Modern political science can give a complete description of any form of the state (the device of the political organization of the Company) based on the form of the Board, the form of a state-territorial device and the type of political regime.

Forms of Board

The form of the Board is a way to organize the Supreme State Power. There are two forms of government - monarchy and republic. The monarchy in turn can be such species like:

• absolute (the whole full of executive, legislative and judiciary is concentrated in the hands of the monarch);
• constitutional or parliamentary (the power of the monarch is limited by the Constitution, the real executive and legislature is in the hands of the elected or generated by the people of Parliament);
• dualistic (Power is divided between the monarch and parliament);
• theocratic (Power is in the hands of a spiritual leader who heads one or another confusion).

Republican form of government exists in such forms as

• presidential (power is focused in the hands of the elect president);
• parliamentary (the country is managing the Parliament or Prime Minister; the President performs only executive functions);
• mixed (Power is divided between parliament and president).

Form of a state-territorial device

The forms of the state-territorial device are a way of the relationship and interaction of individual parts of the state, enshrined in the Constitution. There are such forms as

• federation (Union regarding independent actors subject to all important issues to the political center);
• unitary state (one and indivisible state consisting only of administrative units);
• confederation (Temporary Union is fully independent from each other).

Political regimes

Political regime is a combination of methods and methods of implementing state power. There are such types of political regimes as

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• democratic (Power is in the hands of the people, civil rights and freedoms and declared and actually work);
• undemocratic (Power is in the hands of the ruling elite, political minority, civil rights and freedoms are only declared, in practice they do not work).

Nedamocratic political regime also has certain subspecies: authoritarian and totalitarian (the difference lies in the level of control of power over society).

Most countries of foreign Europe are a republic of various types with democratic political regimes. The Republic of Foreign Europe is France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria.

But despite this, there are a large number of countries of foreign Europe with a monarchical form of government. How many of them?

Monarchy of foreign Europe

What states can be included in the list "Monarchic countries of Foreign Europe"? It can be represented as follows.

Fig.1 Running Royal Windsor House

Country	Form of a political organization	Form of government
Norway	Kingdom (ruling house - glucburg dynasty)	A constitutional monarchy
	Kingdom (Running House - Bernadov Dynasty)	A constitutional monarchy
	Kingdom (Running House - Gluxburg Dynasty)	A constitutional monarchy
Great Britain	Kingdom (ruling house - Windsor)	A constitutional monarchy
	Kingdom (Running House - Saxen-Coburg-Gothskaya Dynasty)	A constitutional monarchy
Netherlands	Kingdom (Running House - Oran Nassau)	A constitutional monarchy
Luxembourg	Duchy (ruling house-Parm Burbones)	A constitutional monarchy
Liechtenstein	Principality (Running House - Savoy Dynasty)	A constitutional monarchy
	Kingdom (Running House - Bourbon)	Parliamentary monarchy with a dualistic bias
	Principality (ruling house -buron)	A constitutional monarchy
	Principality (Running House - Grimaldi)	A constitutional monarchy
	Papal State	Electoral absolute theocratic monarchy

The Vatican is not the only state with a elective theocratic absolute monarchy. The second state is Iran, where power held the spiritual leader for a long time - Homney Ayatollah.

Thus, quite a large number of major European countries are monarchies. Their proprietary weight in Northern Foreign Europe is especially great (if you see their location on the map).

Fig. 2 Political Map of Foreign Europe

Almost all modern dynasties are connected by blood bonds. The Royal House of Great Britain, Windsor, are representatives of the Saxon Coburg at once - the Gothic Dynasty and the Gluxburg Dynasty. The oldest unintended dynasty of the Prince of Grimaldi House. The throne is transmitted in a straight line from the Father to the Son for 700 years.

Fig.3 Head of the ruling house Monaco - Prince Albert II Grimaldi

What did we know?

Most of the monarchical countries of foreign Europe are constitutional monarchies. This means that the whole full of legislative, executive and judiciary is in the hands of parliament and the elected prime minister or Chancellor. Monarch plays a representative role, although it may speak on key issues of foreign and domestic politics. In some countries, for example, in the UK, the monarch is a significant figure on the political arena. Elizabeth II, the ruling queen, actively interfered with the activities of many prime ministers: Margaret Thatcher, Tony Blair and others.

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No. p / p	Region	Country	Form of government
	E in r o p a	United Kingdom (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)	KM
	Spain (Kingdom of Spain)	KM
	Belgium (Kingdom of Belgium)	KM
	Netherlands (Kingdom of the Netherlands)	KM
	Monaco (Monaco Principality)	KM
	Liechtenstein (Principality Liechtenstein)	KM
	Sweden (Kingdom of Sweden)	KM
	Norway (Kingdom of Norway)	KM
	Denmark (Kingdom of Denmark)	KM
	Luxembourg (Great Duchy Luxembourg)	KM
	Andorra (Principality of Andorra)	KM
	Vatican	Atm
	And z and i	Brunei (Brunei Darussalam)	Atm
	Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)	Atm
	Qatar (State Qatar)	AM
	Oman (Sultanate Oman)	AM
	Kuwait (Kuwait State)	KM
	Bahrain (Bahrain State)	KM
	United Arab Emirates (UAE)	KM
	Bhutan (Kingdom Bhutan)	KM
	Cambodia (Kingdom of Cambodia)	KM
	Thailand (Kingdom of Thailand)	KM
	Malaysia (Federation Malaysia)	KM
	Japan	KM
	Jordan (Jordanian Hashemite Kingdom)	KM
	AFRICA	Morocco (Kingdom of Morocco)	KM
	Swaziland (Kingdom Swaziland)	KM
	Lesotho (Kingdom Lesotho)	KM
	Oceania	Tonga (Tong Kingdom)	KM

Note: km - constitutional monarchy;

AM is an absolute monarchy;

ATM is an absolute theocratic monarchy.

Republican form of board it originated in antiquity, but the greatest distribution received during the periods of the new and the latest history. In 1991, there were 127 republics in the world, but after the collapse of the USSR and Yugoslavia, their total number exceeded 140.

With republican, the legislative power usually belongs to Parliament, and the executive to the government. At the same time distinguish the presidential, parliamentary and mixed republic.

Presidential republic It is characterized by a significant role of the president in the system of state bodies, the compound in his hands the powers of the head of state and the head of government. It is also called the dualistic republic, emphasizing, thereby, the fact of concentrating the strong executive authorities in the hands of the president, and the legislative - in the hands of the parliament.

Distinctive features of such a form of reign:

· The extra-parliamentary method of election of the president (either the population is Brazil, France, or the electoral collegium - the USA),

· The extra-parliamentary method of formation of the government, that is, the president forms it. The President is both formally and legally head of government (the post of Prime Minister is absent, for example, in the USA), or he appoints the head of government. The government is responsible only to the president, and not before Parliament, since only the president can send him to resign,

· In general, with this form of the board, the president has much greater powers compared to the parliamentary republic (is the head of the executive power, approves laws by signing, has the right to send the government to resign), but in the Presidential Republic, the president, as a rule, is deprived of the rights of the Parlet , and the parliament is deprived of the right to express distrust to the government, but can shift the president (impeachment procedure).

The classical presidential republic are the United States of America. The US Constitution is based on the principle of separation of the authorities. According to this Constitution, the legislature belongs to Congress, the executive - to the president, the judicial - the Supreme Court. The president, elected by the electoral collegium, forms the government from persons belonging to his party.

Presidential republics are common in Latin America. This form of government is also found in some countries of Asia and Africa. True, sometimes in these countries the authorities of the head of state in fact goes beyond the constitutional framework, and, in particular, the Latin American presidential republics were characterized by researchers as super test.

Parliamentary (parliamentary) Republic It is characterized by the proclamation of the principle of the rule of parliament, in front of which the government is fully responsible for its activities.

In such a republic, the government is formed by the parliamentary way from among the deputies of parties with a majority vote in parliament. It remains in power until the support of the parliamentary majority. This form of government exists in countries that are different, to a large extent self-regulating economy (Italy, Turkey, Germany, Greece, Israel). Elections with such a system of democracy are usually held on party lists, that is, voters are not voting for the candidate, but for the party.

The main function of parliament, in addition to the legislative, is the control over the Government. In addition, Parliament has important financial powers, since it develops and accepts the state budget, determines the ways of the country's socio-economic development, solves the main issues of the internal, foreign and defense policy of the state.

The head of state in such republics is usually elected by the Parliament or a specially formed broader board, including members of the Parliament, representatives of the subjects of the Federation or representative regional bodies of self-government. This is the main type of parliament control for the executive.

In Italy, for example, the President of the Republic is elected by members of both chambers at their joint meeting, but at the same time the election participates three representatives from each region chosen by regional councils. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the President is elected by the Federal Assembly, consisting of members of the Bundestag and the same number of persons chosen by land landscapes on the basis of proportional representation. In the Parliamentary republics, elections may also be universal, for example, in Austria, where the President is elected by the population for a period of 6 years.

With this form of public administration, they speak about the "weak" president. Nevertheless, the head of state has quite broad powers. He will publish the laws, publishes decrees, has the right to dissuade the parliament, formally appoints the head of government (only the chapter of the party who won the elections) is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, has the right to amnesty convicted.

The president, being the head of state, is not the head of the executive authority, that is, governments. The Prime Minister is formally appointed by the president, but it can only be the head of the faction having a parliamentary majority, and not necessarily the head of the winning party. It should be noted that the government is competent to government to rule only when it enjoys the trust of parliament.

Mixed Republic (Also called the semi-represented, semi-chaired, presidential and parliamentary republic) - the form of the board, which is not considered a variety of presidential, no parliamentary republic. Of the modern Mixed include the fifth republic in France (after 1962), Portugal, Armenia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Slovakia.

Special form of state reign - socialist Republic (which originated in the XX century. in a number of countries as a result of the victory of socialist revolutions). Its varieties: Soviet Republic and People's Democratic Republic (former USSR, countries of Eastern Europe until 1991, as well as China, Vietnam, DPRK, Cuba, who remain socialist republics and now).

The Republican reign form can be considered the most progressive and democratic. She was chosen for not only economically developed states, but most of the countries of Latin America, freed from colonial dependence in the past century, and almost all former colonies in Asia, who gained independence in the middle of our century, as well as African states, most of which achieved Independence only in the 60-70s of the XX century. And even later.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that such a progressive form of government does not understand the republic. They are quite significantly different from each other in political, social and other relations.

It should be noted a peculiar form of government - interstate associations: Commonwealthheaded by the United Kingdom (CommonWealth)and Commonwealth of independent states(CIS, which includes Russia).

Legally, the British Commonwealth of Nations was issued back in 1931. Then the United Kingdom and her Dominions were included in it - Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South African Union, Newfoundland and Ireland. After the Second World War and the collapse of the British Colonial Empire, the Commonwealth included the absolute majority of the former possessions of Britain - about 50 countries with a common territory of more than 30 million km 2 and the population of over 1.2 billion people located in all parts of the world.

Commonwealth members have unconditional right of one-sided exit from it when they wish. They used Myanmar (Burma), Ireland, Pakistan. All states entering the Commonwealth have full sovereignty in their internal and external affairs.

In the states entering the Commonwealth, which have the republican form of government, the Queen of Great Britain is proclaimed "the head of the Commonwealth ... A symbol of the Free Association of Independent States - its members." Part of the members of the Commonwealth - Canada, Australian Union (Australia), New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu, Mauritius, Jamaica and some others are officially referred to as "States in the Commonwealth." The Supreme Power in these countries formally continues to belong to the British monarch, which is represented by the Governor General, appointed on the recommendation of the Government of this State. The highest authority of the Commonwealth of Governments.

In 1991, simultaneously with the signing of Belovezhsky agreements on the USSR dissolution, it was decided to establish Commonwealth of independent states(Russia, Ukraine, Belarus). Subsequently, the CIS joined all the former republics of the USSR, except for the three Baltic States. Objectives: promote the integration of CIS member countries in the economic, political and humanitarian fields, support and develop contacts and cooperation between nations, state institutions of the Commonwealth countries. The CIS is an open organization for the accession of other countries. In different years, subregional associations arose within the CIS: the Central Asian Economic Community (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Russia, Georgia, Turkey and Ukraine) and GUUAM (Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Moldova) were accepted as observers. In 1996, the Customs Union was created, which united the economic space of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (later Tajikistan joined them. In October 2000, the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) was formed on the basis of the Customs Union. Continuish among member countries CIS and military political associations (for example, collective security agreement). In September 2008, after the conflict in South Ossetia, Georgia declared the desire to leave the Commonwealth.

Form of state device (Administrative-territorial structure of states) is an important element of the political map of the world. It is directly related to the nature of the political system and the form of state reign, reflects the national-ethnic (in some cases a confessional) composition of the population, the historical and geographical features of the country's formation.

There are two main forms of the administrative and territorial device - unitary and federal.

Unitary state - This is a single one-piece state education, consisting of administrative-territorial units, which are subject to central authorities and not possess signs of state sovereignty. In a unitary state, there is usually a single legislative and executive power, a unified system of state bodies, a single constitution. There are an overwhelming majority in the world.

Federation - The form of a device in which several state formations legally possessing a certain political independence form one union state.

Characteristic signs of the Federation:

The territory of the Federation consists of the territories of its individual subjects (for example, states in Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, India, USA; provinces - in Argentina, Canada; Cantons - in Switzerland; lands in Germany and Austria; republics, as well as other administrative formations (autonomous districts, edges, regions - in Russia);

The subjects of the Federation are usually endowed with the right to adopt their own constitutions;

The competence between the federation and its subjects is delimited by the Federal Constitution;

Each subject of the federation has its own legal and judicial system;

In most federations there are united allied citizenship, as well as citizenship of union units;

The federation usually has uniform armed forces, an overedtrable budget.

In a number of federations in the Union Parliament there is a chamber representing the interests of the Federation members.

However, in many modern federal states, the role of the in-departments is so great that they can essentially be considered as unitary, and not federal states. Thus, the Constitution of such federations as Argentina, Canada, USA, Germany, Switzerland does not recognize the members of the Federation of the right to exit.

Federations are built on territorial (USA, Canada, Australia, etc.) and national characteristics (Russia, India, Nigeria, etc.), which largely determine the nature, content and structure of the state device.

Confederation - this is the temporary legal alliance of sovereign states created to ensure their common interests (members of the Confederation retain their sovereign rights both in domestic and external affairs). Confederate states are short-lived: they or disintegrate, or turn into the federation (examples: the Swiss Union, Austria-Hungary, as well as the United States, where the state of states enshrined by the US Constitution 1787 was formed from the Confederation established in 1781).

Most states of the Unitary states. Federations are only 24 states today (Table 4).

The British royal family may be the most famous, but far from the only one. In fact, there are 43 countries where the monarchy exists. Yes, 43 different countries that manage 28 royal families (some are under the authority of one monarch).

Today we have gathered the gallery of royal families around the world. What are you waiting for? Wear a fake crown, prepare your tea and start reading!

United Kingdom: Queen Elizabeth II

Image source: GETTI / Samir Hussein

Long live the queen! The Queen of Elizabeth II became the longest monarch in the United Kingdom since 1952. In addition, the Queen is a monarch of the Commonwealth from 15 countries - Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda , Belize, Saint Kits and Nevis.

Monarch in the UK is the head of state, but the ability to create laws still belongs to the election parliament.

Because they are the most outstanding royal family, you may already know that the Queen Elizabeth II four children with her husband Prince Philipp, 8 grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.

Saudi Arabia: King Salman

The head of Saudi Arabia is the King Salman Ben Abdel Aziz Al Saud. Since Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, Salman is not only a monarch of the country, but also the Prime Minister. Salman became king in 2013 at the age of 79, after his consolidated brother King Abdullah (who was 90 years old) died. According to Washington postAlthough Saudi Arabia is currently managed by the hereditary king, all future kings will be chosen by the Saudi Princes Committee, founded in 2006.

Kuwait: Emir Sheikh Sabah Izh Al-Ahmad al-Sabah

Image source: GETTI / Pool

Sabah Ahmed As-Sabah has been engaged in Kuwait politics for many years. He was the Prime Minister in 2003, and in 2006 he became an emir (or king) of the country. Although Sabah manages the country for more than ten years, in fact he was not next in line on the throne. He took this position, because the heir was not able to fulfill the oath due to health problems. Currently, he is the head of the royal family and the commander of Kuwaiti armed forces. Sabah has four children and he is 88 years now.

Liechtenstein: Prince Hans Adam II

Image source: GETTI / Sean Gallup

As the eldest son of Prince Joseph II and Princess Gina, Prince Hans-Adam II inherited Trone Liechtenstein after his father's death in 1989. Surprisingly, Prince Hans Adam - the first prince of Liechtenstein actually rose in Liechtenstein, and he is the 15th ruler of the country.

The prince is married on the Countess Marie Kinski from Sniczing and Tettau, and the couple has four children, three sons and one daughter. Their senior, the hereditary prince of Alois, was already named as the successor of his father, when he would die.

Although Prince Hans-Adam rules a small country, he is the richest prince in Europe, according to ForbesHis condition was estimated at $ 3.5 billion in 2011.

Qatar: Emir Tamim Bin Hamad Al Tanya

Sheikh Tamim Ben Hamad Al Tanya was named Emir Qatar in 2013 after his father renounced the throne after the 18-year-old government.

The Al Tanya family is part of the rulers' dynasty in Qatar, ruling since 1825, and many other family members occupy key posts in the government of the country, facilitating the role of Tamim as an Emir.

United Arab Emirates: President Sheikh Khalifa Ben Zaid Al-Najian, Emir Abu Dhabi

Image source: GETTI / WP Pool

The United Arab Emirates consist of seven districts, each of which is managed by an offacarious monarch, known as Emir. Emir Abu Dhabi is the President of the Federation, and, consequently, the monarch to which other districts obey. The current Emir of Abu Dhabi (and the President of the United Arab Emirates) is Calipa Ben Zayid Al Najiani, who took office in 2004 after the death of his father. He has eight children, which means that the throne (and the presidency) should remain in the family for many years.

Netherlands: King Villem-Alexander

In 2013, King Villem-Alexander (left) replaced his mother, Queen Beatrix, as a monarch of the Netherlands, when she decided to renounce the throne. Because Holland has a bipotable parliament, he does not manage directly, but he has the power of the President of the State Council.

King Villem-Alexander is married to Queen Maxima, and they have three children, Princess Catharina-Amalia, Princess Alexy and Princess Ariana.

According to dutch newsThe royal family costs taxpayers about 40 million euros per year, not including security, which makes the Dutch monarchy of one of the most expensive in Europe.

Swaziland: King Msvati III

Image source: GETTI / BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI

Swaziland may not be a big country, but the King of MSUTI III has a lot of power. MSUTI took the throne at the age of 18 (in 1983) after the death of his father. Being the King of Swaziland, he appoints a parliament, although some of his members are elected by popular voting. MSUTI, who is now 49 years old, is known for having many wives: on the 14th he married in September 2017, according to Africa news.

According to reports, the king divorced three wives throughout his time as a monarch and has more than 30 children.

Brunei: Sultan Sir Muda Hassanal Bolkiy Mizazadin Vaddaula

Image source: GETTI / Suhaimi Abdullah

Sultan Brunei is known as Hassanal Bolkhah - despite the fact that his name is much longer than that. He assumed a small country in 1967 and since then was the monarch and head of government. In 2016, Hassanal Bolkheakh is considered the richest monarch in the world, and he has a big, expensive collection of cars to prove it. According to the publication, its Majesty earns almost $ 100 per second from oil revenues (and other investments), which is about $ 2 billion a year, which constitutes a total amount of about 20 billion dollars.

Sultan has 13 children (from many different wives) to divide this wealth.

Sweden: King Karl XVI Gustav

Image Source: Ghetty / Patrick Wang Kauta

King Carl XVI Gustav went to the throne in 1973, when he was only 27 years old. His board was described in 2010, when a book was issued, which argued that the king had a novel with the Swedish Nigerian singer and participated in the underground nightclub-jacuzzi in the 1990s.

Despite the scandal, the king still remains the head of Sweden and married to the Queen of Sylvia (since 1976). Together they have three children. The eldest is the Crown Princess Victoria, which will take the throne when her father decides to resign or, more likely when he dies. King also has two other children - Princess Madeleine and Prince Karl Philipp.

Kronz-Princess Victoria has two own children - Princess Estel (5 years old) and Prince Oscar (1 year old) with her husband Prince Daniel Westling.

Oman: Sultan Cabus Ben Said

Image source: GETTI / -

In 1970, Sultan Kabus Bin Said came to power after the overthrow of his father, who was known as the "rejection". Sultan Cabs - the longest ruling Arabic leader, and yet after an unsuccessful marriage he has no direct heirs, which is very interesting. Despite its bachelor's status, Sultan Cabus is a real father of his country, he has improved the economy and the standard of living of people throughout its entire board.

It rarely appears in public these days, but he still holds all the important titles in the Oman government, being the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Defense, Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Central Bank.

Bahrain: King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa

Image source: GETTI / Mandel Ngan

King Hamad Ben Isa Al Khalifa was named Emir Bahrain in 1999, when his father, Isa Ben Salman Al Khalifa, died. In 2002, Hamad declared himself a monarch, becoming the first king of Bahrain in the history of the country. His family, however, rules the country since 1783 and has always had a lot of power.

King Hamad has 12 children from several wives.

Vatican: Pope Francis

Image source: GETTI / Franco Origlia

We know what you think: this is Pope, he is a religious leader and the head of the Roman Catholic Church. And you will be right. But Dad Francis is also considered a monarch of the Vatican, which is the European city-state.

The Vatican State is an absolute monarchy, and Dad is his chapter (king, technically). It has a full legislative, executive and judiciary. When Dad is dying, and the other is not named, the country is controlled by the Cardinal College, which ultimately calls the following dad / king / ruler in a single face.

Jordan: King Abdullah II

In Jordan, the King Abdullah II since 1999, when he climbed the throne after his father's death, King Hussein. The King Abdullah is married to the Queen of the Rania of Jordanian, and their elder child (one of four), the son named Hussein, the Crown Prince of Jordan, is going to take the throne when his father leaves him.

The King Abdullah and his relatives argue that they are direct descendants of the Prophet Mohammed, which makes it the 41st descendant of the founder of the Islamic faith.

Morocco: King Mohammed VI

Image source: GETTI / Cristof Morne / IP3

In 1999, King Mohammed Vi climbed the throne after the death of his father King Hassan II. Mohammed is married to Princesse Lalale Salma, and they have two children - the son of the Crown Prince Mula Hassan and the daughter of Princess Lall Hadija. Official title Mohammed - "His Majesty King Mohammed Sixth, Lord of Orthodox, God forbid him victory."

Monaco: Prince Albert II

Image source: GETTI / Pascal Le Segretain

Prince Alber II rules in Monaco since 2005. He is the son of Prince Rainier III and Princess Grace (actress Grace Kelly). He married Charlin Whittstock and gave birth to her two children - the twins Princess Gabriella Teresu Marie and Prince Jacques Onor Rainier. Prince Albert has two more children with two other women.

Monaco is a sovereign principality, but it also has a selected legislative body. Prince Albert, however, appoints a state minister and has some political power.

Thailand: King Mach Vajiralongcorn

Image source: GETTI / AFP

At the age of 64, the Maha King Vajiralongcorn Bodrudejädjarangkun (do not break the language!) I became the 10th Monarch of the Chakry Dynasty. According to the BBC, it is also known as Rama H. \u200b\u200bKing Vajiralongcorn became the ruler of Thailand after his father, King Bhumball Aduvuls, died in 2016. He was the longest ruling monarch in the world. He ruled the country for seven decades since 1946 and ending 2016. Even the queen of Elizabeth II did not survive him. But she was still in the right mind and quite healthy.

Tonga: King Stupid VI

Image Source: GETTI / Edwina Sickle / Fairfax Media

The king of Tonga was not the son of his predecessor. Stupid VI was the brother of the late King George Tupid V, who did not have legal heirs when he died in 2012. The King Stupid VI is actually married to Nanasipau Tukuaho and has three children, so that his legacy will continue.

Norway: King Harald V

Image Source: Ghetty / Patrick Wang Kauta

King Harald V is the third child of King Olaf V and Queen Marta, but he climbed the throne when his father died in 1991, because he was the only heir. Although he had two senior sisters, they, in accordance with the Norwegian Constitution of 1814, could not be heirs because of their gender. Only in 1990 (once Harald V was already named the successor) the Constitution was changed to make a senior child, regardless of the floor following the turn on the throne.

Since King Harald V and his wife, Queen Sonya, had his children before entering into force the change of the Constitution, their eldest, the daughter of the Princess Martha, which was born in 1971, could not be the next monarch. Instead, her younger brother, Crown Prince Haacon, born in 1973, the next in line, followed by his firstborn, who is a girl (Hurray!). Prince Haakona has three children (one adopted), two boys and one girl with his wife Princess Merit.

The best in the Norwegian royal family is that she is rooted in love. Back in the 60s, the current king refused to marry the princess and married the daughter of the clothing merchant - commonly across. According to the official site of Norway, the current king and queen secretly met for nine years before they were allowed to get married, and the rest-history!

Bhutan: King Dzhigme Kzezar Namgyal Wangchuk

Image Source: Getti / Raveendran

In Bhutan, King Jigme Jesar Namgiel Wangchuk is known as Druk Gyalpo, which means "the King of Dragons", which is quite cool. He was officially crowned in 2008 after making most of the royal duties in 2006, when his father was renounced by the throne. The king of Jigme was only 26 years old, when he came to power, but his father was only 16 years old when he became king, so young blood is a kind of trend in the royal family of Bhutan.

King Dzhigme Father made Bhutan constitutional monarchy, and today's king followed his footsteps, keeping the world and taking advantage of the love of the inhabitants of their country.

The king, however, caused a big stir, when he married a common hat in 2011. But after he officially tied himself to a marriage with Jetsun, the people in the end, approved. Together with a happy couple there is one son, Jigme Namgiel Wangchuk, who was born in February 2016 and is now the heir to the throne.

Lesotho: King Letnis III

Image source: GETTI / Chris Jackson

King Letsa III was in power formally since 1996 (and informally since 1990). Although he has no political power, but is the official face of Lesotho, it is described as a "living symbol of national unity."

Belgium: King Philip

Image Source: Ghetty / Patrick Wang Kauta

The king of Philip climbed to the Belgian throne in July 2013 after the renunciation of his father, King Albert II. The king is married to Queen Matilde (they got married in 1999), and they have four children: Princess Elizabeth, Prince Gabriel, Prince Emmanuel and Princess Eleanor.

In 1991, the Constitution was changed to allow a woman to climb the throne, which means that the heir of the Belgian monarchy is the eldest daughter of Princess Elizabeth.

Malaysia: Mohammed V

Image source: GETTI / Manan Watsyana

In 2016, Sultan Muhammad V became the 15th king and got the name Jan di Perratuan Agong, which means: "The one who became the Lord."

The predecessor of Muhammad, Sultan Abdul Halim Mu Adzam Shah, is the king twice. Once in the 1970s and again from 2011 to 2016. The Board of Sultan is likely to last five years, which is the norm for any Malaysian king (which is always part of the elected monarchist system), and its role, rather, ceremonial.

Spain: King Felipe VI

Image source: GETTI / Carlos Alvarez

In 2014, King Juan Carlos surprised his country, renounced the throne after 39 years of service. He called his son Felipe with the new King of Spain, and less than three weeks later Felipe VI became the monarch and head of the Spanish army.

King Juan Carlos is currently married to the Queen of Leticia, and together they have two daughters: Leonor, Princess Asturiaskaya, which is the heiress of the throne (11 years old) and her younger sister, Princess Sofia (now 10 years old).

Cambodia: King Nodod Siamoni

Image source: GETTI / AFP

Cambodia is one of many countries with the ceremonial king. King Nodod Sichameni took part in 2004 after the Royal Trone Tama Thailand chose him (which is customary with any new king).

He, probably, an unconventional choice, because he was a professional dancer who lived most of his life in France, but he won the case.

Luxembourg: Great Duke Henri

Image source: GETTI / Max Mambi / Indigo

In the 1800s, the King of the Netherlands established, the Great Duchy of Luxembourg, and in 1839 people received their independence. In 1890, Luxembourg became a great duchy, and therefore their monarchy is headed by the duke, and not the king.

Since then, the direct descendants of the first duke of Adolf ruled Luxembourg. The last ruler is the Grand Duke of Henri, who climbed the throne in 2000, and since he has five children, the heritage will continue after him. The Grand Principality may have a sovereign, but his power is in the hands of the nation. The Great Duke of Henri should rule "the sovereign reigns, but not rules."

Japan: Akihito Emperor

Image source: GETTI / MIN HOANG

Japan's dynasty Yamato dates back to 660 and its current ruler is the Emperor Akihito. He reigned since 1989 and will be the first ruler of Japan over the past two centuries, which will be allowed to renounce the throne in December 2018 (to achieve its 85th anniversary).

Akihito will give the throne to his older son, the heated Prince of Nickito.

Denmark: Queen Margret II

Reading historical novels with the unchanging presence of states managed by kings, emperors, pharaohs, shagians, sultans, great princes and dukes, it seems that this is all the distant past. Generations brought up on an atheistic, socialist and incomprehensible what is the idea now, Russian citizens have forgotten that around the world, the monarchy is still strong - power from God. In different states, it, but still legitimate, respected by the majority of their people. In which countries the monarchy has been preserved, as hard she keeps power in the changed conditions, this article will tell.

The rulers of Europe, the Middle East

The undoubted leader of the monarchs of the whole world on authority, duration of the term on the throne, the power of his country with the dominions throughout the planet, over which the sun still does not enjoy, is the Queen of Great Britain, the head of the British Commonwealth of the Nations of Elizabeth II. She rules since 1952.

An interesting fact that the representative of the ruling dynasty is not only the Supreme Commander, but also the head of the Anglican Church. Apparently, the monarchs from the windsor iron decide not only worldly problems, but also the affairs of a religious sense, without leaving nothing without its control.

Despite the authoritarianism of Elizabeth II, the question is in which countries the absolute monarchy does not apply to it. In the UK - parliamentary monarchy, when in this case the Power of the Queen is limited by the Constitution, it fulfills, mainly representative functions. That's just something believes in it with difficulty.

The parliamentary type of constitutional monarchy is also in Denmark - since 1972 Queen Magnet II, Sweden - since 1973 King Karl XVI Gustav.

Kings rulers as well:

• Spain - Philip VI (since 2014).
• Netherlands - Villem-Alexander (since 2013).
• Belgium - Philip (since 2013).
• Norway - Harald V (since 1991).

In Monaco since 2005, Prince Albert II rules. Curious situation in Andorra - here two co-guards: Prince Joan Enric Voves-I-Sisilla since 2003 and French President Francois Holland since 2012.

In general, the European democracy against the background of the celebration of the monarchist building, which came from the depths of centuries, produces a rather strange impression. Despite the presence of parliaments, other elected government institutions, the monarchs of many European countries are not decorative, but with real rulers, respected, loved by their peoples.

In which countries is the absolute monarchy? Basically, these are the countries of the Middle East, such as:

• Oman;
• Qatar;
• Saudi Arabia.

Here the monarchs have truly unlimited power like the rulers of the past, having the opportunity to execute and prevent, lead the country, conslave only with his own opinion. Probably, to give a hint of new democratic trends, in some of these countries, people sometimes can express their aspirations through advisory organizations.

Monarchs of the new light

The form of the board in many countries opened by Europeans and named by the new light, long ago and often before the states of the old world, have already been controlled alone with local razhas, sultans, emirs, as well as kings and emperors.

In which countries the monarchy has been preserved today:

• Japan. Emperor Akihito. Rules since 1989. Wants to make up the powers due to health.
• Malaysia. King Abdul Halim Merizam Shah.
• Cambodia. Rubles King Nodom Siamoni.
• Brunei. Sultan Hassanal Bolkheakh.

Those who visited Thailand, known with what respect and love the inhabitants of the country belong to their monarch. When an attempt was to legally limit his power, a political crisis broke out in the country, barely ended with a civil war. Recently, in October 2016, the king of the thump edge, which ruled by Thailand since 1946, passed away, was declared annual mourning in the country.

Answers to a question - in which countries the monarchy has been preserved - often very unexpected, give food for reflection. It turns out that half of the world lives under the "swelling" of the sole rulers, but not only does not create Marxist circles, the printing of proclamations calling for the overthrow of tyranans, and sincerely loves its monarchs, members of the ruling dynasties. For example, in the UK, Thailand, and and.

- (Greek, from Monos one, and Archo manage). Unique state, i.e., where one person, monarch manages the state. A dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. Greek monarchy. Monarchia, from Monos, one, and ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Monarchy (from Greek. Μον κρχία) One of the forms of monocracy of the single-heaters and the name of the state system, at the head of which is the monarch. From other forms of monocracy (dictatorship, presidential rule, party leadership) ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

Monarchy - (from gr. Monarchia unintelligence; eng. Monarchy) The form of the board, in which, unlike the oligarchy and democracy, the Supreme State of the Power focuses in the hands of the sole chapter of the state ... Encyclopedia Rights

- (MONARCHIA MONARCHIA) Form of the Board, in which the head of state is the monarch. In the modern world, two historical types of M. Absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy are preserved. The latter exists in two species that differ ... Legal vocabulary

The form of the board, in which the Supreme State Power belongs to the monarch (king, prince, Sultan, Shah, Emir) and is inherited. The monarchy can be absolute when the power of the monarch is almost not limited (Brunei, Bahrain, Qatar, ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia

Monarchy, monarchy, wives. (Greek. Monarchia Unintelligence) (Book, Polit.). The most despotic, dominant in the era of feudalism, the form of state rule, in which the supreme power belongs to one person, the monarch; Uniform ... ... ... Explanatory Dictionary Ushakov

- (Greek. MONARCHIA - one-sized) is one of the forms of state rule. The essential characteristic of the monarchy is a concentration, concentration in the hands of one person - the monarch - the supreme power, which is inherited. Distinguish ... ... Political science. Vocabulary.

Monarchy - Monarchy ♦ Monarchie The power of one person, but subordinate to the laws (in contrast to despotism, which does not recognize any norms and rules). When these laws themselves depend on the will of the monarch (hereinafter referred to as autocrat), we are talking about absolute ... ... Philosophical Dictionary Sponville

Wives. Breeding, where the supreme power in the hands of one person, the believance of the monarchical, one or the self. | The state is monarchical. Russian monarchy. Monarch husband. Unique sovereign or autocrat. Monarchine wives. self-container; Spouse ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Daly

Absolutism, despotus, autocracy, kingdom, monocracy dictionary of Russian synonyms. Monarchy Sostor., Number of synonyms: 5 Absolutism (7) ... Synonym dictionary

Monarchy, the state whose head is the monarch (for example, the king, the king, Shah, Emir, Kaiser), receiving power, as a rule, in the order of inheritance. There are unlimited (absolute) monarchy and limited (so-called ... ... Modern encyclopedia

Books

• Monarchy or Republic? Imperial letters to the neighbor, Smolin Mikhail Borisovich. Mikhail Smolina "Monarchy or Republic?" Consists of texts based on the transmission of the White Word, which the author led on the Tsargrad TV channel. At the heart of the book - answers to ...
• State of honor. Monarchy - the future of Russia, Shafran Anna. Since the most pressing, mankind is looking for a response to the question: what form of government is closest to the ideal? Winston Churchill expressed his thought according to which the best government device than ...