Presentation - Eastern Slavs in the VI-IX centuries - Formation of the Old Russian state. Education of the Slavic states, presentation for a history lesson (6th grade) on the topic Education of Poland and the Czech Republic
“Games about Rus'” - What is the simultaneous dominance of pagan and Orthodox religions called? Which metropolitan supported the policies of Ivan the Terrible at the beginning of his reign? The first ruler of the united Russian state was: In which principality did Andrei Bogolyubsky rule? a) Dmitry Donskoy b) Ivan III c) Vasily III d) Vasily I. Ancient Rus' in the 9th – 11th centuries.
“Features of the culture of Ancient Rus'” - Types of wooden architecture. Types of Old Russian literature. Wooden architecture. Appeared: - construction of churches - icon painting - church books. Folk art. Culture of ancient Rus'. Cultural significance of accepting Christianity. Literature. Stone architecture. Lesson plan. Artistic craft.
“Architecture of Rus'” - What exactly would you like to know about the architecture of Ancient Rus'? Sofia in Kyiv. 1037-1050 XIV century. XII century Harmony of beauty of completed forms... Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir. V.A. Rozhdestvensky. Wooden architecture. Demetrius Cathedral in Vladimir. 1194-1197
“Rus in the 11th-13th centuries” - Torzhok. Engraving from the 16th century. Many goods were for sale. 1. Urban development. 2.Architecture.Painting. 3.Book writing. Golden Gate in Vladimir. Large cities kept their own chronicles. Chronicle page. Lesson assignment. Lesson plan. Europeans called Rus' “Gradariki” - a country of cities. As a rule, the Golden Gate was built at the entrance.
“Holy Rus'” - About the capture of Ryazan by Batu: Holy Rus'. You have made the land of Ryazan empty. Lesson 2. Rus'. Red Square. And the fields bloom, And the forests rustle, And piles of gold lie in the ground. Miniature from the Facial Life of Alexander Nevsky. And in all corners of the white world Loud Glory is coming about you. Ivan Savvich Nikitin (1824–1861).
“Tests on Ancient Rus'” - Kyiv. Indicate the year of formation of the Old Russian state. Test. 907 988 Next. The founder of the princely dynasty in Rus' was Rurik. Poland. Kyiv was the first capital of our state. Rurik. Well done, that's right! Byzantium. Svyatoslav. Try again! Igor. What image is associated with the nickname of Prince Vladimir?
There are 16 presentations in total
Slide 1
EASTERN SLAVS IN THE VI-IX CENTURIES FORMATION OF THE ANCIENT RUSSIAN STATE
Slide 2
The Slavs separated from the single Slavic branch of the Indo-European tree in the middle of the 1st millennium AD. The ancestral home of the Slavs is the land from the Oder River in the West to the Carpathian Mountains in the East...
SETTLEMENT OF SLAVIC TRIBES
The Slavs occupied most of the East European Plain.
Slide 3
BALTS
SETTLEMENT OF SLAVIC TRIBES
BALTOSLAVIAN TRIBES
SLAVS
WESTERN
SOUTH
UKRAINIANS
BELARUSIANS
RUSSIANS
4 thousand years ago
5th century BC
5th century AD
INDO-EUROPEANS
XIV-XV centuries
EASTERN
Southern Slavs (Balkans) - Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, Bosnians, Montenegrins. Western Slavs - Poles, Czechs, Slovaks. Eastern Slavs - Ukrainians, Russians, Belarusians
Slide 4
SETTLEMENT OF SLAVIC TRIBES
The separation of the Eastern Slavs dates back to the 6th century, on the basis of which the Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian peoples subsequently emerged. The Eastern Slavs occupied the territory from the Carpathian Mountains in the west to the Middle Oka and the upper reaches of the Don in the east, from the Neva and Lake Ladoga in the north to the Middle Dnieper region in the south. The Slavs united in communities, the name of which was derived from the names of the area (Polyane, Buzhane), or from the names of legendary ancestors (Radimichi, Vyatichi).
Slide 5
Greek Herodotus, 5th century BC He described Scythia and the Scythian farmers - some scientists see them as ancient Slavs.
The Roman Cornelius Tacitus, Polybius, Pliny the Elder “Natural History” described the Wends and the territories of their settlement
Byzantine 6th century. - Procopius of Caesarea, Mauritius Strategist, 10th century-Constantine Porphyrogenitus and Leo the Deacon described the Antes, Sklavins and Rus
Arab Ibn-Khordadbe “Book of Ways and Kingdoms” 9th century, al Masudi 10th century,
Western European “History of the Goths” about the Wends, Sklavins, Ants Jordan, 6th century, 9th century. “British Chronicle” about the first Russian embassy, 10th-11th century. Chronicle of Bishop Thietmar about the reign of Vladimir, German chronicles 11th century
Russian Russian chronicles: “The Tale of Bygone Years” by monk Nestor in 1113 described the migration and settlement of the Slavs. The Novgorod Chronicle of 1016, the oldest Kiev vault1039, the Kiev-Pechersky vault of 1095, the Lavrentievsky Chronicle, the Ipatiev annals of the laws of the Russian Truth 11th, the charter of Vladimir Monomakh 12v, the agreements with the Greeks 911, 944, 971gg, all describes the initial history Slavs and the emergence of the state
Slide 6
In sources of the 6th century. Slavs perform for the first time under their own name. According to the Gothic historian Jordan and the Byzantine historical writer Procopius of Caesarea, the Wends at that time were divided into two main groups: the Antes (eastern) and the Slavins (western). It was in the VI century. The Slavs declared themselves as a strong and warlike people. They fought with Byzantium and played a major role in breaking the Danube border of the Byzantine Empire, settling in the VI-VIII centuries. the entire Balkan Peninsula. During the resettlement, the Slavs mixed with the local population (Baltic, Finno-Ugric, later Sarmatian and other tribes); as a result of assimilation, they developed linguistic and cultural characteristics.
SOURCES ON THE HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT SLAVS
Slide 7
In the VI-IX centuries. The Slavs united into communities that had not only a tribal, but also a territorial and political character. Tribal unions are a stage on the path to the formation of statehood of the Eastern Slavs. The chronicle story names one and a half dozen associations of Eastern Slavs (Polyans, Northerners, Drevlyans, Dregovichi, Vyatichi, Krivichi, etc.). These unions included 120-150 separate tribes, whose names have already been lost. Each tribe, in turn, consisted of many clans. The Slavs were forced to unite into alliances by the need to protect themselves from attacks by nomadic tribes and to establish trade relations.
Slide 8
In the VII-IX centuries. among the Eastern Slavs there was a process of decomposition of the tribal system: a transition from a tribal community to a neighboring one. At this time, tribal nobility emerged - leaders and elders. They surrounded themselves with squads, i.e. armed force, independent of the will of the people's assembly (veche) and capable of forcing ordinary community members to obey. Each tribe had its own prince. The word "prince" comes from the common Slavic "knez", meaning "leader". One of these tribal princes was Kiy (5th century), who reigned in the Polyan tribe. The Russian chronicle “The Tale of Bygone Years” called him the founder of Kyiv. Thus, the first signs of statehood were already appearing in Slavic society.
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE EASTERN SLAVS
Slide 9
TRIBAL MANAGEMENT
In addition, with the prince there were “the best (deliberate) people” and the thousand.
Slide 10
RELIGION OF THE EASTERN SLAVS
Slide 11
The ancient Slavs were pagans. They believed in evil and good spirits. A pantheon of Slavic gods emerged, each of which personified various forces of nature or reflected the social relations of that time. The most important gods of the Slavs were: Perun - the god of thunder, lightning, war, Svarog - the god of fire, Veles - the patron of cattle breeding, Mokosh - the goddess who protected the female part of the tribe. The sun god was especially revered, who was called differently by different tribes: Dazhd-God, Yarilo, Khoros, which indicates the absence of stable Slavic inter-tribal unity.
Slide 12
Idols depicting these pagan gods were placed on hills and in tracts and rituals were performed next to them. The sanctuaries where people worshiped idols were called “temples”, and the places for sacrifices were called “treasures”. The sanctuaries were located at settlements surrounded by settlements, being cult centers to which the population of a large area gravitated.
Slide 13
LIFE OF THE EASTERN SLAVS
The Slavs lived in small villages along the banks of rivers. In some places, to protect themselves from the enemy, villages were surrounded by a wall around which a ditch was dug. This place was called a city.
Slide 14
The community members lived in half-dugouts designed for one family. Private property already existed, but land, forests and livestock remained in common ownership.
Slide 15
ACTIVITIES OF THE EASTERN SLAVS
CASTLE BREEDING
AGRICULTURE
FISHING
HUNTING
BEREANING
horses, cows, sheep, pigs
wheat, millet, barley, buckwheat
slash-and-burn shifting
extracting honey and wax from wild forest bees from natural hollows and breeding bees in hollowed out hollows.
Slide 16
SWIDTH-AND-BURN SYSTEM Trees were cut down, withered and burned. After this, the stumps were uprooted, the land was fertilized with ash, loosened (without plowing) and used until exhaustion. After 4-5 years the site was abandoned.
FALLOW (FALLOW) SYSTEM is common in the south in forest-steppes, the main tool is the plow. An area of previously cultivated land that is left without plowing to restore soil fertility; The grass deposit was burned out, the resulting ash was fertilized, loosened and used until exhaustion. Since burning grass cover produced less ash than burning forest, areas had to be changed more often - after 6-8 years.
Slide 17
THE WAY FROM VARYAG TO THE GREEKS
In the 9th century, foreign trade began to play an increasingly important role in the life of the Eastern Slavs. People whose main occupation was trade were called merchants. The path from the Varangians to the Greeks: r. Neva-Ladoga lake-r. Volkhov-lake Ilmen-r. To catch is to drag to the tributaries of the Dnieper River. Dnieper-Black Sea. The final destination is rich Byzantium.
The system of “latitudinal routes” (Volkhov – Novgorod – Meta – Upper Volga; Western Dvina – Dnieper (Smolensk-Gnezdovo) – Oka) provided access to direct sources of Arab silver on the Volga route and ensured the further growth of main waterways and centers. The route “from the Varangians to the Greeks”, the Volga route, is being formed.
Reasons for the emergence of the Old Russian state
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
The need to defend against external enemies.
Awareness by the majority of society members of the need to limit tribal power; Property stratification; The need to keep people in obedience.
Slide 21
VII century - raids by neighbors, the need to unite tribal unions - the embryo of statehood (VI-VIII centuries - military democracy). VII-IX centuries - the unification of Slavic tribes into unions and super-unions - the development of the institution of tribal system. The formation of two groups of East Slavic tribes: northern (center in Novgorod) and southern (center in Kyiv) is the final stage in the development of tribal political organization. 882 - Oleg's campaign against Kyiv and the unification of two groups of Eastern Slavs into a single state - Kievan Rus.
STAGES OF STATE FORMATION IN Rus'
Slide 22
CONCLUSIONS The resettlement of the Slavs to the East European Plain led to the formation of the Old Russian ethnos, consisting of tribal unions. The basis of the economy was agriculture, the role of crafts and foreign trade grew. The clan community turns into a territorial one, and a military democracy is formed. Thus, the conditions arise for the emergence of a state.
Find out who the Slavs were and how they settled; What did the representatives of the Slavs do, what was their way of life? Get acquainted with the states called Bulgaria, the Great Moravian Empire. Find out how the Czech state was formed. Today in class:
Since ancient times, the Slavs lived in the Baltic states, in Central and Eastern Europe, east of the Germans. In the 6th century, the Slavs occupied vast areas from the Laba (Elbe) in the west to the middle reaches of the Dnieper in the east, from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Danube and the Black Sea in the south. Slavs Settlement of the Slavs
Slavic tribes Western Slavs Southern Slavs Eastern Slavs Czechs Czechs Poles Poles Slovaks Slovaks Polabian tribes living east of Laba, Polabian tribes living east of Laba, Pomeranian tribes settled on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. Pomeranian tribes settled on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. Bulgarians Bulgarians Serbs Serbs Croats Croats and others. and others. the ancestors of three related peoples who settled part of the Balkan Peninsula who settled part of the Balkan Peninsula: the ancestors of three related peoples: Russian Russian Ukrainian Ukrainian Belarusian. Belorussian.
The main occupations of the Slavs were agriculture (wheat, rye), cattle breeding (pig breeding), and crafts. The Slavs were also engaged in beekeeping - collecting wild bees' honey and wax. The Slavs settled along the banks of rivers, which were the best “roads,” and traded. Occupations and lifestyle of the Slavs
In the middle of the first millennium AD, the way of life of the Slavs was similar to that which we know from the history of the ancient Germans. The Slavs were divided into many tribes. All important issues in the tribe were decided by the people's assembly of the veche (from the word “broadcast” to speak with knowledge of the matter). Occupations and lifestyle of the Slavs
Vasily killed about 100 thousand Bulgarians, 14 thousand were blinded and sent home as intimidation. When the Bulgarian king saw the blind, he died of a broken heart. In 1018, Byzantium completely subjugated Bulgaria. Bulgarian state Blinded Bulgarians.
In the first half of the 9th century, the state of the Western Slavs, the Great Moravian State, arose in the valley of the Morava River. At first it was subordinate to the Franks, and after the collapse of the empire of Charlemagne to Germany. The princes paid her tribute and accepted Christianity from the German bishops.. Great Moravian Power Great Moravian Power
To fight Germany, one of the Moravian princes entered into an alliance with Byzantium against it. To free the church from the influence of the German clergy, he asked to send missionaries to Moravia to preach Christianity in the native language of the Slavs. Great Moravian Empire
The first Slavic enlighteners were the learned Bulgarian monks from Byzantium, brothers Cyril and Methodius. Kirill taught philosophy and knew the languages of different nations. Methodius, a good organizer, ruled the Byzantine region for about 10 years. Then he became a monk and soon headed the monastery. Great Moravian Empire
In 863, the brothers were sent to the Great Moravian Empire. Before leaving, Cyril created Slavic writing based on the Greek alphabet. With the help of Methodius, he translated several liturgical books into Slavic. In Moravia, the brothers built churches and opened a school to train priests from local residents. Great Moravian Empire
After the death of the brothers, the German clergy began persecuting their students. Some students found shelter in Bulgaria. Here they continued to translate Greek religious books and contributed to the rise of Bulgarian literature. From Bulgaria, Slavic writing passed to Rus'. Great Moravian Empire Monument to Cyril and Methodius Odessa
The long struggle with the kings of Germany weakened the Great Moravian Empire. Taking advantage of this, the Hungarians defeated her in 906 and captured part of her lands. The Great Moravian Empire collapsed. The Great Moravian Empire The only surviving monument of the Great Moravian Empire
The Czech state emerged from the collapsed Great Moravian Empire. In the first half of the 10th century, with the support of the nobility, the princes of the Czech tribe, which lived near the city of Prague, united other tribes under their rule. In 1085, the Czech prince took the title of king; the influence of the Czech Republic in Europe increased. Education in Poland and the Czech Republic.
In the second half of the 10th century, the Polish prince Mieszko I () subjugated the tribes that settled along the Vistula River. Together with his 3,000-strong retinue, he accepted the Christian faith and thereby greatly strengthened his power. He laid the foundation for the Polish state. While fighting for the unification of Polish lands, Mieszko entered into an alliance with the Holy Roman Empire against the Polabian Slavs, but at times supported the German feudal lords against the emperor. Prince Mieszko I Education of Poland and the Czech Republic
The unification of Poland was completed during the reign of Bolesław I the Brave (). He managed to annex the southern Polish lands. The capital of Poland was moved to the city of Krakow, a large shopping center on the way from Kyiv to Prague. Boleslav I managed to capture the Czech Republic with Prague for a while, but soon the Czech Republic was freed from his power. Formation of Poland and the Czech Republic Boleslav I the Brave
Formation of Poland and the Czech Republic Coronation of Boleslav I the Brave Boleslav marched on Kyiv, trying to place his son-in-law on the throne, but to no avail. In the west, he fought long wars with the Holy Roman Empire. Shortly before his death, Bolesław was proclaimed King of Poland. In the middle of the 11th century, Poland entered a period of feudal fragmentation.
Materials used in this work: %D0%BB_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0 %B8%D0%B9http://ru.wikipedia.org/ wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB %D0%BB_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B4 %D0 %B8%D0%B9 _Ihttp://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE _I Agibalova E.V., Donskoy G. M. History of the Middle Ages 6th grade / textbook for secondary schools. - M.: Education, 2008. History of the Middle Ages, 6th grade: lesson plans based on the textbook by Agibalova, Donskoy, author. N.Yu. Kolesnichenko.-Id. 2, revised. – Volgograd: Teacher, p.
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SLAVIC LAND IN THE 6th -9th CENTURIES. PRESENTATION ON WORLD HISTORY. 10 CL. A BASIC LEVEL OF. SMIRNOV EVGENY BORISOVICH. [email protected]. LESSON OBJECTIVES. ORIGIN AND SETTLEMENT OF THE SLAVS. SOUTHERN SLAVS. WESTERN SLAVS. EAST SLAVS. BASIC CONCEPTS.
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SLAVIC LAND IN THE 6th -9th CENTURIES
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PRESENTATION ON WORLD HISTORY. 10 CL. A BASIC LEVEL OF. SMIRNOV EVGENY BORISOVICH. [email protected]
ORIGIN AND SETTLEMENT OF THE SLAVS. SOUTH SLAVS WESTERN SLAVS EASTERN SLAVS.
ANTS, SKLAVINS, WENEDS, SCYTHIANS, WESTERN, SOUTH, EASTERN SLAVS, SWITCHING SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE, Tale of Bygone Years, RUS, VARYAGS,
THE SLAVS WIDE AREAS FROM THE VOLGA TO THE ODER AND TO THE DANUBE AT THE BEGINNING OF OUR ERA WERE POPULATED BY THE SLAVS. 1. ANCIENT SOURCES MENTION THE VENEDS. 2.BYZANTINE SOURCES SPEAK ABOUT ANTES AND SKLAVINS. 3. ARAB SOURCES CALL THE SLAVS SCYTHIANS. 4. THE MOST AUTHORITABLE SOURCE 6 “THE TALE OF TIME” BY MONK NESTOR. BUT NOW IT IS CLEAR THAT A LOT OF THE INFORMATION IN IT IS SIMPLY FALSIFIED. WHERE ARE THE SLAVS FROM – IN THE 2 THOUSAND B.C.E. FROM INDIA. WESTERN SLAVS – ODER – VISTULA, EASTERN ODER – DNIEPR. SOUTH - DANUBE
THE FEATURE OF THE SLAVS WAS THAT THEY LIVED IN THE FOREST AND FOREST-STEPPE ZONE. OCCUPATIONS: HUNTING, FISHING, HEERY, AGRICULTURE AND CASTLE BREEDING. AGRICULTURE WAS A SWIDTHING AND FIRE NATURE AND REQUIRED THE EFFORT OF THE WHOLE COMMUNITY. THEY LIVED IN CRIBAL COMMUNITIES IN GORODISHCHES. ARCHAEOLOGISTS DISTRIBUTE: 1.TISHENETSKO - KOMAROVSKY CULTURE, 15 - 12 B.C. 2.CHERNOLESSKY -10 -7 B.C. 3LUZITSKAYA, ZARUBINETSKAYA, CHERNYAKOVSKAYA AND PRAGUE.
SLAVYAN
THE SLAVS SETTLED ON THE BALKAN PENINSULA AND MERGED WITH THE TURKIC TRIBE OF THE BULGARS, ACCEPTING THEIR NAME. SINCE 716, BYZANTINE WAS FORCED TO PAY TRIBUTE. A STATE ARISED – BULGARIA, ACCEPTING ORTHODOXY IN 860. THE GREEK ENLIGHTENERS CYRILL AND MEFODIUS PLAYED A HUGE ROLE – ALPHABET. BULGARIA WAS DEFEATED IN THE 10th CENTURY IN ITS WAR WITH BYZANTINE. THE SLOVEN AND CROATIA PRINCIPALITIES BECOME PART OF THE EMPIRE OF CHARLES GREAT.
THE FIRST STATE OF THE WESTERN SLAVS (SELF) ARISED IN THE 7th CENTURY. IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE HUNGARIANS AND THE FRANKS, THE TRIBES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC, MORAVIA, SILESIA, LUSATIAN, AND PANNONIA UNITED. LATER THE GREAT MORAVIAN POWER ARISED. CZECH STATE, ANCIENT POLISH STATE. THIS WAS CONNECTED WITH THE STRUGGLE AGAINST THE GERMAN FEUDAL LORD. AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 11TH CENTURY THE ANCIENT POLISH STATE ARISES WITH KING BOLESLAW THE BRAVE, WHO ACCEPTS CATHOLICITY
THE EASTERN SLAVS LIVED NORTH OF THE ROUTES OF THE GREAT MIGRATION OF PEOPLES. THE SLAVS LIVED NEIGHBORHOOD WITH THE FINNO-UGRIAN TRIBES. THE TRADE ROUTE FROM THE VARYAGS TO THE GREEKS PLAYED A HUGE ROLE. IT IS ON IT THAT CITIES ARISE: Kyiv. NOVGOROD, SMOLENSK, CHERNIGOV..(5th - 6th CENTURY) IN THE 9th CENTURY, THERE WERE 24 FORTENTED SETTLEMENTS ON THE SLAVIC LANDS - CENTERS OF TRADE, CRAFT AND MANAGEMENT OF TRIBAL UNIONS.
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