Today we will talk about literacy. Each of us sometimes sins by its absence. Due to certain circumstances, information is forgotten. But in some situations you need to explain the essence of your actions, especially when you are helping your child with homework. In order to clarify or refresh some vague points in memory, this article was written. Today we will look at when to write “not” and when to write “neither”. In order to simplify and speed up the process of perceiving “new”, well-forgotten information, the article will look more like a table than a coherent text. So let's get started.

Introduction to the Question

There are many particles in the Russian language, and thanks to this, our language acquires high plasticity and some charm, but at the same time it becomes extremely difficult to learn and variable in the use of certain words. Because of this, certain incidents arise. For example, “the kettle takes a long time to cool down” and “the kettle takes a long time to cool down” are statements with the same meaning. Many foreigners are shocked by the phrase: “No, probably not.” In addition, the presence of double negatives sometimes makes translation from Russian very difficult.

Let's start simple

Therefore, even in such trifles as spelling particles, we have to be guided by certain rules. Usually these rules do not imply double interpretation and are quite simple. For example, the two most common rules in which mistakes are most often made:

• The particles “would”, “whether”, “whether” are written separately, and also “here”, “as if”, “after all”, “they say” and others are written separately.
• The second rule states that particles: “some-”, “some-”, “-that”, “-something”, “either-”, “-de”, “-ka”, “-so”, “-tko” ", "-tka" and "-s" are always written with a hyphen. As we can see, the rule itself is as simple as addition.

But there are such particles as “not” and “neither”, and, unfortunately, the younger generation, and sometimes some wise men in life, do not understand at all when it is written “not” and when “neither”. This is what the following table is for.

When to write "not" and when to write "neither"

First, let's look at the general concepts of spelling “not” and “nor”, ​​and their place in a sentence. We'll look at the details a little later. For example, when “neither” is written in negative sentences.

Using “not” and “nor” with different parts of speech

From the previous table we learned when “not” is written and when “neither” is written. Now it’s worth moving on to more specific cases, namely: how both particles are used with other parts of speech. First, let's consider in which case "neither" is written separately. According to generally accepted rules, this almost always happens. The exception is the case when “neither” is written in negative pronouns and pronominal adverbs without a preposition. For example: nothing, no one, draw, etc. In the case of “not” everything is a little more complicated, and therefore for clarity we will use a table.

Results

As we can see, the use of “not” and “nor” seems complicated only at first glance. Visually there are many rules, but in reality most of the statements are repeated for many parts of speech. Therefore, it is worth re-reading these rules more carefully and deducing for yourself a certain quintessence of when “not” is used and when “neither” is used, and feel free to enjoy literacy and life without mistakes.

VII. Spelling NOT and NOR

§ 88.Not written together:

1. In all cases where without a negative particle Not the word is not used, for example: ignorant, inevitable, unfortunate, indignant, unwell, unwell, lacking(meaning “not enough”), impossible, impossible, really, unbearable, unshakable, unharmed.

2. With nouns, if the negation gives the word a new, opposite meaning, for example: enemy, misfortune, if the negation gives a word that does not have this particle the meaning of opposition, negation, for example: non-specialist, non-Marxist, non-Russian eg: disagreements between Marxists and non-Marxists; everyone for non-specialists I liked the report; not Russian will look without love at this pale, bloody, whip-scarred muse (Nekrasov).

3. With full and short adjectives and with adverbs -o(s) , if their combination with Not does not serve to deny any concept, but to express a new, opposite concept, for example: unhealthy looking(i.e. painful), impossible character(i.e. heavy), sea restless(i.e. worried), matter unclean(i.e. suspicious), come immediately(i.e. immediately, immediately), entered not good(i.e. bad).

7. In a verb prefix under- , indicating non-compliance with the required standard, for example: underfulfill(perform below the required standard), overlook(not enough, bad look, miss something), lack of sleep(sleep less than normal).

Note. From verbs with a prefix under- it is necessary to distinguish between verbs with a prefix before- having a negative in front of them Not and denoting an action not completed, for example: don't finish reading book, don't finish your drink tea, don't finish watching play.

§ 89.Not written separately:

1. With verbs, including participial forms, for example: she doesn't drink, doesn't eat, doesn't speak; cannot help but see; without looking, without looking, slowly.

About continuous writing despite, despite and verbs with a prefix under- see § 88, paragraphs 6 and 7.

Note. Commonly used verb forms numb, numb, numb are written together.

2. With participles: a) in a short form, for example: duty not paid, house not completed, coat not sewn; b) in full form, when the participle contains explanatory words (see § 88, paragraph 4), and also when the participle contains or implies opposition, for example: he brought unfinished work, but only individual sketches.

3. With nouns, adjectives and adverbs, if there is or is implied opposition, for example: no luck led us to success, and endurance and composure; not death terrible - your disfavor is terrible (Pushkin); morning has come not clear, but foggy; the train is coming not fast and not slow(implied: “at some average speed”); not tomorrow(there cannot but be a contrast here).

Note. You should pay attention to some cases of separate spelling of a particle Not . Particle Not written separately: a) if with an adjective, participle or adverb there is a pronoun starting with as an explanatory word neither , For example: no one (for nobody and so on.) an unnecessary thing, an error that never occurs, no one benefits from taking it on; b) if Not is part of intensifying negations far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all etc., preceding a noun, adjective or adverb, for example: he is not our friend at all, far from our only desire, by no means a fair decision, not at all the best way out, far from enough.

4. With pronouns and pronominal adverbs, for example: not me, not this, not another, not like that, not otherwise, not like that.

About cases of continuous writing Not with pronouns and pronominal adverbs, see § 88, paragraph 5.

Note. Philosophical term not me written with a hyphen.

5. With intensifying adverbs, as well as with prepositions and conjunctions, for example: not very, not quite, not quite, not from..., not under..., not that... not that.

The expression is written separately not once, For example: Not once he accused himself of being overly cautious (Fadeev).

6. For unchangeable words that are not formed from adjectives and act as a predicate in a sentence, for example: don't mind, don't mind, don't be sorry.

7. For all words written with a hyphen, for example: all not commercial and industrial enterprises; said not in Russian; sing not the old way.

§ 90.Neither written together:

1. In pronouns, if the particle neither is not separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no, no one's, no one's, But: no one, no one and so on.

2. In adverbs never, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, no way, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all and in the particle someday.

§ 91. In all other cases the particle neither written separately.

About using particles neither cm. § .

Note. It is necessary to distinguish between revolutions none other than..., none other than... from revolutions no one else...; nothing else... eg: it was none other than your brother, but: no one else could say this; It was nothing more than fire, but: nothing else could scare me.

Often, when writing, people encounter certain spelling problems that can put a person into a creative stupor. For example, many people do not know when to write “not” and when to write “neither”. Often people get confused. The use of particles “not” and “ni” with different parts of speech is carried out according to clear rules. Knowing them will allow you to cope with the correct spelling of words in the text.

Total particle value

So, more details. Each of the particles is endowed with its own meaning, which plays a key role in the direct placement of word forms in a certain position. In order to understand when “neither” is written and when “not”, you need to familiarize yourself with the general appearance of the corresponding rule.

Spelling particles for nouns and adjectives

Let's look at combinations with specific parts of speech. In the first case, the use of the particles “not” and “nor” is subject to a rule that has a small aspect that relates to both the adjective and the noun. What does it mean?

If you can find a synonym for a certain word that does not have the prefix “not-,” then it is written together in both cases:

My friends saw a small (=small, compact) house on the lawn;

There is no need to tell me lies (=lies, deception).

And if after the corresponding word there is a contrast in the form of “conjunction “a” + antonym”, it is necessary to write “not” separately:

This stone road is not wide, and narrow;

I don't consider him a friend and the enemy.

Also, “not” is written separately from the adjective in the following cases:

• designation of any color or taste: he did not draw scarlet sails;
• comparative degree: but I am no lower than my brother.

Spelling particles for verbs and gerunds

Since participles are a special form of the verb, both parts of speech have a common basis in the form of a single rule. Almost always, the listed elements of the Russian language are separated from “not”:

Without thinking about his future, he rarely attached importance to education;

The snow-white horse did not dare to jump over the fence.

Spelling particles for participles

When faced with these parts of speech, people often think about when to write “not” and when “neither”, which entails a number of small problems. In fact, the situation is not complicated at all, you just need to pay close attention to some aspects.

Spelling particles for pronouns

If there is a preposition between 2 elements of a pronoun, then this combination will be expressed as three separate words. For example:

My father has no one to borrow a small amount of money from;

In the first lesson we had nothing to talk about.

The greatest number of questions arise when using “not” and “neither” as prefixes. In fact, everything is very simple:

There is also another rule that allows you to clarify when you write “not” and when “neither” when encountering certain constructions. Here it is:

Spelling particles for adverbs

Any negative adverb will be written together with the elements “not” or “nor”. For example:

I don’t regret my action at all;

My friend doesn’t need to bring a cheat sheet with him: he already knows all the answers.

But the particle is separated from the main word in some cases. If:

1. an adverb should be written with a hyphen: you are not behaving like a Christian;
2. next to it is an intensifying adverb: we do not Very we want to go to school;
3. adverb does not end in the letters -e or -o: I don’t always draw colorful pictures.

A significant part of the considered invariable parts of speech ending in -o or -e are subject to rules that have their own special characteristic. Here they are:

Spelling particles with conjunctions and prepositions

In the Russian language, in addition to independent parts of speech, there are also service parts, which are a kind of “sticky” segments, thanks to which sentences acquire a coherent and logically complete appearance. These small elements can also be located next to the “not” and “nor” particles. The rules governing such situations are quite clear with a brief explanation of the essence:

• “not” is always separated from coordinating conjunctions, but lends itself to merging in the area of ​​the compound conjunction that” (= although);
• “not” is written separately with all non-derivative prepositions, but together - with “despite” or “despite” (= in spite of);
• “not” is part of only one particle “really”; in other cases the negative particle is written separately.

• The particle (prefix) is not written in negative pronouns and adverbs under stress, nor in an unstressed position: n e whom - neither when O, n e to whom - neither com at, n e how - neither h e m, neither gd e – n e Where, neither open at Yes - n e where, neither How O th, neither CT O .
• Particle neither written separately, with the exception of negative pronouns without a preposition and negative adverbs; compare: neither to whom - neither to whom, nowhere; Help no one not required; To no one didn't ask for help.

  Note 1: Spelling varies neither in negative pronouns and adverbs like no one, nowhere and in combinations of pronominal words with a particle neither- no one, no where, used in subordinate parts of complex sentences; compare: Nobody didn't stay anywhere. – I don't know, nobody You, no where your friends. Here neither acts as a conjunction and .

  Note 2. It is necessary to distinguish between the combinations none (‘nobody’) and not one (‘many’); not once (‘never’) and more than once (‘often’). Particle neither(intensifying) is used in this case when the predicate is negated; compare: Neither one muscle Not trembled on his face. – Not there was one path in the field; I neither once Not saw this man. - I Not I've seen this man once; and: Not I am one (many) came to this dangerous job(M. S. Prishvin).

  Note 3. The spelling of the combination differs none other (other) than - nothing other (other) than And no one else (other) – nothing else (other). Combinations none other than And nothing else (other) than express opposition, and not in this case is a negative particle and is written separately with the pronoun: A fairy tale in folklore is nothing more than a story about a fictitious event; stood in front of me none other than the owner of the dacha himself. Such combinations are used in an affirmative sentence, that is, it is impossible to put a second negation in them without changing the meaning. The union is synonymous with the union a, which clearly expresses adversative relations; compare: stood in front of me none other than the owner of the dacha himself.

  Combinations no one else (other) And nothing else (other) do not express opposition and are used in sentences where there is a negation of the predicate; in this case, it acts as a word-forming prefix and is written together: This task Not could fulfill nobody else; Nothing else as irresponsibility, it is forbidden explain such an act(there is a second negative).

  When used in affirmative sentences without negation at the predicate, the constructions in question are of an adjunctive nature, and the unrepresented second negation is easily restored; compare: Such an act can be explained by irresponsibility, and nothing else (it cannot be explained). As a rule, the phrases under consideration differ according to a formal feature - the conjunction: it is written not (always separately) if the conjunction a is used, it is written neither (jointly or separately) if the conjunction and is followed.

  Combinations no one else (other) And nothing else (other) are also used in comparative usage with the conjunction How- like no one else or in a truncated form - like no one: Levitan, like no one else(another), managed to convey with sad force the immeasurable distances of Russian bad weather. – Levitan, like no one else, was able to convey with sad force the immeasurable distances of Russian bad weather.

Repeating particle neither is used as a connecting conjunction and is equal in meaning to the combination and not; compare: In my heart neither funny, neither sad. - In my heart and not funny, and not sad; Stupid didn't know how neither sing, neither dance, never said anything smart or even the right word(I.S. Turgenev). This value of the particle is not particularly noticeable in constructions with a repeating negative particle Not, when the last negation is strengthened by the particle even: Where a person left is accepted for some reason Not mallows, Not daisies, Not bells, Not swimsuits, not even cornflowers, that's it, weeds and nettles(V. Soloukhin). Eating particles neither excludes union And; compare: neither even cornflowers are not even cornflowers.

In the presence of an intensifying particle, even the use of neither and nor differs: even if it is before the negation, the particle not is written, if between the negation and the significant word, the particle nor is written.

Note. Only in some cases with homogeneous members of a sentence is a conjunction found And before neither: Neither suits me and neither other; also in colloquial speech: Of course, we can agree with this, even though not to you, neither it won't do us any good(here it is part of the union, although).

Particles of the same name Not And neither differ in meaning: neither – negative, nor – intensifying. Therefore, in the subordinate concessive parts of sentences to strengthen the affirmative meaning, the particle ni is used:
And all night long the poor madman,
Where do the feet go? neither paid
Behind him is the Bronze Horseman everywhere
Jumped with a heavy stomp(A.S. Pushkin),
and in independent exclamatory and interrogative sentences (in the presence or possibility of substituting intensifying particles only, really) the negative particle not is written: Where is he going not just applied!(the particle only strengthens the subsequent negation).

Note 1. In the subordinate parts of complex sentences, combinations should be distinguished whoever neither, to neither, wherever neither, whatever neither no matter how much neither etc. with a particle neither, adjacent to the relative word, and combinations whoever Not, to Not, wherever Not, whatever Not no matter how much Not etc. with a particle Not, relating to the predicate. In the first case, a generalized meaning is conveyed, neither strengthens the affirmation, in the second – negation Not stands with the predicate in a negative sentence; compare: Whoever to him neither contacted, everyone received practical advice. - There is no one whoever to him Not sought advice; An indifferent person could not sing like that, whatever He neither had a voice(Ch. Aitmatov); A man must work whoever He neither was.

Note 2: Single or repeating neither is part of stable expressions with a generalized meaning or meaning of uncertainty: whatever neither came from where neither take it neither fish neither meat, neither That neither that's it, neither alive neither dead neither two neither one and a half, neither give neither take, neither fluff neither pen, neither hearing neither spirit: When you enter the swamp for ducks, suddenly, from where neither look, this very yellow bird lands on the path in front of you(M. S. Prishvin); Next day, neither light neither dawn, Lisa has already woken up(A.S. Pushkin).

• Negative particle neither with a noun in the genitive case, with a verb in the form of an imperative mood or an infinitive, it is used to express a categorical command or prohibition (in this case, the sentence is pronounced with an imperative intonation): And you stand on the porch and neither from place!(N.V. Gogol).

Spelling NOT and NOR.

Spelling is not and neither with different parts of speech.

The rule is divided into two parts:

continuous or separate writing NOT with all parts of speech;

difference between NOT and NOR

Rule.

Integrated and separate writing NOT (the picture can be enlarged by clicking on it)

Distinguish!

Depending on conditions

Difference between NOT and NOR

In a simple sentence

In a complex sentence, with the words where, where, how, when, what, who, how many NOT/NOR:

Parsing algorithm.

1. Identify the part of speech.

2. See if there are words in the sentence that are NOT always written separately.

3. Pay attention to whether there is a prefix NEDO- or a combination NOT DO-.

4. Regarding parts of speech, remember the rule.

Analysis of the task.

In which sentence is NOT written SEPARATELY with the word?

1) He lacks experience and (doesn’t) have enough patience.

2) Our country is (in)dependent.

3) Somehow they immediately (dis)loved him.

4) We stopped at a site that was not at all suitable for construction.

Option #1.

(Not) enough– verb with NOT (TO)-. Removing NOT-: he has enough patience. You can’t say that, it means it can’t be used without NOT. Write together!

Option #2.

(NOT)dependent – This is a short participle with the suffix –IM. The sentence does not have a dependent word in the instrumental case, which means we are NOT writing together.

Option #3.

(Not) fell in love– without NOT not used. Write together.