The technology of growing salad by the hydroponic method is a continuous process of growing salad and other green crops on the conveyor liner on the proposed vegetative chutes when the nutrient solution is supplied and round-the-clock electric power. This technologies are the advanced and most intensive technology and refers to environmentally friendly technologies for growing green crops and lettuce.

The process of cultivation begins with charging the sowing automatic peat line and cassettes., As well as pots. Peat in Maksikipa is loaded into the peat care machine and it flies to a technological state suitable for filling the pots.

The operation of the sowing automatic line is as follows, first install the pots in the cassette and further filling the potted pots. 54 pot is installed in the cassette. Seeds are then seeded into the pot and moisturizing in a special irrigation tunnel, which is one of their parts of the high automatic line. Next, the cassettes are placed in the vegetative chamber of germination, in which the seed germination occurs at a given temperature and humidity. Temperature and humidity in the germination chamber are adjustable and maintained automatically. Cassettes with seeds are located in the chamber of the extension from one to the three days depending on the cultural grown.

Gestroinced seedlings from the chamber of the germination are transferred in cassettes on the tables of the seedlings in which it receives additional electric shocking by means of special lamps of the shower, as well as watering and nutrients with the help of mocking watering rods. Irrigation rods move over the tables. Speed \u200b\u200band movement and irrigation cycles are easy to control. Irrigation rods can also be managed by automated greenhouse systems - Priva. The repent compartment uses pallets from 400x600 mm polystyrene foam and tables with a convenient roller mechanism that guarantee easy movement of pallets. These tables are easy and inexpensive. Tables are easy to arrange at the beginning of each salad line so as not to move the plants over long distances to install them on a salad line.

After being in a seedliness, in about 7 mi days, the pot with the required satellite is transferred to the cultivation gutter installed on the cultivation conveyor lines.
At the beginning of the cultivation salad lines of the gutter are located close to each other.

As the plants and the promotion of the grooves along the line are growing, they are moving away at five stages throughout the line, due to special automatic thinning comb devices. Due to this, the maximum possible efficiency of the useful area of \u200b\u200bgreenhouses for growing salad and green crops is achieved.

Vegetative alands are designed in such a way that the plants in the pots are inserted from above. The gutter is mounted on a transport and pulling mechanism of a salad line, which in turn is attached on aluminum supports. The speed of movement of the gutters along the conveyor line is established depending on the growth period of the grown culture, which in turn depends on the time of year, the temperature regime and the varieties of seeds used.

The gutters have by their length of the hole for the installation of pots and holes for accessing the nutrient solution to the root system of plants.

The nutrient solution through the droppers mounted along the entire length of the salad line enters the root system, freely flows over the entire length of the horod and plants take it as much as necessary for their normal development and growth.

Surplus of the nutrient solution, not used plants, or drainage, follows from the other side of the fool and comes to the adopted bearing and returns to the capacity of recycling water that is located under a salad line, from where after filtration and adjustment on the supply of nutrients in volume and the composition is again resolved in cultivation Harf to the root plant of plants. The adjustment of the solution, its feed and filtering are carried out in an automated mode and are supported using a computer system. Pressure drop is controlled automatically, and the cleaning cycle is activated only if necessary. It saves water and fertilizer.

Due to this, the continuity of the technological process of growing plants is ensured. During the growing plant, the plants are provided by continuous electric shower using the lighting system with special luminaires and automatic adjustment of this lighting. To grow salad, it is necessary to ensure illumination within 100 watts per square meter of the greenhouse area.

In the opposite end of the lightning line of the plant, they are ready for sale, removed from the cultivation gutters and are packaged in special cellophane packages together with a pot in which they grow. This method provides long-term storage of products without worsening taste and consumer qualities.

Empty cultivation gutters are stacked on a special return trolley and it is returned to the beginning of a salad line, where their washing occurs and re-filling the pots.

The advantages of hydroponics are indisputable. This is a simple, economical and ecologically friendly method of growing plants. Traditionally, when placing grooves in the growing area, the distance between the chute is determined on the basis of the size of the already grown plant. This reduces the efficiency of using places in the greenhouses. In the Green Automation Salad Lines, the gutter is placed on the basis of the need for a plant in various growth stages. Plant collection and packaging place are placed at the end of the growing area. When moving the grooves to the collection area simultaneously increases the distance between the gutters in accordance with the requirements of the plant. This principle gives great advantages.

The advantages of our salad lines:

• Efficient use of greenhouse area. Usually per 1 sq.m. It is located 30% more plants.
• Less heating / cooling is necessary.
• Less lighting need.
• Investing in greenhouse technologies and watering systems bring more profits.
• Easily managed and automated system.
• Effective use of growing area. Only narrow technological passages are needed.
• Production is easy to automate: all phases of work are performed on small areas of cultivation and collection of plants.
• Effective use of greenhouses. Easily managed material flows, allow you to make investments in new greenhouses and growing lines also in large time intervals.
• Predictable, reliable harvest all 365 days a year.

Using our technology gives additional 400-700 plants for each square meter per year Even in the cold and extreme conditions of the northern regions, growing such cultures as a salad, spices, medicinal herbs and other green crops.

Assortment of possible products

All examples are based on an average rate of annual production with 1 hectare under environmental conditions in Finland. Artificial lighting of 12,000 suites, the average temperature of 18.5 ° C inside the greenhouse in the winter. The cost of electricity is 0.07 € / kW (Kilo Watt per hour). The cost of physical labor is approximately 16 € / hour (including taxes). The weight of one pot of salad on average is 150 grams.

The cost of one pot grown in Finland ranges between 0.20 - 0.25 € / per pcs. or 1.5 € / kg. The cost of the unit for wholesalers is 0.40 - 0.60 € / pc. Depending on the view, or 3-4 € / kg.
Retail price for the consumer is 0.8-2 € / pc. Depending on the type of product.

Listed Salad (Grand Rapids)
Often selling in pots in polyethylene packaging

Ice Salad (Freilis)
Sold in two types:
-In pot and plastic packaging
-Cut (without a pot) in the sealed package

Salad Batterhad.
Sold cut (without a pot) in a sealed package

Dollast Salad.
Sold in the pot and in polyethylene packaging

The history of mint. Okulturena was in the 9th century AD. The pepper mint appeared in the XVII century in England, thanks to the artificial crossing of wild species. The birthplace of Mint is the Laptop - England, from where she was brought to the European Continent, to Asia and America. Mint was valued in ancient Rome. The peppermint serves as a natural interspecific hybrid of Mentha Aquatica water mint and Mentha Spicata Litter. As an industrial culture, it is grown in forty countries, including in Russia. Mint landings are concentrated in Ukraine, in Moldova, Krasnodar Territory. Mint is known in culture and in the wild state. Especially a lot of it grows in this state in Israel, Central and Southern Europe. Mint is very popular in Vietnam, where it is used fresh. In Europe, it is not very widely used, mainly in England, as well as she loves Carinthia - the people living in the South Austrian region bordering Italy. Mint is widely eating north-Africans.
One of the most popular variation of mint, is Melissa Lemon.

A perennial grassy plant of a family of clear-colored height of 50-120 cm. Rhizome strongly. Stem is a reprehensive, four-mohed, soft-dried, lemon smell. Lower side shoots creeping. The leaves are opposite, sweet, egg-shaped, with the town-shaft edges. Flowers from June to November. Flowers are small white, yellowish or pinkish, are located in the sinuses of the upper leaves. Fruit - four-brown nuts.
We breed seeds, seedlings, dividing the bush or old rhizomes. Before sowing, the seeds are sorted using only blacks with a high germination. Sow early "in spring in the greenhouse. When prompting the division of the bush is taken by three-year-old plants. In each part, the segment should be three or five kidneys.

Young leaves and shoots cut to flowering are used in cooking in fresh and dried, as well as seasoning to salads, soups, game, fish dishes and mushrooms, for fading drinks, salts of cucumbers and tomatoes. Apply for canning meat. Melissa essential oil is valued in perfumery. Drug raw materials serve the leaves. Collect them before flowering. After each cutting of the leaves, the plants feed. Raw dried in the shade or dryer at a temperature of 35 ° C. Store in a glass or wooden container 2 years.

Essential oil is extracted from fresh leaves and stems. It contains citral, citronellal, mirodes and geranol, as well as ascorbic, caffeine, oleanium and ursolic acid and tanning substances. In the seeds found fatty oil, which is used only in scientific medicine. It is low toxic, has a soothing effect. Infusion Melissa reduces the amount of heart abbreviations, shortness, pain in the heart, reduces blood pressure, removes the spasm of a smooth muscles, excites the appetite, eliminates vomiting, the bloating, helps with biliary and kidney colic, is shown in neurosis of various origin and painful menstruation. It is used for boils (poultices), inflammation of gums and oral cavity (rinse). Fresh flowers Melissa prepare tea. In the cold form, it is drunk as a refreshing drink, hot - like a coating agent. It improves metabolism and reduces dizziness. Juice is used to treat allergic dermatitis.

One of the new greenhouse methods for the cultivation of green crops is hydroponics.
Currently, a very small range of green crops is offered on the market, especially in the winter-spring periods. To solve the problem of the daily supply of green crops, regardless of the time of year, conveyors are created for the cultivation, method of flowing hydroponics. Moreover, this new type of product is implemented by alive growing plants, which allows you to preserve and convey to the consumer all the biological and nutritional value of the product.
Description of the method
The flow hydroponic method is based on the principle of growing plants in a nutritional solution with a constant recycling of grooves and pipes.
The advantage of this method lies in the minimum cost:

. Heat and energy costs.
However, there is the opposite side of the method that creates certain difficulties it is:


The essence of the flow hydroponic method is as follows: in plastic channels, the pots are placed with plants aged 14 days.
The pots have slopes-holes to exit the root system. At the time of the arrangement, the root system should appear in the openings of the pot. Plastic channels are placed on platforms with a slope of 1%.

The preparation of the nutrient solution is made by adding the necessary solutions of mineral fertilizers to the revolving solution and bringing the pH to the required value by adding acid.
For growing green crops on flowing hydroponics, a riding peat with agroperlite or a transient peat with agroperlite is used as a substrate.
Plants are grown in a plastic pot 8cm diameter and a height of 5 cm, the bottom of which has holes, then they are installed on the growth of 100 per square meter. Before sowing, the pots are clean under running water or in a weak solution with K2 MP4, dried and filled with a substrate whose humidity is 40%, the substrate is moisturized or manually, the excess is removed with a brush.
In each pot seed into manual or mechanized seeds.
Melissa - 15-30 pieces.
After sowing, the pots are poured with warm water with a temperature of 22-240C to a humidity of 60-65% (the pot must weigh 48-50 gr.). Next are installed on the carts and are placed in the chamber of the germination of seeds. Using the camera of germination allows you to minimize the marriage in the seedlings and increase its quality.
Seedlings immediately lean depending on the time of year or around the clock.
The rearranged pots with plants into cultivation trays into the system of flowing hydroponics are growing to a commodity type. This stage lasts (also depending on the season) for green crops from 20 to 35 days. You can speed up the output of production by applying growth stimulator.
Nutritional solutions are one of the most important factors in plaguing plant growing. They are prepared by dissolving various salts in water, and water with hydroponic technology is of paramount importance. It is necessary to know the initial data of the water you use the following:
-Un the concentration of soluble salts;
-Construction of sodium, chlorine, sulfur and other nutrition elements, digestible by the plant in a low degree and when accumulated in the solution of active toxic;
-Construction of bicarbonates, their ratio and total calcium and magnesium concentration;
-hardness of water.
Water suitable for hydroponics should contain no more than 30 mg / l sodium. A higher concentration of this element requires pre-purification of water. Knowing water data can be seized with the preparation of solutions. For this purpose, fully soluble fertilizers are used as:
-Complex fertilizers (kU) with trace elements;
-Calcium nitrate (granulated);
-Lonocal phosphate;
-Nitrate magnesium (liquid);
-Cashic Selith;
-Magnesium sulfate;
-Nitric acid;
-Orthophosphoric acid.

The rollets is an annual plant of the cabbage family. In the phase of ripeness forms inflorescence with leaves. The plant is 20-60 cm high, the stem branched, is rarely covered with rigid rejected by hairs. Cube leaves, lovid-peristrastic, with gears, fleshy, pubescent or smooth, externally similar to the leaves of radish.
Inflorescence is a small brush with corpus flowers. Chessels Persons, Petals 15-25 mm long, first yellow, and eventually become almost white with purple veins.
Prica fruit - ovally, the oblong pods with a length of 2-3 cm, on short elongated legs, with convex flaps and a long-fightered earned nose. Seeds are light brown, placed in two rows, in form - compressed, oval-rounded.

Features and use:

The hand is a wonderful spicy flavor plant, which is valued for nutty-mustard taste. Numerous, gentle and spicy taste, juicy leaves of bright green color are widely used in the preparation of a variety of salads, sandwiches, meat and fish dishes. Excellent sharp seasoning. The plant is rich in vitamins C, RR, A, B, essential oils and mineral salts. Due to the content of flavonoids in the plant, it can strengthen the walls of blood vessels.
The presence of iron and iodine increases the level of hemoglobin in the blood, contributes to the removal of cholesterol and, in general, has a positive effect on the body, being a useful energy. It has a diuretic, lactogenic, antibacterial effect, stimulates the operation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Growing:

Ruhaw can be grown in film greenhouses and as potted culture.
To komola pleased you with fresh greens constantly, seeds are seed in the circle of crops. For cultivation, the velocity is chosen fertile, with a pH close to neutral soil or substrates.
Summary by the RuCola rows, placing them after 30-40 cm, with the depth of seed seed 1 - 1.5 cm. The distance between plants is 8-10 mm. After landing, the soil is watered with a solution of fertilizers and covered with a polyethylene film. This procedure will reduce shipments. Shoots usually appear on 5-6 days, the film should be removed immediately after their appearance. The collection of leaves begins 4-6 weeks from seeding seeds and continues until the formation of color-point shoots. The leaflets should not be cut off with a knife, but to tear pieces.
It is not difficult to care for shoots: remove weeds, water. If necessary, the Rukel should be cut out. This operation contributes to a faster growth of the plant.
And most importantly, remember that arugula is a light and moisture and moisture plant, with abundant irrigation, the leaves become larger and gentle, they are less proud. It is important that the soil under the plant is always wet and loose. It is impossible to form a crust on the top layer of the soil, as it affects the quality of grown products. With hot and dry, the romance goes into the flowering phase.
When growing, the tree should take into account that it very quickly absorbs nitrates, accumulates the salts of heavy metals. Therefore, one should not abuse fertilizers.
This plant transfers night freezes to -5ºС.
Middle yield up to 2 kg per 1m2 growth area

Salad cultivation by hydroponics
Introduction
The annual population needs in vegetables and green cultures can be satisfied due to the intensification of the production by the introduction of modern methods based on scientifically based technologies. In turn, it will require reconstruction, modernization of morally outdated existing greenhouse plants or the construction of new structures on the site of destroyed old.
One of the modern directions of greenhouse production abroad and in our country is the cultivation of vegetables by hydroponics using the achievements of chemistry, biology and electronics. Interest in the developed technologies of the hydroponic method of growing vegetables is constantly growing because they provide the following advantages:
- year-round production of high and sustainable yields with high quality products;
- reduction of energy intensity per unit of production;
- increasing labor productivity due to the elimination of labor-intensive processes (steaming, processing, replacement of soil, etc.) related to the use of soil in cultivation facilities;
- creation of conditions for optimizing water, air regimes and mineral nutrition based on programming using microprocessor equipment;
- the possibility of standardization of agricultural equipment and nutrient solutions depending on the requirement of culture, which significantly facilitates the technological process;
- minimizing the consumption of logistical and labor resources due to automation and translation of technological processes into the database;
Currently, when environmental and psycho-emotional workloads on the human body have sharply increased, a healthy lifestyle and rational food becomes increasingly important. An important role is given to green cultures, since even a slight amount of green consumed in the human diet gives a positive effect. Salad was grown, used in food and used as a medicinal plant still ancient Egyptians, Romans and Greeks.
In European countries, he appeared in the middle of the XVI century, and in Russia in the XVII century. Salad leaves are rich in vitamins. They contain ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotine acid, rutin, carbohydrates, 2.5-3.8% sugar, carbohydrates, proteins, calcium, potassium, iron, sodium salts, phosphorus, amino acids, mannitol, asparagin, as well as apple , lemon, oxal and succinic acid. In the Milky Salad Juice there are glucoside lactacin, soothing sleep and reduced blood pressure. Salad contributes to the formation of Kholine antiCleotic substance, stimulates cholesterol from the body, which prevents atherosclerosis.
Regular use in the food of greenery contributes to blood formation, restores forces. Systematic introduction to the diet of green crops contributes to the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Scientists of the State Oncology Center of Japan proved that the regular consumption of yellow-green vegetables (parsley, lettuce, mustard, dill and others) reduces the risk of cancer, even with systematic smoking, alcohol, calorie and oily food.
However, now the market offers a very small range and the number of green vegetables, especially in the winter-spring periods. To solve the problem of the daily supply of green vegetables, regardless of year, conveyors are created to grow green crops using flow hydroponics. Moreover, this new type of product is implemented by alive growing plants, which allows you to preserve and convey to the consumer all the biological and nutritional value of the product.
1. Description of the method
The flow hydroponic method is based on the principle of growing plants in a nutritional solution with a constant recycling of grooves.
The advantage of this method lies in the minimum cost:
. Preparation, disinfection and exploitation of the substrate, as it is used once only for growing seedlings.
. Effective use of fertilizers.
. Fast obtaining high-quality, environmentally friendly products.
. Heat and energy costs.
- Using only easily soluble and high-quality fertilizers.
- Permanent and accurate control over all plant growth parameters.
- accuracy of the preparation of the solution and the need for its periodic replacement.

The essence of the flow hydroponic method is as follows: in plastic channels, the pots are placed with plants aged 14 days.
In the pots there are slots-holes to exit the root system
. Effective use of fertilizers.
. Fast obtaining high-quality, environmentally friendly products.
. Heat and energy costs.
However, there is the opposite side of the method that creates certain difficulties it is:
- Using only easily soluble and high-quality fertilizers.
- Permanent and accurate control over all plant growth parameters.
- accuracy of the preparation of the solution and the need for its periodic replacement.
The essence of the flow hydroponic method is as follows: in the plastic channels of the closed section, having round holes in the upper part with a diameter of 55 mm, and the potted pots at the age of 14 days are placed in 180 mm increments.
The pots have slopes-holes to exit the root system. At the time of the placement of lettuce (greenery), the root system should appear in the openings of the pot. Plastic channels are placed on movable AZ12 platforms with a slope of 1%.

On the one hand (upper part), the channel end is closed with a plug, the second side of the channel is open.
The nutrient solution on the system of trunk pipelines and distribution collectors through the calibrated holes enters plastic channels with plants and merges into the gutter's precast, then the underground pipes enters the collection tank.
A mesh basket is installed in the tank neck (preferably with a cell size of not more than 0.5 mm) for pre-filtration of the solution.
The preparation of the nutrient solution is made by adding the necessary solutions of mineral fertilizers to the revolving solution and bringing the pH to the required value by adding acid. This work performs an automated solver node.
The use of modern nutrient solutions can significantly increase the yield of cultures and reduce areas under their sowing. Developments in the design of growing systems ensure the possibility of growing plants not only compactly at the same level, but also to fill the amount of premises used under this technological process, thereby saving the work area and increasing the output of finished products. In the future, most of the traditionally grown crops will be translated into production using a hydroponic method.
The implementation of these tasks is possible on the basis of the use of scientifically informed cultural tractors, providing a high yield of various seedlings and products of vegetable, floral and green crops from one square meter of the seaside complex.
The practical value of the method.
As a result of the studies, rational year-round cultural circuits in the erased complexes are developed and justified, allowing the conveyor method safe clean vegetable products to be obtained. As a result, this production leads to an increase in profitability from 47 to 142%.
The composition of the unified nutrient solution was developed, depending on the biological features of vegetable crops, when using hydro-pony installations.
To increase the profitability of year-round conveyor production, grades and hybrids of sheet salads are recommended, depending on the vegetative period.
A significant conclusion on the mandatory use of individual plant growth regulators in case of the need to increase the energy of germination and germination of overdue seeds of leafy salads and radishes.
In general, research results are the basis for optimizing the full technological process of growing seedlings and a wide aspecting of vegetable crops by hydroponics using domestic technical developments.
Basics and methodology for growing vegetable and green crops in the erased complexes are an integral part of the relevant projects of LLC "GROW PLANTS". They are developed individually for each customer.
All hydroponic equipment has passed scientific expertise and is constantly tested. Hydroponic installations for small farmers, as well as large automated systems for the production of hydroponic feed allow you to get rid of seasonal fluctuations in feed prices, from transportation costs, as well as cleaning costs, harvesting and storage of feed. Installations for growing green crops, allow all year round to obtain vitamin greenery and salad.

Growing dill is a traditional business. It so happened that among vegetable green crops, Dill in our country is the most common. Fresh dope greens use consistently high demand on vegetable markets, especially in spring and autumn. This article will be interesting to small-handed manufacturers and fans vegetables: we will tell how to get large commodity greenery crops as long as possible.
Than good dill
Dill is an annual plant of the family of umbrellas. All its ground parts, especially seeds, have a pleasant aroma due to the content of essential oil. The food uses a young dill (if there are 6-10 leaves) or individual leaves with more adult plants. In addition to essential oil, its leaves contain vitamin C, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, PP, E and organic acids. They are used both in a fresh form, and they are harvested for the winter - salted, freeze or dried (although the salted dill loses its valuable qualities).
Greens and dill seeds are used not only as a spice, but also as a medicine (they reduce increased blood pressure, improve the appetite and digestion, the operation of the gastrointestinal tract, soothe the nervous system).

Optimal conditions
Temperature and illumination
Dill refers to cold-resistant plants, it is well tolerating low temperatures and small frosts. Seeds begin to germinate at 3 ° C, however, at such a temperature, germination lasts a very long time (sometimes up to month). Slow germination of dope seeds is associated with a high content of essential oil. Therefore, in order to obtain quick and friendly shoots, it is necessary to conduct pre-sowing processing. Optimal for plant growth is the temperature of 15 ... 20ºС. It should be borne in mind that dill is a light-loving culture.
Rich substrate and moisture, watering.
Dill does not impose special requirements for fertility, it may be enough fertilizers made in the preparation of the substrate. Nevertheless, the high yield can be taught only on fertile moisture-intensive substrates (dill moisthed. When driving the soil, the yield decreases, plants pass faster to the formation of a stem with an umbrella. Such a dill is not in demand in the market (amateur vegetables can cut separate leaves from them for use in food or leave plants to form seeds).
Select variety
Unlike other crops, such as tomato, pepper, cucumber, varieties of dill visually differ from each other not so much. Basically - the intensity of the green color of the sheet and waxy laid; Less explicit, but no less valuable signs are the aromatics of leaves and their taste. In addition, the varieties of dill are divided into early, secondary and late.
Early grades (for example, mushroom) are suitable for cleaning for greens about 10 days before late. However, they are usually less humble and have a smaller mass of the plant. Another disadvantage of early grades in greens is a short period of economic fitness. This means that the plants quickly form the stem and while being late or delayed with cleaning losing product qualities (therefore it is important to remove them on time). These varieties have time in the middle lane give a good crop seeds that are widely used in the food industry. Therefore, the early varieties of dill are used to grow early greenery in film greenhouses and open ground, as well as for growing seeds.
Long-range varieties are better, characterized by a greater mass of one plant. After readiness for cleaning for greens, they can be removed for 2 weeks, since all this time they remain in the socket phase. Late-friendly varieties are used for sowing in May - June and cleaning in the summer months. These include such varieties like Kibray, Tetra.
Recently, the seed market appeared so-called. Cruise type varieties. These are late grades whose seeds often do not have time to grow in the middle lane, so they are engaged in their seeds in the southern regions. A characteristic feature of the bush grades is a very slow formation of the stem. In the sinuses of the leaves they form lateral shoots, so the plant looks like a whole bush.
However, all the typical characteristics of the plant of bush varieties can only be expressing with an important condition - a large power area. With the usual thickness of standing, the side shoots in the bush grades do not grow, although even in these conditions, they form late ordinary varieties.
Characteristics of varieties of dill:
Mammoth is a mid-range variety of dill. The plant is large, fast-growing, develops a powerful greens with a strong aroma. Powerful leaves socket, semi-rotated.
Leaves are long, green, juicy, fragrant, with a weak wax. Refers to rich-effective type. It is characterized by a rapid increase in green mass. The yield of the greenery is 1.8-3 kg / m².
Alligator is a late variety of dill.
The leaf reaches the commercial size for the 45-50th day from the appearance of germs, and in flow culture - for the 28-30th day. The rosette of the leaves is large, elevated, 30-40 cm high. Leaves green with a gray tint
and a wax flare, strongly crazy with short and wide segments, aromatic, high product qualities. The green mass of one plant averages 30-60 yields - 1.5-2.5 kg / m2.
Supeldukat - Love (40-45 days) variety of dill. The plants are tall, well fruitful. Leaves dark green with wax rim, juicy, gentle. Semi-scattered umbrella, large.
The variety has a slow-down skeletalization and the investment of inflorescences. The aromatics is strong. The average yield of commodity in household ripeness - up to 3.6 kg / m2
Symphony is a reproductive variety of dill, designed for growing on greens and spices (40-45 days from mass gears to cleaning). The plant is strong-scale, the rosette of the leaves semi-rotated.
The leaves of medium size, green, juicy, very fragrant, are used in fresh, dried and frozen. Mass of one plant during harvesting for greens 25-30 g. Green mass yield -
2.5-3.5 kg / m2
Dill is a medium-bed variety. Designed for growing in an open and protected ground, as well as in flow culture. Raised leaves rosette. 15-17 leaves are laid on the plant, length
Leaf 28 cm. Large leaves, SIZO-green coloring (young - with the manifestation of anthocian), strongly dissected, segments of flattening-filament. The height of the socket is 23 cm. The mass of the greenery obtained from one pot P8 is 30-40. The aromaticity is high, recommended for growing on
Greens and spices. Medium yield - 1.7-2.5 kg / m².
The bushes are grades: Russian size, salute. Gourmet variety, belonging to the bush, also has a very tasty fragrant greens.
Growing for your own needs
It is better to search several times
So that the young dill greens was on your desk all the time, you need to not forget to carry out multiple crops, living, for example, by 1 tray every time. In this case, fresh young leaves can be removed every 30 days.
How to get friendly shoots
Greet the greens of dill on the installations of GPU-12 is quite simple. The only thing that causes difficulty (especially at novice vegetables) is to obtain germs. In order not to face this problem, to accelerate the germination of dill seeds and obtain guaranteed shoots, it is necessary to conduct their pre-sowing processing. There are 2 main ways. The first is bubbling (soaking seeds in water constantly saturated with oxygen), at home for this can be used aquarium compressor. Barboting is carried out at a temperature of 20 ° C for 18-20 hours, during which time some seeds begin to short, so they are sown immediately. The second method is soaking in water for 2-3 days. During soaking, the water change every 6-8 hours. The seeds prepared for sowing are sown into the P8 pot with a peat substrate.
Sowing:
The prepared substrate is saturated with EU mineral fertilizer solution 2.2. The pot is pounded by the substrate is medium-tight, sowing by rows. On the bottom of the wet groove seed seeds and close them on top of the substrate from the edges. With this method, the seeds fall on the wet soil, and pressed on top of the substrate by 0.5-1 cm. Slow by rows, which facilitates further care. With the cultivation of dill on the greens, the distance between the rows should be 10-15 mm. Sowing depth 1 cm, depending on the type of substrate. Seed seed rate 2-3 g / m² or 10-20 seeds per pot.
Care of plants
Care of dope plants is reduced to the weeding and sowing a new game about once a week.
The moisture content of the substrate (soil, peat is etc.) is maintained at 70%, and the relative humidity of the air is 60 ... 70%. In the spring-summer period, the subspeted heating is not necessary, in the winter the temperature of the substrate is maintained at 12 ... 16 ° C. The big difference between the temperature of the substrate and air is unacceptable (for example, if the soil temperature is 8 ... 10 ° C, there should be no 16 ... 17 ° C in the air), otherwise the plants fall from the black leg. Before shooting, the optimum air temperature of 20 ... 22 ° C, after the appearance of germs, it is recommended to reduce the temperature to 12 ... 15 ° C during the day and 8 ... 10 ° C at night, later the temperature is maintained 18 ... 20 ° C during the day and 12 ... 14 ° C at night.
Harvest
To cleaning greenery, approximately 30 days after sowing, starting to eat young plants with a height of about 10 cm. Cleaning can be carried out as selective, pulling the largest plants and solid, pulling everything in a row.
When delayed with cleaning, when dill reaches 15-20 cm in height, it is desirable to remove all plants and put them on processing. Otherwise, they quickly form inflorescences, losing flavors (in adult plants leaves are tougher and coarse). A small number of plants from spring sowing can be left: inflorescences can be used either in summer for canning or salting vegetables, or in the fall for collecting seeds.

Tulips with more than 400-year history are one of the most important imported decorative plants in the world. Intensive hybridization, carried out mainly by the Dutch breeders for several centuries, led to the appearance of beautiful and resistant varieties of tulips. These varieties characterized
A large variety of colors and forms, with great love grown in spring in parks and gardens. Basic
Part of the flower bulbs is used to grow colors on the cut and only a minor part of them - for growing potted flowers. Successful and large-scale cultivation of floral bulbs in the Netherlands favorable climatic conditions, as well as high professionalism of flower conditions, are promoted. Research and implementation of results, as well as all technological processes are highly standardized.
The use of the most recent achievements in the field of production and sales technologies allows you to provide the whole world with high-quality products.

Botanical classification

In the kingdom of plants, tulips belong to the Lilaceae family. Many bulbous plants, such as lilies, hyacinths, muscari, ornithogalum, freethyrilaria, etc., are owned to the Lily Lilny family, and others. The characteristic features of this family are the presence of six petals and six stamens and the formation of seed pods over the base of the flower.
Tulips also belong to bulbous plants. The bulb consists of scales growing from the Donette, these scales surround the apical merysist, located in the center of the bulb. The development of apical meristem is gradually; Its development begins in the summer and continues until the flower formation in the spring (or earlier, if you exercise a distance). The assortment of tulips can be represented in alphabetical order, but very often the grades of tulips are grouped into classes. Tulips that are used for distillation are mainly presented in the following classes: simple early,
Terry Early, Triumph, Darwin Hybrids, Parrot, Liliece, Simple Late and Terry Late.

Thugs of tulips

Theoretically, the intake of tulips can be held throughout the year. However, the most popular periods are winter and early spring, that is, the time precedes the time of normal flowering of tulips in the garden. To obtain good flower products, it is very important that the client will notify the supplier in advance about the varieties you need and distillation. This is due to the fact that the treatment of bulbs begins long before their dispatch and should be coordinated with the desired flowering period.
There are many ways to tramplink tulips.
The range of tulips includes thousands of names. Several hundreds of varieties are used to distill (some varieties are used more often than others). Suppliers have information as to which varieties are most suitable for pastures at a certain time and which expensive methods must be applied. Suppliers can also provide video materials in separate varieties and their characteristics.
The supplier needs to be reported on the climatic features of the area, as well as on the designs where the surveillance will be carried out.
The lukvitz provider requires a certain time and equipment for the processing of bulbs before sending them.

Size of Lukovitz

When growing bulbs, some of them can achieve very large sizes. Flowering plants derived from such bulbs will differ from the type of plant that you would like to get. Therefore, it is important to know the optimal dimensions of the bulbs. Typically, the size of the bulbs is determined by the number of centimeters in the circumference. The greatest size of the bulbs that go on sale equals 12 / + (calibration hole). In such major bulbs, the largest stock of nutrients and of them are obtained the largest flowering plants. Therefore, such bulbs are most suitable for getting the earliest colors. Bulbs with calibration size 11/12 and 10/11 are also widely used. Plants obtained from these bulbs will be markedly easier by weight than plants derived from large bulbs.

Various methods for pastures on bulbs of tulips

Bulbs must be exposed to low temperatures

The bulbs of tulips, subjected to low temperatures before winter, can form blooming plants before the timing of their natural flowering. This method is called trampling. Depending on the climatic conditions of cultivation (obtaining) bulbs, you can achieve the flowering of tulips even in December. Climatic conditions affect the development of a new plant in the bulb, both during the cultivation of bulbs and
After her digging.
Along with the acceleration of the flowering of tulips, their later blossoms can be achieved. Already over the years, blooming plants tulips go on sale in September, October and even in November. Such "ice tulips" are obtained from bulbs, which have been stored for a long time at low temperatures.

Celling pre-cooled bulbs in hydroponic trays.

This relatively new distance of the surveillance has recently become widespread. For hydroponic distillation, the bulbs are always cooled in a dry state. These bulbs begin to form the root system only over the past weeks treatment with reduced temperatures, when they are placed in hydroponic containers and leave indoors to roougings. Then the distillation of the bulbs spend in the greenhouse.

Later bloom when landing in drawers

There are two ways to get a later flowering. The first method is the use of liberal tulips ",
The second method is the use of bulbs grown in the southern hemisphere. With the first way, the landing of the bulbs in the boxes are carried out in October. Then the bulbs store 2-4 weeks at a temperature of 9 ° for rooting. After rooting, containers with bulbs are frozen and stored at a minus temperature of -1.5 -2 ° C. To prevent drying boxes, they are wrapped in a film. In early September, the boxes are transferred to a cool place where the flowering of plants will occur. This method is used to distill the small number of tulips in the fall. Unfortunately, with this method of distortion, the quality of colors is somewhat reduced and their life life in a vase is reduced.

Celling of bulbs in boxes with soil: conditions of cultivation in the greenhouse and expensive methods

Temperature

After the cooling period, the boxes with bulbs are transferred to a greenhouse for pastures. The bulbs can be in a greenhouse at a temperature of 18-20 ° C. However, to obtain higher quality colors, it is recommended to maintain a temperature of several degrees below (at the same time, the distillation time increases for several days). Starting from February 1, the temperature can be maintained at 16-18 ° C or several degrees below.
It cannot be changed in the temperature mode, since at the same time the growth and development of plants is inhibited and the risk of obtaining "plastic" buds and dimensional floweros is increased. High temperatures should also be avoided, as they stimulate excessive growth and appearance of "slave" buds. If the cooling period is extended for 2-3 weeks, the temperature in the greenhouse should be reduced by 1-2 ° C to obtain high-quality flower products.

Shine

The distillation of some universal grades of the tulip in low light conditions in combination with high relative humidity leads to the appearance of weakly colored leaves, pulling and curvatting the stem, the late appearance of leaves ("Sigars ", penetration of flowers and leaves and low-quality flower products. In varieties with genetically determined shortened and dense stem under conditions of low illumination, the stem is becoming longer, that is, such varieties may even "play" under reduced illumination. Late spring it is necessary to apply the shading of the greenhouse.

Track in trays, (hydroponic trampling):

Hydroponic distillation is a relatively new way to distinguish the bulbs of the tulip to obtain colors on the cut.
By itself, this method is not new. In the middle of the 18th century, the distillation of the bulbs at home was carried out in glass vases filled with water. On 8 1960s, for the first time several attempts at the hydroponic distillation of tulips under production conditions were taken.
In the 1990s, these works were renewed again. In the late 1990s, as a number of technical issues of production are solved during the previous years, this method of pastures of tulips has spread widely. Hydroponic distillation in containers, in general, similar to the extended in boxes filled with soil.

Over time, this method of distortion has developed into a leading method of distillation of tulips bulbs to obtain colors on a cut. In the Netherlands, the distillation of more than half of all the bulbs of tulips on the cutting is carried out using a hydroponic method. This is explained by the presence of a number of advantages in this technology. If we consider the process, in general, these advantages make it possible to reduce production costs.
In the next section, we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of hydroponic surveillance.

Advantages of hydroponic surveillance

Advantages Compared with pasture in drawers with soil:

Cost reduction due to the lack of need to work
With soil
. Celling boxes can be used several times per season.
. Premises for rooting can also be used
Several times per season and they can be smaller.
. Cutting colors in hydroponic containers can be carried out in a shorter time, faster compared to soil boxes
. With hydroponic distillation, the plants are growing faster, so you can maintain a lower temperature in the greenhouse, which helps save energy.
. Constructions and equipment remain cleaner.
. The risk of diseases or manifestation of violations (Botritis, Triphoderma, hollow stem, stroke veil). In the hydroponic method, the distillation usually disappears the need to disinfect bulbs.
. In hydroponic distillation or no need to use plant protection products at all, or their use is sharply
The bulbs are reduced easily, effortlessly removed from containers
. In the hydroponic distillation, the floweros is longer, so this method is convenient when the varieties are distured,
Characterized by shortened blooms. Hydroponic distillation is more environmentally friendly
The method compared to the trampling in soil boxes.

The system for hydroponic surveillance includes, so-called flexix containers. This system consists of a durable plastic sheet with holes for bulbs,
Which is well held on the surface of the water. The size of the holes in the plastic sheet should correspond to the size of the bulbs, so it is necessary to choose a container in advance that corresponds to the size of the bulbs designed to be distilled off. The sheets are placed in a hermetic tray of hydroponic settings of the AZ series, with such a system of bulbs are not damaged and therefore we can get a high-quality flower.

In the hydroponic distillation, the water tide method is used.
Studies have shown that when using a tidal-refrigerated system, the weight of plants increases slightly. When using this system, constant circulation of water with nutrients dissolved in it occurs.
In 2006, several large farms involved in tulips were used by this system, which provides good water circulation.
However, when circulating water in the system, the risk of dissemination of diseases is increasing, including fungal. In any hydroponic system, the containers are used repeatedly, so after use they must be cleaned thoroughly.

Showing

As well as when using other distillation methods, bulbs designed for hydroponic surveillance must first be stored in a warm room, and then cold.
Warm storage conditions are exactly the same as when the bulbs are distured in the boxes with soil, however, the temperature begin to lower before in November (from 17 ° C to 5 ° C) in order to slow down the growth of sprouts.
Otherwise, the bulbs, intended for hydroponic distillation, are processed in the same way as in the case of pastures in drawers with soil.
There is a significant difference between the processing of bulbs intended for hydroponic distillation, and bulbs designed to distilse in soil or other dense substrates.
With hydroponic distillation, most of the cold storage of the bulbs should be held in a rooting room in a dry form. If the bulbs with appeared roots hold in the water for a long time, there is a danger of damage to bacteria (roots become mucous).
The duration of the rooting period depends on the time of the distillation (with early distillation times the bulbs are rooted more slowly than when distillation times) and from
The speed of rooting each particular variety. It means that:
1. With early distillation, the bulbs are rooted in 3-4
weeks;
2. At the very lowest time, the bulbs are rooted
For 1-2 weeks.

In case of hydroponic surveillance, along with the calculation of the time of making bulbs in a greenhouse, the time calculation of the planting of bulbs. For most season landing
And cleaning occur in the same period of time.
It is very important that bulbs intended for hydroponic distillations were
Ready to rooted before landing into the water. The willingness of the bulbs to roouging is determined by a small swelling of the root roller.
If the bulb has not been rooted within 1-2 weeks, then there is a danger of its "tomorrow", which leads to the appearance of "onions" around the bulbs. In such a bulb, the enzymes and in water near the bulbs are formed by air bubbles.
In addition to the filling of containers, nutrients are made (usually complex fertilizers and calcium nitrate) to bring the electrical conductivity to 1.2-2.2 ms / cm2.

The purpose of the following description is to provide basic information on the cultivation of tomatoes by hydroponics. We did not specify the goal of bringing comprehensive information, and we want to give some tips that could serve as a useful addition to the practical knowledge of the vegetable breeder.

The proposed information is based on the experience of growing tomatoes in Holland. Although this technology is written taking into account the latest information, in this area, we do not take any responsibility if the expected results are not received. Moreover, we do not guarantee the receipt of the same results in various environmental conditions. Growing in conditions of any other country of the world may require other interpretation of the proposed recommendations.

General remarks
Tomatoes are thermal-loving culture, with fruits from 50 to 300 grams and a period of vegetation from 65 to 120 days after seedling landing.

Growing seedlings

Since tomatoes are usually very powerful with a pronounced vegetative nature of development, it is necessary to create conditions that stimulate the generative development. Strive for plants with short interstices and the first flower brush between the 7th and 9th leaves.
When growing seedlings it is very important to ensure that the roots from cubes do not penetrate the soil. Place the cubes with a seedler on the plastic saucer turned upside down to prevent the root penetration into the base and good drainage. Cover the soil under the white polyethylene film cubes, which will help reflect the light and reduce humidity, which will also stimulate the generative development of plants.

Start of Culture

The normal plant at the beginning of the culture must have the following characteristics:
- Under the first flower brush there should be 7-9 leaves
- Flower brush should be the right shape and have a short flower
- flower brush should be drawn down
- Intezium must be correctly located (average length - 5cm, depending on the variety)
- The plants stem should not be too thick, but not thin.
When plants are planted in a greenhouse, the generative development should be stimulated by preventing too fast germination of the roots of seedlings to the base and plate from mineral wool. If the plant develops a too powerful root system, it will greatly make it difficult to apply corrective measures and the ability to regulate plant growth.
Strengthening of the main development is achieved by the fact that they first limit the irrigation rate at this stage. This will increase E.S. and will cause a "generative reaction" plants. Carefully follow the level E.S. In the mineral wool plate (max. 4-6 ms / cm) and a mass of the plant.
During the flowering of the second or third brush, the plants can be placed on the plate of mineral wool. Get the opportunity to plant roots in the slab for several days, and then support the stove in a relatively dry state. It will make the roots "look for" water, and the plants will develop a good root system. Due to the fact that tomatoes are expressed a vegetative nature of growth, their growth should be regulated by maintaining relatively high E.S. In the stove.
When the plant is characterized by a pronounced vegetative growth, the incentive of generative development can be achieved through the following measures:
1. Increase the difference between day and night temperatures. Increase the temperature in the afternoon clock to stimulate growth (up to 25 ° C with sufficient lighting). Then gradually reduce the temperature to 16-18 ° C. In the deadline. Such a change in temperature will stimulate a generative development.
2. Reducing relative humidity. Strengthening ventilation and heating the greenhouse will reduce the humidity level and will stimulate the generative development of plants. Do not lower the humidity below the level of 65%, as it can reduce the effectiveness of pollination.
3. Removing leaves. In addition to the usual removal of the leaves at the bottom of the plant, you can remove the growth point from the top of the plant if it has excessive vegetative development, translating growth to the lower stepper.
4. Little trimming flowers in brushes. Let the possibility of more fruits develop on the plant, leaving more flowers in the brushes. Print later, at the stage of small fruits.
5. Increased nutrient content in soil or substrate. A minor increase in electrical conductivity (salting) will stimulate the generative development of plants. Higher levels of potassium will also positively affect the quality of the fruit.

Temperature.
Due to the pronounced vegetative nature of the growth of tomatoes, the temperature regime should provide a greater difference between the day and night temperature. This will stimulate the generative development of the plant. It is recommended to use the following temperatures:
Night temperature: 16-18 ° C
Day Temperature: 19-25 ° C
Heating the greenhouse during the daytime to a temperature above 21 ° C can only be performed under the condition of sufficient illumination!
Make sure that the night temperature is constantly not lower than 15 ° C. Low temperatures will result in the formation of a grid of cracks around the top of the tomato fetus (catfaced fruits), ribbed fruits, large flowers and to slow down the pollination process.

Watering and electrical conductivity.

After a young plant has a root system in a plate of mineral wool or soil, it is recommended to support E.S. At 4-5 ms / cm, depending on the condition and development of the plant. Such value E.S. It is recommended to adhere to the beginning of the harvest.
During harvest, it is recommended to support E.S. At the level of 3.5-4.5 ms / cm. This measure will contribute to the formation of large fruits. Carefully follow the growth of the top of the plant, as this measure will also stimulate vegetative development. Signs of excessive vegetative development are described in the section "The Technology of Growing Determinant Tomatoes".
Generally speaking, the plants of large-scale tomato are characterized by high root pressure. For this reason, watering should not produce plants too early in the morning (up to 9:30 h), since the elevated root pressure on the flowers will contribute to the development of pointed, draining fruits. In the later morning hours, when evaporation from the plant occurs more intensively, the irrigation rate should be quite large so that the plant can absorb a sufficient amount of water.

Sleeping flowers.

When growing large-scale tomatoes, the thinning of flowers is usually practiced. This is very important because with a smaller amount of fruits on the plant, the mass of the fetus will be significantly higher, the fruits will be more homogeneous, and the plant is characterized by a balanced development. As a general recommendation, it can be said that when the 3rd brush blooms, it is necessary to break the first two brushes.
Depending on the variety and status of the plant development, most of the tomato varieties during thinning should be left 3 flower / fetus at the first two brushes and 4 flower / fetus on the other brushes. Tomatoes with smaller fruits can be left 4 fetus at the first two brushes and 5 fruits on the remaining brushes. Sluorrow is one of the most important measures to achieve a balance of vegetative and generative development of the plant!
After flowering the 3rd brush, thinning should be made at the time when the flowers in the inflores have not yet blocked. Normal thinning frequency - once a week. This can be done regularly, simultaneously with steaming and twist of the top of the plant around the filament guide.
Substrate and air humidity mode
Regarding a drought-resistant plant, but the need for water is large. When growing seedlings and from its landing to the receipt of the harvest, the optimal humidity of the substrate 65-75% NV. Regardless of the weather conditions, water consumption during the growing season increased from landing before the start of fruiting.
With an increase in soil moisture to 90% of the NV, the plants stretched, decreased the diameter of the stem, the distance between inflorescences increased, the development of flowers and buds was delayed, the number of fruits increased and the leaf surface increased. The lower limit of humidity at which watering is carried out - 60% HB.
In conditions of water stress, the plant form smaller leaves and fewer their number, more subtle shoots. Reducing the size of the leaves is mainly due to the decrease in the size of the cells. In such conditions, the leaves are twisted in plants, as a result of which the assimilation surface, the intensity of transpiration and photosynthesis decreases. DD Brezhnev noted that the intensity of photosynthesis is significantly higher with high water availability. An adult tomato plant on a sunny day evaporates about 2 liters of water. A number of studies indicate that the tomato consumes in the winter-spring turnover of 690-750 l of water by 1 m2 with a yield of 12-14 kg / m2.
The time and frequency of irrigation depends on a number of factors: illumination, type and volume of substrate, grown hybrid, agent age, growing time, temperature modes, etc. When growing a tomato hybrids with a generative type of development, it is necessary to constantly have a strong top of the plant. This is achieved by the right watering and maintenance of active microclimate in the cultivation structure. The moistening of the substrate contributes to the intensification of vegetative development. The smaller the moisture in the substrate, the smallestive growth, the rapid and flowing fruit is better. The flow of oxygen into the substrate occurs mainly with irrigation water. The temperature of irrigation water is also very important. When the temperature of irrigation water increases to 25 ° C, the oxygen content is sharply reduced, which can lead to oxygen starvation of the root system.
Low moisture content in the substrate not only reduces the vegetative growth of plants, but also stimulates the growth of the root system. The lack of moisture in the substrate can lead to a sharp increase in the concentration of salts and even to the fading of plants. The start time and end of watering depends on the type of plant, its age, the type of substrate and its volume. Later the beginning and early grace of irrigation stimulate the generative type of plant. The need to supply plants with water at night depends on the type of substrate, its volume, variety and age of the plant.
The relationship between the water regime and the appearance of the vertex rot is not detected. However, the lack of water can contribute to the appearance of vertex rot, and the moisture differences of the substrate, as well as intense watering in the morning, lead to cracking of fruits.

Air-gas mode
The growth of plants is possible only with the presence of carbon dioxide and oxygen necessary for photosynthesis, without which breathing cannot occur.
CO2 content in outer air, constituting 0.03% by volume or 300 PPM, is not enough to obtain high yields. During the period of growing plants in the greenhouses, when the fraumuga is closed, the concentration of C02 in the greenhouse is significantly lower. In the period from the end of winter until the middle of the summer, the number of hours with a reduced concentration of CO2 increases from 0 to 11 hours a day. In connection with this, photosynthesis is reduced by 25-30% compared with the cultivation at a concentration of C02 - 0.1%. The increase in CO2 concentration increased the intensity of photosynthesis to 40%.
Sources CO2 for greenhouses can be divided into biological and technical. Biological sources - manure, straw, peat, etc. Their main disadvantage is the impossibility of automating the control of the process of feeding, as well as the short-term increase in CO2 to the desired level.
Most often use felting fuel combustion products. These are or heat generators or waste boiler gases. The heat generators are stationary placed in the greenhouse and operate on natural gas or propane. Their main disadvantage is the impossibility of using in open framugs, when C02 with heated by burning air goes into the atmosphere.
The exhaust gases of the boiler house containing 11.8% CO2 in its composition, make it possible to comprehensively use natural energy resources. Today, with the mass construction of mini-boiler rooms in the greenhouse combines, this method is used more often than others. The use of exhaust gases will allow feeding with open framugs, save natural gas (up to 70 thousand m3 / ha per year), reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, adjust the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse.
CO2 supply of exhaust gases occurs according to polyethylene sleeves with a diameter of 5 cm with perforation of 4 holes for every 0.2 m. The sleeves are stacked under the plants. Modern feeding systems allow you to submit CO2 only during the daytime, accumulating excess heat from working boilers in the thermoaccumulator installed outside the boiler room. It warmly goes to heating the greenhouses at night, when boilers do not work.
For greenhouse plants heated with heat CHP or not having boilers on natural gas, the source of C02 is liquefied carbon dioxide, environmentally friendly.
The feeder starts from the sunrise and until 16.30, starting with the seedling plant in the greenhouse. The air temperature is 2 ° C higher than recommended for cultivation. The feeder is recommended at the level of illumination in the greenhouse above the sheet surface 3-5 CLK. The delay of the start of the feeding in the morning has a stronger negative effect on the yield of tomato, than its premature shutdown in the evening.
With a sufficiently high illumination and temperature, the optimal CO2 content for tomato and cucumber plants is 700-1000 PPM (0.07-0.1%). In this case, the growth and fruiting of plants is accelerated, yield increases by 10-30%. With increasing concentration with 700 PPM to 1500 PPM or 2800 PPM, damage to sheet plates was observed, especially in the spring months.
The feeding of C02 slightly influenced the number of fruits on the plant, but their mass significantly increased. Fucking C02 is more efficient in the autumn period than in the winter-spring. The feeding should be given throughout the day. The enrichment of the atmosphere of greenhouses in the afternoon leads to a decrease in the number of fruits in inflorescences.
The increase in the concentration of CO2 around the sheet causes almost proportional increase in the intensity of photosynthesis. According to other data, the double content of CO2 in the air can increase yields by 30-40%. The enrichment of the atmosphere of carbon dioxide affects the breath not only the above-ground organs, but also the roots.
The role of a hybrid in the production of vegetables protected soil
Currently, with the advent of modern greenhouses in which the microclimate is controlled by automation, the cultivation of the tomato in the extended turnover becomes becoming more attractive. Prior to the introduction of low-volume technology of cultivation, yields in this turn was extremely low and amounted to 15-25 kg / m2. In Holland at that time, the yield was 44 kg / m2. In the late 90s, after the introduction of low-volume technology, the yield in the extended turnover rose to 32-36 kg / m2.
In new greenhouses, yield is 55-60 kg / m2.
For the extended turnover of the Tomato hybrids should have a strong vegetative growth, a mass of the fetus of 160-250 g, resistant to major diseases, not affected by bacterios, ensure good binding of fruits in the first inflorescences, to transfer reduced air temperatures, with a total yield above 60 kg / m2. In this turn dominate the hybrids of Dutch selection and.
For summer-autumn turnover, hybrids are required from medium-to-late, maximum crop which would flow in the second half of the vegetation - in October-November, with a yield above 12-14 kg / m2

Every year, only part of the companies MO produces up to 10 million rooted cuttings of annual flower crops and 400,000 pcs. Potted plants whose cultivation is carried out during the calendar year. Rooted cuttings are implemented throughout the country, potted plants in garden centers and shops.
Leading experts are constantly in finding new cultures and technologies, they prefer to work directly with breeders and technological development authors, choosing all the best to implement. A good example is the hydroponic growth equipment of the company "GROW PLANTS COMPANY"
The cultivation of decorative textures from cuttings and straight sowing.

Obtaining blooming seedlings of the seedlings suggests, first of all, growing them from seeds.

Sowing is carried out during the day at a temperature in the seedlings 18-200 ° C and the traffic temperature in cassettes also 18-200C.
Seeds are covered with a layer of vermiculite or agro-tripers for 3-5mm., Fraction 1.25-2.5mm. To guarantee uniform moistening of all mineralized traffic jams, there is a lung moistening of the surface through a small disperser.
After sowing cassettes are covered with 40 micron polyethylene film. Within 6 hours after the end of the sowing, the temperature of the substrate 20-22 C is the optimum for swelling seeds. The next 2 days of the seeds of physiologically "rest", and then begin to germinate. During this period, the substrate temperature should be brought to 24-25 C.
Active shoots begin on 4-5 days, and after 6-7 days we have 90-95% of the seeds. After the appearance of 20-25% of seed shoots, the film is removed, includes continuously artificial light (24 hours) until the moment of 80-85% of the appearance of germs.
Temperature regime until recording 22-230 ° C, HVV 75-80% air humidity support systematic moistening of tracks and concrete floor under the tables of the seedlings.
However, not all plants in reproduction by seeds give lined on decorative signs planting material, which is very important when creating a variety of flower beds. Therefore, the gardeners have long resorted to the vegetative reproduction of non-aligned varieties. The main method of shifting.
Ability to root, i.e. Form the roots on the stems and in the sinuses of the leaves when touched with the soil, many plants possess:
Velhets, Zinnia, Lobelia, all pumpkin. Silent is breeding ageratums, Verbena, some forms of lion seed, terry varieties of Petunia, Balzam Waller, numerous types of Salvia. With the advent of heterosexis hybrids, such a need for many plants disappeared. Heterosexis hybrids are characterized by an alternation of decorative signs and, which is also important, often faster blooming.
However, the shilling up as a way of reproduction of the texts is still relevant in two cases. First, when you need to quickly get blooming copies, and when growing from seeds in plants
Long period from shoots to flowering. The plants grown from cuttings bloom faster, therefore cuttings deteriorate and petunias of terry varieties, often - pelargoniums and waller balsamines (terry forms) and a variety of types of fuchsia. Secondly, when it is necessary to obtain a particularly aligned planting material on a number of decorative signs. And of course, those plants that have not been worked out vegetatively, which are not yet worked out, and more often, are used to decorate a variety of flower beds in summer: scens and suthers, Eriageron Karvinsky, balsamines (Novoguena hybrids), Petunia (Calibroah and Surphinia), Lantans ( Camara hybrids) and some other plant species.
Vegetatively multiphable textures are grown in pots with a diameter of 4 cm (implementation from the 3rd decade of April to the 1st decade of June), 8 cm (for sale from mid-June to mid-July), 10 cm (for suspended baskets and kashpo, implemented in May June) . In less quantities, pots of diameter 12 cm are used (ampel compositions and plants for patio), 14 cm (MA). For cultivation, the Line of the GPU is 4 with movable racks and flooded pallets. For potted plants, ready-made substrates - mixtures of peat, perlite and palm fiber. Various fractions are used for specific crops, primarily select the peat fraction, the pH is adjustable due to the nutrient solution.
In the greenhouse complex, the culture group according to their requirements for the environment. The requirements for the temperature and timing of plant landing in open ground are taken into account.
The cuttings are first rooted in cassettes, and then roll into the pot. When transplanting them usually pinch. For most cultures at this stage, manufacturers use growth regulators.
Specialists of the company conducted extensive research on the use of growth regulators. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that, if necessary, it was better to sharpen plants better than to apply the re-treatment of growth substances, the use of which is recommended to minimize. To delay the growth of plants, watering restriction and reducing air temperature are practiced.

Plants are placed on trays for growing, equipped with a nutrient supply system "Tide - Sweep", watering from the moment of landing is done manually while agronomists are not
They will be convicted that plants are normally developing. Transplanted plants need a substrate with a certain humidity so that the roots actively germinate into it. On the eve of the sale of watering, it is often reduced to a minimum, but immediately before the implementation, the irrigation rate increases to avoid damage to flower kidney.

On the line operating on the principle of "tide - tide", it is possible to program the composition of the nutrient solution for the specific levels of the EU, feeding it from the desired tank with a high and low concentration of salts.
The exit of annual colors is up to 200 pieces with sq.m, growth area.

Microelline is a whole world of entertaining and healthy hobbies.
Microelline can be grown in the room all year round on hydroponic installations.
There are cheap seeds inexpensively, grow rapidly and embrace a large spectrum of tastes. Eating in food of micro is helps to enrich the body with valuable vitamins of wildlife, remaining residents of megacities.
Methods of cultivation of microelling were known to our grandmothers. Hanging fresh greens of arugula, basil, purple cabbage, sunflower seeds, radish, cilantro, and many other year round is very convenient and useful for any mistress.
The acquisition of children to growing microelling allows them to make love for nature. Having occupy a small area on growing plants, microeraine is able to give a lot of joy to its view and bring a lot of benefit as a food product.
Microelline is a wonderful garnish to any dish. It will decorate the appearance and flavoring gamut.
Vegetarians will appreciate the taste of sandwiches with microeraine. And salads with microeraine will be indispensable on any table.

Microelline first became popular in California, but quickly spread throughout America and the whole world. Microelline tiny edible plants collected at the peak of tenderness, nutritional value and taste.
It can be found in healthy food stores, vegan restaurants and upscale restaurants with innovative chefs who want to experiment with color, smells and texture in their sophisticated dishes.
But now it is not necessary to go to expensive food boutiques and restaurants to enjoy these exquisite tastes.
Create your own vegetable garden of microelectrics can already be used by hydroponic equipment. The whole process of cultivation will take about 10 days and give you a lot of joy and health.

Hydroponic systems use different irrigation technologies. The tide-tide technology is also known as flooding, is one of the widely recognized hydroponic systems. The low cost of this technology and the simplicity of implementation and operations allowed us to spread this technology both into small hydroponic installations and objects of industrial hydroponics. This method allows you to easily manage your hydroponic plants, adding or removing plants, at your own will, without affecting the surrounding crops. As in other hydroponic systems, the concept of a tide-tide is very simple - plants are placed in a tray, which is periodically filled with water rich in nutrients, and which later goes into the tank.
This system seems difficult for beginners, because it includes so many different components, but they are all easily assembled and composed into a single solution for a very short time. After assembly, this system does not require significant maintenance and produces plants effectively with a very small consumption of water electricity.
The main components of the tide-tide system are: tray, reservoir and submersible pump with a timer.
A tray for germination is called a tray filled with water located on the rack in which you placed your plants. Plants are placed in pots, which in turn are placed in the substrate as perlite. Pot for germination must be about twice deeper than the tray. The tray is filled with water with a nutrient solution from the tank, which is located under the hydroponic installation. Water from below is supplied directly to the roots of plants, and then merges back, opening access to oxygen.
The reservoir is directly under the installation of hydroponics. It is associated with a tray through tidal and drain and tubes. Water in a tank tray delivers a submersible pump with a timer that controls the flow of water into the tray. The drainage tube allows water to return to the tank, allowing you to reuse water. The same water can be used multiple times during the week. The submersible pump with a timer allows you to control the frequency and duration of irrigation, which depend on the cultivated crops.
Having a small experience can constantly improve its hydroponic technology using the tide-tide system. If you use a large pan area, you can grow almost everything.
This system is very popular among lovers to grow by hydroponic method Tomatoes and legumes

Hydroponic NFT System is simple and universal.

NFT system works using watering and draining technology. This system uses a pump for feeding the nutrient solution into a tray with greens, and then goes into the tank through the drainage tube. The tank is under hydroponic installation and is connected to the tray two tubes, irrigation and drain. In contrast to many other systems, the hydroponic NFT system is equipped with a water pump with a timer. Water automatically enters the tray from the top tube and flows back through the drain pipe. Used water accumulates in the tank and can be reused. It is also necessary to use a compressor to enrich water oxygen, the tubes of which should be in the tank. The nutrient solution continuously flows to the roots of a thin layer. This becomes possible due to the fact that the tray is placed at an angle and water flows down towards the drain pipe, and then again served from the top end of the tube. Water flows fine trickle, feeding roots from the bottom, while the roots are not immersed in the solution completely, and the upper part of the roots remains dry and has access to oxygen.
The hydroponic system will work more efficiently if you will correctly select plants for germination. For example, if you want to grow tomatoes, zucchini or pumpkin, having great fruits, make sure that you have an additional system of supporting the stems with fruits.
In the technique of nutrient hydroponic irrigation, in-depth trays are used, which are easier to install at an angle and when watering, you do not lose a drop of a nutrient solution that goes to the roots. This system has another advantage - accessibility, because Hydroponic trays with a flat bottom can be bought from the manufacturer .. We do not recommend using PVC pipes, they quickly rotate and deform, the roots will be unevenly obtained. It is very important that the roots of your plants have access to food. Another important factor is the length of the tray. Short trays have an advantage over long the fact that the nutrient medium in short trays is guaranteed in the same composition as at the beginning of the line. In long trays it is necessary to check the level of nutrients and the pH balance. If you notice that at the end of the long tray, green grows slower, then think about the transition to the trot.

With drip watering, each plant is in its tray, separate from the nutritional tank. Each plant is powered individually through the tube connected to the pump. A pump is controlled by a timer that controls the supply of the nutrient solution through the tubes to feed the plants from above. Various irrigation intensity regulators can be built into each tube to enhance or slow down watering. Excess water and nutrient solution or returns to the recirculation system, or is given, depending on how the system is configured.

Drip watering is a completely universal system that can be adapted to each plant. This is achieved by using a large number of different watering intensity.
Drip watering can be used with various substrates from coconut fiber to Rockwool and clay.
Drip watering is widespread in Europe. Drip watering system allows to reduce the risk of plants damage by bacteria or fungal infection. Most drip irrigation systems are low pressure systems to recycle the nutrient solution. Drip watering is used mainly for growing tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers.
Drip watering delivers a nutrient solution directly to each plant, and then it returns back to the tank, from where the nutrient solution is then pumped back to watering.
Tools and materials used in drip watering:
Tank for nutrient solution;
The second tank (with a drain tube that will allow the nutritional solution to drain back to the first tank)
Pump
Substrate
100% silicone tube.
Nutrient solution.
Tubes for watering.
Dropper.
Styrofoam

Hydroponics with your own hands. Drip irrigation.

Drill the hole at the bottom of the upper tray in which the plants will grow. This hole will allow the extra nutrient solution to drain back to the lower reservoir.
Install the drain tube in this hole, sewing the edge of the silicone sealant.
Install the pumps and the main pipe for watering in the lower reservoir. Then install the droppers that will individually feed each plant.
Cut out the foam at a size of 0.5 cm less than the size of the upper tray. The foam should move freely after changing the water level.
Outline the size of the pots on the polystyrene and cut the holes under the pots.
Note: The space between the pots should be sufficient to obtain light for all plants.
Place every pot with a substrate in the float.
The tank with a nutrient medium should be covered from the inside of black paint, because It will prevent the growth of algae on the inner walls of the reservoir.

Planting.
Seed seeds can be in small peat pots or pots with substrate. The seedlings can then be transferred to the substrate in the tray. If you grow tomatoes or peppers, do not forget to install the sets of each pot to support plant growth. Hydroponic installation can be installed on a closed area in the yard or indoors, but with the mandatory use of specialized lighting.

Work
The launch of the hydroponic drip irrigation system should be started from filling the tank with a nutrient solution.
Then you should pour 3 liters of pH stabilized water and give the system to work for 5 minutes.
Then you should drain all the water from the system and fill it completely topping the nutrient medium and water.

Make sure you use the right nutrients. When plants begin to bloom, replace the nutrients on blossom stimulants.
Every three months (or more) should be rushing the pump and droppers.
After completing the growing season, rinse the tank containing the feed medium and dry it.

Growing strawberries and strawberries on hydroponics.

Strawberry is a very useful berry, rich in vitamin C. But, unfortunately, enjoying its taste and useful qualities in the middle lane of Russia there is a rather limited period - from the middle to the end of the summer. The same strawberry that is sold in winter does not have almost no taste.

But on the hydroponic, the strawberries can be grown with his own hands all year round, while being quite confident that it is as useful as that that is removed from the usual bed.

Amateurs use different cultivation methods, but the most common is the drip watering method. It gives good results, just enough.

The drip irrigation method can be grown strawberries in a regular greenhouse, at home on a glazed balcony or in a special rodbox. The second and third options are possible all year round, since it is possible to maintain the right temperature in the room where the berry grows.

So, for the cultivation of strawberries by drip irrigation, a substrate is needed, capacitance corresponding to hydroponic installation and a proper nutrient solution that will provide plants with all the necessary elements.

Choosing a substrate for strawberries and preparation

As a substrate, you can use coconut chips or mineral wool. They are similar in their properties: elastic, well kept moisture and give plants the opportunity to fully breathe. However, the coconut substrate is still somewhat better, since it itself contains a lot of useful elements that are not at all increasing the plants.

As for Minvati, it is absolutely sterile. But, unlike the coconut substrate, does not require careful flushing before use. Therefore, everyone chooses for themselves, that it is more convenient and more affordable. In fact, the difference is small.
The substrate is filled with containers. It can be plastic containers, filled with inside with film (necessarily light-tight) or bags, if it is decided to make the installation vertical. This method is used, as a rule, on loggias to save the area. Bags can be suspended from floor to ceiling, and enough seedlings fit in them.

For greenhouses, both methods are suitable, you can even combine them. But Rubeloks usually do not have a very large height, so that they will have to grow a strawberry horizontally, in pallets.

The roots of strawberry bushes before landing in the substrate thoroughly wash. This is done in order to exclude the presence of pests on the roots, which can further destroy plants.

How to organize drip watering in a greenhouse with strawberries?

In order for the nutrient solution to fall into drainage hoses, and then in the tubes going to the roots of plants, the pump will be required, but you can do without it. For example, with a vertical method of cultivation, you can install a tank with a solution above the installation, then the solution will fall into hoses under natural pressure. But if the plantation is large, it is better to still use the pump.

Disembarkation and first care

Strawberries are planted into a well-humidized substrate. The distance between the bushes should be about 25 centimeters, and between the rows - about 40. When landing, the seedling should have a slope of about 45 degrees.

Watering strawberries should be organized in such a way that the substrate is wet constantly. However, it is necessary to understand that the moisthed strawberry is not a strawberry plant, so the surplus of the solution must be dragged. Drainage holes are made in vertically suspended bags for this. When planning in the film and pallets, such holes are made in the film, and the solution enters the pallet. From there, it should be drained in a particular tank, so the pallets must be installed under a slope and supply tubes to remove the extra solution.

Nutrient solution for strawberries

What are the berries of fertilizer in hydroponics? For strawberries, it is enough for those micro and macroelements that will come to her roots from the nutrient solution. Just cook it needs correctly.

Macroelements

In addition, it is important to provide strawberries a constant temperature and a suitable daylight day. For lighting, daylight lamps are used. If it darkens early, they will have to use, since the strawberry need a light day of 8 hours.

Temperature in the greenhouse, loggia or rodbox should be about 25 degrees during the day and around 18 at night, so if necessary, heaters will have to use.

In fact, it is a Dutch strawberry cultivation system, with that little difference that the Dutch has almost always prefer bags and grown berries in them.

The grounding method of growing indoor flowers, greenery and vegetables is becoming more popular. In the article, we will review the most efficient and convenient household hydroponic installations, tell me how to make such an installation with your own hands and how to properly translate homemade cultures on hydroponics.

The popularity of hydroponics is caused by a number of indisputable advantages compared with soil cultivation. The safety technology is simple and accessible to everyone, you only need to master some simple rules and techniques.

Using hydroponic, you can grow almost any plant, the labor costs will be much smaller compared to the usual (soil) method. The culture grown by the hydroponic method receives all the trace elements you need, without spending the strength and time on their search, which is why such plants grow faster, almost do not hurt and give high yields.

With hydroponic cultivation, the root system does not suffer from lack of moisture and from the lack of oxygen during the oveurgement. Using this method, it is much easier to control the consumption of water, there is no need for frequent watering and feeding - it is necessary to simply periodically pour into a special container nutrient solution. In the hydroponic culture of culture, there is never lack of nutrients and do not suffer from overdose. If you are using automated hydroponic installations, you can safely leave even for a month, while not worrying that the beds dried.

Using the method of hydroponics, you will not have to fight with numerous soil pests and fungal diseases whose disputes spread through the ground surface. Rooms with hydroponic beds are easy enough to contain clean, here you will never appear flying midge pots and other unpleasant, accompanying soil cultivation, factors.

Household hydroponic installations

It is not difficult to buy an installation for batchless growing plants today, it is possible to do this or through the online store, or order in the specialized outlets of your city. However, it should be noted that when buying it is necessary to pay special attention to the effectiveness of the selected model, simplicity in the use and ratio of price-quality. Practice shows that the most efficient and acceptable at the price today are the following designs: Hydroponic vegetation module "Sunflower", multi-tiered installation for hydroponic cultivation "Greenfood-3/150", as well as the simplest design for the cultivation of a green bow on the Miraost windowsill . Let's consider in detail each of them.

"Miraost"

This simplest installation will allow you to grow green onions on the windowsill all year round. The design is characterized by simplicity in operation and sufficient efficiency - a feather of 30-40 cm long grows in two weeks.

Miraost is a plastic container, on which the site for 18 medium-sized bulbs is put on top. Conventional water is poured into the tank (even from the water supply system), into which fine air bubbles are injected using a special device. Finding on the water surface, they burst, thereby creating the effect of the "water bath" in the space between the water surface and the roots of the bow. Such conditions contribute to the rapid development of the root system, due to the greens grow much better.

This simple hydroponic installation allows you to grow two crop green onions per month. The cost of this design is available to everyone - it varies from 600 to 700 rubles.

"Sunflower"

This hydroponic vegetation module is designed for growing various vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants), greenery, all kinds of indoor plants.

"Sunflower" is a metal frame with a length of 1 m, a width of 0.7 m and a height of 2.3 m. At the bottom of the structure there is a tank for a nutrient solution with a capacity of 40 liters, to which the plant with six vegetative trays is hoping from above. At the top there are dotted type lamps with sodium lamps, the height of the lamps may vary depending on the height of grown crops. "Sunflower" allows you to cultivate plants with a height of up to 1.5 m.

The hydroponic installation is equipped with an effective control unit with which the processes of feeding the nutrient solution and lighting are automated.

Given the small dimensions and weight of 35 kg. This vegetative module can be installed at any convenient place in the apartment or in the house.

"Greenfood-3/150"

An enhanced multi-tiered household hydroponic plant allows you to grow vegetables, greens, as well as bulbies (daffodils, tulips, hyacinths) not only for themselves, but also for sale.

Greenfood-3/150 is a rack of three tiers, on which trays for plants are located. Each tier is equipped with its own luminous lighting system with a capacity of 40 to 60 W. At the very bottom, under the first tier is a block for growing seedlings and a tank for a nutrient solution with a capacity of 80 liters. The supply of the solution and the light on / off system is fully automated.

"Greenfood-3/150" can be placed on an area of \u200b\u200bless than two square meters anywhere in your home or apartment. This installation has enough compact dimensions: the length is 0.8 m, the width is 0.75 m, the height is 2.2 m, the weight is 120 kg.

This household hydroponic installation is twice as expensive than the "sunflower". However, these financial investments will make it possible not only to provide vegetables and greens their family, but also to get an additional source of income, which over time can grow into a profitable business.

Such structures are not for everyone "by pocket." However, you should not despair, the folk craftsmen have already invented not one way, how to make a hydroponic installation with their own hands without spending a lot of money, time and strength.

Installation for hydroponics with their own hands

The operation of various hydroponic installations may differ in the method of supplying nutrients, which, in turn, depends on which method of hydroponics is used (aqueous, substrate culture or aircraft). The easiest way to independently make the installation operating on the principle of periodic flooding (substrate culture).

For this we need:

1. Plastic bucket with a capacity of 10-15 liters with a lid.
2. Plastic pot, the capacity of which should be about two times less (5-7 liters).
3. Aquarium pump, which can be bought in any pet store.
4. A small bit of a piece of plastic tube, suitable for pumping connections and a flexible tube for overflow.
5. Any substrate is best of all ceramzit, the volume of equal dimensions of the pot. What other materials can be used as a substrate in detail in detail in the article "Hydroponics: the main methods and methods of growing garden crops of the house."
6. Electromechanical timer for pumps.

So, having 2-3 hours of free time, you can construct a universal hydroponic installation suitable for growing greenery, vegetables and room colors.

To do this, it is necessary to cut such a hole in the bucket lid, in which you can insert a tight pot. At the bottom of the pot, it is necessary to do a hole for the hose with a nutrient solution, and on the side - for the overflow tube. Package tube It is necessary to install below the edge of the pot on 3-4 cm. This is necessary so that the nutrient solution is not overflowing through the edge, since the pump (pump) controls its level cannot, and through the overflow tube of the surplus of the solution will be flushed back to the bucket.

Next, we set everything into place. The aquarium pump is placed in a bucket that will perform a container for the nutrient solution, pour the solution. Pot placed in a hole in the lid and fill with a clay. Before planting plants, preliminary tests are better.

The basic principle of the action of this simplest hydroponic installation is that the pump periodically supplies a nutrient solution into a pot. Pump control performs a timer with which you can set the following operation mode: 15 minutes the pump is turned on, that is, the fluid is supplied to the roots, 30 minutes is off, the solution flows into the bucket and the root system breathes. The operation of aquarium pump allows the nutrient fluid with oxygen, which is favorably reflected on the well-being of plants.

As it has already been described in detail in the article "The garden on the windowsill: grow cucumbers, tomatoes and various varieties of pepper" in the cultivation of plants in autumn and in winter it is necessary to organize the shower of the beds. For additional illumination of the above-described hydroponic installation, you can connect a second timer that will independently include light by 12-15 hours per day. Thus, spending some time and money, we obtain an effective hydroponic installation, in which almost everything can be grown except root.

Preparation of nutrient solution

A ready-made nutrient solution for hydroponic cultivation can be bought in specialized outlets, and you can, a little saving, prepare it yourself. In natural conditions, the plant receives the necessary substances from the soil, which means that the nutrient fluid can be obtained by cooking water extracts from the usual land, and better compost.

For this, three or four kilograms of the finished compost must be pouring a bucket of hot water (70-80 s °) and leave to insist for 1-2 days. After that, the infusion is filtered (the liquid is brown), and the compost is poured once again and insist. In a finished lean solution, it is necessary to add any complex liquid fertilizer in the proportion of 30-50 g per 10 liters of infusion. With such a recipe preparation, the concentration of the nutrient solution will be approximately 0.3-0.5%, which is quite enough for normal growth and fruiting. Further, as the nutrient fluid is consumed in our self-made hydroponic installation, we felt the same solution into the bucket, but diluted with estimated water in approximately 5 times.

Of all over the foregoing, it is clear that to engage in hydroponic cultivation to everyone would be desire. If you decide to try your hand, it is not enough just to remove the plants from the ground and put into the hydroponic installation. So that they do not died, they need to be properly prepared for this relocation.

How to properly translate plants on hydroponics

It is better to translate to bossless cultivation. Better than young small specimens, old badly take root or dying. Before transplantation, the plant is well watered either put the pot into the water capacity for an hour and a half, after which it is neatly taken out the culture and thoroughly wash its root system under the water jet 18-20 s °.

After all these procedures, the plant is placed in a hydroponic installation. It should be noted that it is impossible to use the nutrient solution in the first two weeks - instead of it in the container poured the usual resistant tap water. After 12-14 days, the water replaces the weakly concentrated liquid, the concentration of the solution increases gradually every week - first 1:10, then 1: 5, then 1: 2 and 1: 1.

If you have acquired plants grown on hydroponics, there is nothing to fear when transplanting. The only thing to pay attention to this case is a careful attitude to the root system. If the roots are large and strongly confused, it is better to cut them a little, and after that it is placed in a hydroponic installation.

Borless cultivation can be used to cultivate almost any plants (except rootepodes). Hydroponics is remarkably suitable for crops that positively belong to the mooring (cucumbers, salad, various greens). The harvest of these plants using a hydroponic method can be obtained after 1.5-2 months after landing. In more detail about the peculiarities of the proof growing of vegetables, greenery, indoor flowers and strawberries, we will talk in the next article.

As you know, all new is well forgotten old, and the popularity of hydroponic systems has been pronounced.

Many consider hydroponics of innovative cultivation technology, forgetting that this method once appeared one of the wonders of the world - the Gardens of the Semiramides. What is this technology present? It is based on the fact that the plant does not require soil for normal development and growth.

Any hydroponic installation provides all the necessary conditions, including:

• fresh air;
• light (required for photosynthesis);
• water;
• the required level of acidity, due to which all useful substances are preserved.

Some mistakenly believe that with hydroponic cultivation, extremely harmful chemicals are used, but it is rooted incorrectly. The composition of the nutrient solution includes the same elements that plants are obtained from the soil throughout the life cycle. But if in the ground, the spurt need to "try" to get nutrients, then with hydroponic cultivation they come with water strictly in the required quantities.

The technology described in the article is the optimal option for growing greenery in a limited space; Moreover, there is no dirt from the ground, and the yield significantly exceeds the same indicators with the standard cultivation technique. Such a kind of mini-garden can be purchased in a specialized store (it will cost from 5,000 rubles), and you can make it yourself.

As a rule, all modern hydroponic system operate according to one of the principles below.

Note! For the cultivation of the greenery at home, the first type is more suitable, since it is more compact, and no automation for watering is required.

Traditionally, start working with the preparation of everything you need. The list is small, but the choice of materials should be approached with full responsibility.

Table. Materials required for manufacture

As for the equipment, it will take for work:

• stationery knife;
• roulette;
• "Emery";
• circle (optional, but preferably).

In addition, you can additionally purchase a syringe that will allow you to more accurate fertilizer. Further algorithm of action should look like this.

Step 1.Initially, do in the tank cover of pots for pots. To do this, put the pots upside down at a distance of 10 cm from each other, circle each with a pencil, then check if there are intersecting lines.

Circle comes in handy: install it on the radius of the first pot, putting a needle strictly in the center, and draw the circle of smaller diameter on the lid. Next, cut a smaller circle, and for a larger radius, take perpendicular cuts. The bottom line is that the pots will be tightly kept in the lid due to the seal thus created.

Step 2. Do in the lid hole for hoses.

At the top of the tank, it is necessary to make a hole through which the hose from the compressor is lowered into the water.
It is necessary to make sure that everything works and the stone passes the air

Step 3.. Prepare spray stones according to the manufacturer's instructions (in most cases, rinsing and soaking in water). Connect the stone to the hose, and the one to the pump.

Step 4. Swipe the sterilization of the container: fill it with clean water and add Art. Spoon chlorine. This substance will kill most of the malicious bacteria. Turn on the compressor, pre-putting the pots into place. After 25-30 minutes, turn off the device, drain the water and wait until the capacity of the container (so you get rid of chlorine).

Step 5. Pour the tank about 2/3 of the water. Fill the pots of the substrate (as a rule, it is impregnated with water of Minvata).

Place the pots into the holes, close the tank. The lower part of the pots must fully immerse itself into the water.

Actually, on this all - hydroponic installation is ready for further operation.

Landing and growing

Greens can be grown in two ways - seedlings or from seeds. Read the features of each method.

Method number 1. We use seeds

Place in every pot of 2-3 grains. If you wish, you can cover them from above with plastic cups to create a greenhouse effect. As soon as the seeds start germinate, add the nutrient solution, collecting it according to the manufacturer's instructions. In the future, from time to time, tighten the solution, since it will be spent on the growth of greenery and simply evaporate. The concentration of the solution that you will pour should be at least 10 times lower than the original one. Enable the compressor for a few hours a day, although it can work and throughout the light day.

Note! For periodic inclusion, it is convenient to use a timer that is used in aquariums.

Method number 2. We use seedlings

In this case, add a solution immediately. Also, do not forget to clean the seedlings from the ground carefully before placing the pots and clean it well. There are no significant differences in the rest.

What can I add?

1. If you wish, you can additionally take care of the water level index. Connect the transparent hose to the bottom of the tank and pave it vertically to see, at what level is fluid.
2. If, in addition to greens, you wish to grow fruits or vegetables, then take care of the lighting. Yes, it is due to expenses, but if you live in the cold region, then the shower is the only option.
3. To simplify the fluid drain procedure, install a simple valve at the bottom of the tank. With the help of a fusion of water, other plantations can water.
4. For a free check of the pH level of a nutrient solution, you can visit the store specializing in the sale of equipment for pools.

Video - manufacture of hydroponic system

Hydroponic system of girlfriend

A very primitive option, which, nevertheless, will be useful to people planning to engage in grounding cultivation. With the help of the installation described below, you will be able to test - for example, to check how this fertilizer affects a specific culture. The system is extremely simple, no special materials for it are not necessary.

For work it will be necessary:

Step 1. With the stationery knife, cut the top of the bottle.

Step 2. Drill at the top from 10 to 15 holes, evenly distributing them.

Drill holes

As an option - you can put the mesh inside

Step 3. Turn over the top upside down, then fill in the clamp (not needed to the edge - leave 1-2 cm).

Step 4. Multiple the main capacitance in the top of the main tank to spend the hose from the compressor.

Step 5. Place the hose on the bottom of the main container, then put a container filled with clay.

Step 6.. In principle, the system is ready - you can pour into it a cooked nutrient solution. For greenery, you will need a seedy pot - hang for it a small hole in the clamzite, place there and compact for the sustainability.

When everything is ready, turn on the compressor. The further care is no different from what is indicated in the previous paragraph of the article.

Video - Making a hydroponic system of girlfriend

Useful Green Growing Tips for Capless Method

1. If you are a novice, pick up fast-growing crops for the first experience, which are the least demanding of care. This includes parsley, dill, most of the salads.
2. To increase yields, take care of the organization of artificial lighting. You can use for this daylight lamp.
3. In order to avoid the development of bacteria, due to which the fluid can bloom, try to use either filtered or bottled water. Do not forget to treat the container before using the chlorine solution.
4. The temperature of the solution should vary within 25-30 ° C. If the temperature is below the norm, install the heaters for aquariums.
5. Install the hydroponic system as far as possible from sunlight and thermal sources.
6. Instead of the "shopping" nutrient solution, you can apply a complex type fertilizer, collecting it in water (1-2 art. L. / 10 l). At first, use potash / phosphate feeding, then - potash / nitrogen, and at the very end - again phosphoric.