Presentation on the topic of teaching preschoolers literacy. Presentation "ZKR. Teaching preschoolers the elements of literacy"
Natalya Kamilova
Interactive presentation for a literacy lesson in a preparatory group
Final literacy lesson in the preparatory group
Target: identifying the level of knowledge of children; readiness for school.
Program content:
strengthen the ability to form adjectives from nouns;
strengthen children’s ability to divide words into syllables, select words with a given syllable, and answer the teacher’s question with a complete answer;
develop the ability to conduct sound analysis words: distinguish between vowels, hard and soft consonants; determine the place of a sound in a word; correlate a word with a given model;
practice selecting words with a given sound;
create a good mood, educate, mutual assistance, responsiveness, a sense of camaraderie, the ability to listen to the teacher and comrades, the desire and ability to work in a team.
Progress of the lesson:
Emotional tuning.
IN: – Guys, what’s your mood today?
D: – Good, joyful, cheerful.
IN: – Let’s hold hands and convey our good mood to each other.
All the children gathered in a circle.
I am your friend and you are my friend.
Let's hold hands tighter
And let's smile at each other.
Conversation about the time of year.
IN: - Guys, what time of year is it?
D: - Spring has come.
IN: – What’s spring like?
D: – Sunny, warm, clear, beautiful, cheerful, elegant, long-awaited.
IN: – What spring months do you know?
D: - March April May.
IN: - What month is it?
D: – Now is the month of April.
Setting a learning task.
D: – The whole country celebrated Cosmonautics Day.
IN: – Today we will have something unusual class: You and I will fly into space, because the inhabitants of the planet Literacy - literate people ask us for help. Space pirates stole one very valuable book from them. Can we help get her back? To prevent us from finding this book, the space pirates have prepared many different tasks. For each completed task literate people stars will send us, and in the end classes we will learn, what book was stolen by space pirates. To find out what we will take on the journey, let's solve the riddle.
A bird cannot reach the moon
Fly and land on the moon.
But he can do it
Do it quickly...
D (in unison): – Rocket.
IN: – That’s right, guys, we’ll fly on a rocket. (Slide 1) To give clear answers, we need to train our tongues.
Articulation gymnastics (performed by choir).
Chu-chu-chu, I want to fly into space.
To them - to them - to them, we’ll fly on a rocket.
Dy-duh-duh, we'll fly to the star.
Oh - oh - oh, then we'll return home.
Ball game “Form adjectives from nouns”
IN: – We need take your seats, and for this you need to form from words that answer the question what? words that answer the question what? Spring - spring, rain - rainy, star - starry, fog - foggy, sun - sunny, moon - lunar, night - night, summer - summer, wood - wooden, glass - glass, paper - paper, gold - golden, silver - silver, salt - salty, cold - cold, forest - forest, snow - snowy, book - bookish.
IN: – Well done, everyone coped with the task, took their places, got ready to start. What's happened? Our rocket can't take off, space pirates have damaged the password. To restore it, we need to answer all the questions in the task.
Let's remember how letters differ from sounds?
(we see and write letters, and we hear and speak sounds)
That's right guys, what does our speech consist of?
(our speech consists of words, words consist of sounds)
What are the sounds? (sounds are consonants and vowels)
What sounds do we call vowels? (sounds that drag out are sung with a voice). Name the vowel sounds (a, o, y, i, s, e)
What are the different consonant sounds? (consonants are hard and soft)
What color indicates a hard consonant? (blue)
What color represents a soft consonant sound? (green)
What color represents all vowel sounds? (red).
IN: – Well done. For this task literate people sent us the first star (A). (Slide 2) Our rocket is now in order, we can take off. Getting ready for takeoff, we stand near our seats
IN: - turn on the motors
D: - raise their arms to the sides not high, pronounce a low sound UUUUUU
IN: - gaining altitude
D: - raise their arms at shoulder level, pronounce the sound UUUUUU higher
IN: - fly high
D: - hands up, high sound UUUUUU
IN: - The rocket gained altitude and rose up
In order not to get lost in outer space, they sent us a map to help us navigate.
Dividing words into syllables.
IN: – There are three planets on our way – "Slogoznayki". (Slide 3) On the first planet there are words consisting of one syllable, on the second planet - words consisting of two syllables, on the third planet - words consisting of three syllables. Space pirates scared all the inhabitants and they fled from their planets, let's help them return home. You have cards with words on your tables, read the words, determine the number of syllables.
D: – House, meadow, forest, tail, meadow, rain. These words consist of one syllable
D: – Sky, space, Earth, star, Moon, satellite. These words consist of two syllables.
D: – Planet, rocket, comet, telescope, astronaut, astronomer. These words consist of three syllables.
IN: – Well done, you helped the words return home. For that literate people sent us a second star (3) (Slide 4)
The comet flew around,
I looked at everything in the sky.
He sees a hole in space -
This is black...
D (in unison): – Hole. (Slide 5)
Sound analysis of words.
IN: – So that we don’t get sucked into this hole, let’s do a sound analysis of this word.
IN: – How many syllables are in the word hole?
D: – The word hole has two syllables – ra.
IN: – Name the first sound in this word.
D: – First sound D.
IN: – Describe the sound [d].
D: – The sound [d] is consonant, hard, sonorous.
IN: – Name the second sound in the word hole.
D: – Second sound [s].
IN: – Describe this sound.
D: – Sound [ ы ] vowel
IN: – What is the third sound in the word hole?
D: – Third sound [r].
IN: – Describe this sound.
D: – The sound [r] is consonant, hard, sonorous.
IN: – What is the last sound in the word?
D: – Sound [a].
IN: – Describe the sound [a].
D: – Sound [a] vowel
IN: – We flew past the black hole safely, received the third star (B) (Slide 6) and we move on. We've already flown half the way, it's time to rest a little.
Physical education minute.
The sun is shining in the clear sky, (children make a circle with their hands)
An astronaut flies in a rocket. (tilts to the sides)
And below are forests and fields - (bending forward)
The ground is spreading. (children spread their arms to the sides)
IN: – The next test is on our way.
In space through the thickness of years
An icy flying object.
His tail is a strip of light,
And the object's name is...
D (in unison): – Comet. (Slide 7)
IN: – On the comet’s tail there are words containing the sound K
A game "Where is the sound hidden" (Slide 8)
Guys, I will show you a picture, you look carefully and say what is shown in the picture and look for where the sound is hidden at the beginning of the word, at the end, in the middle.
IN: – Well, we completed this task and received another star (U). (Slide 9) And the next test is on our way.
The grain scattered by night,
We looked in the morning - there was nothing.
D: - Stars.
Gymnastics for the eyes (Slide 10)
IN: – Let’s draw a star with the eyes along the arrows
A game “Make words from syllables”. (Slide 11)
IN: – Look, stars fell from the sky, but not simple ones, but with syllables. Read the syllables, come up with them words: MA, KA, RO, BU, RA, TA, LE, ME, NA, UM, UT, RU, PU, HO, ZI, FOR, KO, SO. (Children read the syllables and come up with words with them).
IN: – Well done, and for this task we were given a star (TO). (Slide 12)
IN: – To find out which book the pirates stole, you and I must complete one more task.
“Read the word by its first sounds” (Slide 13)
D: – ABC.
IN: – Well done, and for this task we get the last star (A) (Slide 14) and we will be able to find out if we guessed the word correctly. Attention! - (Slide 15)
IN: – This is a very necessary and important book, from which you will learn to read and write. We helped return the alphabet to the planet Gramoteyka, and now it’s time for us to return home. Hold hands, close your eyes and say magic words:
D (in unison): – We returned from the flight
And they landed on Earth.
XII. Summarizing.
IN: – So we returned home. What did we do today? class?
D: – They made up words from syllables, did a sound analysis of words, came up with sentences and made their diagrams, selected related words, determined the number of syllables in words, formed adjectives from nouns, guessed riddles.
IN: – For help in finding the book and as a reminder of today literate classes they want to give you their photographs - coloring books. This is our class is over, say goodbye to your guests.
D: - Goodbye.
Summary of literacy lessons in the senior group of kindergarten.
"Fairy Evelina's Magic Box."
Educator: Ivanova N.S.
GBDOU No. 10 Vasileostrovsky district
Saint Petersburg
Target:
*Maintain interest in intellectual activity, desire to play, showing persistence, determination, mutual assistance, responsiveness, and friendliness.
*Give children joy and pleasure from educational games.
Tasks:
*Develop children's phonemic hearing, imagination, and creative thinking. *Consolidate knowledge of vowels and consonants.
*Reinforce the ability to divide a word into syllables and select patterns for them.
*Develop memory, attention, thinking.
Duration: 25 minutes
Preliminary work:
*Writing notes
*Preparation of attributes for the lesson.
Equipment:
*Computer with projector, letter from the fairy, chest, ball, treats for all children, 3 keys, mirror, book, ball, riddles.
Lesson content plan:
Org. moment
Surprise moment
Finger game
Main part
Physical education minute
Questions for children:
Progress of the lesson:
Lesson stage | Activities of the teacher | Children's activities | EOR |
Org. moment | Hello guys! I invite everyone to greet me with their palms. The teacher greets the children by name, touching the children’s palms with their palms. | Children enter the hall and stand in a circle In response, the children also say hello. | |
Surprise moment | Guys, I now know that you are big fans of fairy tales, and therefore I invite you to a magical land. I'll ask you to close your eyes. We will now say the spell words “Crible-Crabble-Booms” 3 times. (The teacher puts on a fairy hat and cape at this time). So, guys, we found ourselves in a fairyland. Now I'm a fairy. I have a younger sister - fairy Evelina. She sent you a letter. Let's help my sister, guys! Shall we look for the keys? This is the chest that my sister sent. | We'll help. We will. | Music on a tape recorder. Slide No. 4 |
Finger game | But before we start looking for the keys, let's stretch our wonderful fingers. Please repeat after me. | Children repeat finger play after the teacher | Slide No. 5, (1*) |
Guessing the riddle. | Let's look for the first key. He is in the place where the answer lies. | Mirror! We must look where the mirror is. (We find a mirror, and next to it a key) | Slide No. 6 (2*) |
Sound analysis of a word. | But the key is not easy. An assignment for him. What kind of flower is this? Let's count how many sounds are in the word Mak.? What's the first sound? Let's try to sing this sound. Mmmm... Is it working out? What's stopping us? If we can’t sing it, what sound is it? What color will we paint the first circle with? Right! What is the second sound in the word Mak? M-aaa-k! Let's try to sing this sound. Sound A can be sung, nothing interferes with it. What sound is this? What color will we color the second circle? The teacher and the children try to sing the third sound K and determine that it cannot be sung, which means it is a consonant. What color will we color the third circle? Well done, you completed the task. Here's your first key! | Poppy. Three. Mmm Lips. Consonant. Black. Sound A Ah-ah-ah Vowel. Red. Black. (Children pick up the key to the lock. It doesn’t fit) | Slide No. 7 Slide No. 8 Slide No. 9 Slide No. 10 Slide No. 11 |
Guessing the riddle. | Listen to the next clue as to where to look for the second key. | Book! We will look for the key where we have the book in our group! (Find the second key, complete the second task). | Slide No. 12 (3*) |
Development of phonemic hearing and sound attention. | Game “Say the Word” | Children guess the missing word. | Slide No. 13,14, 15,16,17 (4-8*) |
Well done! You completed the second task and received the second one key. | Children pick up the key to the lock. He doesn't fit | ||
Physical education minute | Difficult? Are you tired? You tried very hard, let's take a rest. Guess who was also looking for the key in which fairy tale? Only not simple, but golden. Now we will have a fun physical education session. | Pinocchio, in the fairy tale “The Golden Key” Children repeat the movements. | Slide No. 18 (9*) |
Guessing the riddle | Guys, we just have to find the last third key. Guess the riddle: | It's a ball! (Find the key) | Slide No. 19 (10*) |
Dividing words into syllables and selecting schemes for them. | Guys, this is a story. | Children listen to the story. | Slide No. 20 |
Questions for children: | What did the girl call her friends? Did she say the whole word, or did she say it in parts? Why did the girl call her friends that way? You and I know that all words can be divided into syllables, and we will now try to count how many syllables are in your names. | You can hear better that way. In parts. Children use claps to divide their names into syllables. | Slide No. 21.22 |
Summing up the lesson. Feedback on children's work and encouragement. | We did an excellent job with all three tasks, and we have 3 keys. Let's try to open the magic chest. Thank you guys for your help. I will definitely pass this magic ball on to my sister. Tell me, did you enjoy completing the tasks? Who liked dividing the word “MAK” into sounds? Who liked the game “Say the Word”? Who liked dividing their names into syllables? Well, now I want to say goodbye to you. After all, I need to hurry to my sister. She is really looking forward to her magic ball. Goodbye! You guys are great! | Open the chest, find a ball and a treat for each child Children's answers | Slide number 25 |
Annotated catalog of EOR:
- http://montessory.ru/palchikovye-igry
- http://allforchildren.ru/kidfun/riddles_bath.php
- http://www.skazochki.narod.ru/zagadki/zagad1.html
- http://ped-kopilka.ru/vneklasnaja-rabota/zagadki-schitalki-i-skorogovorki/zagadki-na-bukvu-r.html
- http://www.xn--b1aecbp4ck.xn--p1ai/razdel20/skorogovorki.html
- http://festival.1september.ru/articles/570752/
- http://www.gramota.ru/class/memos/?page=2
- http://festival.1september.ru/articles/504742/
- http://kuhta.clan.su/load/zdorovesberegajushhie_tekhnologii_v_shkole/profilaktika/fizkultminutka_buratino/45-1-0-260
- http://littlhuman.ru/677/
Slide captions:
GDOU No. 10 Vasileostrovsky district Ivanova Natalya Sergeevna Teacher of the highest category Work experience 10 years
Summary of classes to prepare for literacy in the senior group of kindergarten
Fairy Evelina's magic chest
Letter from fairy Evelina Dear guys! My name is fairy Evelina. I am turning to you for help. An evil sorcerer deprived me of my magical powers. He stole from me the key to the chest in which my magic ball is kept. Without this ball I won't be able to do magic. The point is that this key is in your group. After solving the riddles and completing 3 tasks, you will find 3 keys. But only one of them approaches the lock of the chest. Please help me! I am sending the chest with my sister. Thank you very much!
Finger game “Castle” There is a lock hanging on the door. Who could open it? pulled... twisted... knocked... and opened!
Guess the riddle There is a portrait in the room that looks like us in everything. Laugh - and in response He will laugh too
What is the name of the flower? How many sounds are in the word?
What is the first sound in a word? Vowel or consonant?
What is the second sound in the word? Vowel or consonant?
What is the third sound in a word? Vowel or consonant?
Guess the riddle Not a bush, but with leaves, Not a person, but talking, Not a shirt, but sewn.
Tell me a word Over the meadows, over the water A torrential rain poured, And then a yoke hung in the sky. The children are happy with Tsvetnaya...
Tell me a word In the morning, the grandfather asked his granddaughter: Why don’t you wash...
Tell me a word: Mikhail played football and scored into the goal...
Tell me a word. I took the flour and took the cottage cheese, baked it crumbly...
Tell me a word Waddle from the ice floes To our matinee...
Physical education lesson “Pinocchio” Pinocchio stretched. One-bent over, two-bent over Three-bent over. He spread his arms to the sides. I never found the key. To get the key, we need to stand on our toes.
Guess the riddle They beat him, but he doesn’t cry, He just jumps higher, higher!
Listen to the story “Zina loved to jump over a rope. She asked her mother for a rope and ran with it to the clearing. She looked around - there were no her friends! Zina began loudly calling her friends: Ma-sha!, Ma-ri-na!, Ta-nya!, Na-ta-sha!, Wa-la!. The girlfriends heard it, came running and started playing merrily.”
Divide the words into syllables. Match the diagram to the word. Ma-sha. Marina
Divide the words into syllables. Match the diagram to the word. Ko-lya Se-ryo-zha
Result: Consolidated knowledge of vowels and consonants, developed phonemic awareness, creative thinking Strengthened the ability to divide words into syllables Developed memory and attention
Materials used Annotated catalog of electronic educational resources: http://montessory.ru/palchikovye-igry http://allforchildren.ru/kidfun/riddles_bath.php http://www.skazochki.narod.ru/zagadki/zagad1.html http:/ /ped-kopilka.ru/vneklasnaja-rabota/zagadki-schitalki-i-skorogovorki/zagadki-na-bukvu-r.html http://www.xn--b1aecbp4ck.xn--p1ai/razdel20/skorogovorki.html http ://festival.1september.ru/articles/570752/ http://www.gramota.ru/class/memos/?page=2 http://festival.1september.ru/articles/504742/ http://kuhta .clan.su/load/zdorovesberegajushhie_tekhnologii_v_shkole/profilaktika/fizkultminutka_buratino/45-1-0-260 http://littlhuman.ru/677/ Methodological materials for the project: 1. L.A. Kuleshov “Literacy classes in preschool educational institutions” TC “Teacher”. Voronezh.2005 2. G.F. Martsinkevich “Teaching literacy to preschool children” “Teacher”. Volgograd 2002 3. R.M. Khamidulina “Teaching literacy” “Exam” Moscow 2009
Thank you for your attention!
“ZKR. Teaching preschoolers the elements of literacy"
Presentation
The main task is to master the norms and rules of the native language.
- In the older group acquiring skills in sound analysis of words of various sound structures, differentiation of vowels, hard and soft consonants.
- .In the preparatory group familiarization with all the letters of the Russian alphabet and the rules for writing them, mastering syllabic and continuous reading methods.
- Formation of the sound side of speech
- Full formation of phonemic processes;
- Readiness for sound-letter analysis and synthesis of the sound composition of speech
- Introducing children to the terms: “sound”, “syllable”, “word”, “sentence”, sounds vowels, consonants, hard, soft, voiceless, voiced. To develop the ability to work with word diagrams, split alphabet and possess syllable reading skills.
- Preparatory stage (non-speech sounds)
- Main stage.
- Pre-letter period (speech sounds) - familiarization with vowel sounds. - familiarization with consonant sounds.
- Letter period (sound-letter) -familiarity with letters.
- sounds that are very contrasting in sound (pipe-drum);
- sounds similar in sound (big tambourine - small tambourine);
- recognition and differentiation of various noises (rustling of paper, bolognese jacket, foil; the knocking of pencils, pens, spoons:) Suggested games: “Find out what it sounds?”, “Where does the bell sound?”, “Show the picture”, “Loud - quiet”, “Who said it?”:
- the air does not encounter obstacles - the sound is a vowel (we use a red card).
- The voice is involved in the formation of sound.
Introducing vowel sounds
In russian language 6 vowel sounds V:
A-O-U-E -Y-I – MY VOWEL SOUNDS.
THEY ARE NOT DIFFICULT TO COUNT.
THERE ARE EXACTLY SIX VOWEL SOUNDS.
Sounds [e, e, yu, i] without being NEVER!
To indicate vowel sounds in writing in Russian 10 letters:
vowels of the 1st row
denote hardness
consonant sounds
vowels of the 2nd row
denote softness
consonant sounds
Sounds [e, e, yu, i] without being NEVER!
JOTED SOUNDS
The vowels e, e, yu, i denote two sounds if they stand:
- at the beginning of the word (south, pit, Emelya);
- after vowels (application, shelter, Pelageya), or can indicate one sound after a consonant;
- after the letters b, b (blizzard, entry).
- "Silent Sounds"
- "Photography of Sound"
- “Recalling words for a given sound” (the vowel sound must be stressed - windows, but not window, donkey, but not donkey):
- "Lay out the pictures"
- Isolating this sound among other sounds o, s, A, y, and, a, a, o (with display of articulation, later without display);
- Isolating a given sound from a number of syllables (op, un, at, am, from, ac);
- Isolating a given sound among words (donkey, bus, stork, Alya, lesson);
- Isolating words from text using a given sound. (Alya With Alik walked in the garden asters collected)
Introducing consonants
Consonants
Soft the sound is “affectionate”, the hard sound is “strict”.
To determine the voicedness and deafness of a consonant, we use the neck technique:
If the neck is ringing, then the ringing sound is running.
Sounds of Letters Sounds of Letters
We introduce children to the rule: “We pronounce and hear sounds, but we see and write letters.”
Introducing consonant sounds. Symbolism of consonants Sound analysis of words
- reverse syllables that have meaning (om, un, am, at);
- straight syllables that also have meaning (mo, well, na);
- monosyllabic words without consonants (juice, sleep, house, catfish, tooth, cat);
- two-syllable words with direct open words (sieve, vase, arc);
- monosyllabic with a consonant cluster (chair, elephant, crane);
- disyllabic with confluence (word);
- trisyllabic with straight open syllables (magpie).
The word analysis should be carried out in a certain sequence: 1. Say the word and listen to it. Before the isolation of sounds from a word begins, the teacher must make sure that the child pronounces the word correctly. 2. Say the word syllable by syllable. 3. Highlight (stretch out) the first sound in the word, name it, describe it. 4. Designate the selected sound with a chip. 5. Extend (highlight) the second sound in the word, characterize it, etc. 6. Read the whole word from the chips. 7. Answer the questions: - how many sounds are there in a word? - how many vowels? - how many syllables? - how many consonants?
Introducing letters.
Write a letter in the air on the table;
Lay out a printed letter from pencils, counting sticks, laces, strings;
Write the letter with your finger on semolina or other small grains;
Lay out a letter from large and small buttons, beads,
beans and other small items;
Tear out the image of a letter from paper;
Receive a letter as a gift;
Treat yourself to a letter-shaped cookie;
Model from plasticine, dough;
Write a letter of different sizes and different colors on the poster:
Select (underline) the desired letter in the text.
Literacy training is carried out exclusively on the basis of sounds correctly pronounced by all children, i.e. the sequence of learning sounds and letters takes place in accordance with the formation of sounds in ontogenesis
Correlating letters with sounds
- - a combination of two letters denoting vowel sounds; (AU, IA)
- - a combination of a vowel and a consonant in a reverse syllable; (AM, OP)
- - a combination of a consonant and a vowel in a direct syllable; (NA, YOU)
- - monosyllabic words of the GHS type; (KOT)
- - two-syllable and three-syllable words consisting of open syllables; (MOM, NATASHA)
- - two- and three-syllable words consisting of open and closed syllables; (CAT)
- - two-syllable words with a combination of consonants; (FANTIK)
- - three syllables with a consonant cluster; (FACTORY)
- - a simple two-part sentence without a preposition; (MY BUNNY).
- - a simple sentence of 3-4 words without a preposition; (THIS IS MY CAT).
- - a simple sentence of 3-4 words with a preposition; (BUNNY AT THE BUSH),
- naming words with the sound being studied;
- determining the position of a given sound in words;
- acquaintance with the letter through artistic words;
- fixing the visual image of a letter by laying it out from counting sticks, ropes, chains, sticks, etc.;
- typing letters (syllables, words, sentences);
- sound-letter analysis of words with laying out diagrams and subsequent replacement of chips with already familiar letters;
- selection of words to the proposed diagrams with partially inscribed letters;
- an exercise to transform words by replacing one letter;
- composing and typing words with a given syllable;
- composing and typing words from isolated syllables;
- adding elements of letters, “noisy” letters, puzzles.
1. A preschooler’s path to literacy lies through games of sounds and letters. After all, writing is the translation of speech sounds into letters, and reading is the translation of letters into sounding speech.
2. A child’s acquaintance and work with letters is preceded by a sound period of learning.
3. When playing sounds with your child, rely primarily on your own hearing.
4. Throughout the entire period of training, both sounds and the letters corresponding to them should be named in the same way - i.e. the way the sound sounds.
5. Do not confuse the concept of sound and letter. Remember: we hear and pronounce a sound, but we see a letter and can write it.
6. When introducing letters, give only printed samples.
7. Maximum The duration of classes for 6-7 year old children is 30-35 minutes.
8. Be generous with praise, note even the smallest changes in the child, express your joy and confidence in his further successes.
9. Reasonable demands from an adult will only benefit the child.
- Kashe G. A. Preparing children with speech impediments for school. – M.: Education, 1985.
- Kuznetsova E. V., Tikhonova I. A. Steps to school. Teaching literacy to children with speech impairments. – M.: Sphere shopping center, 2001.
- http://detsad-kitty.ru/uploads/posts/2011-08/1312643361_zv-linejkaprevyu.jpg
- http://omel.ucoz.ru/swuk-analis/t.png
- http://kokarevala.narod.ru/olderfiles/1/simvoly_zvukov.jpg
- http://lusana.ru/files/1284/573/39.jpg
- http://for-schoolboy.ru/media/images/Uchim-bukvyi/index_clip_image002.jpg
- http://pandia.ru/text/78/386/images/image003_0.png
- http://pandia.ru/text/78/386/images/image004.png
The main components that are included in the process of learning to read and write: the formation of the sound side of speech; formation of phonemic processes; readiness for sound-letter analysis and synthesis of the sound composition of speech; familiarization with the terms: “sound”, “syllable”, “word”, “sentence”, sounds vowels, consonants, hard, soft, voiceless, voiced. ability to work with the scheme of words, sentences, split alphabet; possession of syllable reading skills.
Recommendations for teaching literacy to children. 1. A preschooler’s path to literacy lies through games of sounds and letters. After all, writing is the translation of speech sounds into letters, and reading is the translation of letters into sounding speech. 2. A child’s acquaintance and work with letters is preceded by a sound period of learning. 3. When playing sounds with your child, rely primarily on your own hearing. 4. Throughout the entire period of training, both sounds and the letters corresponding to them should be named in the same way - i.e. the way the sound sounds. 5. Do not confuse the concept of sound and letter. Remember: we hear and pronounce a sound, but we see a letter and can write it. 6. When introducing letters, give only printed samples. 7. The maximum duration of classes for 6-7 year old children is minutes. 8. Be generous with praise, note even the smallest changes in the child, express your joy and confidence in his further successes. 9. Reasonable demands from an adult will only benefit the child.
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Sounds and letters. Teacher-speech therapist: Bulbova Tatyana Sergeevna Municipal preschool educational institution - "P O L YA N K A" Combined kindergarten No. 55
Speech sounds.
Vowel sounds and letters. There are many riddles in the Russian language. Here is one of them. Our language has 6 vowel sounds: (a), (o), (u), (s), (i), (e). There are ten letters to represent these sounds: a, o, u, y, i, e, e, e, yu, i.
Listen carefully to how we pronounce some sounds. But this does not always happen. Listen to the words: row, takeoff, ticket, backpack. In these words, the letters i, e, ё, yu represent one sound!
Look at the place the letters e, e, yu, i occupy in a word, and you will find out how many sounds they represent - two or one!
Consonant sounds and letters. There are 36 consonant sounds in the Russian language. Just like some vowels, most consonants can indicate two sounds: hard and soft. The rest of the consonants can be either only soft or only hard.
There are 6 pairs of consonants in the Russian language, which are similar in pronunciation, but some are voiced and others are voiceless. These names appeared for a reason. Paired consonants Cover your ears with your palms and pronounce the sounds of the first column. You feel that the sounds are pronounced in such a way that you hear a bell in your ears - hence the name: ringing. When pronouncing the consonants of the second column, this bell is not heard, which is why they are called deaf. Let's do a little experiment!
Unpaired consonants
Memo for children and adults. .
Words are made of sounds. The sounds sound different and similar. They are pronounced in a certain sequence. According to the duration of the sound of words - short and long. Accordingly, they contain many and few sounds. Children's familiarization with the sound side of speech begins in younger groups. Children learn to pronounce sounds clearly and clearly through games and exercises. First it's a song. For example, the beetle's song is zhzh. Then this sound - zhzhzh. Methodology for sound analysis of a word
The method of sound analysis was created based on the experience of other well-known studies by psychologist D.B. Elkonin. He developed the positional principle of reading. Its task is to teach children to focus on the next letter. Those. The pronunciation of a consonant phoneme when reading should be carried out taking into account the position of the vowel phoneme following it. For example, in the words small, chalk, crumpled, soap, mule, the consonant sound m is pronounced differently each time depending on what sound follows it. So, it is important that children learn to focus on the letter of the vowel following the letter of the consonant. To do this, the main thing in the pre-letter period is to teach preschoolers to distinguish between vowels and consonants, stressed and unstressed vowels, soft and hard consonants.
Stages of sound analysis 1st stage. Intonation selection of sounds. Important! The sound analysis scheme should be addressed when children learn to distinguish sounds intonationally and, on the basis of this, determine their place in a word. Algorithm (execution sequence) - the word ay is pronounced drawn out - 1 sound aaa is highlighted - 2 sound uuu is highlighted.
Due to their characteristics, it is difficult for preschoolers to rely only on pronunciation, establishing the order of sounds. We need a kind of mark, clarity, feature. And Elkonin proposed modeling words in the form of a picture diagram of the sound composition. The picture shows an object whose name word must be analyzed. Below the picture is a graphical diagram of sound analysis in the form of horizontal cells according to the number of phonemes. Along with the diagram, children are given several colored chips. For example, cardboard, plastic; round, square. The circuit is filled with chips based on the sequential selection of sounds.
Algorithm – highlighting a vowel sound + marking on the diagram with a chip - highlighting a consonant sound + marking on the diagram with a chip. At the same stage, the place of stress in the word is established, i.e. stressed vowel. There is only one stress in the word. Correct stress is important, otherwise the word will not be recognized and understood. Algorithm – highlighting a stressed syllable – highlighting a stressed vowel sound + marking the stress location on the diagram. 2. stage. Differentiation of vowels and consonants.
The algorithm is the selection of a consonant sound + determination of softness-hardness + marking on the diagram with a certain chip. Children identify soft and hard sounds. This can be explained in different ways. For example, L.E. Zhurova does this in a playful way. Paired sounds are called “Brothers”, hard sounds are called “Angry”, soft sounds are called “Kind”. 3. stage. Differentiation of consonant sounds by hardness and softness 4. stage. Carrying out sound analysis without relying on clarity - a graphical diagram, and then gradually abandoning the chips. As a result, a complete sound analysis is in your head.
Techniques for teaching sound analysis of words Intonationally highlight 1,2... sound. Intonationally highlight a given sound. What is the first vowel (consonant) sound, what is the second... how many vowels, consonants are there in total?.. Consecutive pronunciation of sounds individually and in chorus. Schematic illustration. A card with an image of an object and a sound analysis diagram, a set of chips of different colors. This material allows children to move from mechanical reading to conscious reading. It is better to first use those words that are read the same way as they are written (mother, cup). Selection of words with a given sound (based on toys, surrounding objects, paintings, diagrams, according to verbal tasks). A relay race with a conditional object that is passed on, for example, a flower. The teacher says the word, then places a flower in front of the child - he names 1 sound of the word. Places a flower in front of another child - he names the 2nd sound, etc.
Rough letters, frame inserts with letters. They are good because you can touch them and feel all the curves. It has been proven that this stimulates the child to write them. Exercises such as “Name the sounds of my word”, “Add a sound to my word”, “Objects around us” (name objects with a given sound, whoever is bigger is faster). Game "Toy Store", "Who will quickly see the objects in the name that have a given sound." Games like “How many letters and sounds are there in words”, “Count the vowels and consonants in a word”, “Match the word to the diagram”, “Match the diagrams to the pictures”. Game "Choir". Children imitating sounds pronounce them together. Come to the conclusion that the sounds in a word must be pronounced one after another. Game-exercise “I conceived a sound.” You can guess it by asking only 7 questions.
Some recommendations for teachers Repeat and listen to the word to the teacher and children many times; Pronounce the sounds in a word so that each of them can be heard, highlight them intonationally. Give children the opportunity to find out for themselves what it takes to hear sound. Each time pronounce a sound, listen, give a description, conditionally designate, identify a stressed syllable, check, read the recording. Use letters as a last resort when you clearly understand the sounds with your children. You can, in order not to get confused yourself and not to confuse children in identifying sounds and letters, call not a consonant (vowel) letter, but the letter of a consonant, the letter of a vowel (this is what linguists recommend, this is the truth). Let there be a hint before your eyes in the correct name of the letters:
A – a B – be V – ve G – ge D – de E – e E – e F – zhe Z – ze I – and Y – and short K – ka L – el M – em N – en O – o P – pe R – er S – es T – te U – y F – ef X –ha Ts – tse Ch – che Sh – sha Shch – shcha b – hard sign Y – y b – soft sign E – e Yu – yu Ya - I
Thank you for your attention!
