To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log into it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Dymkovo toy

There is one amazing profession to which people devote their whole life - this is a toy craftsman, or just a toy.

Among Russian clay toys, the most famous, perhaps, are Dymkovo ones. This is one of the Russian folk clay art crafts, which is more than 400 years old.

Dymkovo toy is bright, cheerful, with character.

Where are Dymkovo toys made? From the high bank of the Vyatka River, one can see the Dymkovo settlement beyond the river, near the city of Vyatka (now the territory of the city of Kirov). In winter, when the stoves were heated, in summer, when it was foggy, the whole settlement seemed to be in a haze. Therefore, the name is. Here, in ancient times, the craft of Dymkovo toys was born.

Kirov Kirov (Khlynov, Vyatka) is a large city in Russia, the administrative center of the Kirov region. The city is located on the Vyatka River, 896 km from Moscow.

Monument to Dymkovskaya toy, Vyatka river, view from Malaya Gora View of the city Museum of Dymkovo toys

Vyatka was famous in the old days for its bazaars, festivals, fairs, which were called "svistoplyaska". Clay toys-whistles were the entertainment of the holiday.

These whistles had various forms of animals - deer, bear, ram, goat, etc., which were simple in execution and were designed to perform not a decorative, but a magical function.

After the holiday lost its magical meaning, the clay whistles began to become whiter, more elaborate and more decorative. Along with totem animals, whistles have already appeared in the form of smartly dressed women, with birds, with babies in their arms, baskets of pies, with rockers ...

And a little later, the toy began to be executed according to urban plots - these are townspeople, ladies of fashion, officers, merchants, buffoons.

Although Dymkovo toys are diverse in their form, they are always recognizable due to their simple ornamentation and unique elegant coloring. As a rule, the white background is painted with cheerful blue, blue, green, crimson colors. The number of flowers on one toy cannot be more than ten.

A simple ornament in the form of stripes, rhombuses, cells, circles carries some information in itself - a blue wavy stripe means water, a circle with an asterisk in the middle - the sun, crossed stripes - the frame of a well.

The technique of sculpting a Dymkovo toy is very simple and there is no mass production for this craft, since this is true manual work. Various figures are molded in parts, which are connected with liquid clay. Smooth the seams with a wet cloth. The toy is dried and fired.

Previously, toys were fired in a real Russian oven, now they are fired in muffle kilns.

The burnt Dymkovo toy has a red-brown color, which is common for clay. For whitewashing, a mixture of chalk and milk is used, into which a Dymkovo toy is dipped. In this case, the surface is covered with a dense white layer. Dry paints rubbed on an egg were used for coloring. Now gouache is used, diluted on an egg.

Dymkovo toys

Today, any adult and child, even without special education, can try to make a Dymkovo toy. All you need is clay, a brush, paints and your imagination.

Master Class. Making a Dymkovo cockerel Elements from which everything is made: a ball, a sausage, a droplet. What clay should not be: too dry, too liquid.

Modeling a cockerel Making a torso: the ball turns into a flat cake; a cup is formed from the tortilla, the edges of the cup are closed, and a "pelme" is molded, hollow inside.

Modeling the leg A droplet is molded from the ball, the lower edge of the droplet (leg) is made concave for stability; the upper part of the leg is prepared as a lodgement under the body, the edges of the lodgment are sharpened.

Connecting the leg to the body Before joining the parts, the joint is soaked with water with a brush and scratches are applied (to get better wet). The body is connected to the leg and rubbed in with rotational movements. The pointed part of the leg is attached to the body so that the place of their connection is not visible.

Neck and head The neck is molded in the same way as the leg, only a sharpened lodgement is made both below and above. The lower part of the neck is attached to the body, and the upper part - to the head. Making the head: the head is a ball, the diameter of which is slightly less than the diameter of the breast.

Making the tail A flat cake is molded from the ball, a notch is plucked out in the lower part of the tail, which coincides with the back of the body. The junction of the tail and the body is sharpened.

The tail is attached to the body. It is important that the tail and head are symmetrical when viewed from the front.

Wings making They are molded from 2 identical drops. The droplets are flattened into leaves, sharpened and adhered to the body.

Beak A beak is a pointed droplet. It is applied to the middle of the front of the head.

Decorating A head ornament can be just a ball or a beret-like cake. It can be like a cockscomb. In a word, everything that fantasy tells you.

The breast and neck are decorated with a goatee, which can be fashioned from droplets or from ruffles. The wings and tail can also be decorated with droplets and ruffles.

Ruffle sculpting A thin long sausage is rolled out on a hard surface. It is covered with a damp cloth. With smoothing movements, the sausage should be turned into a ribbon about 2 mm thick. The ribbon is removed from the cloth. A ruffle is formed from it.

To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log into it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Dymkovo toy

The history of the Dymkovo toy Dymkovo toy is an original clay craft that originated and survived exclusively on the territory of the Vyatka Territory (Kirov Region), in the Dymkovo settlement, where stove-makers and potters have long settled.

The history of Dymkovo toys is about 400 years old. The first Dymkovo toys were whistles in the form of horses, rams, goats and ducks.

In the past, making Dymkovo toys was a family craft. In the summer months, they prepared clay, pounded by hand or rubbed lump chalk in a paint mill, the rest of the time they sculpted, dried, burned products, closer to the "Whistle" they whitewashed with chalk diluted with skimmed cow's milk, painted with egg paints, decorated with rhombuses of golden leaf. And in spring, the Dymkovo toy was brought to the city on boats for a holiday, delighting children and adults with their art.

At the end of the 19th century, the fishing industry fell into disrepair. In the 30s of the 20th century, as part of the revival of some folk crafts, support was provided to the revival and craft of Dymkovo toys. The toy is molded from local red clay in parts (unlike other toys that are molded from a single piece of clay). Before firing, toys are dried and only then fired. Previously, toys were fired in a real Russian oven, now they are fired in muffle kilns.

The burnt Dymkovo toy has a red-brown color, which is common for clay. For whitewashing, a mixture of chalk and milk is used, into which a Dymkovo toy is dipped. In this case, the surface is covered with a dense white layer. Dry paints rubbed on an egg were used for coloring. Now gouache is used, diluted on an egg.

Halftones and imperceptible transitions are alien to the Dymkovo toy. Undiluted bright colors create a sense of joy in life. The patterns have simple geometric shapes: circles, cages, waves. In total, up to 10 colors can be used in each toy.

Dymkovo horse Very slender and beautiful, With bangs and fluffy mane. Can swim and jump, Eats oats, knows how to laugh. Jump into the water and into the fire Faithful to man ...

Phased execution of work

On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes

An integrated lesson in technology, fine arts and museum pedagogy in the 3rd grade on the topic "In a clay toy workshop. Dymkovo toy. Painting a toy." Grade 3 ...

"Modeling toys based on folk samples" (Dymkovo toy)

This material will help to acquaint children with the history of the emergence of toys, folk crafts, with the ancient meaning of the ornament that decorated toys. Develop the creativity of students, aesthetes ...

"Festive Colors of Patterns" - drawing decorative elements of the Dymkovo toys. Acquaintance with the Dymkovo toy and a conversation about its beauty.

In this fine art lesson, children get acquainted with the Dymkovo toy, learn to highlight the elements of the geometric pattern of the Dymkovo painting, practice the techniques of drawing elements of the Dymkovo pattern with a brush ...

Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the presentation options. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Target: acquaintance with a new type of decorative and applied art - the Dumskov clay toy;
development of observation, creativity, sense of color and proportion, brush writing skills: poke, stroke, line;
fostering love for the native people through the creativity of folk craftsmen.

A type: lesson - conversation with elements of theatrical play (table theater).

Equipment: Dymkovo toys, tables with a large image of toys, table "Rhythm and variations of haze ornament", gouache, brushes, paper, scissors, musical accompaniment, presentation.

During the classes.

I. Organizational moment.
II. Preparation for the perception of new material.
What folk crafts do you know?
What is a fair?
Teacher's story.

Folk art is the spiritual culture of the people. For centuries, people through a song, a fairy tale, an epic, dance, architecture, household items have tried to express their understanding of life, nature, and the world in an artistic form.
From ancient times to the present day, people have been trying to make household items not only comfortable, but also beautiful. The artistic talent of the people was manifested in folk crafts. The original Russian products of the masters of Khokhloma, Gorodets, Zhostovo, Polkhov-Maidan, Gzhel are appreciated not only in our country, but also abroad. In the old days, people could buy all these items at fairs.

Boris Kustudiev. "Fair" 1908

The fair is not only a bargaining, but also a big folk holiday, showing the whole variety of art of the Russian people. Many people gathered at such fairs. Festivities, puppet shows, merry-go-rounds, performances of songwriters and dancers accompanied the bargaining. All the generosity of the Russian soul is reflected in the celebration of the fair.

Attention! Attention!
Merry festivities!
Come, people!
Open your mouth wide
Good people are honored here,
The fair calls us all.

Vasnetsov Apollinary Mikhailovich. Novgorod bargaining.

Why is a modern fair held?

III. Learning new material.
Listen to the poem and tell me, what kind of folk craft will we meet today in the lesson?

What is Dymkovo famous for?
With your toy!
There is no smoky color in it,
What is the grayness of the gray.
She has something of a rainbow
From dewdrops
There is something in her for joy,
Thundering like bass!
She doesn't look gingerbread -
Jubilant and festive.
In her, youth is a highlight,
It has daring and scope ...
Shine, ocher with red lead,
All over the earth in houses!
Shine, ocher with red lead,
So that everyone is light and gloomy!
And anger and frowning like ice
Without a trace
Let under the smile of Dymkov
Will melt forever!
V. Fofanov.

(Student responses)

The topic of today's lesson is "Dymkovo toy".
Affectionately and affectionately call this toy - Haze. According to their place of birth, they are from Sloboda Dymkovo. From the high bank of the Vyatka River, on which the city of Kirov stands, you can see the Dymkovo settlement.

Why was the Sloboda named Dymkovo, and the toys Dymkovo?
In winter, when the stoves are heated and in summer on cloudy days, the whole settlement seems to be in a haze. Here, in ancient times, the Dymkovo toy was born. The toys of the Dymkovo craftsmen were the most striking decoration of the fair, where a festive party with the mischievous and cheerful name of Whistle took place.
He will tell about the history of the haze associated with the ancient rite - whistling and festive festivities (performance by a prepared student).
There is a legend according to which the beginning of the holiday was laid by the so-called Khlynov massacre. It was described in detail by Captain N. Rychkov, who traveled in 1770-1772 to different provinces of the Russian state, and M. I. Kutuzov's son-in-law, disgraced Major General N. Z. Khitrovo, exiled to Vyatka in 1811. According to them, in the XIV-XV centuries, under the fortified walls of Khlynov, foreigners who lived in the region gathered to take the city, allegedly founded by newcomers from Novgorod. Not relying only on their own strength, the inhabitants of Khlynov sent for help to the Ustyuzhan people. The Ustyuzhanians came at night, but not from the side from which they were expected. Not recognizing their friends in the dark, the residents of Vyatka killed many and only in the morning saw their mistake: "I did not know my own." In memory of the victims, a chapel was erected at the site of the massacre, and a wooden cross in it, and since then a memorial service has been held here every year - the commemoration of the innocent victims, after which the Swistoplyaska holiday began, the ritual of which included rolling clay balls from the high bank of Vyatka down the Razderikha slope, fistfights, whistles, songs and dances. Booths with an abundance of various sweets were set up and, necessarily, the sale of clay toys and whistles.
At the fair, one could always hear jokes, counting rhymes, and poems:

And at the fair the goods -
Painted samovars
Frames, flasks for sale
And pictures and steering wheels.

People buy drying
And on a wondrous toy
They stare for a long time, slowly,
How good she is!

Daring fair,
The fair is painted.
Honest people gather
And take a walk with your soul.

Do you know the name of the master who works with clay?

A potter is a craftsman who makes toys and dishes from clay.

Let's take a look at Dymkovo toys.

Typical distinctive features of the Dymkovo toy.

Snow-white toys. Before painting, they were whitewashed with chalk diluted in milk.
The pattern consists of geometric elements: circles, ovals, rings, stripes, cells, lines.
For painting toys, colors are used: yellow, blue, red, green, black, (white background).
The modern toy contains: orange, brown, pink blue.
The rhythm and variations of the haze ornament.

In addition to a brush for painting, a seal is used - a poke for drawing small circles and dots.

To make a poke, you need to roll a strip of paper into a tube.
Remember.
The pattern must be applied immediately with a brush, without preliminary drawing with a pencil. Start drawing patterns with large elements.

IV. Securing new material.
Why was the Sloboda named Dymkovo?
What is the name of the master who works with clay?
What are the distinctive features of the Dymkovo toy?
In what elements of the painting is the poke used?
The game. Find an outfit for Dymkovo "Young Lady".

Physical education.

V. Statement of the artistic task.
(The class is divided into creative groups, each group has a specific task).
To paint stencils of Dymkovo toys, household items, plants, architectural structures (all in the style of Dymkovo painting).
(The task is performed to folk music).

Vi. Analysis of works. Lesson summary.
Homework. Each group needs to come up with a story about the fair and in the next lesson play it in a table theater using painted stencils.

Different crafts, different styles are united by Russian folk toys. This diversity reveals the richest possibilities of the folk artistic-figurative world perception, reveals the deep traditional foundations of folk art, its national originality. It includes not only the traditional peasant village art, but also the work of the townspeople handicraftsmen and urban artisans. The works created in different conditions differ in their functions, artistic-figurative structure and content. So, the Dymkovo toy is completely different, not the same as the Filimonov or Kargopol toy. And the point is not only in the originality of form, plastics, color and ornamental structure. The differences are deeper and more fundamental. They are expressed in the things themselves. Looking at Dymkovo toys, you feel a special style of work in them. The very process of creating toys here is complex, orderly, worked out to perfection. Suburban craftswomen collected red oily clay for modeling in the spring after floods on the Vyatka River. Right there on the river bank, fine clean dry sand was prepared, with which the clay was thoroughly mixed. The sculpting of each toy is a sequential series of generally accepted memorized working techniques. First, a lump of clay was rolled into a ball, then turned into a pancake and with dexterous movements rolled into the desired shape, which was collected further in parts, glued around, complicated. The excess was cut off with a sharp torch, a kind of stack, and the traces of molding, "smears", were smoothed out with a wet rag, and then "the toy is as if cast, even, smooth, clear." It is still far from its full readiness, drying will take 4 5 days, baking in a Russian oven for 3-4 hours, slow cooling, then “whitewashing” the toy with lump ground, well-sifted chalk diluted in milk. And again drying the toys, only now it is necessary in a draft so that the milk, souring, forms a film of casein glue on the surface of the toy of the best chalk fixer. And now the "whitewashed" toys are ready for painting. Their coloring is also not simple, not in two or three colors and not with ordinary paints. Up to ten colors were used by Dymkovo craftswomen, and the paint was made on an egg with kvass or vinegar, that is, they wrote in tempera. And the painting itself is also multi-layered, not of the same type, has several different ornamental-compositional schemes. Cells, stripes, circles, ovals, dots are rhythmized in a wide variety of combinations. On the matte whiteness of the background, spots of magenta, red lead, ultramarine, stripes of green and yellow crown sound openly. Blue, pink, brown are also interwoven into the polyphony of colors, made up of two colors: ultramarine and magenta with chalk or red lead with soot. And on top of the painting, rhombic leaves of gold leaf shine preciously, and the toy becomes even more colorful, elegant, festive. The very process of creating a Dymkovo toy speaks of its features. In no other traditional peasant craft, we will not meet such a complex and perfect production of toys. Dymkovo masters own a multi-figured sculptural composition, vary the shape and painting in a variety of ways, use multicolor, which requires a developed taste, an accurate eye. Such high professionalism is characteristic of crafts, where the toy was the main occupation, was the subject of mass handicraft labor. It is no coincidence that toys from the Dymkovo settlement near Vyatka and from the Bolshiye Gonchary settlement near Tula so vividly resemble porcelain figurines, which they really could well have replaced.

Sun Pattern Draw patterns with a brush and a poke seal. We make our own large and small poke signet. To do this, you need to tightly curl a strip of paper, as shown in the figure. A poke is made for each paint. Draw the sun pattern using a brush and a poke seal. the sequence of the pattern is shown in the figure.

Dymkovo patterns We continue our acquaintance with Dymkovo patterns on the example of painting the decorative plumage of a turkey tail. It is necessary to complete the painting using a brush and a poke sign. Various methods of working with a brush are used: drawing wavy lines of the same thickness, applying a brush to depict a decorative flower. Pay attention to how the rhythm of the pattern matches the rounded shape of the tail.

A bird-house and a water-bearer In the decorative painting of these figures one can see a peculiar reflection of elements of folk clothing: a kokoshnik, beads, a jacket, a skirt, an apron. As in the folk costume, everything is decorated with patterns. Patterns are harmoniously combined in color. In painting the figurine of a peasant woman, you need to come up with patterns yourself. It is better to start drawing patterns with a brush with large elements.

Lady's Outfit - 2 Describe the outfit of the dandy lady. The lady's outfit strikes with beautiful patterns, an abundance of flounces. In the sculpting and painting of this figurine, folk craftsmen reflected the originality of the fashion of city dwellers of bygone years. It is necessary to independently choose the elements of clothing decor on the figurine of the lady.

Modeling and painting of the Dymkovo lady Sculpt the lady as shown in the picture. The figure shows the stages of modeling by the master of Dymkovo toys. The main feature of the haze is modeling clay figurines piece by piece. for work you will need: clay (can be replaced with poastilin); plank-stand (wooden, plastic or linoleum); stacks - wooden or plastic sticks with flat or rounded ends of various shapes (see picture); a jar of water; rag. The sculpted clay figurine should dry out, which will take several days. A loan can be painted without burning in a muffle furnace. First, cover it with 2-3 layers of white paint. You can take white gouache, but it is better to use water-based white paint - the white background will be brighter, cleaner. Colored patterns are applied in gouache on a dried background. If the figurine was molded from plasticine, then before painting, the surface must be degreased with crushed chalk or tooth powder.

MBDOU number 74 Educator: Loskutova D.V.

The technique for making a Dymkovo toy is very simple. The toys are molded from red clay mixed with river sand. The shape is molded in parts. The individual elements are connected with each other with liquid clay. The seams are wiped with a damp cloth.

After sculpting, the toy is dried and fired.

The next stage of work is whitening. The toy was immersed in a solution of ground chalk diluted in milk. The toy turned dazzling white and was ready for painting.

Then traditional patterns were applied: cells, stripes, circles, ovals, dots.

Dymkovo mistress is very smart. On the head, by all means - curls, hats, kokoshniks. On the shoulders - a cape, puffy sleeves. There are frills along the bottom of a skirt or apron. In the hands - a handbag, an umbrella, a dog, a rocker, etc. The craftswomen generously "scattered" circles, cages, large and small peas over the white background. Look how beautiful This girl-soul is. Scarlet cheeks are burning, Amazing outfit.

Dymkovo cavaliers, generals of dignity, with dignity. More often they are depicted on horseback or paired with a lady. With ribbons and bows, Yes, arm-in-arm with dandies We walk in pairs, We swim with pavas.

Clay horses race On stands, that is strength. And you can't hold on to the tail, If you missed the mane.

An unknown bird has started up - Everyone marvels at it. Does not sing and does not fly, Everything burns and blazes ... This bird is not simple, Painted, golden. It's just a miracle - a trinket, Her name is a folk toy!

To this day, the Dymkovo toy continues to delight us with its brightness, brilliance, and festivity. The craft of Dymkovo toys is preserved thanks to the Dymkovo craftswomen from the city of Kirov. We are notable toys, Foldable and okay, We are famous everywhere, We and you will like us!