Svetlana Emelyanova
Creative project “Oh, potatoes, potatoes!”

View project:

Short-term, group, creative.

Duration project: one week.

Participants project: children of the middle group, parents of students, teacher, music director.

Relevance:

One day, sitting at the table during lunch, one of the pupils asked: “And where did it come to us from? potato?» . This question interested me, I decided to tell the children about potatoes, about his origin, about how he came to Russia.

Target project:

To form knowledge among children in middle groups about potatoes and their cultivation.

Tasks project:

Educational:

Introduce children to the Motherland potatoes; his appearance in Rus'.

Stimulate cognitive interest by creating conditions for research activities.

Developmental:

Develop curiosity Creative skills, speech, imagination.

Educational:

creativity, through fairy tales, proverbs, sayings, figurative expressions, songs and Russian folk round dances, love for nature, respect for the work of rural residents.

Expected Results project:

As a result of the implementation of this project we want to expand children's horizons. Develop thinking, memory, speech, imagination, curiosity, Creative skills. Increase the interest of parents in the development of the child’s personality.

Preparatory stage:

Development of GCD notes, experiments, experiments.

Selection of literature, photographs, illustrations, stories, poems, riddles about potatoes.

Creating a subject-development environment in the group (flower pots for planting potatoes, tubers potatoes).

Involving parents to provide a variety of assistance to the teacher.

Main stage:

GCD for familiarization with to those around: "Hello, honey potato» ; -Conversations: "How potatoes have arrived on the table» , "Diseases potatoes» , "What can be prepared from potatoes» , "Doctor in uniform".

GCD "Oh potato, potato» (drawing); "Funny potato» (modeling); “My grandmother and I are harvesting” (collective application).

-Didactic games: "Wonderful bag", "Guess by the description", “Cooking borscht”, “Determine by touch”, "Tops and Roots".

- Experiments: "We extract starch from potatoes» , "Comparison of homemade, industrial starch and flour".

- Outdoor games: "Let's Harvest", "Caterpillar", "The most dexterous".

The final stage:

Exhibition of crafts from potatoes made jointly by children with their parents and teacher; photo exhibition of drawings "I paint with iodine", "Oh potato, delicious!”;

Entertainment "Oh potato, potato!» .

Cooperation with family th:

Conducting consultations for parents "The history of the appearance potatoes in Rus'» ;

Participation in competitions for the best craft from potatoes; for the best dish from potatoes"Oh potato, delicious!”.

Product project activities:

Crafts, drawings, photographs.

In the spring we decided to continue our project and in our small garden they planted potatoes. A small experiment: in the group we sprouted potato(several tubers, and together with unsprouted potatoes were planted in the garden bed to see which one will grow faster and give more yield. After we dug potatoes turned out that unsprouted larger potatoes than sprouted. The children came to the conclusion that everything happened because May was hot, and the tops of the sprouted potatoes quickly stretched out without gaining strength. Planting 10 small potatoes, we dug up 2 kilograms and 700 grams with the children potatoes. We took our harvest to the kitchen, where it was boiled. Our potato it was tasty and crumbly.

Presentation project

Summary of educational activities for familiarization with the environment in the middle group of kindergarten.

Target: consolidate children's knowledge about potatoes, its origin, the history of its appearance in Rus'. Develop cognitive interest.

Tasks:

Educational:

Continue to teach children about the origin story potatoes, his appearance in Rus'.

Expand your understanding of the significance of this vegetable in human life.

Stimulate cognitive interest by creating conditions for research activities.

Developmental:

Develop curiosity Creative skills, memory, speech, imagination.

Educational:

Cultivate interest and love for oral folklore creativity, through fairy tales, proverbs, sayings, figurative expressions, love for nature, respect for the work of rural residents.

Material for GCD:

Three saucers, two types of starch, flour, two glasses of water, a spoon;

Costumes of different peoples of the world, masks-caps for the round dance game;

Discs with melodies of Russian folk songs, round dances, music by V. Shainsky "Antoshka".

Preliminary work:

Conducting experiments with soil, preparing it for planting, monitoring the growth of seedlings.

GCD move.

Educator:

In some kingdom

In some state

Not on Mars and not on the Moon

Lived potatoes in the ground.

Had royal properties

She managed to feed the people.

In a word, our speech is about

How did you come? potatoes to the house!

About all properties, care,

About working in the garden,

About crafts, delicious food

It won’t hurt to find out everything.

Today you guys and I will be traveling with our favorite potatoes. In a time machine we will go into the depths of history. To where I started my journey - potato, to South America.

500 years ago no one in Europe knew that there was such a plant - potato. But then the ships of Christopher Columbus, a brave navigator, returned to Spain from a long voyage. Columbus presented the king and queen of Spain with a gift to the king and queen of Spain, a huge land he had discovered overseas. Columbus did not ask the consent of the Indians, the indigenous inhabitants of this land. The most valuable cargo was not looted gold - it was quickly wasted, but seeds, tubers, grains - new plants unknown to Europe.

What the Quechua Indians called their wet nurse, their descendants will tell us.

(Two children come out dressed as Indians)

For a long time we have called our nurse “dad.” In honor of dad, we are organizing a harvest festival. Women dress up large tubers like dolls; they sew skirts from multi-colored scraps. Men dance, leaving a bag of tubers on their heads.

Educator: That's how I came potatoes to old Europe. But they did not immediately begin to eat it.

The English call her - potato

The Dutch and French - earth apple.

Italians - tartuffel.

Germans - potato.

Russians – potato.

In France with flowers potatoes decorated hairstyles, and also pinned flowers to dresses instead of brooches. In Russia Peter 1 brought potatoes, but people did not immediately understand the usefulness potatoes and even rioted. Then Peter 1 issued a decree.

(A boy comes out dressed as a Duma clerk)

“I order all boyars and nobles, merchants and peasants to grow fruits called potato and eat them. For disobedience, whip everyone with rods

This is what I subscribe to Peter 1"

Educator: So I went to spread it potatoes not only in Europe, but also in Rus'.

We now cannot imagine our life without potatoes.

Guys, who can tell me where it is used? potato(children's answers).Right. Potato They are used not only for food. It is used in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the technical industry.

Look at our magic table, what’s not on it. Today we will conduct experiments with homemade starch (which we prepared ourselves in advance), industrial starch and flour.

How does our starch differ from industrial starch? (Children find similarities and differences). What do you think is in the third saucer? (Flour) What do flour and starch have in common? What is the difference? (children's answers) What happens if you put it in a glass with water? (children conduct an experiment) What happens to flour if it is also placed in a glass of water? (experience) What is made from flour? From starch? Where is starch used?

To keep bread soft longer, starch is added to it, fur products are cleaned, and added to sausages and sausages to make them juicy.

Educator: We sat together for a long time

And we're tired of each other.

Isn't it time we all stand up

Play different games.

Dramatization of A. Filipenko's song "Harvest"

Child: Although it is indecent to boast, I must tell you.

Without potatoes - excellent, neither eat nor dance.

Even a tasty cucumber with only well done with potatoes.

Although the green onions are angry, potato's best friend.

From potatoes here and there, the desired product is made.

And it’s not for nothing that potatoes Everyone calls it second bread.

Educator: Guys, how many of you know proverbs and sayings about potatoes. (children's answers)

Hungry and potato delicacy.

Easily potatoes will not be born.

The bread was born in the shaft, and potatoes in a wheel.

Luggage potatoes in okroshka, and love is in action.

Spruce and birch - why not firewood, salt, yes potatoes - what is not food.

Educator: The Russian people came up with many proverbs and sayings about potatoes, but he believed that potato It also has other properties for its use. And here's what our guys will tell us.

(Children in Russian folk costumes come out and talk about it)

-Potatoes are not just food, but also medicine.

Grated gruel potatoes You can apply it to the burn site and the pain will gradually subside, and the swelling from it will subside.

When you have a cold, breathe in the steam from the cooked food. potatoes.

If your stomach hurts, you need to rub potato grate and squeeze out the juice. Freshly squeezed juice should be drunk three times a day.

(A child comes out in a suit potatoes)

I'm not a turnip, I'm potato!

Even the cat knows this.

I am the head of all fruits,

It’s as clear as two and two,

If there is no soup potatoes,

There is no need to pick up a spoon,

In hot oil, look,

I can become French fries.

And for chips, believe it or not -

I am the most important component.

Educator: Let's play, we'll sing a little song about potatoes.

Song "Antoshka" music by V. Shainsky.

Educator: Guys, our journey by time machine into the past and present of our favorite has ended potatoes, and what will happen in the future, we still have to find out. I hope that such trips will help us learn many more interesting things from everyday life.

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………2

Information about potatoes from the literature……………………………......3

From the history of potatoes…………………………………………………………….....5

My first interview…………………………………………………………….....11

My experiences………………………………………………………..12

Recipes for delicious potato dishes……………………………..13

Conclusion…………………………………………………………….15

Literature……………………………………………………………..16

Introduction

One of the most ancient kingdoms on Earth is the plant kingdom. Since primitive times, people have used plants for their needs. He decorated his home with them and used them for food.

Back in the 3rd grade, during the lessons of the surrounding world, while studying the topic “Plant Growing”, I learned that now we are in Russia's most widespread, most valuable crop after grains, This potato. It is grown in the Arctic Circle, in drained swamps, in deserts and in the mountains.

It was then that I first heard the sayings:“Potatoes are the king of the garden, and potatoes are the queen of the table.” “Potatoes in Rus' are the “second” bread.”

I thought: “Why do they say that?” And a whole series of questions immediately arose:

What are potatoes?

Where did potatoes come from and how did they get to Russia?

Is it true that there is Potato Day?

Why are boiled potatoes crumbly?

Why do fried potatoes have a crispy, golden brown crust?

Topic of my work: “Oh, potatoes, potatoes!”

The purpose of my work:

Find out whether potatoes are actually the second bread in Rus'.

Tasks:

After studying the literature, materials on the Internet, find out what potatoes are, where potatoes come from and how they got to Russia, interesting information about potatoes.

Prove that potatoes are the second bread.

Find out experimentally what potatoes are made of.

Summarize the data obtained.

Information about potatoes from literature

One of the objectives of my research was to become familiar with the literature about plants. rich in starch, as well as (collected) the tubers themselves.” But in the etymological dictionary I learned about the origin of the word: “POTATOES. Borrowed from the German language in the 18th century.” But the word “POTATO” is originally Russian.

Getting acquainted with the Great Russian Encyclopedia, I learned what potatoes are called in different parts of our country. For example: Vyatchans call

kartos, cartishes; Tulchan and Muscovites - potatoes, potatoes; in Ukraine - bulba, and Siberians call it “devil’s apple”, barabolya or baraboshka.

Every year I help my parents plant, care for and harvest potatoes, and I was interested in learning how to do it correctly. Here's what I read.

Potatoes are planted in May, in rows with a distance of 60 cm between them, one tuber from another every 25-30 cm. To protect the tubers of early potato varieties from diseases, they should be harvested before August 1-5. Late varieties are harvested in September. Only mature healthy tubers are stored for storage. The main pest is the Colorado potato beetle. In addition, potatoes are susceptible to late blight.

Potatoes do not grow from seeds, but from eyes on tubers, which are buds. These buds grow into sprouts. The height of potato tops reaches from 30 to 90 cm. Potatoes are usually harvested when the tops dry out.

The nutritional properties of the potato were immortalized in its name, which comes from a combination of the German words “kraft” and “teufel” - the devil's power.

There are more and more potato lovers. Despite the abundance of tuber crops “for every taste,” their selection is gaining momentum from year to year. There are 3400 varieties of potatoes!

In our rural library I found many interesting books in which I read a lot of interesting things about potatoes: where is its real homeland and how this plant got to Russia.

From the history of potatoes

Homeland of potatoes - Peru . About 4,500 years ago, the Incas accidentally stumbled upon thickets of an unknown plant. The tubers found in the ground were to the taste of the natives, and they began to grow a new vegetable. Moreover, the ancient civilization managed to develop even cold-resistant potato varieties.

Five hundred years ago no one in Europe I didn’t know there was such a plant – potatoes. But then the ships of Christopher Columbus returned to Spain from a long voyage. The most valuable cargo that they brought home were seeds, tubers, and grains of new plants unknown to Europe. Papa - this is what the Quechua Indians called potatoes. But in Europe they did not immediately understand that the main thing in potatoes is the tubers.

And people flatly refused to eat the “poisonous foreign berry.” But one day the French pharmacist Parmentier collected a bouquet of purple potato flowers and presented it to the king. Soon the queen also appeared at the ball with potato flowers in her hair. The fashion spread instantly. All the French women harassed their husbands with requests to get the same flowers. Thus, potatoes spread throughout Europe.

The surprising thing is that earthen apples in Russia first seen at the beginning of the 18th century. This is the young, inquisitive Tsar Peter I, who tried to send everything interesting that he saw abroad to his homeland for benefit.

While in Holland, Peter I tried potato dishes, found them tasty and sent a bag of tubers to Count Sheremetyev. With all the respect for the royal gift, the count could not hide his disgust for the unsightly fruit. No one knew what kind of fruits they were and how they should be eaten. Russian peasants were afraid of an overseas plant.

They say that, having learned about this, PeterIdecided to resort to cunning. Having sowed several fields with potatoes, he ordered armed guards to be placed around them. All day long the soldiers guarded the potato plantings and went to bed at night. The peasants who lived nearby, of course, could not resist the temptation and began to steal potatoes and plant them on their plots. And only in 1765, Empress Catherine II “ordered to take all measures” to distribute potatoes in Russia.

But despite everything, potatoes spread very quickly in Russia, because they helped feed people during crop failures.

Over time, potatoes turned into a “substitute” for the main product - bread, and still maintains this level.

Potatoes have become so popular around the world that museums have even been created. A museum of French fries has opened in Belgium. It is located in the very center of Bruges. Visitors are introduced not only to the history and recipes for making French fries, but also to the history of the emergence of potatoes in Europe. In the same museum there is a photograph of Marilyn Monroe in a “potato dress”.

There are similar museums in Canada and Denmark. The Potato Museum is open in Blackfoot, Idaho, USA. Among its exhibits are 4,000-year-old fossilized potatoes from Peru.

Quite a few monuments have been created: a monument to the Vyatka Potato, on Prince Edward Island - a sand sculpture “Mr. Potato”. In 2008, a monument to potatoes appeared in Mariinsk; this city is considered the record holder for harvesting this vegetable. There is a monument in the Belarusian city of Shklov.

The British believe that potatoes deserve more attention, and therefore February 2 note Potato Day.

Potatoes, which have become an integral attribute of Russian national cuisine, deserve their own annual holiday. July 23 2005 was celebrated for the first time in Russia New Potato Day. 2008 in Russia was declared the year of the potato.
Potatoes have long inspired many poets and artists to create works.

Potato inspired:
Plastov A.A. "Potato Harvesting";
Falk R.R. "Potato»;
Kuprin A.V. "Potato Flowers";
Gritsay A. “Harvesting potatoes”;
Van Gogh V. “Potato Eaters”, “Basket of Potatoes”;
Bastien-Lepage J. “Woman Picking Potatoes”;

V. Stozharov "Still life";

T. Voronova "Still life".

Potato songs

Potato. Words and music by V. Popov
1. Eh, let’s sing, guys
We lived in a camp.
And in the sun, like kittens
We warmed ourselves this way, warmed ourselves this way.
2. Our poor stomachs
We were always hungry.
And we counted the minutes
Until lunch time.
3. The smoke of the fire, the glow of the coals,
Gray ash and ash...
Teases our sense of smell
Spirit of potatoes by the fire.
4.Hello, sweet potato,
We bow to you with our brow, -
Even a long way
You and I don't care!
5.Ah, potatoes are delicious,
Pioneer ideal!
He doesn't know pleasure
Who hasn't eaten potatoes?

Potato. Song from the movie "Breakfast on the Grass"
Music by V. Shainsky Words by M. Lvovsky
1. How many times at a halt
We baked potatoes
Feast - feasted
Conversations were conducted

Chorus:
2.Ah, potatoes, potatoes
There's a coal in the skin,
Golden sparks
Blue smoke.
(chorus repeated twice)
3.Very delicate matter
Even for a connoisseur
Brown skillfully
Potatoes have sides!
Chorus.
4.From palm to palm
Leave her, leave her!
How about salting the potatoes?
Don't let it cool down!
Chorus.
5. Spring water
We'll drink potatoes
And, of course, with you,

Let's drink by the fire.
Chorus.

Potato. Words by L. Korostin, music. N. Podkolskaya
1. Bake, travelers, in the ashes
On a rainy day, potatoes
Then about home and warmth
He will only be a little sad.
Chorus:
2.And we bake it, bake it,
Simmering under the coals.
We don't care about rain and wind,
When potatoes are with us.
3. Kind tourists in reserve
Take a pinch of salt
It will be found with us too,
Are we worse than people, or what?
Chorus
4.Although my appetite has increased,
Let's wait a little
Those who rush in vain make people laugh -
He eats potatoes raw.
Chorus.

Potato Poems
Potato. Z. Alexandrova
We'll take the buckets, and we'll take the path,
Friendship will help us dig up potatoes.
Potatoes, potatoes, a rich harvest,
All the guys love delicious potatoes.
That’s why this early ripening tastes better
That the guys had to tinker with it.
Only the autumn sunset will illuminate the windows,
We will bake potatoes in hot ashes.
Potato. I. Demyanov
Why are my palms black?
Nobody scolds me
Potatoes with grandma
We planted by the fence!

Soon here, on the soft slopes,
Where the sides of the barn warmed up,
Lots of green bows
May will be stuck on the ridge.

After yellow, white, blue
The lights will light up -
They will be so beautiful
Our beds by the river!

Let my palms be dirty
I'm already used to work...
And there are no tastier potatoes,
What do you plant in the garden yourself?

My first interview.

Who doesn't love dishes made from potatoes? For example, I really love potatoes. Just imagine in front of you fried potatoes with a golden brown crust or mashed potatoes, topped with butter. Lunch, and that’s all!

To find out Do schoolchildren like potatoes? , I conducted a survey among students at our school, which has 40 students. Here are the results I got: 38 students answered “yes”, only 2 students answered “no”.

Awhat potato dishes do they know and love? ? This is what I heard:

Potato dishes

Number of people

Mashed potatoes

Stewed potatoes

Potato soup

Fried potatoes

The vinaigrette

Pies with potatoes

Potato casserole

I live in the village of Sapanikha. There are 15 houses in it, all residents have vegetable gardens.

To the question: « Do they plant potatoes in the garden? ?», all residents gave a positive response.

I visited the residents of all the houses and asked the question in each house: « Why are you planting potatoes?

And here are the answers I received:

We love potatoes.

We will eat the large ones ourselves, and feed the small ones to the cattle.

For sale.

My experiences

Have you ever wondered why cooked potatoes fall apart? Why do fried potatoes have a crispy brown crust? What are our favorite chips made from?

I decided to conduct experiments and find out what potatoes are made of.

Experience 1. I peeled the potatoes, washed them and grated them. I ended up with potato mush. Then I threw the resulting mass onto cheesecloth and squeezed it out. I poured the water, which immediately began to darken, into a clean container and allowed it to settle. After 5 minutes, I poured out the dark water and saw a dense mass of a slightly grayish color at the bottom of the dish. This is starch. After washing and drying, I got a powder from this grayish mass.

Conclusion: This means that potatoes consist of water and starch.

Experience 2. I cut the potatoes in half. A little iodine was dropped onto the cut part. The area where the iodine hit first turned brownish (the color of iodine), and then immediately turned dark purple. .

Conclusion: This indicates the presence of starch in potatoes.

Here are the answers to the above questions:

when cooking potatoes, part of the water evaporates, and the presence of starch makes the potatoes crumbly;

When frying, the water evaporates and the starch browns in the fat;

Well, our favorite chips are made not from pure potatoes, but from starch with the addition of special agents so that they do not crumble.

Recipes for delicious potato dishes

Just recently I watched the movie “Girls”. The main character, the cook Tosya, announced a long list of dishes made from potatoes: fried potatoes, boiled potatoes, mashed potatoes, French fries, pie, potato pies, potato pancakes, roll, potato casserole, potatoes stewed with prunes, with bay leaves and peppers, shangi, vareniki. I was very surprised by this, but it turns out that this is not all the dishes.

My mother is a professional cook and from her I learned that more than 100 different dishes can be prepared from potatoes. I became very interested, and I decided to collect recipes for preparing potato dishes.

Here are a few recipes for preparing potato dishes:

Soup “Quiet Day”

Two potatoes, 1 onion, 50 g semolina, salt, pepper, vegetable oil.

Boil the chopped potatoes until tender, add semolina and cook for 10 minutes. Fry the chopped onion in oil until golden brown. Season the soup with roast, pepper, salt, and let simmer for 10 minutes.

Second course “Princely Potatoes”

0.5 kg of potatoes, 300 g of cottage cheese, 100 g of milk, 50-100 g of butter, 2-3 eggs.

Boil potatoes in their skins. Peel and cut into slices. Grease the pan and place a layer of potatoes. Grind the cottage cheese with butter and egg yolks, cover the potatoes. Again a layer of potatoes and cottage cheese on it, and then the remaining potatoes. Pour over whipped egg whites and milk and bake in the oven.

3. Salad “Good conversation”

300 g boiled potatoes, 100 g herring fillet, 2 boiled eggs

hard-boiled, 150 g hard cheese.

Grate the cheese, cut the remaining products into cubes. All

mix and season with mayonnaise.

Dessert “Paradise in a hut”

200 g of boiled potatoes, 0.5 cups of sugar, half a glass of nuts, 1 lemon, 100 g of butter or margarine, 3 eggs, salt, powdered sugar.

Beat the heated butter together with salt, sugar and grated lemon peel. While beating, gradually add eggs (one at a time), chopped, fried nuts and potatoes minced through a meat grinder. Spread this mixture in a 2 cm layer in a greased pan and bake at medium heat for about an hour. After the cookies have cooled, cut them into pieces and sprinkle with powdered sugar.

Conclusion

An ornamental plant, a cure for many diseases, raw materials from which you can make bread, starch, cosmetic powder, oil, wine, coffee, chocolate and yeast... Yes, all this is potatoes!

Potatoes are a relatively unpretentious plant that is cultivated throughout temperate climates.

Potatoes are a nourishing and productive crop.

Potatoes are respected, revered, new varieties are developed, annual holidays are held, museums are created, monuments are erected, songs and poems are written, and pictures are painted. Not every vegetable has such honor!

Flipping through the pages of magazines, cookbooks, talking with my mother, I realized that almost no dish is complete without potatoes:

Potatoes are used as a first course when preparing soups;

Potatoes are the most delicious second course;

Potatoes are added to many salads;

Potatoes are also served for dessert.

Conclusion:

Potatoes in Russia were nicknamed the second bread, because they helped people out in difficult times and are national food.

Potatoes are necessary food on our table and therefore we can say that potatoes are the second bread.

During the research, I studied why potatoes are so important for humans.

In the future, I would like to find out in the process of monitoring the growth of potatoes on our site:

how the amount of moisture affects potato yield;

how fertilized and unfertilized soil affect plant development;

How to protect potatoes from late blight.

This will expand my understanding of potatoes as a cultivated plant.

Literature

Guba N.I., Koshik A.S. Potatoes in your home. /AND. N. Guba, A. S. Kaushik. – Kyiv: Harvest. – 1994. - 208 p.

Karmanov S. N., Serebrennikov V. S. Potatoes from planting to table. S. N. Karmanov, V. S. Serebrenikov. – M.: editorial office of the magazine “Rural Nov”, 1993. – 48 p.

Potato. /Big Russian Encyclopedia: 30 volumes - M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia. – 2008. – 249 – 250 p.

Potatoes, potato growing. /Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Young Farmer. – M.: Pedagogy. – 1983. – 94-97 p.

Heavenly S.I., Every vegetable has its time. /WITH. I. Heavenly. – M.: Det. Lit. – 1995. – 142 p.

Ozhegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. – M.: Azbukovnik, 1999. – 944 p.

Potato grower's directory. /Ed. A. I. Zamotaeva. – M.: Agropromizdat. – 1987. – 351 p.

300 dishes from plant products. /Auth – comp. I. Medklva, T. Pavlova. – M.: SP Vneshiberek, 1991.- 18, 32 – 34, 43, 54 p.

1000+1 advice to a vegetable grower. /Aut- comp. N. A. Baranova, O. L. Nasekailo. – Mn.: Modern writer, 2008. – 249-250 p.

2) began to wait for the tubers to sprout,
3) watched what was happening


History of potatoes. How potatoes appeared in Russia
I prepared the soil quickly, but the potatoes still did not germinate. And while I had time, I decided to learn a little about the history of potatoes, and how they appeared in our country.
The name potato comes from the Italian word truffle and the Spanish word terratuber - groundnut.

The homeland of potatoes is South America. In 1565, “groundnuts”, i.e. potatoes, appeared in Spain and Italy. Peter I brought potatoes to Russia. Quite a long time passed before people realized that potatoes are tasty and nutritious.
Potato is a light-loving and heat-loving plant
I started the experiment on February 26, 2016. I put 2 potatoes on the windowsill, 2 in a dark place, 1 in the refrigerator, 1 near the radiator and 1 in the ground. On the 6th day changes occurred:

On the windowsill- the potatoes turned green, green sprouts appeared;

In a dark place- white sprouts appeared;

There are no sprouts;

Near the battery- large pink sprouts appeared;

In the ground- the largest white sprouts

I looked after them and continued to observe. On day 14 these were the results.

On the windowsill- the red potato leaves open, the buds are 1.2 cm, and the white potato is 0.7 cm,

In a dark place- red potatoes have long white sprouts 1.5 cm, and white potatoes have round sprouts 0.5 cm;

There are no sprouts;

Near the battery- the sprout is very strong 0.7 cm;

In the ground-long white roots of 2.5 cm appeared from the sprouts, the tuber changed color, and signs of spoilage appeared.

On the windowsill

In a dark place- both potatoes have burgundy sprouts with small green leaves 1.1-1.2 cm. The tubers are soft.

Small, weak white sprouts, 0.3-0.4 cm, hatched.

Near the battery- pink sprouts with emerging leaves 1.0-1.1 cm.

In the ground- the stem with leaves grew 11.5 cm, the leaves themselves are 2.5 cm

Conclusion
During my first year of research, I learned where potatoes came from in Russia, that they are a light-loving and heat-loving plant.

Conclusions:

On the windowsill, the sprouts are the strongest, leaves have formed;

In a dark place -The red potato sprouts are long, but do not stick well to the tuber. The white one has strong sprouts.

In the refrigerator, potatoes almost do not germinate in the cold.

Near the radiator, heat promotes germination, but due to lack of light, the sprouts stretch out.

It sprouted first in the ground, but the earth was warm and there was a lot of light.

And in nature, to plant potatoes, you need to wait until the ground warms up. Germination will be faster

Sociological survey.

Question: Is it profitable to grow potatoes in our area?

89% - profitable.

9% - do not plant potatoes, but buy them in the fall.

2% find it difficult to answer.

View document contents
""Oh potatoes, potatoes..." research work"

State budgetary educational institution

Mikhailovskaya correctional boarding school for students with disabilities

Research

“Oh, potatoes, potatoes...”

Work completed: Polishchuk Yaroslava, 3rd grade student

Head: Pavlova Kristina Leonidovna - teacher

• Observe the germination of potatoes in different conditions.

• Find out how long it takes to germinate potatoes before planting, thereby determining whether my mother is germinating potatoes correctly before planting.

• 1. Read encyclopedias, reference books, magazines that contain information about potatoes.

• 2. Select and prepare places for sprouting potatoes.

• 3. Select different types of tubers.

• 4. Write down the dates of the appearance of the first sprout.

• 5. Draw conclusions, summarize the results of the study.

• 1. I think that tubers of different types will germinate in the same conditions at the same time.

• 2. It seems to me that we should agree with the generally accepted opinion that potatoes need to be germinated in warmth and darkness.

• Homeland of potatoes.
• How potatoes got to Russia.
• Potatoes for experiment: Tulun pink, Andretta.

2. Preparation for the experiment.

3. Description of the experiment.

4. Conclusions.

5. Results of the sociological survey.

6. List of references.

• The homeland of potatoes is South America

• In 1565, the “peanut” appeared in Spain and Italy

How did potatoes get to Russia?

Delivered by Peter I

Came from the northeast

Preparing for the experiment

2 6 .0 2 .

20 1 6 G

On the windowsill

2 pcs. red and white

In a dark place 2 pcs. red and white

red

Near the battery

red

In the ground

red

Day 6 - 03.03.201 6 G

On the windowsill

In a dark place

Turned green, green sprouts appeared (more on the white one than on the red one)

In the refrigerator - nick

White sprouts have appeared (more on the white one than on the red one)

Near the battery

There are no sprouts

In the ground

Large pink sprouts appeared

The largest white sprouts

On the 14th day 03/11/201 6 G.

On the windowsill

In a dark place

The leaves of the red potato open, the buds are 1.2 cm;

for white - 0.7 cm.

Red potatoes have long white sprouts of 1.5 cm;

the white one has round white sprouts 0.5 cm.

Near the battery

There are no sprouts

In the ground

The sprout is very

strong 0.7 cm.

The sprouts produced long white roots 2.5 cm long and leaf buds 1.7 cm long.

The tuber changes color and signs of spoilage have appeared.

On the 25th day 03/22/201 6 G.

On the windowsill

In a dark place

Both potatoes have burgundy sprouts with small green leaves 1.1-1.2 cm. The tubers are soft.

The red one has pink sprouts 2.5 cm, which do not stick well to the tuber; the white one has round white sprouts, 2 cm, the tuber is soft.

Near the battery

Small, weak white sprouts, 0.3-0.4 cm, hatched.

In the ground

Pink sprouts with emerging leaves 1.0-1.1 cm.

The stem with leaves grew 11.5 cm, the leaves themselves are 2.5 cm.

CONCLUSIONS

On the windowsill

In a dark place

The sprouts are the strongest, leaves have formed.

Red potatoes have long sprouts, but they do not stick well to the tuber. The white one has strong sprouts.

Near the battery

Potatoes hardly germinate in the cold.

Warmth promotes germination, but due to lack of light the sprouts stretch out

It sprouted very first, but the soil was warm and there was a lot of light.

In nature, to plant potatoes, you need to wait until the ground warms up. Germination will be faster.

Sociological survey.

100 people surveyed.

Question: Is it profitable to grow potatoes in our village?

• 89% - profitable.
• 9% - do not plant potatoes, but buy them in the fall.
• 2% find it difficult to answer.

• S. Heavenly. Young vegetable growers. M. "Children's Literature" 2007, p.125.
• D.I. Traitak. A book to read. Plants. M. "Enlightenment" 2006, Pp. 53
• Ecology for primary schoolchildren: Educational and methodological manual for teachers. 1-4 grades Under general. ed. G. N. Grebenyuk. Edition 2. Polygraphist, 2005. – 410 pp.: ill.

Municipal educational institution “Sorskaya Secondary School 3 with in-depth study of individual subjects” Research work “Oh, potatoes, potatoes...” The work was completed by: Sidorenko Victoria Aleksandrovna - student of 4th grade B Supervisor: Kanaeva Tatyana Anatolyevna - primary school teacher

Research objectives: 1. Read encyclopedias, reference books, magazines that contain information about potatoes. 2. Select and prepare places for sprouting potatoes. 3. Select different types of tubers. 4. Write down the dates of the appearance of the first sprout. 5. Draw conclusions, summarize the results of the study.

Contents 1. Historical background: The birthplace of potatoes. How potatoes got to Russia. Potatoes for experiment: Tulun pink, Andretta. 2. Preparation for the experiment. 3. Description of the experiment. 4. Conclusions. 5. Results of the sociological survey. 6. List of references.

Preparation for the experiment d On the windowsill 2 pcs. red and white In a dark place 2 pcs. red and white In the refrigerator 1 pc. red About battery 1pc. red In the ground 1 pc. red

Day 6 d On the windowsill In a dark place In the refrigerator Near the radiator In the ground Turned green, green sprouts appeared (more on the white one than on the red one) White sprouts appeared (more on the white one than on the red one) No sprouts Large pink sprouts appeared The largest white sprouts

On the 14th day On the windowsill In a dark place In the refrigerator Near the radiator In the ground The leaves of the red potato open, buds are 1.2 cm; for white - 0.7 cm. Red potatoes have long white sprouts of 1.5 cm; the white one has round white sprouts 0.5 cm. There are no sprouts. The sprout is very strong, 0.7 cm. The sprouts produced long white roots 2.5 cm long and buds-leaves 1.7 cm long. The tuber changes color and signs of spoilage have appeared.

On the 25th day On the windowsill In a dark place In the refrigerator Near the radiator In the ground Both potatoes have burgundy sprouts with small green leaves 1.1-1.2 cm. The tubers are soft. The red one has pink sprouts 2.5 cm, which do not stick well to the tuber; the white one has round white sprouts, 2 cm, the tuber is soft. Small, weak white sprouts, 0.3-0.4 cm, hatched. Pink sprouts with emerging leaves 1.0-1.1 cm. The stem with leaves grew 11.5 cm, the leaves themselves are 2.5 cm.

CONCLUSIONS On the windowsill In a dark place In the refrigerator Near the radiator In the ground The sprouts are the strongest, leaves have formed. Red potatoes have long sprouts, but they do not stick well to the tuber. The white one has strong sprouts. Potatoes hardly germinate in the cold. Warmth promotes germination, but due to lack of light the sprouts stretch out. Germination was the very first, but the earth was warm and there was a lot of light. In nature, to plant potatoes, you need to wait until the ground warms up. Germination will be faster.

Literature S. Nebesny. Young vegetable growers. M. "Children's Literature" 2007, p.125. D.I. Traitak. A book to read. Plants. M. "Enlightenment" 2006, Pp. 53 Biology. Man and his health. M. "Enlightenment" 2003, p. 78 Magazine "Garden, vegetable garden - breadwinner and healer" 1, 2, 2008 pp. 2 – 5, pp. 3-6 Mukhin V.D. Homestead farming. Vegetable growing. - M.: Publishing house EKSMO - Press, Publishing house Lik press, p. ISBN c. 215, p. 216 Ecology for primary schoolchildren: Educational and methodological manual for teachers. Grades 1-4 Under general. ed. G. N. Grebenyuk. Edition 2. Printer, – 410 pp.: ill.

Introduction

Chapter 1. What are potatoes

Chapter 2. History of the origin of potatoes

Chapter 3. Questionnaire “Favorite dishes from

potatoes"

Chapter 4. Composition of potatoes

Chapter 5 . Medicinal properties of potatoes. Potato dishes

Conclusion

Literature

Application

Round, crumbly, white, it came to the table from the fields.
You add a little salt to it, because it’s really tasty........

Introduction

Relevance. Among the wide variety of vegetables, an important place is occupied by potato, there are more than a hundred varieties of it, and they plant it literally everywhere.

Perhaps you cannot find a place on Earth where potatoes are not eaten. Not a single family can live without potatoes.

Who doesn't love dishes made from potatoes? For example, I really love it. Just imagine fried potatoes with a golden brown crust or fluffy mashed potatoes in front of you. Lunch, and that’s all! Therefore, every year people plant potatoes in the spring and harvest potatoes for the winter in the fall.

Mom always says: Potatoes are the “second” bread in Rus'.

And why?

I thought about it. And a whole series of questions immediately arose:

What are potatoes?

Where did potatoes come from and how did they get to Russia?

Why are boiled potatoes crumbly?

Why do fried potatoes have a crispy, golden brown crust?

I really wanted to learn as much as possible about this plant, why potatoes are so popular and what dishes can be prepared from them, why French fries are so crispy. I was interested in these questions and decided to find the answers to them myself.

Object of study – Live nature.

Subject of study - potato.

Goal of the work :

Find out whether potatoes are actually the second bread in Rus'.

Achieving this goal involves solving the following tasks :

Study literature and materials on the Internet about potatoes.

Find out where potatoes come from and how they got to Russia.

Prove that potatoes are the second bread.

Explain why boiled potatoes are so crumbly and French fries are so crispy.

Summarize the knowledge gained.

My suggestion: I think that potatoes were brought to our country, potatoes are delicious, so I can’t imagine a dinner table without them.

Research methods:

analysis of information sources;

practical experiences;

generalization of the obtained data.

The research work consists of an introduction, five chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and an appendix.

Chapter 1. What are potatoes?

I began to look for information about potatoes in books, encyclopedias, and the Internet. This is what is said about potatoes in the explanatory dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova: “Tuber crop, fam. nightshade with starch-rich tubers, as well as (collected) the tubers themselves. POTATO- plant of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). Homeland of potatoes. is considered to be South America, where it grows wild as a perennial plant. The first Europeans with potatoes. Spaniards met (1533). In 1565 it was transported to Ireland and then gradually spread throughout Europe. It is believed that it penetrated into Russia under Peter I. Many varieties of potatoes are known, and depending on the duration of the development period, early, middle and late varieties are distinguished. Chem. the composition of potato tubers is variable and depends on the variety and growing conditions

Chapter 2. History of the origin of potatoes.

It was a long time ago, more than 400 years ago. Far in the opposite part of the world, this ancient mountainous country stretches along the Pacific Ocean, where the ancestors of the American Indians found wild potato tubers and began to plant them near their homes. The climate of Peru is unique: it is hot during the day and cold and frosty at night. The Indians froze potatoes at night and dried them in the sun during the day and called them “chuño” and the potato tubers “pappo”.

Potatoes began their journey to Spain, then to Italy, to England. At the end of the 16th century, a curious story happened with potatoes in France. When the Seven Years' War began, the young French pharmacist Parmentier went to the front as an orderly and was captured, where he was brought food from potatoes and salt to the prison. It seemed tasty and nutritious to him. Six years passed, and Parmentier, returning from captivity, propagated this culture. He got a small plot of land allocated to him and planted it with potatoes, setting up soldiers to guard it during the day.

At night the guards left, and everyone was free to come to the garden and take tubers to plant at home. In Parmentier’s homeland there is a monument to a scientist holding a bouquet of potato flowers.

There are many interesting factors in the biography of potatoes. In the 18th century, the Prussian king waged war with Austria. The Prussians sought mainly to destroy the potato fields, which formed the basis of the population's diet, so this war was called the potato war. Potatoes were brought to Russia by Peter I. Only after the October Revolution did the potato rebirth occur. We took first place in its production.

For the first time, Europeans learned the taste of potatoes just over 400 years ago. The homeland of the potato is South America, where it still grows wild in mountainous areas. In the Andes, at altitudes from 500 to 4500 meters, you can find almost all known species of this tuberous plant.

The Spaniards, who conquered the territory along the western coast of South America at the end of the 15th century, discovered there a completely unfamiliar food product, which the locals called chuño. These were dried tubers. They didn’t yet know how to store raw potatoes, so the Indians scattered the washed tubers in the sun and then left them in the cold overnight. Freezing the potatoes helped remove moisture and reduced the bitterness of the tubers. As a result of freezing and drying, a white starchy product was obtained, which was perfectly stored and saved the Andean inhabitants from hunger in the winter during lean years. The Spanish conquerors, who loaded their caravels with gold and silver, did not suspect that the most valuable cargo on their ships were the humble fruits of the earth - potato tubers, which they took with them on the road.

The first report of potatoes was made in Spain by traveler Pedro Chiesa de Leon in 1553. But the botanical name for this plant was given by the Swiss botanist Caspar Bochen. In his book, he called it “common potato.” For a long time, potatoes were grown in botanical gardens and pharmaceutical gardens. Only 200 years later it appeared in peasant gardens and fields. At first it was not even eaten: the ladies of the court decorated their hair with its flowers. And in Germany, potato beds were laid out in front of the palaces of the kings. It was only much later that potatoes became a food product.

The French greeted earthen apples very unfriendly. A suspicious attitude towards potatoes and various prejudices were supported by churchmen who called potatoes “damn apples.” They claimed that this plant spreads leprosy and causes “stupidity.” It turns out that the varieties known at that time contained a lot of corned beef, substances that give the tubers a bitter taste, and in large doses cause poisoning. Over time, the recognition of potatoes increased. Potatoes were a great rarity and were considered a delicacy; they began to be served only in rich houses. But the spread of this plant was not without its oddities. Potatoes came to India, Iran and other countries from Europe in the 18th century, and to China even earlier, at the beginning of the 17th century. At the end of the 17th century, this plant was brought to Russia. Peter I, being in Holland at that time, sent B. Sheremetev a bag of potatoes. In 1736 Potatoes were already listed in the plant catalog of the St. Petersburg Apothecary Garden. The spread of potatoes in our country was very slow. The hostile attitude towards the new culture was caused not only by prejudices, but also by the fact that the potatoes imported to Europe were not identical to modern ones; they had powerful tops and small bitter tubers. The population did not yet know how to grow it; it was sown thickly, the plants crowded out each other, producing even smaller tubers that were less tasty. In 1770 methods for growing this plant were described.

Chapter 3. Questionnaire “Favorite potato dishes”

1. To find out whether schoolchildren like potatoes, I conducted a survey among students and school staff. It turned out that out of 49 people, only one does not like potatoes, the remaining 48 people like various dishes prepared from them.

EXPERIENCE 2.

I cut the potatoes in half. A little iodine was dropped onto the cut part. The area where the iodine hit first turned brownish (the color of iodine), and then immediately turned into a dark purple color .

CONCLUSION: This indicates the presence of starch in potatoes.

Here are the answers to the above questions:

when cooking potatoes, part of the water evaporates, and the presence of starch makes the potatoes crumbly;

When frying, the water evaporates and the starch browns in the fat;

Well, our favorite chips are made not from pure potatoes, but from starch with the addition of special agents so that they do not crumble.

Chapter 6. Medicinal properties of potatoes. Potato dishes

It’s not for nothing that potatoes are called “second bread” - more than 2 thousand dishes can be prepared from them. In the film “Girls,” the cook Tosya read out a long list of potato dishes: “Boiled potatoes, fried potatoes, mashed potatoes, French fries, potato pie...” I’ll also add to the list from my mother’s cookbook: potato pancakes, potato casserole, stuffed potatoes, breaded potatoes , potato donuts, potato dumplings, potato manti, potato brushwood and much more.

In addition, potatoes are an excellent medicine for many diseases. The juice of fresh tubers is used as an anti-acid agent for gastritis, peptic ulcers and constipation. In case of inflammatory processes, rinse the mouth and pharynx with potato juice. And grated potato gruel can cure burns and non-healing wounds. Vapors from boiled potatoes “in their jackets” are used for inhalation. And you should go on a potato diet if you have joint diseases and anemia. Potatoes themselves are a storehouse of vitamins. Tubers, in addition to proteins, carbohydrates and fiber, contain almost all B vitamins, as well as vitamins C, P, K, PP and A, mineral salts of potassium and phosphorus, iron, macro- and microelements, organic acids.

Conclusion

An ornamental plant, a cure for many diseases, an insect poison, a stain remover and an all-purpose fertilizer. And, finally, the raw materials from which you can make bread, starch, cosmetic powder, oil, wine, coffee, chocolate and yeast... Yes, all of this is potatoes. They even make vodka from it. Potatoes spread to Russia because they helped feed people during grain crop failures and are a relatively unpretentious crop. Potatoes in Russia were nicknamed second bread, because he helped people out in difficult times, for example during war, and is national food. A raw tuber contains 70% water and about 20% starch. It also contains vitamins. When potatoes are cooked, some of the water evaporates, and the presence of starch makes the potatoes crumbly, and when frying, the starch browns in the fat.

Potatoes, which have become an integral attribute of Russian national cuisine, deserve their own annual holiday. I became convinced that potatoes can replace bread, but also that potatoes themselves cannot be replaced with bread.

Flipping through the pages of culinary magazines and talking with our fellow villagers, I realized that almost not a single dish is complete without potatoes.

Potatoes are used as a first course when preparing soups.

Potatoes are also the most delicious second course.

Potatoes are added to many salads. For example: “Olivier” or “Winter salad”

Potatoes are also served for dessert. For example: jelly prepared with potato starch; brushwood, etc.

Conclusion: This means that potatoes are a necessary food on our table and therefore we can say that POTATOES ARE THE SECOND BREAD.

The stated goals and objectives of the study have been achieved.

Practical significance of the study: This material can be used in lessons about the surrounding world, during class hours and quizzes.

During the research, I studied why potatoes are so important for humans.

Literature

Gurin Yu. V. School of entertaining sciences. – “OLMA Media Group” 2007.

S.I.Ozhegov and N.Yu.Shvedova. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. M.: Azbukovnik, 2000.-944 pp.

A.A. Pleshakov. Natural history, 3rd grade - 2007

G. P. Tsyganenko. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. - K.: Radyanska school. 1989, 5000 words

Shansky N.M., Bobrova T.A. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language: 4th ed., stereotype. Ch M.: Bustard, 2001. Part 400 p.

Newspaper "Friendship", 2007

Magazine “Our Kitchen”, 2005

http://visual.images.yandex.ru/sights/