Iodine is one of the trace elements required by the body for proper functioning. Among the specialists, he is called "Micronutrient". In our country, the phenomenon of iodine imbalance are common. All of them affect the general condition and the work of individual systems negatively. From the article, you will learn about the importance of the trace element and its role for the body, about what disadvantage and excess iodine in the body, the symptoms in women, as well as how to cope with these states.

Iodine value and function

Iodine is involved in metabolic processes, being part of thyroid hormones, as well as:

1. in the regulation of body temperature;
2. in biochemical reaction processes;
3. in the metabolism of vitamins;
4. in neuropsychiatric development;
5. activates mental activity;
6. gives the strength to teeth, nails;
7. in the general development of the body.

The iodine level affects the degree of production of thyroid hormones and the functioning of the thyroid gland. You can only get it with food from the outside, so it is important to choose the right food products. Excess iodine, as well as the disadvantage, lead to the development of serious diseases threatening life.

Excess iodine

Excess iodine is a common phenomenon. Most people suffering from this ailment are those who work with direct contact with the substance. For them, the sanitary norm of iodine is not higher than 1 mg / m3. In case of exceeding this rate, it becomes hard or not completely impossible, steam poisoning occurs. Among the health workers, it is called "iodiism" and can be a consequence of long use of drugs with iodine. In the risk group there are those who live in the regions of Primorsky.

Iodine poisoning

"Iodizan" is difficult to identify, it is very often confused with allergic reactions. In this case, poisoning can be acute or chronic. Acute develops rapidly at the perception by the body of a large dose of substance. Chronic - with a constant intake of iodine in small doses.

Symptoms of excess iodine in the body

Iodine poisoning symptoms:

1. acute poisoning belongs to the symptoms of an excess of the trace element, it leads to heart failure, and therefore - a lung edema;
2. irritation of the respiratory tract;
3. salivation because of the swelling of the salivary glands;
4. rubber, similar to allergic rhinitis;
5. wet deep cough;
6. inflammation of mucous
7. tear;
8. skin lesions - iododerma. It is manifested in allergies and inflammation of blood vessels on face, neck, hands and legs;
9. rubella and urticaria can also signal about excess iodine content;
10. dermatitis, this is a disturbance of the integrity of the skin with the possible formation of an ulcer;
11. conjunctivitis;
12. blufarite;
13. worsening view with the possibility of cataract development;
14. pain in the throat, the taste of the metal in the mouth;
15. headaches;
16. hepatitis;
17. inflammatory respiratory tract processes;
18. disorder of the digestive system, etc.

Iodine and thyroid gland

Especially affecting iodine on the thyroid gland. It performs important physiological functions, ensures the normal operation of other systems, helps to cope with stressful situations. In addition to disorders of digestion, reducing immunity, a person can overtake paranoia, panic attacks. There are changes in the central nervous system, the psyche disorders begin. All these factors significantly worsen the quality of life.

Lack of iodine

The disadvantage of iodine in the human body can cause negative consequences, as well as its excess. One of the most notable symptoms of a shortage of the trace element is an increase in the thyroid gland, the appearance of "endemic goiter". This is noticeable even with the naked eye. "Bases Disease" basically amazes female representatives, although it is also found among men.

To other symptoms of insufficient iodine content include:

1. weakness;
2. fast fatiguability;
3. drowsiness;
4. reduced immunity;
5. acouted feeling of cold;
6. dullness and hair loss;
7. susceptibility to stressful situations;
8. pallor and dry skin.

Methods of treating iodine balance

When signs are found, which indicate the violation of the iodine balance must be addressed to the therapist. In this case, it is better to show more vigilance and warn negative consequences than to treat them.

When the physician of the stomach, the starch and protein solution is made in the body of an excessive content of the iodine in the body or using sodium thiosulfate.

If the excess is caused by a long taking of drugs, it should be stopped. In addition, it may be necessary to restore an electrolyte and water balance, anti-tone therapy.

With a lack of iodine, hormones are used that allow you to normalize the function of metabolic processes and the activity of the thyroid gland.

With an excess in severe cases, the thyroid gland is due to drug treatment, intensive therapy.

Iodine content

Iodine can only be obtained with food or special preparations. Products with iodine content:

1. salt iodized;
2. carrots, onions, white cabbage, sorrel, provided that these vegetables are grown on a rich in iodine soil;
3. milk products;
4. beef liver;
5. seafood.

Iodine is a trace element whose balance is very important for the body. It is largely responsible for the appearance and quality of life. Attentive attitude to all the signs that the body gives you is a guarantee of good health.

The iodine is one of the most important trace elements to ensure normal human life. The main role is assigned to the work of the thyroid gland. Changing the level of its content in a large or smaller side has provoking effect on the development of various diseases.

A little about iodine and his meaning for a person

The opening of iodine occurred in 1811, and already in 1820 he began to be used in medical practice.

In natural conditions, iodine is part of inorganic and organic compounds, in the free state it is present in the air, and with atmospheric precipitates penetrates water and soil. The iodine is contained in all plants in various quantities, and a part of marine algae is capable of concentrating it. Get it out of marine algae and Chilean Selitra.

The human body of iodine falls in the form of iodide salts when eating and water. In the body, the iodide salts are mostly dissociated, highlighting the iodine, which subsequently form an organic compound - diodthyrosine and, under the influence of a thyrotropic hormone, thyroxine is formed.

The highest amount of iodine accumulates in the thyroid gland - approximately 15 mg, while its total amount present in the body is approximately 25 mg. A smaller part of it is "stored" in the liver, skin, kidneys, ovaries, prostate glands, etc. organs and tissues.

In the inorganic form of iodine evenly focuses in plasma and red blood cells.

Hormone Tyroxin affects the metabolic processes and functional actions of the nervous system.

For normal operation of the body, the daily intake of iodine should not be above 150 μg. For breastfeeding and pregnant women, this indicator is somewhat higher and permissible is considered to be 175-200 μg per day. For children, daily iodine consumption is calculated depending on age.

Studies found that with a long daily arrival to 500-1000 μg of iodine in the body of significant changes in the functions of the thyroid gland, it does not occur. But the excess of 1000 μg per day provokes yodinduced diseases.

With an increase in the level of iodine, hyperotherioosis occurs. It is noted not a pronounced increase in the thyroid gland, but the prerequisites for the development of the base disease, Exophthalma and Tachycardia arise.

Causes and manifestations of excess iodine

Iodine itself is a toxic element. And iodine poisoning can lead to a fatal outcome, which comes from the extensive lesion of nerve endings, edema of light and heart failure.

Excess iodine or poisoning them can be acute or chronic. Acute poisoning is the result of a one-time increase in iodine concentration for a short time. Chronic poisoning with iodine takes place with a constant intake into the body of iodine in significant quantities. Iodine poisoning (iodizan) is often the result of industrial factors.

Excess iodine may occur when inhaling the vapor of iodine, with long-term treatment with iodine containing drugs or as a result of increased sensitivity of the body. Individual intolerance can also be a source of iodine poisoning.

The main symptoms of excess iodine in the body are mucous discharges from the nose, allocating and cough, irritation of the conjunctiva in the form of redness of the eyes and tears. Conjunctivitis, blepharitis, sometimes damage to the visual nerve with a decrease in vision occurs.

With an excess of iodine, skin lesions on the face, neck, limbs in the form of acne, with a burning area and itching. Moreover, the rashes are often merged, forming painful areas. Skin lesions in an excess of iodine can be expressed by corrosive inflammation or urticaria.

Direct contact with iodine causes dermatitis or, deep and difficult to heal.

Excess iodine can cause a specific taste of metal and smell from the mouth, while the mucous membol is painted in a yellowish color.

Often there is a headache and dizziness, disorders in the throat in the form of burning and pain, hoarseness. Excess iodine can provoke such violations as the inhibition of consciousness, constant thirst, weakness, convulsions. Sometimes with iodine poisoning, there is a violation of the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, expressed by diarrhea and as a result of weight loss.

The result of an excess iodine is sometimes toxic hepatitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, violation of the kidney activities, reducing immunity with all the ensuing consequences.

Diagnosis of excess iodine is to determine its level in urine and blood.

Treatment of excess iodine

Excess iodine is adjusted, first of all, by removing the source of saturation.

Acute poisoning of iodine requires washing the stomach solution of sodium thiosulfate and cleaning skin.

At the same time, therapeutic methods of correction of the functionality of the thyroid gland and other organs and systems are used. In case of violation of water and electrolyte exchange, infusion therapy is used.

Sometimes they resort to radiation or surgical effects to reduce the activity of the thyroid gland.

The prevention of poisoning with iodine is to reduce the influence of provoking factors of the impact and accumulation of it in the body. It is possible to change the place of work, change the diet or take other measures to reduce iodine intake into the body.

Iodine is the necessary chemical element for the human body. It is necessary to normalize the functioning of the thyroid gland, to support immunity, to improve the operation of the cardiovascular system, to regulate the heat exchange processes of the body. But there are specific indicators of the number of this trace element necessary for the full functioning of the body - this is 150 micrograms for an adult, from 175 to 200 micrograms pregnant and from 50 to 120 micrograms - children. With an overpressure of iodine, various diseases are developing in the body. In the case of inhalation of the vapor iodine or the use of this trace element for a long time, inxication of the body arises, or the so-called medicine, iodiism.

Code of the ICD-10

E07 Other Thyroid Diseases

Symptoms of iodiism

Symptoms indicating the occurrence of iodiza in the body are as follows:

• Painful manifestations on the human mucosa: conjunctivitis, rhinitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis;
• Changes in the form of "iododerma" - occurs in the area of \u200b\u200bthe neck, face, on the limbs, sometimes in the field of the body as well as the scalp. Iododerma includes symptoms: scattered rashes, or "iodide acne"; tumor formations, a diameter of from 3 to 5 mm, bounded by an inflammatory rim;, urticaria; Purpurous and vesiculous rashes.
• Toxicodermia - acute inflammation of the skin, which is due to the individual intolerance to the microelerant of iodine (arises in rare cases);
• Increased salivation and tearing, rhinitis;
• Disorders in the digestion system (diarrhea with blood, vomit reaction);
• Increased temperature, thirst; Metal taste in the mouth;
• In very severe cases, breathing may findy, shortness of breath, convulsions and hallucinations;
• Yellow skin, as well as mucous, inflammatory processes in the kidneys and stomach;
• Changing the color of the oral cavity, smell when breathing;
• Feeling of burning throat, sipid voice;
• A general decrease in the immunity of the body, as a result, frequent infectious diseases.

Forms

There are two types of iodiza - acute shape and chronic. Acute intoxication, as a rule, occurs with random inhalation or reception of a huge dose of iodine in a short period. The chronic form develops gradually, in people who, as a rule, are associated with certain production. Another occurrence of chronic iodiism is an incorrectly calculated scheme of treatment with iodine-containing drugs. The chronic form of iodiism is usually difficult to determine, since its symptoms are blurred, they may coincide with many other pathological conditions, a decrease in immunity, etc.

, , , , , , , ,

Complications and consequences

Depending on the dose of iodine, which has fallen into the human body, can be different and consequences. So, in the case of an acute form of iodiism, the yoda person equivalent to two grams of crystalline iodine comes into the body of a person equivalent to two grams of crystalline iodine. In cases, less severe, there may be burges of mucous membranes, varying severity.

In case of timely provision of first medical care, the outcome of iodism can be minimized. But since the huge accumulation of iodine destroys protein structures, the consequence may be various disorders in the work of the liver, kidneys, the functioning of the CNS, as well as the cardiovascular system. Complications of iodism are also a burning of mucous membranes, various tissue swelling, the occurrence of an allergic reaction of the body. In difficult cases, with the edema of the upper respiratory tract organs, a suffocation may occur.

Diagnosis of iodiism

Conducting diagnostic measures is reduced to such procedures:

• Study and analysis of the full history of the patient's disease;
• Study of professional activities;
• Inspection of the patient (the presence of damage to the structure of the mucous membranes, the presence of acne on the face and chest area, the presence of the smell of iodine, etc.);
• A set of laboratory surveys (urine analysis, blood test, NPP-IsaP method);

Due to the accumulation of the microelerant of iodine in various organs (thyroid, skin, hair, bile, liver, kidneys, salivary glands), respectively, a series of studies are carried out for accurate diagnostics of excess iodine in different parameters. The blood test is carried out to determine the content of the thyroid hormones, the content of the pituitary hormone, urine analysis - to detect an excess iodine in Urin, the NPP-ISAP method is testing the iodine concentration on the patient's nail. The latter method of determining iodiism - atomic emission spectrometry is carried out on a special device, the principle of its action is to determine the wavelength of light emitted by a certain microelement. For this study use the nail plate of the patient.

Treatment of iodiism

In cases of acute poisoning, the skin is purified by a 2 percent solution of soda. The stomach is washed with a 5-percent solution of sodium thiosulfate. This drug is used as an antitoxic agent. In the case of poisoning of iodine salts, sodium thiosulfate is prescribed in a dosage of 1.5 - 3 grams, this corresponds to 5-10 milliliters of a 30% solution for intravenous administration. In addition, sodium thiosulfate is also prescribed inside a one-time in a dosage of 2-3 g 10% solution, which is prepared by diluting a 30% solution with saline in proportion 1: 2.

By side reactions to the drug may be allergic manifestations, sharp blood pressure jumps.

In chronic iodizm, it is necessary to stop entering the iodine into the body, i.e. Stop receiving iodine-containing drugs, eliminate work in harmful production, to prescribe a patient a special ingredient diet.

It should also be noted that various vitamin complexes and biologically active additives may contain an iodine micronutrient, therefore these drugs should also be excluded from the patient's diet.

Iodine is an important trace element to ensure the vital activity of the human body, which is necessary for the normal operation of the thyroid gland. If its quantity is reduced or rises, then a change in its functioning is disturbed - the production of thyroid hormones is disturbed. The daily yield rate should be no more than 150 μg. For pregnant women and nursing mothers, the norm increases to 175-200 μg. Children's norm is calculated depending on the age category.

Causes of Iodine redundancy in the body

An excessive amount of iodine can be obtained by eating products with a high content of this trace element, overdose by iodine-containing drugs, vitamin complexes. Passionate treatment with the help of folk remedies with iodine in the composition also leads to excessive accumulations in the human body.

Often an excess of this trace element occurs in people who are involved in the production of chemicals containing iodine.

The high content of the microelement in the body causes:

• allergic reaction;
• damage to the mucous membrane of the respiration organs, skin cover, salivary glands;
• the appearance of blisters, purple on the body.

An individual susceptibility of iodine can affect the body, it is possible that its large amount will provoke poisoning.

Symptoms

Violations in the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, and as a result of the entire endocrine system, which arose due to the redundancy of iodine is manifested in the following symptoms:

1. 1. The patient intensifies appetite, it eats portions several times more in size than the previous ones, but begins to lose weight due to accelerable metabolism. This is accompanied by dysfunctions in the operation of the gastrointestinal tract, is expressed by nausea, the journey of the chair.
2. 2. The work of the cardiovascular system is disturbed due to an excessive amount of substances containing nitrogen. It affects the work of the heart muscle, causing a reinforced pulse.
3. 3. There are failures in energy thermal exchange.
4. 4. As a result of the violation of the fiv cell splitting process, atherosclerosis develops.
5. 5. There is a general weakness, a decrease in ability to work, over time the skeleton and teeth are destroyed, seeding appears.

What diseases may develop due to excess iodine in the body?

A large amount of iodine causes the following diseases:

1. 1. Hyperthyroidism. Since there is more trace element in the body than necessary, the active work of the thyroid gland begins. It produces much more hormones, which leads to a hormonal imbalance. Their enlarged production again activates the excess of iodine. The cycle becomes infinite, and it is possible to stop it only at an early stage. Without timely treatment, the consequences become irreversible. The overabundance of substances and hormones affects not only the functioning of the endocrine system, but also at the work of the other organism systems.
2. 2. Basedova disease. The human body takes the immune and endocrine system as alien, so begins to prevent their work. Most often the harm is caused by the thyroid gland, which protects itself to the activation of iodine production.

Basned Diseases are characterized by such signs:

1. 1. The patient has constantly wide open eyes, because of which the mucous membrane dries. Conjunctivitis appears. Over time, visual acuity is reduced, its complete loss is possible.
2. 2. There is an increase in nervousness, irritability and anxiety. A person cannot fall asleep that still negatively reflects on the state of his health.
3. 3. The cardiovascular system is characterized by the appearance of painful sensations, high pressure and failure in the heart rhythm.
4. 4. Carbohydrates begin to recycle poorly, and this becomes a factor in the development of diabetes.
5. 5. The adrenal glands cease to produce the right number of hormones. For men, it is fraught with impotence, and for women - infertility.
6. 6. At the location of the thyroid, the goiter begins to grow due to its increase in size.

Goiter on the place of the thyroid gland

Widely opened eyes with base disease

How to identify an excess iodine?

To do this, you will need a cotton wand and iodine, which is used for processing RAS:

1. 1. Before bedtime on the outside of the hip or stomach, you need to draw a iodine mesh. In the morning you need to see how well she absorbed. If it is noticeable half, then the body does not suffer from an excess of iodine. But if throughout the day the grid remained in the same time, then its number exceeded the norm.
2. 2. The same procedure can be carried out in the morning, then the result will be more accurate, because when waking up the whole organism works actively. It is necessary to make a iodine strip on the inside of the forearm and watch out how it absorbs the skin during the day. If in the evening it is almost no - everything is in order.
3. 3. The last way is the most accurate. Before bedtime, 3 strips of iodine of different sizes should be applied to the inside of the forearm: from the thinnest to thick. If there is no first in the morning, the second became pale, and the third did not change - iodine in the body is normal. But if the bands are almost not visible or they completely disappeared, then this indicates a yododeformation that carries no less danger than the overabundance.

These ways are suitable if a person simply decided to make sure in the normal operation of the endocrine system, and at the same time he feels good. But when identifying the above symptoms, you should urgently visit the doctor for a detailed examination and obtaining proper treatment. If a specialist suspects an excess of iodine in the body, then an analysis assigns to determine its level in blood and urine.

Treatment of excess iodine

Since the increased concentration of iodine threatens disruption in the balance of hormones and metabolism, it is necessary to seek help to an endocrinologist.

Hyperthyroidism is detected through a laboratory blood test. Basedov disease can be found thanks to a special thyroid shot - scintigraphy.

For the treatment of hyperthyroidism, a comprehensive approach is required, including:

• elimination of the cause of increasing iodine in the body;
• medication therapy;
• the impact is radiation or surgically designed to reduce the activity of the thyroid gland.

In the initial stage of Bases, the disease is also treated with medicines. If it does not bring a positive effect, then surgery is carried out - a small segment of damaged increased gland is cut.

This method does not always work, so radioactive iodine is introduced in certain situations (for adults only). It damages the thyroid gland, which significantly reduces its performance, and approaches the normal level of operation.

Folk ways

Folk treatments do not always provide assistance in serious diseases, but together with drugs sometimes show a good result. Display iodine from the body will work out if you correct the power. Every day it is necessary to use lentils, beans, peanuts, cabbage, soy, corn, it will help to quickly eliminate the surplus of the trace element. They do not reduce the production of iodine, but do not allow him to be assumed. With the strengthened work of the thyroid gland, the dairy products, eggs and kissels on the starch should be included in the diet.

Iodine is the element that the human body is not able to produce independently. The iodine performs a vital function - is responsible for the normal operation of metabolic processes, controls the work of the thyroid gland. You can get this element with air or food. The excess of iodine is also dangerous as its lack, so it is necessary to adhere to the rules of consumption of this element so that the body does not give failures.

We all know that iodine is a lot in the sea air, and people who live by the sea usually do not need an element so sharply. Unfortunately, most people of our country sees the sea only in the summer, and in the rest of the time the city can be breath, in which iodine and not close. Nevertheless, iodine can even be poisoned. For example, if you inhale his pairs for a long time, or overdo it with iodine-containing drugs. Some manufacturing enterprises also have unnecessary iodine pairs. Sometimes people with diseases of the thyroid gland prescribe a visit to salt rooms or special iodine therapy. The number of inhaled vapors should be clearly dosed, and this is sometimes very difficult to check.

What is dangerous excess iodine

The excess of iodine is much more dangerous than its disadvantage. As well as with the lack of iodine, the first thyroid gland suffers. The excess amount of iodine provokes a violation of the mining of thyroxine hormone, which is responsible for the correct metabolism and provokes disorders of the endocrine system. This condition negatively affects the work of the entire hormonal system of man, so

Symptoms of excess iodine in the body

• In case of failures with the work of the thyroid gland, a person has a change in behavior - it becomes irritable, aggressive, rude. Increases sweating, the mood changes every hour. A chair disorder may be observed, harsh body weights. Problems with thyroid gland in women are often confused with the onset of climax. During this period, it is necessary to take particularly carefully to look at their state, and it is possible to do ultrasound.
• Cardiac rhythm is broken, blood pressure jumps appear.

When poisoning, the iodine can even die. Depending on the concentration, iodine can be very toxic. One-time dose of element in the dosage of 3 g is able to kill a person.

With iodine poisoning, people may develop such symptoms as:

• panic attacks;
• vomiting, nausea;
• convulsions;
• swelling of the lungs, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing;
• paranoia, hallucinations, aggressive behavior;
• tear;
• metal taste in the mouth;
• the appearance of the goiter on the neck;
• angry rash on face and body;
• ground inflammation on the skin;
• staining of the mucosa in a yellowish shade;
• headache, noise in the ears, dizziness.

Treatment of excess iodine in the body

In the presence of suspicious symptoms, you need to immediately visit the endocrinologist's doctor. It will prescribe the necessary tests and ultrasound of the thyroid gland. With the identified pathologies, surgery is sometimes required, aimed at reducing the activity of the thyroid gland. Today there are innovative treatment methods - radiation and laser therapy.

With acute iodine poisoning, an ambulance will urgently need to cause. Under the conditions of the hospital, the victim is made by washing the stomach solution of sodium thiosulfate.

If an excess iodine is uncritical, a patient is assigned a diet that excludes iodine-containing products. It may be relevant to change the place of work, if for example it works in harmful production.

If the excess iodine is caused by the area of \u200b\u200bresidence, then the diet is also shown, and drinking water should be filtered, with minimal iodine content in the composition. By the way, in our country in some regions there is an increased iodine content in tap water. Such water is not suitable for constant consumption, if a person has already had problems with thyroid gland.

Prevention of excess iodine in the body

In our country, the problem of excess iodine is much less common than the problem of its lack. Nevertheless, both states are considered pathological and require correction. To determine the level of iodine in the body, it is not necessary to pass tests. You can spend an easy test at home. Buy a liquid iodine solution in the pharmacy, prepare a cotton wand. After the soul, apply the iodine strip on the forearm from the inside. Rate the result after 12 hours (before the next trip to the shower). If the strip disappeared, you need iodine. It is necessary to think about the reception of drugs with this element or complex vitamins. If the strip remains on the spot - iodine in your excess. Contact an endocrinologist. The strip spawned a little, but still left the trail - you're all right, and iodine you have enough.