Antispasmodics - medicines to eliminate painful sensations provoked by smooth muscle spasms. These pharmacological preparations not only reduce the severity of symptoms, but are also used in complex therapy various diseases. Most often, antispasmodics are used in the treatment of pathologies of the urinary and cardiovascular system, as well as the gastrointestinal tract. Manufacturers release drugs in the form injection solutions, tablets, capsules, pills, rectal suppositories. In recipes traditional medicine mentions herbs, flowers and roots with antispasmodic properties.

Acting on smooth muscle internal organs, antispasmodics eliminate the cause of pain

Characteristic features of medicines

The human musculature consists of smooth and striated muscles. The contractions of the latter are controlled by the central nervous system. With the help of striated muscles, a person maintains balance, moves, changes the position of the body in space. They are mainly located in the limbs, trunk, neck and head. Smooth muscle is located in the walls:

• lymphatic vessels;
• arteries;
• capillaries.

Hollow internal organs are reduced due to the presence of smooth muscle membranes. They keep everyone toned blood vessels, thanks to them, food moves along the gastrointestinal tract. If a person could control smooth muscles, then there would be no problems in various systems of his life. But this type of muscle is under the control of the autonomic system, therefore, innervation disorders and other disorders lead to spasms.

Restore the functional activity of the stomach, intestines, bile or bladder medicines help. These include antispasmodics, which relax the smooth muscles of the hollow internal organs. As a result of a decrease in the tone of muscle fibers, discomfort, provoked by spasms, is quickly stopped.

Classification

Spastic pain is an integral part of the clinical picture of many diseases. Their treatment begins with the use of antispasmodics, which relieve symptoms, allow for a full etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy... Some of these drugs (for example) work only on the smooth muscle of certain internal organs. This selectivity helps to avoid complications and unwanted consequences. Other antispasmodics () affect all smooth muscles in the human body. This significantly limits the range of patients in whose treatment such drugs can be used.

Warning: “Broad-spectrum antispasmodics are used with caution in the treatment of pregnant women. The drugs affect the uterus, which can cause premature birth. Women carrying a child should be serious about choosing pills, even for a banal headache. "

Antispasmodics are available in various dosage forms, including rectal suppositories

Myotropic drugs

Under the action of myotropic antispasmodics, the ionic balance in the cell membranes changes as a result of a direct effect on smooth muscle muscles. The contractile activity of cells decreases after the start of complex biochemical reactions. Antispasmodics of this group are able to relax the smooth muscles of certain internal organs, reducing the severity of pain and discomfort. These medicines include:

• Bencyclan;
• Galidor;
• Drotaverin;
• Hymecromon;
• Nitroglycerine;
• Isosorbide dinitrate;
• Bendazole;
• Hymecromon;
• Mebeverin.

Myotropic antispasmodics are used for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, menstrual pain, digestive disorders of a neurogenic etiology. They quickly reduce the tone of the smooth muscle of the organs. Papaverine hydrochloride normalizes the internal conductivity of the heart muscle.

Warning: "Antispasmodics different types can not be taken without a doctor's prescription. The drugs have various contraindications, among which intestinal infections, Crohn's disease, childhood. "

Neurotropic drugs

Neurotropic antispasmodics are drugs that can affect the conduction of impulses in the autonomic nervous system. Such drugs have not a direct, but an indirect effect on the smooth muscle muscles of the internal organs. They are used in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory and biliary tract, organs of the urinary system and the digestive tract. In addition to medicinal, neurotropic drugs also show antispasmodic properties. The following drugs have the greatest therapeutic efficacy:

• Difacil;
• Buscopan;
• Scopolamine arpenal;
• Hyoscyamine;
• Platyphyllin;
• Aprofen;
• Atropine sulfate;
• Ganglefen.

Neurotropic antispasmodics can differ in the mechanism of action on smooth muscle muscles. Some drugs normalize the innervation of impulses to the central nervous system due to its ability to influence receptors located in blood vessels. Due to this mechanism, the activity of the endocrine glands decreases, the heart rate increases, and the secretion of gastric juice increases.

The second group of neurotropic antispasmodics acts more selectively. They affect directly the receptors in the bladder, urethra, stomach, intestines. The active substances of these drugs do not penetrate into the smooth muscle fibers of the internal organs of other vital systems.

No-shpa is one of the most commonly used antispasmodics for pain relief.

Neuromyotropic drugs

This type of antispasmodic exhibits myotropic and neurotropic properties. Medicines are included in this group not only by chemical composition, but also on the complex effect on the smooth muscle muscles of the internal organs and blood vessels. Camilofin has a neuromyotropic effect due to its structure, while other drugs contain several ingredients with certain antispasmodic properties.

Combined drugs

For combined, or complex, antispasmodics, several therapeutic effects are characteristic. Baralgin, Spazgan, Spazmalgon have analgesic and antispasmodic effects. Some medicines help to stop inflammatory process and even reduce elevated temperature body. As a result, the human condition improves by eliminating the cause of the pathology and the symptoms provoked by it.

Therapeutic properties

There is another classification of antispasmodics, which took into account the general therapeutic effect of drugs on the human body. Also tablets and solutions for injection show side effects that do not allow their use in the therapy of patients with chronic diseases... For example, some antispasmodics can reduce arterial pressure... They cannot be taken to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract for hypotensive patients.

Pain relievers

Doctors recommend these medicines to patients diagnosed with cholecystitis, pancreatitis, biliary colic. They are effective for painful cramps during your period. Due to the ability to dilate blood vessels, analgesic antispasmodics are used for the following pathologies:

• migraines;
• arterial hypertension;
• disorders of the blood supply to the brain.

Some antispasmodics relieve pain in the heart, while others act on smooth muscles located in the bronchi. This group includes drugs (Duspatalin), which are used in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system. They not only reduce the severity of pain after eating, but also help to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract.

Vasodilator

The group of myotropic antispasmodics includes drugs with a vasodilating effect, which occurs due to the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the hollow internal organs and blood vessels. The drugs are used primarily to relieve pain. Myotropic antispasmodics are used not only to treat organs of various vital systems, but also as a prophylactic agent to prevent recurrence of chronic pathologies.

Euphyllin exhibits not only the properties of an antispasmodic, but is also capable of expanding blood vessels. This drug is often used in an injection dosage form to reduce persistent venous or intracranial pressure. Euphyllin is not used to treat patients with coronary insufficiency, since one of its side effects - tachycardia.

Hypotensive

Nicotinic acid, Phenobarbital and Papaverine hydrochloride are used in combination to relieve spasms of blood vessels located in the brain and lower blood pressure. The use of antispasmodics in the treatment of hypertensive patients is most important in atherosclerosis. Drotaverine, although slightly, lowers blood pressure. This drug does not affect the cause of the pathology, but it well eliminates its main symptom - headache.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are often accompanied by pain. It is caused by smooth muscle spasm and can be unbearable. Drugs that can relieve muscle spasms are antispasmodics. There is an extensive list of medicines that relieve bowel discomfort. It is useful for each person to learn to understand them.

With pain in the intestines due to illness, it is permissible to take antispasmodics to eliminate discomfort.

What are antispasmodics?

The antispasmodic acts either directly on the muscles, or on the process of transmitting impulses along the nerve endings. There are also drugs that combine both functions. The main goal is to relieve smooth muscle spasms. Smooth muscles are located in the skin, sensory organs, forms the internal organs and walls of blood vessels. She obeys the autonomic nervous system.

Drugs that help with cramps come in the form of:

• tablets;
• tinctures;
• capsules;
• candles;
• drops;
• ampoules;
• herbal preparations.

Depending on the mechanism of action, certain groups of medicines are distinguished.

Neurotropic antispasmodics

Neurotropic antispasmodics act directly on the central nervous system, blocking pain in the intestines.

Such pharmaceuticals prevent the nerve impulse from reaching the muscle directly from the brain. Some of them affect the brain itself. There are also more selective ones, they work locally with nerve endings in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. The action of these funds is based on M-anticholinergics.

Remember that neurotropic substancesthat affect the brain have side effects. Heartbeats can become more frequent, pressure can increase, neurohumoral function decreases (one of the forms of body regulation).

A tool that works directly with receptors is more gentle. It only affects pain in the intestines, and does not affect other human organs.

Myotropic funds

Such antispasmodics do not affect the nervous system at all. These are substances that work in the muscles. They prevent potassium ions and some enzymes from entering the cells, which reduces pain. These medications are often prescribed for bowel disorders. They may be based on:

• drotaverin (the most famous - "No-Shpa");
• papaverine (the most famous is “Papaverine”);
• mebeverin (Niaspam, Sparex);
• trimebutin ("Trimedat" and "Neobutin").

Neuromyotropic drugs

This group combines both actions. This effect is achieved through a combination of two or more active ingredients.

Herbal antispasmodic medicines that block spasm. Certain herbs act on the intestinal muscles. Fennel, mint, belladonna, tansy, chamomile - these plants are able to remove spasms without side effects. On their basis, tablets, syrups and other drugs are made.

Neuromyotropic antispasmodics are prescribed for children to relieve pain in the intestines.

Herbal antispasmodics are often prescribed for children. Pain in the intestines can manifest itself literally from infancy in the form of colic. They cause great discomfort to the baby. Colic is not usually considered a disease, but despite this, they cause anxiety, disrupt sleep, the child's regimen, and directly affect general state, and, besides, they cause a lot of trouble for parents.

It is often possible to reduce suffering with the help of special syrups and suspensions. Syrups based on herbal ingredients are often prescribed. For example, "Plantex" blocks intestinal spasms and is safe for children. The preparation "Azulan" was made on the basis of chamomile, "Tanacekhol" - on the basis of tansy. There are other similar medicines.

Complex antispasmodic drugs

This is a complex of substances that relieves spasms and other symptoms. For example, these medications can reduce fever and inflammation. They will not only eliminate the pain, but also remove the cause of the disease. So, "Pentalgin" is prescribed not only in case of spasm, but also in case of fever. "Spazmolgon" effectively relieves pain and is prescribed for high blood pressure... From appoint "Novigan", it also helps with migraines and pain in the joints. The versatility of these drugs makes them very popular.

Many plants have the ability to relieve pain, which can be used as an alternative solution to pills.

Spasmolytic herbs for the intestines

The safest and most contraindicated helpers. Herbs have long been used in the treatment of pain. Before buying tablets or syrups, you can take herbal decoctions: chamomile, oregano, tansy, calamus, immortelle, oregano. They are sold in the pharmacy in the form of ready-made fees. For children, there are special medicinal teas that help with colic.

When to apply and how to treat?

Antispasmodic drugs - tablets, syrups or suppositories for the intestines, are prescribed when a person is diagnosed with a violation in the work of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Ailments such as gastritis, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer always accompanied by excruciating pain for a person. In this case, medicines of this group reduce the manifestations of the disease, and also in some cases affect its cause: reduce inflammation, tone, fever. It should be remembered that only a doctor can choose the right drug.

The choice of pharmacological names is very extensive, and it is possible to prescribe a specific one only knowing the picture of the disease. For example, medications based on anticholinergics are prescribed, in addition to pain, with excessive secretion in the intestine. In a similar way, a number of complex drugs are prescribed not only for pain, but also for other symptoms: fever, high blood pressure.

Pain in the intestines with antispasmodics must be relieved without fail for pregnant women and children.

These medications also play a leading role in relieving colic discomfort in newborns. Often, discomfort can only be eliminated with the help of children's syrups, drops or special herbs for colic. Pregnancy is often accompanied by intestinal discomfort. In such cases, it is sometimes advisable to prescribe medication.

When breastfeeding, drugs based on drotaverine are prescribed, but only in special cases.

For older people, bowel problems are often particularly acute. In addition, patients in this category cannot endure pain for a long time. Taking pills can be just a salvation for them. But some antispasmodic medications can cause constipation, a problem that worries older people. Therefore, tablets, suppositories, drops from a spasm in the intestines should have the mildest effect.

There are also specific prescriptions for various bowel diseases.

• With pancreatitis, antispasmodics of the myotropic group are prescribed. They relieve spasms in a few minutes. In some cases, the effect occurs in half an hour.
• With gastritis, medications are prescribed, which include anticholinergics. These substances reduce acidity, which in some cases is justified in this disease.
• With colitis, both myotropic and neurotropic antispasmodics are prescribed. Also, with diarrhea, it is appropriate complex treatment, in order not only to remove the spasm, but also to reduce too active peristalsis.

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Antispasmodics - drugs belonging to the group of pharmaceuticals intended for effective and prompt pain relief with a strong negative effect on the body. The group of medications under consideration actively copes with severe pains, which have a diverse "nature" of origin, ranging from the inflicted injury to menstrual pain.

Mechanism of action

Using antispasmodics, almost any pain can be removedassociated with gastrointestinal problems, mechanical trauma (shock, malaise during the rehabilitation period after fractures), menstruation.

Expert opinion

Prikhodko Arkady Arkadyevich

Doctor-rheumatologist - city polyclinic, Moscow.

Ask your question to a neurologist for free

Irina Martynova. Graduated from Voronezh State Medical University. N.N. Burdenko. Clinical resident and neurologist BUZ VO \\ "Moscow polyclinic \\".

Education: FGBNU NIIR named after V.A. Nasonova, Astrakhan State medical Academy.

After taking the medicine, muscle relaxation occurs in the area of \u200b\u200bpain formation, as well as blocking of nerve irritating impulses. Thus, the painful spasm is relieved. As a result, the pain subsides.

Pharmacological group

The drugs in question belong to the group of "antispasmodics", which includes, inter alia, herbal (natural) products.

Types of antispasmodics

There are several types of antispasmodics in pharmaceuticals. Based on the mechanism of action, antispasmodics are divided into:

• Myotropic.
• Neurotropic.

Neurotropic antispasmodics

The use of drugs in this category helps to stop nerve impulses coming from the smooth muscles of the internal organs.

In turn, antispasmodics of neurotropic action are divided into numerous types.

M-anticholinergics
Pharmaceutical agents are aimed at arresting m-cholinergic receptors, as well as destroying the connection between acetylcholine and m-cholinergic receptors. The drugs are used mainly for suppressing gastrointestinal colic.

Examples of M-anticholinergics:

• "Adefinin".
• "Atropine".
• Scopolamine.
• "Pirenzepine".
• Platyphylline Hydrotartrate.

Anticholinergics
Means of this type block the action of acetylcholine, which is a conductor in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Expert opinion

Filimoshin Oleg Alexandrovich

Doctor - neurologist, city polyclinic in Orenburg. Education: Orenburg State Medical Academy, Orenburg.

Drugs are used for acute pain spasms caused by asthma, gastrointestinal problems.

Examples of anticholinergics:

• Scopolamine.
• "Gomatropin".
• "Metacin".
• "Saracen".

Myolytics
Facilities have a relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the bronchi. Medications are used to suppress bronchial spasms.

Examples of myolytics:

• "Theodur".
• Ventax Euphilong.
• "Theotard".
• "Teopek".

Vasodilators
They have a neurotropic antispasmodic effect, in which the vascular tone is removed by suppressing nerve structures.

Examples of antispasmodics with vasodilating effects:

• "Papaverine hydrochloride".
• "Euphyllin".
• "No-Shpa".
• "Theobromine".
• "Nikoshpan".

Nitrite
Are applied with painful spasms in the heart... Drugs of this type have a myotropic effect, that is, they relieve pain while reducing blood flow to the heart.

Examples of nitrites:

• "Sustak".
• Erinit.
• "Nitroglycerine".

Myotropic antispasmodics

The action of the funds of this subgroup targets the cellular structure of the muscles, changes biomechanics, which leads to the removal of painful spasms.

Medications of this subgroup are divided into the following types:

• Selective.
• Non-selective.

Selective antispasmodics
The drugs of this subgroup are distinguished by their selectivity of action.

They are mainly used to solve problems with gastrointestinal pain syndromes.

Examples of selective antispasmodics:

• Mebeverin.
• Loperamide.
• Duspatalin.

Non-selective antispasmodics
Medicines of this subspecies do not have selectivity in their action when eliminating pain.

Examples of non-selective antispasmodics:

• Solpadein.

Antispasmodics: natural and artificial

By the nature of origin, the drugs in question are divided into:

• Artificial. Medicines produced on the basis of artificial chemical compounds (Bendazol, Driptan, Avisan, Enablex, Plantex, etc.).
• Natural. Means produced on the basis of herbs (marsh calamus, common tansy, mint, pharmacy lovage, Chernobyl).

Indications

Despite the variety of antispasmodics, they have the following list of common effective actions for the sudden onset of pain spasms:

• Removal of acute pain in gastrointestinal tract... A couple of tablets are enough to relieve pain in the abdomen, side, etc.
• Relief of painful syndromes with irritable bowel.
• smooth muscles of internal organs.

Contraindications

To antispasmodics should be approached with caution... Each drug has its own contraindications. However, they have some general contraindications that you need to familiarize yourself with before using them.

Only the attending physician can determine exactly which medications can be prescribed to the patient, based on his associated pathologies, so as not to harm the body.

Such general contraindications include the following points:

• When a megacolon is found (enlarged colon).
• Crohn's disease.
• When colitis is established (separate subspecies).
• The presence of tuberculosis (regardless of the stage).
• With intestinal pathologies associated with the active development of microbes.

The patient should use drugs of antispasmodic effects only after medical examination, or remember about his comorbidities.

special instructions

Both types of antispasmodics (neurotropic, myotropic) have general guidelines for their use. This is important for every patient to know before taking them.

• Pregnancy. Using antispasmodics during pregnancy, women risk the fetus, since some components can affect the development of the unborn child. It is possible to take such drugs as "Papaverine", "", "Riabal".
• Coordination. Such medications, like "Drotaverin", can cause some state of inhibition in actions, drowsiness. For this reason, injections or antispasmodic pills should be avoided for professional drivers and people who often get behind the wheel of a car. This also applies to "Solifenacin".
• The vast majority of antispasmodics are prohibited for use in childhoodthough, there are some exceptions. "Drotaverin" - from 2 years old, "Hyoscine butylbromide" - from 8 years old, "Pinaveria bromide" - from 14 years old. It is advisable to use products of natural origin. Having made a decoction of special herbs that bring an analgesic effect, you can protect the child from serious side effects.
• Elderly people. Should be prescribed with caution, taking into account the advanced age of patients in this group. This is due to the presence of possible concomitant pathologies that can cause serious condition in the body.

In addition, there are special instructions and on the storage of antispasmodic drugs. Leaving funds in the reach of children is not permissible.

A cool and dark storage area has a positive effect on the shelf life of antispasmodics.

Overdose

In the event of an overdose, antispasmodics can give the following negative reactions on the body:

• Dyspeptic disorders, including vomiting, nausea.
• The patient may feel extreme dizziness.
• Severe lethargy, loss of physical tone.

Side effects

Care should be taken when choosing one or another antispasmodic, based on possible side effects. Possible side effects are as follows:

• Convulsions are not excluded.
• Allergic reactions in the form of urticaria, rash, erythema, itching.
• The course of taking a medication may be accompanied by flatulence.

Complex preparations

Means of this type possess wide range actionsthat can help with almost any pain that occurs, regardless of the nature of its origin. Such funds help with pain (relieve angiospasms) of vascular diseases, with pain anxiety in the lower back, with problems of cerebral circulation.

Thus, the combined means combine the ability to eliminate spasms of both smooth muscles and blood vessels.

The following complex medicines are most in demand:

• "Spazmalgon".
• "Spazgan".

What antispasmodic to use?

When eliminating pain spasm the result will be achieved fasterif you use certain means.

Use for osteochondrosis

There are many recipes to get rid of headaches with cervical osteochondrosis. However, the most effective of all is the use of "Baralgin".

For osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, tablets "Drotaverina" and "Papaverina" are effective.

These medicines not only improve blood circulation in the cervical spine, but also successfully relieve muscle tension, which leads to the long-awaited relief of the patient's condition.

If the lower back is the main painful area for osteochondrosis, then you should use specialized injections. With osteochondrosis lumbar injections "Mydocalm" confirmed their effectiveness. The medication has a general effect, so it can help with osteochondrosis in various parts of the spine. After a couple of injections of "Mydocalm", the patient will feel noticeable relief, as well as an improvement in walking and turning the arms. This is due to the presence of lidocaine in the injections, which creates a powerful anesthetic effect. In the overwhelming majority of cases, if it acquires especially severe forms, doctors must resort to help "".

Use for headaches

Antispasmodic medications easily solve the problem with sudden severe headaches. Doctors recommend taking "Bencyclan", "Drotaverin", "Papaverin" for spasms of the cerebral vessels.

These remedies normalize blood circulation in the neck, which brings additional oxygen to the brain, and also relieves muscle stiffness.

Conclusion on the topic

Suddenly surging pain does not make sense to endure if it is of a prolonged nature. It is advisable to use antispasmodics in case of helplessness of analgesics. It is important to remember that the use of antispasmodics should be coordinated with your doctor. Only a specialist can give optimal recommendations on the use of one or another drug of the considered group of painkillers. Otherwise, it may cause collateral damage to the patient's health.

For this reason, it is advisable to read the instructions for the antispasmodic, or visit the therapist's office.

Diseases of the genitourinary system are one of the most common pathologies in people, regardless of age, and this figure is growing every year.

According to statistics, symptoms of diseases are more common in women, however, such diseases are not uncommon in men.

Unfortunately, patients often do not pay attention to the first symptoms of the disease - pain and self-medicate, trying to stop it, moreover, choosing the wrong drugs.

Diseases of the genitourinary system in most cases are accompanied by severe pain syndrome, which can be stopped with the help of specific pharmacological agents - antispasmodics.

general information

Antispasmodics are a complex of pharmacological agents that weaken or completely eliminate spasms of smooth muscles of internal organs and blood vessels.

By their action, the drugs help to relax the muscles, relieve spasm and, as a result, significantly reduce the pain syndrome.

The main advantages of using antispasmodics, in contrast to other pain relievers, is that, by eliminating or preventing the development of spasm, the drugs do not interfere with the pain mechanism and do not "erase" symptoms in severe clinical picture, which can complicate the diagnosis.

Due to their main functions, they are used in the following cases:

• if the spasm does not play a role in the mechanism of the development of the disease;
• if spasm is the basis of a pathological condition;
• premedication preparation for a variety of procedures.

Healing properties

Almost all urological diseases are accompanied by pain of varying intensity, therefore antispasmodics are used in urological practice all the time.

In the therapy of the genitourinary system, they are used for the following diseases:

• cystitis;
• neuromuscular dysfunction of the bladder;
• pyelonephritis;
• nephroptosis;
• glomerulonephritis.

When choosing antispasmodics for the treatment of urological diseases, the doctor takes into account the compatibility of drugs with other pharmacological agents, the patient's individual intolerance, and the harm-benefit ratio for the body.

Classification

Each of the diseases of the genitourinary system has its own specifics and course, therefore, drugs for therapy are selected on an individual basis.

The most important step in the treatment of urological diseases is the correct determination of the necessary drugs and their mechanisms of action, so that our treatment would give the greatest effect.

By the mechanism of action

Modern pharmacology has developed two types of antispasmodics, differing in the mechanism of action.

1. Neutropic (anticholinergics) - acting directly on muscle cells, changing the chemical processes that take place in them. These substances have a targeted effect on nerve receptors.
2. Myotropic - affecting the transmission of nerve impulses to the nerves and altering the course of biochemical processes in smooth muscle cells. Thus, these substances, entering the body, reduce the content of certain ions in the cytoplasm of cells, which helps relieve spasm.

This group includes:

• Drotaverin;
• Papaverine;
• Nitroglycerine;
• Otilonium bromide;
• Mebeverin;
• Galidor;
• Gimecron;
• Benziklav.

In recent years, another group of drugs has been differentiated, which includes both mechanisms of action on spasm at once - neuromyotropic drugs, but they are used extremely rarely.

The drugs of each of the three groups are used strictly according to the indications, only the doctor can determine the substance of which mechanism of action is best used in each specific situation, since the wrong choice will not only not relieve the pain syndrome, but can aggravate the situation.

By origin

Antispasmodics are also classified according to the origin of the active ingredients. There are two groups of drugs:

• natural or plant origin;
• pharmacological or artificial origin.

Pharmacological drugs that suppress spasms appeared not so long ago, but people suffered from urinary diseases throughout their existence, so it is not surprising that in ancient times pain symptoms were stopped with the help of herbal remedies, which are herbal antispasmodics.

These natural remedies are:

• lovage;
• may lily of the valley;
• tansy;
• mint;
• belladonna;
• oregano;
• calamus marsh;
• henbane.

These funds have their own characteristics, their main advantage is the minimum of contraindications, but they do not have the ability to stop severe pain syndromes.

Artificial drugs are able to relieve pain of any intensity, but they have a significant disadvantage - a large number of contraindications and possible negative effects on the body.

Release forms

To achieve the maximum effect of the antispasmodic, in each case, a specific form of release of the active substance is selected. So in urology, the following list of antispasmodic drugs is used:

One and the same drug, for example Drotaverin, can be produced in different forms, each of which is used depending on the disease, the severity of the patient, his age.

Indications for use

Almost every urological disease is characterized by the occurrence of pain syndrome, the relief of which improves the patient's quality of life.

Most antispasmodics are over-the-counter, so it's easy to get them at the pharmacy.

When relieving spasms of the genitourinary system, it is often used, active substance trospium chloride.

It is used to treat urinary incontinence, bladder dysfunction. However, you cannot prescribe it yourself, since it has a fairly wide range of contraindications.

A universal antispasmodic is No-shpa or Drotaverin. The drug relieves of various nature and intensity, reduces the tone of the bladder, has a strong analgesic effect and stabilizes the urge to urinate.

To relieve even a pronounced pain syndrome in cystitis, patients are prescribed Alfuzosin, it relaxes the smooth muscles of the bladder neck, but it should be combined with antihistamines to eliminate tissue edema.

With renal colic

Spasmolytic therapy for pyelonephritis is used not only to relieve pain, but also to expand the renal tubules and ureters.

The most commonly used are Drotaverin, No-shpa, and Papaverine, which, in addition to relieving spasm, helps to normalize pressure, which means that normal blood flow in the kidney is restored. In addition, it is widely used - a plant-based drug that relieves spasm well, - which has an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effect, Bespa, Spakovin, Buscopan.

Other pathologies

There are many diseases of the genitourinary system and antispasmodics are shown in the therapy of almost every one of them. In addition to the above means in urology, the following are used:

• with jade - Renelle N - homeopathic medicine with anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects;
• with hydronephrosis - Panaveria bromide, Barboval;
• when Euphyllin, Papazol can be used.

The list of pharmacological agents is very wide, and in each case, medicines are selected according to the individual characteristics of the patient.

During pregnancy and childhood

Kidney disease in pregnant women is not uncommon, and antispasmodics are also present in therapy.

It is forbidden to prescribe many drugs to expectant mothers, as they can cause significant harm to the health of the fetus. Approved remedies for pregnant women are:

• Drotaverin and No-shpa in tablets and injections;
• Papaverine in suppositories, capsules and solutions;
• Papazol tablets.

They are prescribed with caution, since when they are taken, tachycardia, constipation and hypotension may occur. It is strictly forbidden to use Benziklav, Dicycloverin, Hyoscin, Butylbromide for expectant mothers

All manufacturers of antispasmodics are interested that the drug can be used in children's practice, therefore drugs are produced in special forms - drops or suppositories.

Drotaverin and No-shpa are allowed for children from 1 year old, and daily dose is 40 -100 mg, divided into several doses, for children from 6 years of age, the dose is 80 -200 mg.

Dibazol is also used in children's practice, which is available in tablets, ampoules and powder with the addition of glucose. The drug is used regardless of the age of the baby, for children under 12 months, the daily dose is up to 1 mg, at the age of 1-12 years from 2 to 5 mg per day.

For children under one year old, the injection form of drugs is most often used, after a year, candle drops and tablets can be used.

It is forbidden to use Hyoscine butylpromide and Pinaveria bromide as antispasmodics for children.

Natural antispasmodics

Herbal antispasmodics, although they do not have a strong analgesic effect, have practically no contraindications.

Infusions of peppermint, fennel fruits, tansy, henbane have a slight antispasmodic effect.

A good effect is observed when using decoctions of anise, dioecious nettle. Herbal remedies can be used to relieve spasms of almost every urological condition.

For example, with ICD mild pain will help relieve the regular use of the following infusion: take 1 part of chamomile flowers, St. John's wort, mint, sage, and 2 parts of plantain; 1 tbsp. pour a spoonful of the mixture with a glass of water, leave for a quarter of an hour in a water bath, cool for 45 minutes at room temperature and take a quarter glass 5 times a day.

Also, decoctions from, nettle, black elderberry are used to relieve spasms.

Natural antispasmodics are actively used for babies - peppermint, fennel oil, anise, dill.

Contraindications

Antispasmodics should be used with caution, as they have a number of contraindications. In the treatment of urological diseases, they cannot be used if there is a history of:

• crohn's disease;
• allergic reactions;
• megacolon;
• enlargement of the colon.

Even the most popular Drotaverin (No-shpy) has a number of contraindications - it is better not to prescribe it for atherosclerosis coronary arteries and glaucoma, heart and kidney failure.

Papaverine is not used in the treatment of elderly and debilitated patients, with traumatic brain injury, hypothyroidism.

Before using the drugs, you should carefully read the instructions, since some of them reduce concentration of attention, therefore, driving a car while taking them is prohibited.

Antispasmodics should be used only after medical advice. When taking them, it is important not to allow an overdose and strictly follow all medical recommendations.

In case of symptoms of an overdose of the drug, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Pain is one of the main symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction. It provokes pain in the intestines, usually a spasm. In addition, in gynecology, with pathology urinary tract and other painful manifestations associated with smooth muscles, myotropic antispasmodics have been developed to relieve these conditions.

Which antispasmodic is better?

The drugs have side effects and contraindications

Drotaverine

It differs from papaverine in a longer and stronger effect. It is used in case of contraindications to anticholinergic antagonists. Reduces intestinal peristalsis, muscle tone, dilates blood vessels. Does not penetrate into the brain. Has a high bioavailability. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, cardiac, renal and hepatic failure. Caution during pregnancy and lactation, glaucoma, coronary atherosclerosis. Side effects: hypotension, headache, insomnia, tachycardia, constipation, nausea. Benefits - low cost.

Produced under the names Drotaverin (45 rubles for 20 tablets), (more expensive - 132 rubles), Spazmol, Spazoverin

"Drotaverin" 50 tablets of Russian production
"No-shpa" 24 tablets

Papaverine hydrochloride

Reduces muscle tone of organs and blood vessels. Increases blood flow, including in the brain. In high doses, sedative effect, decreased cardiac excitability and conduction. It is used to relieve muscle spasms and as a premedication. It is produced in the form of tablets (price from 40 rubles), suppositories, solution for injection (10 rubles per ampoule).

Mebeverin

Reduces smooth muscle contraction and tone. Assign for. Side effects (less compared with drotaverine and papaverine): dizziness, allergies, nausea, diarrhea. Contraindicated in pregnancy. Refrain from activities requiring concentration of attention during treatment.

"Duspatalin" 30 capsules of 200 mg (prolonged effect)

Hyoscine butyl bromide

Disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses in smooth muscle cells. In addition to the main effect, it normalizes (reduces) secretion digestive glands... Does not affect the central nervous system. Eliminates abdominal pain and discomfort. Contraindications: angle-closure glaucoma, pregnancy, pulmonary edema, myasthenia gravis, cerebral atherosclerosis. Caution in the first trimester of pregnancy. The maximum concentration of the drug after 2 hours. Small doses are required to achieve the effect. Has no atropine-like action. The minimum likelihood of side effects (less than that of no-shpa): tachycardia, shortness of breath, urinary retention, dry skin, dry mouth.

Tradename - Buscopan: tablets (315 rubles) and rectal suppositories (RUB 377).

Spazmalgon

A combined preparation that contains: metamizole sodium (NSAIDs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic properties), pitofenone hydrochloride (similar in action to papaverine), fenpiverinium bromide (relaxes the muscles, M-cholinergic blocker). The active substances reinforce each other. Contraindications: angina pectoris, CHF, pregnancy and lactation, up to 6 years old, intestinal obstruction, high sensitivity. During the period of treatment, monitor the content of leukocytes and liver function, exclude alcohol, and drive vehicles. Release form: tablets (from 136 rubles), ampoules (32 rubles per 1 piece).

Combined remedy... Contains alverin - myotropic antispasmodic, simethicone - reduces gas formation. Indications: gastrointestinal disorders, preparation for research abdominal (Ultrasound, instrumental, radiological). The cost of capsules is 416 rubles.

"Meteospazmil" 30 capsules

The considered funds in tablet forms are easy to carry with you, they are easy to use in the necessary situation.