What is the real reasons for the transition of Kazakhstan to Latin, because 33 letters of Cyrillic are much better than 26 Latin letters, there are sounds of Kazakh speech

Kazakhstan continues to discuss the decree of the presidential presidential, who has put a point in long discussed plans for the transition of local writing on Latin. Nazarbayev repeatedly stated that the Latin was needed by Kazakhstan for the sake of "integration with the most advanced countries", but the mass of examples shows the absurdity of this argument. What are the real causes of what is happening?

"We will not go anywhere (from Russia), we have seven thousand kilometers of a common border, a joint thousand-year history. Why do we go away? " - The adviser to the Minister of Culture Gaidzolla Esim, commenting on the decree of President Nursultan Nazarbayev, who approved the next version of the new Kazakh alphabet on the basis of Latin, on the eve of the next version.

True, the doctor of philological sciences itself, a specialist in the work of the National Poet Abai Gaidzollah, quite recently wore the surname of Yesimov.

Decusification of the names - established from the beginning of the 2010 trend, using support at the Ministry of Culture. The name of the Kazakhstani president itself, however, will not change and in the new version it will look like Nursultan Nazarbaev, according to the Tengri News portal.

"In the eastern leaders of Central Asia, there is a desire to become Europe," Although they are deep in Asia, "commenting on the" Azbuty "Decree Nazarbayev, noticed in an interview with the newspaper View of the Department of the Institute of CIS Institute Vladimir Zharikhin.

"This desire was at the first president of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov. He also introduced a Latin, but since then 20 years has passed, and half of the signs in Tashkent still on Cyrillic. Somehow not set. "

In justifying his reform, Nazarbayev has repeatedly said that the Latin alphabet will help the modernization of Kazakhstan, will accelerate its integration with the most advanced countries, since Latinia prevails in the "global communication systems".

But is such a real reason? Japan copes without Latin. The presence of its own and fairly complex writing systems does not prevent such close to the Allies of the West, like Japan and South Korea, demonstrate phenomenal successes in the development of science and technology. On this topic, Latinia will bring together Kazakhstan with the Turkic world

Why Nazarbayev translates Kazakh in Latin

Nazarbayev's anti-Russian statements can not be approved, but you can understand the European Union, with which it seems to get close to Nazarbayev, there are also countries that are still writing on Cyrillic, is Bulgaria. Among the three countries that seriously apply for accession to the EU, Serbia and Macedonia are also not going to abandon Cyrillic. Preserves and proud of his writing and the Greece has long entered into the European Union.

Even among the former Soviet republics, the same Georgia, which also long and persistently knocks on the NATO door and the EU, does not intend to abandon his own unique alphabet. None even for the most pro-Western policy in Georgia will not come to mind to abandon their own ancient writing for the sake of integration with the West.

Against this background, the argument of Nazarbayev looks, to put it mildly, unconvincing.

For modernization and rapprochement with other developed countries, the alphabet is not necessary. Especially since it carries with them very unpleasant side effects. The philological features according to many philologists, for phonetically rich Turkic languages \u200b\u200bit is easier to use 33 letters of Cyrillic, rather than 26 Latin letters. Latiny is more adapted to Romance languages \u200b\u200band, to a lesser extent, German groups, but already in the Slavic languages \u200b\u200bof Eastern Europe there are problems.

It is enough to take a look at the new Turkmen or Azerbaijani alphabet with an abundance of diacritical signs ("points and hooks") to make sure not the perfect compliance with the Latiza Turkic languages. "The President thinks of his heritage and wants to enter the story as a person who created a new alphabet.

The problem is that our president is not a philologist, "said Satpayev political scientist. Member of the Commission on "Language Reform" Political analyst Aidos Sarahm (Sarymov) noticed that the new writing of Kazakh words will complicate work on the Internet: "We are going to modernize the language, but" cut off "Internet access."

Actually, the abundance of "hooks" ("Republic of Kazakhstan" was proposed to write as Qazaqstan Respy "BLI" Kasy) became a reason for the fact that from the first version of the Kazakh Latin, approved by Nazarbayev in October last year, had to hastily refuse. It is possible that the emergency refusal influenced the publication in the American newspaper. In January, New York Times interviewed Kazakhstani philologists and political scientists, many of which responded about the new alphabet not only skeptically, but also ironically.

"When we, scientists, first learned about this (alphabet version), we were all in shock," said the director of the Institute of Linguistics of the National Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, Erden Kahibek (Kazibekov). A little more than a month passed after publication in NY Times, and Kazakhstan officially represented a new, improved version of the alphabet.

What will happen to Pushkin and Abay?

"The first version of the alphabet was criticized by a number of famous scientists and philologists, therefore had to do the second. But not yet a fact, by the way, that this option will be final, "said the head of the analytical service Real Politik Talgat Mamyarayov in the commentary. "And this, by the way, he believes," says that Nazarbayev is not at all in a hurry. On the contrary, tighten this question in his interests, because the transition to Latin is more a PR project aimed at collecting political points among the Kazakh electorate and Western countries. "

But it is obvious that this "new, improved" alphabet does not remove the question that ariser earlier - what will happen to the cultural heritage of Kazakhstan, in particular, with a huge array of books issued "on Kazakh Cyrillic" since 1940 and to the present? "Of course, problems in the transition to the Latin will be. The literature that was written in Cyrillic will cease to be demanded, including for political reasons, is believed to Talgat Mamyatimov. "At the same time, those circles that are focused to the West will calmly go to Latin, and those who are focused on Russia will experience such a cultural shock."

However, as emphasized during the discussion of the language reform, the problem will be solved through new editions. Translations, let's say, Shakespeare and Pushkin will be published in the new chart, and Abay Kunanbayeva and Olzhas Suleimenov will "translate" to the new alphabet.

Mikhail Moshkin,
Andrei Constelov,
Alexey Nechaev

After the announcement by the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev on the transition of Kazakh writing to the Latin alphabet in the KazNET began hot discussions of this topic, reports.

They found both supporters of this reform and her opponents.

We decided to show readers, as and when similar reforms were introduced in neighboring states.

Uzbekistan

First of all, the Uzbek experience of the transition of writing on Latin is coming to the mind. If you go deep into history, the Uzbeks in the past were used by various written writing - an old-affairs letter, ancientness of the sovereign letter and the Turkic runes. Then after the invasion of the Arabs of Uzbeks, the Arabic alphabet moved (Afghan Uzbeks still use them).

Up to the socialist revolution and civil war in the territory of Uzbekistan, an Arab letter was used, but already in the 1920s, philologists and other specialists began to actively ratify for the transition to Latin. And in 1926, the Latin alphabet was adopted at the I Turkic Congress in Baku - Yanalip.

However, as the Soviet government strengthened in 1939, the Commission on the development of the Uzbek alphabet based on Cyrillic was created by order from above. But after the collapse of the USSR, the President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov in 1993 signed the law "On the introduction of the Uzbek alphabet based on Latin schedule".

Initially, the transition to the new alphabet was planned to complete by 2000, then the term was postponed for 2005, and then for 2010. But by 2015, the transition to the Latin alphabet in Uzbekistan was far from completion: the field of education and partially transoduce was translated into the Latin, but Newspapers and magazines continue to go to Cyrillic, about 70% of literature is printed on it. In advertising, on television and on the Internet, both Cyrillic and Latin are used on the Internet.

So the transition from Cyrillic to the Latinian in Uzbekistan has not yet been completed, but only in the process.

TURKMENISTAN

In Turkmen, as well as Uzbek, the Arabic alphabet was used to record. The Turkmen Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran are still used by Arab-based writing.

After the revolution, the specialists also began to introduce a letter to Latinet, but in the late 1930s, the process of cyrillization of writing began in the entire USSR. In January 1939, the newspaper "Sovet Tyrkmenistan" published a letter of teachers of Ashgabat and the Ashgabat district with an initiative about the transfer of Turkmen letters to the Cyrillic basis. The Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Turkmen SSR instructed the Nii of the language and literature to draw up a draft of a new alphabet. The development of a new writing was also attended by teachers of the Ashgabat Personal Institute and Print Workers. In April 1940, the alphabet project was published.

After the collapse of the USSR in the early 1990s, the issue of transition to Latin writing was raised in Turkmenistan. A new latice-based alphabet was introduced, but in the 90s the alphabet has changed twice, which affected the quality of education.

Due to the fact that the transition from Cyrillic to Latin in Turkmenistan passed quite rigidly and radically, such a sharp jump adversely affected the quality of education. For example, first-graders taught a new Latinized alphabet, but for the next year they were forced to teach and Cyrillic, since there were no new textbooks for the 2nd class. Such a situation was observed within 5-6 years from the start of the reform.

AZERBAIJAN

In Azerbaijani language there are three official alphabetical systems: in Azerbaijan - on Latineta, in Iran - on Arabica, in Russia (Dagestan) - on Cyrillic. Until 1922, Azerbaijanis used an Arab letter with additional signs characteristic of Turkic languages.

Azerbaijanis raised the question of the transition from Arab letter to Latinetsya in the middle of the 19th century. However, in fact, this happened only in 1922, and in 1925 the Latin alphabet was introduced into the formal use in parallel with Arabic.

But in May 1939, a discussion of the transition to Cyrillic began and at the end of the same turn began the transition process itself.

After independence, since 1992, a gradual transition to Latinets begins, which ended in 2001.

As for the Baltic republics, they since 1904 began to use the Latin and attempts to introduce Cyrillic were not crowned with success. Even in Soviet times in the Baltic States, the letter was on Latin.

But Turkey became the most striking example of the transition to Latin. Officially, the Turks moved to Latin back in 1928. The process of transition to the full transition took about 30 years. After all, until 1928, the Turks, like all the Turkic peoples, enjoyed the Arab alphabet. Reforms were held under the leadership of Ataturk.

Conservative and religious opponents counteracted from Arabic writing. They argued that the adoption of Latin graphics would lead to the separation of Turkey from the Greater Islamic world and will produce a substitution of traditional values \u200b\u200bfor "alien" (including European).

As an alternative option was offered the same Arabic alphabet with the introduction of additional letters to transfer the specific sounds of the Turkish language.

However, Turkey successfully coped with the transition and today is the most positive example for Turkic-speaking republics.

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Nursultan Nazarbayev said that the return of Kazakhstan to the Latin alphabet - "This is not only the exercise of the desires of our ancestors, but also the path to the future for younger generations."

President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev signed a decree that approves the new version of the alphabet of the Kazakh language based on Latin graphics. In Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan, the alphabets are already laminated.

History of the writing of the Kazakh language

Kazakh refers to the Turkic group of languages. Until 1929, Kazakhs predominantly used Arab writing. Under the Soviet government, the schedule of the Kazakh alphabet changed twice: in 1929 he was transferred to Latin, and in 1940 - to Cyrillic. Currently, the Kazakh alphabet based on Cyrillic consists of 42 letters. The main probable reasons for the transition to Cyrillic in 1940 are political.

Kazakh Cyrillica

Decree on the translation of the alphabet of the Kazakh language to Latin schedule

In October 2017, Nazarbayev signed a decree on the phased translation of the Kazakh language alphabet to the Latin schedule until 2025. At the same time, the alphabet of the Kazakh language in the Latin graphics of 32 letters was approved.

Kazakh Latina

Regarding whether the transition to Latin schedule means a change of geopolitical orientation of the country, the President of Kazakhstan said the following:

"Some of the" testimony "of the geopolitical preferences of Kazakhstan completely unreasonably saw this. Nothing like this. On this score I will say unequivocally. The transition to Latin is an internal need for the development and modernization of the Kazakh language. No need to look for a black cat in a dark room, especially if it has never been there. Let me remind you that in the 20-40s, the Kazakh language has already used Latin. In three of the fifteen Allied republics of the former USSR, until the very moment of his decay, national languages \u200b\u200bwere also in Latin. "

"... It is important to remember that in the twentieth century, a huge reservoir of the literary and scientific heritage in the Kazakh language has been developed on the basis of Cyrillic graphics. And it is important that this popular doctrine is not lost for the next generations of Kazakhstanis. We will create the State Commission on the Translation of the Kazakh Language to Latin Chart. "

Why is it in Russia for their writing and do not change it to a more common and kind of Latin's more convenient from the technical side?

Petra reforms

In Russia, attempts to translate Cyrillic to Latin were accepted repeatedly. It began in Peter I from the reform of the civil alphabet, when the Cyrillic writing was approximated to Latin and from the alphabet disappeared both "Greek" letters - KSI, Psi, Omega, and some Slavic - YUS big and small.
In addition, Peter initially threw the letters "and" and "s" from the alphabet, leaving their Latin analogs - I (and a decimal) and S (beer), but then returned. Ironically, Latin letters later disappeared from the Russian alphabet.

Reform drugproof

In the XIX century, the questions of the translation of Cyrillic on Latinita were raised mainly from Poland, who became part of the Russian Empire, explaining this "urgentness, the inconvenience of Russian font," fortunately, few people listened to them. Under Nicolae I, I was invented and inverse reform - the Polish Cyrillic, but in the end everything remained with their own.

The new impulse is crazy Latinization received after the revolution. The drugproof, under the leadership of Lunacharsky, a whole program was developed for the translation of the languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of Russia to Latin. He even received Lenin's support on this issue, since unification is one of the main components of the communist ideology. For example, in the establishment of Soviet power, a European system of measures and scales was immediately adopted, the country passed to the European calendar.

Selection of Stalin

Stalin did not like the idea of \u200b\u200bdrinking Latin in Russian, and in 1930 a brief resolution was published on this: "Suggest the Slavnayuk to stop the development of the question of the Latinization of the Russian alphabet." However, the translation of the languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the USSR to Latinus continued. In total from 1923 to 1939, more than 50 languages \u200b\u200bwere translated on Latin (in total in 1939, 72 people had writing in the USSR).
Among them were not only languages \u200b\u200bat all with writtenness and needing it, but also, for example, Komi-Zyryansky, who had already had its own Cyrillic basis, composed in the XIV century Holy Stefan Perm. But this time everything cost. After the adoption of the 1936 Constitution, it was decided to return to Cyrillic alphabets, and put the cross on the Latin.

Perestroika

After the collapse of the USSR, some who became independent republics switched to Latin. Moldova in this reform was focused on a Latinized Romania, which, by the way, had a Cyrillic writing until the end of the XIX century. They switched to the Latin alphabet and some Turkic, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, the landmark for which Turkey became.
Declares the phased transition to Latin and Kazakhstan. It is concerned that the new Ukrainian authorities are planning to transfer the Ukrainian language to the Latin alphabet.

Why not go?

First, the latice is simply not suitable for the transfer of the sound of Russian and in general Slavic languages. It has only 26 signs, in Cyrillic - 33. Slavic peoples switched to Latin, for example, Poles, it is necessary to use diacritical signs. In addition, digraphs are widespread, that is, letters having a double writing. For example, in Latinet there is no separate letter to transfer the sound "sh".
The Latin and Cyrillic vowel system is also different, vowels - Yu, I, E, E, Y - do not have Latin analogues, for their writing it will have to use either diacritical signs, or a double writing, which will complicate the language significantly.

Secondly, it is equally important that Cyrillic is part of a national cultural code. For more than a millennial history of its existence, it creates a huge number of cultural monuments. After replacing the Cyrillic on the Latin, Cyrillic texts will turn into foreign media to the texts of foreign, for their reading will require a special education.

Not only the books written in Cyrillic will have to be changed, inaccessible for reading will be all cultural monuments - from the inscriptions on icons to autographs. The new reader will not even be able to read the surname Pushkin: "U" he will admit for "Irek", "H" - for "ha", "and" for the inverted "En", the letters "P" and "sh" - just enter it in a stupor.
In general, no joy of recognition. The same applies to other nations of Russia using Cyrillic, who will lose their entire few literature, and if the translation from Cyrillic on Latin can be carried out automatically with the help of special programs, it will take many years to recreate the cultural component. The culture of such latinized peoples will actually begin with scratch.
Thirdly, writing is a kind of marker of the people, imposing his uniqueness. Bringing all alphabets to a common denominator - the peoples of this uniqueness will deprive, the next step will be the introduction of a global language, and in a globalized world, where all people speak in the same language, that is, they think almost the same, according to one schemes, it will be much more boring to live.

- Anar Muratovna, What are the main reasons for the transition of the Kazakh language to Latin?

The transitions to the Latin alphabet of other Turkic peoples were carried out on the basis of cultural or political factors. For example, Professor Ertem Rein from the Istanbul Culture University, for many years engaged in the history of the translation of the Turkish letter to Latinet, said when meeting with our scientists, that the Turks went to Latin not only because the latice compared to their former alphabet was more convenient, namely Because they wanted to fully change the country's development rate on the Europeanized path. In our case, linguists believe that the most primary factor that moves this process in Kazakhstan is to preserve the identity of the language - in our case the linguistic factor dominates. The reform of the Kazakh letter on the basis of the new Latin-based alphabet does not have any political appeal. This is a purely linguistic solution of the issue on which the future of the state language depends largely.

As you know, writing in the Kazakh people during the Soviet regime has changed repeatedly. But, it is known that no change of alphabet was the solution of the Kazakh people, everything was due to external political and historical factors. The people himself never chose these alphabets independently. Kazakh writing before the revolution was founded on the Arabic Vizia, as the traditional religion of the Kazakhs - Islam, we were part of the Muslim world, and in Arabica many centuries created a written spiritual heritage of our culture. That is why an outstanding scientist, the founder of the Kazakh linguistic science, the developer of the First National Kazakh alphabet, which in the world linguistics still at the time was recognized as the phenomenal ("Phenomenon of Baitursina"), since no alphabet of sound-letter writing in the world had such a power of codification and Unification (the first alphabet in the world, where the letters are much smaller than sounds in the language), Ahmet Baytursulyuly chose the basis of its development "Tөte Zhauz" - Arabic. However, with the strengthening of Soviet power we switched to Latin. Then, as you know, I wanted to create an international alphabet. Soviet communism was atheistic, denied religion and did everything to destroy religious identity on its territory. It was necessary to tear off the Arabic Vzci, which, as is known, is directly related to Islam. And before the Second World War, all nations in the USSR decided to translate to Cyrillic, because it was necessary to form a "nation of the Unified Soviet Union", speaking in one - Russian and Cyrillic acted as a means of such "socialization". But with the current Latin, the situation is different - this is self-determination. Kazakhstan came to this not in one year, not for one decade. This is a thoughtful decision, which the powerful support for the reform of the Kazakh letter is on Latinov, the youth of the country is provided.

- What advantages can change the alphabet?

Great advantages. The fact is that in the Soviet period, all foreign-language words included in the Kazakh language through the Russian language, he was a donor-donor of foreign language borrowing. But a strict law was approved to write and pronounce all borrowing through Russian in Russian. " Thus, the natural mechanism for adapting foreign language words based on the articulation database of the record language of the recapiner was turned off. And this is a powerful immunal device of any language. That is, any language so that it existed should have its adaptation mechanisms. They act with powerful immune language. If such a means suffers, is the likelihood that the language later turns into a creative, calcated language. In any language, foreign language words are either translated by the resources of this language, or adapt to pronunciation and writing in this language. For example, in Russian, there are a lot of borrowed words from English, German, French, but they were all adapted to the pronuncient way of Russian. They are all written as it is convenient to write Russians, are pronounced as it is convenient to pronounce Russian. For example, today no one in these British will recognize English words: accent, similar, vary, vulgar, disinform, decorate, idealetc..; Turkicism - Turkic: artel, drum, turquoise, bug, border, quiver, suitcaseetc. And in the Kazakh language, all borrowings are not only from Russian, but also from many European languages \u200b\u200band are pronounced in Russian: camp, engineer, miner, chiffonier, evolutionetc. The same mechanism for the development of other people's elements to his own way, if you see the story, traced in the Kazakh language. This suggests that the language had powerful immunity: tәrelka(plate), bөCebai (Poochova), үсtela (table), Samauryn (samovar), Bөrene (log) etc. But, unfortunately, now in the Kazakh texts, the volume of words of Russian origin increases every year, which should be written according to the rules of Russian spelling and pronounced by the rules of Russian orfoepia.

There were more and more of such words every year. This is the "result" of the work of a perennial stereotype: "Write Russian words in Russian." This powerful, inertial stereotype still works, despite the fact that we have received independence 25 years ago. And the reforms of Cyrillic here are powerless. Therefore, in order to bypass it (and, as notable in psychology, break the stereotype more difficult to break) you need to choose a new schedule.

- That is, it's not in Cyrillic, it's about stereotype?

Yes. Cyrillic in itself, if we consider purely from a linguistic point of view, this is the perfect alphabet, upgraded, modern. But if we now start to write Russian words to the Kazakh legs on Cyrillic, adapting them to old mechanisms, the Kazakhs themselves will be very indignant, because they have a powerful stereotype in consciousness. They can not imagine Kazakh in Kazakhstan written by Russian Word on Cyrillic. And Latin letters while there are no stereotype in the minds of our population. If we are Latin letters to write foreign words to the Kazakh legs, mostly Russians, then there will be no resistance. Thus, we can reboot the immunity mechanism for the adaptation of foreign language words. Otherwise, he will half turn into Russian, and half - in Kazakh.

In the Kazakh language of its original sounds of all 26. And these 26 sounds we pass 42 letters. You imagine, the Kazakh child goes to the first class, he learns 42 letters, among which about 15 do not concern his language. He learns them in order to write Russian words. All words from European languages \u200b\u200bcome to us, refraarting through Russian spelling. If we go to Latin, then many words we can take from the original and immediately adapt them to the articulation of the Kazakh pronunciation. Thus, we will keep the identity of the language and its sound system.

- What difficulties may arise on the way of changing the alphabet?

Any reform has consists and pros. Not everything is cool and smooth. Cons will be, there will be some difficulties. The most important thing is to not allow the amateurs to this case! It is necessary to entrust this case by linguists, specialists in this area. When this question was raised, there was such a boom in society that each second offered his own alphabet. Among them were students, and students. Of course, we are pleased that the self-consciousness of the population is high, that it wants to take part in such an important process for the nation, but when the time comes to take the alphabet, it will be necessary to listen only to the opinion of linguist specialists. And not even all linguists, namely those who dealt with the alphabet, studied this problem. Special branch of linguistics is - phonetics, phonology, grammatology, grafemic, speech culture. Specialists from these areas should be developers of the main project of the National Alphabet. Only in this case, we can hope that we will then won't have problems with the level of knowledge, with a delay in receipt of information. Because the illiterately created alphabet always slows down the process of perception and understanding of writing speech. In my opinion, this process should go very quickly, competently and in a short time. Then the transition will be painless.

It is important to take into account the fact that Latinia and Cyrillic are homogeneous alphabets. That is, they are one of the origin, they served as Christianity, arose on the basis of the Christian religion. The basic composition of the graphem is the same and in Cyrillic and Latin. Therefore, I do not think that difficulties will be directly a huge scale.

- In general, the population is now ready to adopt a new alphabet?

Our colleagues from the Institute of Philosophy and Political Science MES RK conducted research on the definition of public opinion regarding the change of alphabet in 2007 and 2013. When we compared the reaction of the population, we noticed a positive trend towards the fact that more and more people go to the side of the input of the Latin. This role was played by the presidential policy. He did not hurry, did not hurry. Many Turkic speakers began to conduct this reform immediately after independence. These were the difficult times of the economic crisis of the beginning of the 90s, the head of state did not want to lose this situation with written reforms. He raised this question in 2007 and gave the population time freely discuss this topic. Recently, another tendency is gaining momentum: young people are now more and more in the Internet space, the Latin alphabet is used in cell phones to transfer text messages in the Kazakh language. It is encouraging, gives a greater chance that the transition will be not very painful.

The serious influence of the change of the alphabet will not and on students of junior classes, because the child who has not yet mastered the protruding letters will not be difficult to learn the new alphabet. Difficulties arise only when another alphabet has already fallen in the minds of a person. They have to forget the old letters skills and learn to write in a new way. Therefore, the older generation will be hard. It is accustomed to perceiving words in the image of Cyrillic. As you know, the graphic image of the word is fixed in the consciousness of a person. When someone says something, the human brain makes the transcoding of oral text into a written, the image of the word appears in the head. If a person wrote a whole life on Cyrillic, then the image of his word will be Cyrillic. In order to make a change in the graphic image, you need a period of definite time. But now the century of computer technologies: we turn exactly at the time when innovative technologies give a very powerful opportunity for painless quick implementation of this reform. And you imagine how other Turkic speaking countries moved in the 90s when they were not yet computerized? Despite this, they all survived.

- By the way, on what foreign experience can we navigate?

For example, Turkey completely passed to the Latin alphabet in one year. Before you come to a common opinion about the need for the transition, they had disputes, and discussions, they had a wide process of discussion, public coverage of this problem. But the official transition itself occurred during the year. It happened due to the fact that Mustafa Kemal Atatürk connected to this the entire administrative resource of the ruling, cultural and even religious elite of the country.

In Uzbekistan, compared to Azerbaijan, this process was difficult. As we have become known, with statements by the Uzbek colleagues of the scientists of linguists, there, when choosing the alphabet, did not take into account the opinions of linguists. Perhaps it was because of this that had problems and had to reform the alphabet several times. They did not want to take the ongraft, subgraph diactic signs and preferred a graphic, which would be convenient for the keyboard layout. That is, if the potential of the Latiza was insufficient to transmit some specific Uzbek sounds, they preferred these sounds to transmit through a combination of two graft. But these two grafts in one case can be read as one sound, in the other - as completely different two sounds. This led to a variety of problems. They say that representatives of the older generation in Uzbekistan in unofficial communication still use Cyrillic, and not by Latin.

The most successful experience of the transition to the Latin of all Turkic-speaking countries in Azerbaijan. They did not have serious problems. Of course, there were difficulties regarding the mainly transfer of literature, the cultural heritage, which was written by Cyrillic, but I think these problems arose just because at that time there were no developed computer programs, which are now a huge quantity. However, it should not be considered that painless translation of the letter to Latin in Azerbaijan is the result of only the right organization of the process. Not at all. The positive experience of Azerbaijan is the result of the external factors - the cultural neighborhood and the influence of Turkey, which has already had many years of experience in Latin's writing; Monoyese Situation, i.e. Knowledge of all residents of the state language at the level above average; The elite position of the Azerbaijani language, with the acquisition of independence, socio-cultural and political processes led to strengthening the role of the state language, supporting his image of the political and intellectual elite of the country.

In conclusion, I want to say that the future of the language depends on the alphabet, whether he will continue to develop on his own unique path, whether it will save his immune mechanisms or they will destroy ... Alphabet is like an adapter, through which words pass and then "dress" in Kazakh clothing. If the alphabet is wrong, they will all come to your tongue in the clothes that came. We can not allow us!

- Thank you for your interesting interview.