Oblomov's dream and its meaning. The meaning of the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" in the novel. What role does Oblomov's dream play in revealing the character of the hero? What role does Oblomov's dream play? Oblomovka - laziness serf reserve
"Oblomov's Dream". The originality of the episode and its role in the novel "
Oblomov's Dream is a special chapter of the novel. "Oblomov's Dream" tells about the childhood of Ilya Ilyich, about his influence on Oblomov's character. Oblomov's Dream shows his native village Oblomovka, his family, according to which they lived in the Oblomov estate. Oblomovka is the name of two villages owned by the Oblomovs. People in these villages lived the same way as their great-grandfathers lived. They tried to live in isolation, to isolate themselves from the whole world, they were afraid of people from other villages. Oblomovka's people believed in fairy tales, legends and omens. In Oblomovka there were no thieves, there were no destruction and storms, everything was sleepy and quiet. The whole life of these people was monotonous. Oblomovtsi believed that it was a sin to live differently. The landowners Oblomovs lived in the same way.
Oblomov's father was lazy and apathetic, he sat at the window all day or walked around the house.
Oblomov's mother was more active than her husband, she watched the servants, walked around the garden with her retinue, asked various jobs for the courtyard. All this was reflected in the character of Ilya Ilyich. Since childhood, he was raised like an exotic flower, so he grew slowly and got used to being lazy. His attempts to do something himself were constantly suppressed. The only time when Oblomov was free and could do whatever he pleased was the time of general sleep. At this time Oblomov ran around the yard, climbed the dovecote and the gallery, watched and studied various phenomena, explored the world around him. If this initial activity began to develop, then perhaps Oblomov would become an active person. But the prohibitions of his parents to do anything himself led to the fact that later the breakdowns became lazy and apathetic, he could not go to Oblomovka, change his apartment, lived in a dusty, not washed room and was completely dependent on Zakhar's servant.
In Oblomovka, the nanny told Ilya Ilyich fairy tales in which he believed throughout his life. Fairy tales have shaped the poetic character of the Russian people. This character manifested itself in the relationship with Olga. For some time he was able to drown Oblomov's laziness and apathy, to return Oblomov to an active life. But after a while, due to everyday trifles, the poetic spirit again began to weaken and gave way to Oblomov's laziness.
The Oblomovs did not like books and believed that reading was not a necessity, but a luxury and entertainment. The Oblomovs did not like the doctrine either. And therefore, Ilya Ilyich attended school somehow. The Oblomovs found all sorts of excuses not to take Ilya Ilyich to school and because of this they quarreled with the teacher Stolz. His son Andrei Stolts became friends with Oblomov, who became his lifelong friend. At school, Andrei helped Oblomov do his homework, but this developed laziness in Oblomov. Subsequently, Stolz fought this laziness for a long time and stubbornly, but unsuccessfully.
I believe that the role of this episode is to show how Oblomov's Russian poetic character is formed, the reasons for the appearance of Oblomov's laziness and apathy, the environment in which Ilya Ilyich was brought up, the appearance of Oblomov's versatile image. Oblomov could not be “lifted off the couch” because Oblomov had money and well-being from birth and he did not need Stolz's activities. Oblomov needed a poetic ideal, which Olga Ilyinskaya gave him for a while. But after Oblomov broke off relations with her, he returned to his usual apathy and laziness. With whom he died a few years later.
The chapter in question plays in the novel by I.A. Goncharova an important compositional role. The dream described in it largely explains the character of the protagonist, his attitude to reality, helps to understand the origins of Oblomovism - a phenomenon that ruined a person with a kind heart and an open soul.
So, the hero dreams of the Oblomovka of his childhood. It appears before us as a kind of oasis, a kind of island, cut off from the rest of the world. The inhabitants of this paradise do not know the storms of life and feel absolutely protected. In Oblomovka they do not even know the fear of death: "Everything promises there a deceased, long-term life to yellow hair and imperceptible, sleep-like death."
Attention is drawn to the regularity of existence in Oblomovka. Life here goes in a circle - just like the natural phenomena observed by the Oblomovites from year to year are repeated. Time in Oblomovka seemed to have stopped.
The isolation of Oblomovka from the rest of the world led to the fact that no news from the outside penetrated it, and therefore its inhabitants had no one to compare themselves with and they did not think about the meaning of life, never asked themselves unnecessary questions. Their ideal was that one day would be like another: "today is like yesterday, yesterday is like tomorrow." The main concern of the inhabitants of Oblomovka was tasty and plentiful food: the discussion of dishes for the upcoming dinner was the main event of the day.
In my opinion, Oblomovka, dreamed of by Ilya Ilyich, is itself a sleepy kingdom, both literally and figuratively. An afternoon nap in Oblomovka is a picture that makes you remember the tale of a sleeping beauty: everyone falls where they sleep. And this was the only time when a child - he alone was awake among sleeping adults - could satisfy his curiosity about the world around him.
The sleepy life of the Oblomovites was not disturbed by any incidents. There were no robberies, no murders, no other "terrible accidents" here. In exactly the same way, the inhabitants of Oblomovka were not worried about "either strong passions or courageous enterprises."
Thus, isolation from the active world, vegetative existence, lack of spiritual needs - these are the features of the environment in which the character of the hero was formed. Perhaps life in Oblomovka seems attractive in its own way (Oblomov's dream is subtly colored by the poetry of childhood), but, of course, such an atmosphere is destructive for a developing soul.
Plunging into his dream together with Oblomov, we trace the life of the hero from the very beginning and see that, as a child, he, like all children, was restless and inquisitive. However, adults extinguished all his impulses, protecting the boy from possible dangers, forming in him a contemptuous attitude towards work for the sake of his daily bread (work in Oblomovka was considered a punishment written in the family), instilling a misconception about life.
The nanny told little Ilya not about heroes and not about heroes - her fairy tales spoke of a country where "rivers of honey and milk flow, where no one does anything all year round." In other nanny's tales, terrible ghosts, the dead and werewolves acted, which sowed longing and fearfulness in the soul of an impressionable boy in relation to the world around him. So he grew up to be a heavy and timid person, although in his younger years, like many, he dreamed of an active life.
After reading the chapter "Oblomov's Dream", we understand that the characteristic features of the hero's personality: timidity and laziness, impracticality and helplessness in front of life - take their origins in his childhood. The trouble that killed Oblomov bears the name of his family. Oblomovism is a special state of mind, in which the will is paralyzed, and the feelings do not find a way out.
“He died, disappeared for nothing,” Stolz summed up his life. A good person was of no use in life - what could be more tragic! It remains to think that Oblomov's son is destined for a different fate.
Ticket number 14.
It is the "Dream" that is felt as the "focus" of the novel, concentrating its main motives. This is generally the purpose of insertion elements (insertion episodes, retrospections, short stories, parables, plot letters or stories, memoirs, and so on) in fiction since ancient times. These plug-in elements sometimes contain a special code for reading the whole, as well as a hint of the genre originality of the entire structure. Such is the “tale” about the eagle and the raven in “ Captain's daughter”,“ Poem ”about Captain Kopeikin in“ Dead Souls ”, the story told by Karataev in“ War and Peace ”and so on.
Speaking about Goncharov's novel, we can consider the dream both as a motive and also as an element of the frame composition, since before Oblomov's last meeting with Stolz Oblomov again “dreams” that he is listening to the nanny's tales as a little boy in Oblomovka. The awakening, as in the first part of the novel, is associated with the arrival of Stolz, which symbolizes the role of Stolz in Oblomov's life.
Let us recall the functions of oneirotopics (images of dreams in works of art - from the Greek oneiros - dream and topos - place). The dream reveals the hero's past or predicts the future (Grinev's dream), is a means of psychological characterization and even creates a special image of the world: “it is at this point that the narration appears to be on the verge of two worlds ... the author here informs the reader of a mystical event plan ... "Lermontova)" (G.Lesskis). All these functions intersect in Oblomov's dream, and they need to be considered. We also add that the motive of sleep in Goncharov's novel is combined with the motive of dreams, a daydream; Goncharov understood sleep in the English spirit as “dream” (this word means both a dream and a dream). Oblomov, like Don Quixote, lives with a dream and his own noble fantasy. There is one more function of "Oblomov's Dream", which cannot be ignored, but first let us think about the second topic related to this fragment and indicated by a quote from the article by A.V. Druzhinin "Oblomov, without his" Dream "...".
Fortunately, for all the shortcomings of quotation formulations, this topic does not offer a vague "analysis", but a search for an answer to a specific question: why does Goncharov's hero become closer and more understandable to the reader when the reader learns the content of the dream? The task is narrowed, the direction of the search is set, but the formulation of the topic presupposes acquaintance (and by no means superficial!) With the excellent article by Druzhinin. This somewhat contradicts the "Standards", which indicate that familiarity with Druzhinin's article (and even then limited to "fragments") is mandatory only for the "profile level" of graduates. However, the Topic List does not say anything about special topics for specialized classes.
Why is Druzhinin's article important for understanding Oblomov's sleep? First of all, by the fact that it proposes to pay attention to the “Flemish” everyday life of the “Dream”; in the opinion of the author of the article, "all the little things of the situation are necessary, all are legal and beautiful." "Or for idle amusement all sorts of artists ... piled up on their canvas a lot of small details?" - asks Druzhinin, remembering the Flemings. The answer to this question is the key to solving the "Dream": it is the "little things", the details that clarify the "higher tasks" (Druzhinin) of the novel.
Having pondered over these "little things", we cannot but look for an answer to the question why in "Oblomov's Dream" there is such a great concentration of mythological, biblical, fabulous epic images. To reveal their meaning, you need to have extraordinary erudition (the complexity of the topic is also in this!), But it's worth trying. And most importantly, these images are formed into mythological models of the world, between which Goncharov establishes certain connections. So, Ilya Muromets, as you know, lay on the stove for thirty-three years before starting his exploits (which serves as a model for Ilyusha Oblomov). Another hero from whom Oblomov “makes life” is the famous Emelya, who was blessed by the good sorceress Pike. Ilya's day will also be mentioned, because the life of Ilya Oblomov will resemble the life of the prophet Ilya. Prophet Ilya was sent by God to the distant Sarepta of Sidon (as Oblomov will be thrown from the center of St. Petersburg to the distant Vyborg side). “I commanded a widow woman there to feed you,” God said to the prophet Elijah. Pshenitsyn's widow will turn out to be that kind Pike or Sidonian widow, or maybe - Militrisa Kirbitievna (V. Zvinyatskovsky). “No prophet is accepted in his own country,” as the Gospel says. So Ilya Oblomov in his fatherland, in the St. Petersburg noble circle, even from Olga and Stolz, did not at all receive a tenth of the adoration that Agafya surrounded him with.
Oblomov "met with unanimous recognition, but opinions about the meaning of the novel were sharply divided. N. A. Dobrolyubov, in his article" What is Oblomovism? " symbolizing laziness, inaction and stagnation of the entire serf system of relations. He is the last in a series of "superfluous people" - Onegins, Pechorins, Beltovs and Rudins. Like his older predecessors, Oblomov is infected with a fundamental contradiction between word and deed, daydreaming and practical worthlessness. Oblomov has brought the typical complex of an "extra person" to a paradox, to a logical end, followed by the decay and death of a person.
The novel reveals the complex relationship between slavery and lordship. "It is clear that Oblomov is not a dull, apathetic nature," writes Dobrolyubov.
When I find myself in a circle of educated people who ardently sympathize with the needs of mankind and for many years with unremitting fervor have been telling all the same (and sometimes new) anecdotes about bribery, oppression, and all kinds of iniquities, I involuntarily feel that I moved to the old Oblomovka ", - writes Dobrolyubov.
This is how one point of view on Goncharov's novel Oblomov, on the origins of the character of the protagonist, developed and strengthened. But already among the first critical responses a different, opposite assessment of the novel appeared. It belongs to the liberal critic AV Druzhinin, who wrote the article Oblomov, a novel by Goncharov. "
Druzhinin also believes that the character of Ilya Ilyich reflects the essential aspects of Russian life, that "Oblomov" was studied and recognized by a whole people, predominantly rich in Oblomovism. " his snail: all this strict trial of the hero shows one superficial and transient pickiness. Oblomov is kind to all of us and is worth boundless love. "
Oblomov's Dream is a kind of semantic and compositional key to the entire novel. The dream of the inhabitants of Oblomovka, a heroic, mighty dream - this is what largely determined Oblomov's inability to do real work, what prevented the potential of his crystal, "pigeon" soul from being realized.
The ninth part of Goncharov's novel Oblomov begins in a very peculiar way. The author describes that "blessed corner of the earth" into which Oblomov's dream takes us. It is said about this corner that "there is nothing grandiose, wild and gloomy", that is, there is no sea, mountains, rocks, abysses and dense forests. All this could cause some trouble, inconvenience to the inhabitants of the region.
In this corner of paradise, everything is saturated with love, tenderness, care. IA Goncharov argues that if, for example, there was a sea there, tranquility would be impossible, let alone in Oblomovka. There is silence, tranquility, there is no mental anguish that could arise due to the presence of any element. Everything is silent, as if frozen in time, in its development. Everything is created for the convenience of a person, so that he does not bother himself with anything. Nature there, as it were, made a schedule for itself and strictly follows it.
Of course, this chapter has great importance, it helps to penetrate into Oblomov's inner world, get to know him better, understand his condition. After all, a lot depends on the upbringing of a person, on the environment in which he lived in childhood. Here we can clearly see that in Oblomovka the parents and, in general, everyone around him suppressed all the aspirations, impulses of Ilya to do something on their own. At first the boy did not like it, but then he got used to being so carefully looked after, surrounded with unlimited love and care, protected from the slightest danger, from work and from anxiety.
Around himself Oblomov sees only "peace and silence", sheer calm and serenity - both in the inhabitants of Oblomovka and in nature itself.
Oblomov's Dream clearly shows Oblomovka's isolation from the outside world. A good example of this is the case of a man in a ditch, whom Oblomovka residents refused to help just because he was not from here. There is a contrast between how people treat each other in this village, with what tenderness and sympathy they care for each other, and how indifferent they are to people who live outside their world. The principle by which they act sounds something like this - excessive isolation and fear of everything new.
This, to a certain extent, formed Oblomov's position: "Life gets it." He believes that life "touches him" everywhere, does not allow him to exist peacefully in his little world, the hero cannot understand why this is happening, because in Oblomovka everything is different. This habit, which is that it is possible to live in a state isolated from the outside world, remains with him from childhood for the rest of his life. Throughout his entire existence, he tries to isolate himself from the outside world, from any of its manifestations. It is not for nothing that I.A. Goncharov describes his protagonist in such a way that one gets the impression that external life for Oblomov does not exist, as if physically he had already died: “If not for this plate, but not for the newly smoked pipe leaning against the bed, or not the owner himself, lying on it, then one would think that no one lives here - everything was so dusty, faded and generally devoid of traces of human presence. " It was obvious that Oblomov was trying to create the same atmosphere as in Oblomovka, since the furniture in the room stood solely in order to "observe the appearance of inevitable decency", and the rest was all created for convenience, take at least a dressing gown and slippers, which described by Goncharov in order to show how everything makes life easier for the owner. In the end, Oblomov nevertheless finds his paradise, achieves the long-awaited peace, living with Pshenitsyna, who, as it were, fences him off from external life, just like Oblomov's parents in childhood, she surrounds him with care, attention, affection, perhaps, herself at first without realizing it. She intuitively understands what he is striving for, and provides him with everything he needs for life. Oblomov realized that he had nothing more to strive for: “Peering, pondering over his life and settling in it more and more, he finally decided that he had nowhere else to go, nothing to look for, that the ideal of his life had come true”.
Thanks to Pshenitsyna, that unconscious fear of life, which Oblomov had, again, from childhood, disappeared. A vivid confirmation of this can be considered the case described in the chapter “Oblomov's Dream”, when a letter comes to Oblomovka from an old acquaintance.
The inhabitants of the house did not dare to open it for several days, trying to overcome the feeling of fear. This feeling of fear came from the habit of isolation: people were afraid that their calm and serenity would be disturbed, because the news is not only good ...
Due to all these fears in childhood, Oblomov was afraid to live. Even when Ilya Ilyich fell in love with Olga and was about to marry, an unconscious fear, fear of change made itself felt. Besides, constant sensation The chosenness instilled in Oblomov at home prevented him from participating in a kind of "competition" that any life is ... that he was a "first-born nobleman" and had never put a stocking on his feet himself.
From all of the above, it follows that because of the fear of life, because of all the restrictions set for him in childhood, Oblomov could not live a full-fledged external life. He was also greatly disappointed in the service. After all, he thought that he would live like in a second family, that in the service there was the same small, cozy world as in Oblomovka.
Ilya Ilyich was, as it were, pulled out of hothouse conditions, from the kingdom of sweet dreams and placed in conditions that were acceptable
for the people of the Stolz warehouse. And when, finally, thanks to Pshenitsyna, he finds himself in familiar conditions, then there is, as it were, a connection between times, a connection between his childhood and the current time of his thirty-three-year life.
The role of "Oblomov's Dream" in understanding the meaning of the novel is enormous, since the entire conflict of external and internal life, the root of all events, lies in Oblomov's childhood, in the village of Oblomovka.
Oblomov's dream takes us to the land where he grew up, to the village of Oblomovka. In Oblomovka, a person lives comfortably and he feels himself protected. Nothing there excites human consciousness, harmony reigns in everything.
Undoubtedly, the nature of that blessed corner of the earth, that wonderful land - Oblomovka had a great influence on the broad and gentle character of Ilya Ilyich.
The sky that “ it seems closer to the ground in order to protect the chosen corner from any adversity”; the sun that “ shines brightly and hot there for about six months and then slowly, as if reluctantly, moves away from there”; those soft outlines of sloping hills, “ from which it is pleasant to ride, frolic, on the back or sitting on them, look in thought at the setting sun”; the slow, unhurried flow of lowland rivers that “ then they spill into wide ponds, then they strive with a fast thread, then they crawl a little over the pebbles, as if lost in thought”.
Nature here, like an affectionate mother, takes care of the silence, measured serenity of a person's entire life. And with her, at the same time, a special "harmony" of peasant life with a rhythmic succession of weekdays and holidays. And even thunderstorms are not terrible, but beneficial there: they “ are constantly at the same fixed time, almost never forgetting Ilyin's day, as if in order to support a well-known tradition among the people "... There are no terrible storms, no destruction in that land. The stamp of unhurried restraint also rests on the characters of people raised by the Russian mother nature.
It was this wonderful Russian nature that contributed to the development in Ilyusha of such qualities as humanity, kindness, responsiveness.
The formation of Oblomov's personality was also strongly influenced by his upbringing. That boundless love and affection with which he was surrounded and cherished since childhood, was presented to Ilya by his mother. She " showered him with passionate kisses”, Looked“ with greedy, caring eyes, whether the eyes were cloudy, something hurts, whether he was sleeping peacefully, whether he woke up at night, whether he thrashed about in his sleep, whether he had a fever ”.
“The mother will take Ilya's head, put it on her lap and slowly comb his hair, admiring its softness and forcing others to admire it, talking to them about her son's future, makes him the hero of some brilliant epic she has created”.
Probably, this excessive love of the mother had a detrimental effect on Oblomov. But it was she who brought up the main features of the national character in the hero. Although Ilyusha's life also featured a nanny, who also played a huge role in the formation of his personality. She often told him fairy tales, various legends, epics, invented stories. The nanny whispered to him about some unknown side, “ where there are no nights, no cold, where all miracles are performed, where rivers of honey and milk flow and where no one does anything all year round”.
But these stories and tales subsequently had a detrimental effect on Ilyusha. From childhood, the boy's imagination was inhabited by strange ghosts, fear and melancholy stuck for a long time, perhaps forever in the soul. When he became an adult, and now still, " staying in a dark room or seeing a deceased, he trembles from an ominous longing, planted in his soul in childhood”. And everyone dreams of that magical side where there is no evil, trouble, sorrow and where nothing needs to be done ...
Labor was the main enemy of Oblomovka's inhabitants. They " endured it as a punishment imposed on our forefathers, and where there was a case, they always got rid of it, finding it possible and necessary”. This attitude to work was also brought up in Ilyusha. The desire for independence, young energy was stopped by the friendly cries of the parents:
“And the servants for what? ”. Soon the hero himself realized that giving orders was calmer and more convenient.
He was surrounded by the excessive cares of his mother, who made sure that the child ate well and did not overwork while studying with I.B. Stolz. She believed that education is not such an important thing for which you need to lose weight, lose your blush and skip the holidays. Of course, Oblomov's parents understood the importance and necessity of education, but they saw in it only a means of promotion.
These are the conditions in which the apathetic, lazy and difficult nature of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov developed. He was afraid of any difficulties, he was too lazy to make even the slightest effort to solve not great, but the most urgent problems. He was ready to shift the case to anyone, not caring about his outcome and the decency of the people who were entrusted with the case. He did not even allow the thought of the possibility of deception: elementary discretion, not to mention practicality, was completely absent in Oblomov's nature.
Note
· People with patriarchal consciousness live in Oblomovka. " The norm of life was given to them ready-made by their parents, and they accepted it, also ready, from grandfather, and grandfather from great-grandfather ... As what was done with fathers and grandfathers, so was done under Father Ilya Ilyich, so, perhaps, it is done now in Oblomovka". That is why any manifestation of personal will and interests, even the simplest, like a letter, fills the souls of the Oblomovites with horror. Oblomov's dream is of great importance in the text. The origins of Oblomov's soul are revealed to us, we learn about how the formation of the personality of O. So we see the stages of development of an inferior personality, which is one example of how an unfavorable environment destroys the best human qualities in their very prime. And to understand this, you need to turn to the origins of personality formation: to childhood, upbringing, environment and, finally, to the education received.
