Cabinet of Ministers, personally deals with the state settlement of the main proportions of economic development, stimulates the private sector to develop, follows the participation of the state in industrial and financial activities. In the field of social policy, Qatar provides a number of privileges and material benefits to citizens of their country, the right to free education, health care, training, etc.

The national financial system originated in 1971 immediately after the announcement of the Qatar of its independence. Prior to that, all financial activities were controlled by British banks. Currently, 16 banks and 8 insurance companies are successfully operating in the country. The Qatar Central Bank controls all economic and financial activities in the country, regulates the money circulation, issues new banknotes. The bank exists from 1966 (capital is equal to 1.14 billion cat. Rials). Among other largest banks - the National Bank of Qatar (formed in 1965) with a capital of 1.038 billion cat. Rials. The course of Qatari Rial relative to the US dollar over recent years is stable and equals 3.64.

The budget of Qatar is closely related to the level of oil prices and production levels. A sharp increase in oil revenues in the 1970s. caused a large excess in the budget, which allowed Qatar to start significant industrial programs and new infrastructure projects. In 2001/02, the budget provided income of 18.057 billion cat. Rials, consumption in 17.560 billion, surplus 497 million cat. Rials (with an average price for oil at $ 16.5 per barrel.).

Catar's foreign debt is due to loans for covering the deficit of the state budget. To con. 2001 External debt rose to 13.223 billion US dollars, of which $ 7,305 billion were directly by public debt. According to Western estimates, debt payment should increase up to $ 1435 billion in 2002 (2 times more than in 1998), but a gradual decrease of up to $ 380 million by 2005 is planned.

The standard of living of the population of Qatar due to an increase in the increase in oil and gas exports in recent years has increased immeasurably. The total amount of wages in industry in 2000 amounted to $ 240 million. The average wage of the industrial worker, respectively, was $ 7571 per year.

The Qatar economy almost completely depends on the state of its foreign trade. Qatar is forced to import almost the entire spectrum of goods - from food, consumer goods to machines and equipment. Despite the uneven growth of exports and imports, for 1972-95, the foreign trade turnover of Qatar increased 8.1 times (exports increased 6 times, imports at 17). Import has grown from 2.9 billion (2000) to 3.9 billion US dollars (2002). Main imports on imports: France (18%), Italy (9%), USA (9%), Japan (8%), United Kingdom (7%) (2001). Exports $ 11.59 billion, including $ 6.859 billion from crude oil and $ 3,300 billion from natural gas (2000), according to 2002, exports of $ 10.9 billion. Qatar also exports chemical products, fertilizers, with the introduction of metallurgical enterprises - metal and metal structures. Main export partners: Japan (42%), South Korea (18%), Singapore (5%), United Arab Emirates (4%) (2001).

Catar science and culture

Currently, the authorities concerned about the enormous influx of foreign labor, pay a lot of attention to education and the creation of their own national personnel. In 1995/96, there were 174 primary schools in the country, in which 53.6 thousand students were studied. The only university in Qatar was founded in 1977 in the capital of the Doha on the basis of the former pedagogical college and there are 7 faculties. Educational and research work at the university is conducted under the patronage of Emir Qatar, which in 1980 issued a decree on the formation of a special center of scientific and applied research. In 1998, 8.5 thousand students were trained at the university, of which 85% were indigenous kataris, the number of Qataris teachers was 38% of all teaching rates. The state regularly sends young people to study in foreign universities. The total number of students in Qatar in the 1999/2000 school year amounted to 75 thousand people, the total number of teachers in the 1998/99 school year - 13.1 thousand people. In the budget for 2002/03 the government laid 418 million cats. Rials for training and social benefits for young people.

In the "Donephtyanian" period, the population was engaged in traditional in the entire region of the region: cattle breeding, pearls, handicraft production, maritime trade, to a lesser extent agriculture. Today, despite competition from cheap industrial products, the people are still popular with the products of local jewelers, wood cutters, national clothing manufacturers.

The most interesting cultural attractions of Qatar include archaeological excavations of embankments and Kurgans in Umm Salal Ali, testifying to the oldest period in the history of civilizations. Presents interest and coastal town Al-Choir. The main part of the museums is concentrated in the capital of the country: the National Museum (founded in 1901) with a huge two-level aquarium, the Ethnographic Museum. The museum of weapons contains rare specimens of ancient small arms, a collection of gold and silver swords and daggers, part of which is dated 16 V. There is a famous reserve in the country, where a rare antilope has lives in vivo, a national animal of Qatar lives in vivo.

Among the cultural traditions of Qatar - camel running, jumps, hunting with the help of specially trained falcons and Arab hound dogs "Salyuki". A small part of the richest inhabitants of the country can allow the Arab Skakunov known for the whole world, has long been divorced in this region. Unique samples of this breed horses are in the stables of Emir. At special farms, race camels are grown, the cost of which comes to 250 thousand US dollars.

Despite the active intervention of the West, Sharia (Muslim law) is still mandatory for residents of the country and fully defines their culture and everyday life.